CN115169175A - Blast furnace soft melting zone area shape calculation method - Google Patents
Blast furnace soft melting zone area shape calculation method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a method for calculating the shape of a soft melting zone of a blast furnace, which comprises the steps of determining the reference height of the root position of the soft melting zone, taking the reference height as the parameter correction basis of a numerical simulation model of a temperature field of the blast furnace, correcting the parameters which cannot be measured or calculated in the blast furnace by adopting a nonlinear optimization method to obtain the optimal empirical parameter value, and calculating the distribution of the temperature field in the blast furnace by adopting the parameter value through the numerical simulation model of the temperature field to more accurately determine the shape characteristic of the soft melting zone.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of blast furnace ironmaking detection, and particularly relates to a method for calculating the shape of a soft melting zone of a blast furnace.
Background
The blast furnace is a complex chemical reactor, and iron ore is reduced to obtain molten iron in the production process. Inside the shaft, the iron ore softens and melts due to the compression of the charge material by gravity drop and the heating and reduction action of the high-temperature coal gas counter-current, while the coke particles show no observable deformation, the zone where this occurs being commonly referred to as the reflow zone. The complex interactions between the gas and the solid determine the main characteristics of the reflow strip, such as its thickness and its position in the blast furnace, which have a significant impact on the production capacity. Therefore, the characterization of the phenomenon of the reflow zone is crucial to constructing an accurate blast furnace model. Since blast furnaces generally cannot be interrupted to study the details of internal phenomena by pure experimentation, numerical simulations have become a practical tool to deal with these problems.
The current common numerical simulation method of the reflow zone is to divide the blast furnace into micro-elements in different dimensions, establish the balance equation of heat transfer and mass transfer of each micro-element according to the principles of mass transfer, heat transfer and the like, then determine the boundary conditions according to various monitoring and production data of the blast furnace, and perform iterative solution on the balance equation of each micro-element to obtain the temperature field distribution in the furnace so as to determine the characteristics of the reflow zone; on the other hand, there are many methods for determining or estimating the height of the root position of the reflow zone based on the temperature of the furnace shell stave, the static pressure of the furnace shell, or other measurements. The former can only reflect the characteristics of the thickness distribution shape of the reflow belt in the furnace, the obtained height position has no great reference significance, and the latter can more accurately obtain the height of the root position of the reflow belt but cannot reflect the top position of the reflow belt or other shape characteristic information.
Therefore, it is desirable to devise a method to obtain more accurate positional characterization of the reflow strip shape.
Disclosure of Invention
Therefore, aiming at the problems, the invention provides an optimized calculation method for the shape of the soft melting zone of the blast furnace.
The invention is realized by adopting the following technical scheme:
the invention provides a method for calculating the shape of a soft melting zone area of a blast furnace, which comprises the following steps:
s1, determining a reference height of the root position of a reflow belt of a blast furnace;
s2, establishing a numerical simulation model of a temperature field in the furnace;
s3, selecting parameters which have influence on the characteristics of the reflow zone and cannot be obtained through calculation or measurement as optimization parameters, and correcting the optimization parameter values by adopting a nonlinear optimization method by taking the reference height of the root position obtained in the step S1 as a correction basis;
and S4, carrying out iterative calculation by using the numerical simulation model in the step S2 and the corrected optimized parameter value obtained in the step S3 to obtain the final shape characteristic of the reflow belt.
Preferably, in step S1, the reference height of the root position of the reflow zone is calculated by using the temperature measurement data of the cooling wall of the blast furnace.
Preferably, in step S2, the blast furnace and the burden filled in the blast furnace are taken as a whole, the blast furnace and the burden filled in the blast furnace are divided into n cylinders along the radial direction of the blast furnace, each cylinder is divided into m annular infinitesimal bodies along the axial direction, heat and mass transfer balance equations of gas and burden in the blast furnace are respectively established according to the numerical heat transfer theory and the heat and mass balance principle, the heat and mass transfer balance equations of the gas and the burden are iteratively calculated from boundary conditions for each infinitesimal body, temperature values of each infinitesimal body in each cylinder in the furnace are obtained, and the area of the reflow zone is confirmed according to the temperature field result.
Wherein, in step S2, the region where the temperature of the charge inside the furnace is 1200 to 1400 ℃ is preferably considered as a reflow zone.
Preferably, the boundary conditions include the top gas temperature distribution, the component distribution, the volume flow of the furnace charge, the volume flow of the gas, the top pressure, the top furnace charge density and the gas density of each cylinder, and are obtained by collecting monitoring and production data of the blast furnace and calculating.
Preferably, in step S3, the cylinder body of the outermost ring is extracted as a calculation model F (V) alone, the mutual influence between the cylinder body and the adjacent cylinder body is neglected, the monitoring and production data of the blast furnace are collected to determine the boundary condition of the cylinder body, the model is considered to perform the iterative calculation from top to bottom on the balance equation of each infinitesimal in the cylinder body, the temperature distribution of the coal gas and the furnace charge of each infinitesimal body is solved, the calculation is determined according to the specific temperature limit, and the calculation height of the root position of the reflow melting zone is obtained.
Wherein, preferably, in step S3, the height of the infinitesimal body closest to the 1300 ° temperature value is selected as the root position calculation height.
Preferably, in step S3, a nonlinear optimization algorithm is used to optimize the optimization parameters, so that the error between the calculated height of the root position of the reflowing strip calculated by the numerical model F (V) and the reference height of the root position determined in step S1 is minimized, thereby obtaining the corrected optimization parameter value.
Preferably, the parameters which have influence on the characteristics of the reflow zone but cannot be calculated or measured comprise a furnace top charge temperature boundary value, a reflow zone ore granularity, a drippage ore granularity, a reflow zone coke granularity, a drippage coke granularity, a reflowable zone ore material layer void fraction, a drippage zone ore material layer void fraction, a reflowable zone coke material layer void fraction, a drippage zone coke material layer void fraction, a furnace top gas temperature average value and a gas charge convection heat transfer coefficient.
The invention has the following beneficial effects: by the calculation method provided by the invention, after the reference height of the root position of the reflow belt is determined, the reference height is used as a parameter correction basis of a numerical simulation model of the temperature field of the blast furnace, parameters which cannot be measured or calculated in the blast furnace are corrected by a nonlinear optimization method to obtain an optimal empirical parameter value, and the parameter value is used for calculating the distribution of the temperature field in the furnace by the numerical simulation model of the temperature field, so that the shape characteristic of the region of the reflow belt is determined more accurately.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a blast furnace as an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is the distribution diagram of the temperature field in the blast furnace calculated in the example, wherein the isotherm at 1200 ℃ is the upper boundary of the reflow zone, and the isotherm at 1400 ℃ is the lower boundary of the reflow zone.
Detailed Description
To further illustrate the various embodiments, the present invention provides the accompanying figures. The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this disclosure, illustrate embodiments of the invention and, together with the description, serve to explain the principles of the embodiments and to limit the scope of the invention.
The invention will now be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings and detailed description.
Referring to FIGS. 1-2, as a preferred embodiment of the present invention, there is provided a method for calculating a soft melting zone region of a blast furnace, hereinafter referred to as an effective volume of 2500m 3 The blast furnace of (1) is specifically described as an object of implementation, iron ore and coke are charged in the furnace in layers as a charge in the production process, the size of the blast furnace is shown in fig. 1, and the main parameters thereof are: diameter of furnace throat D 1 8.3m, diameter D of the furnace waist 2 13m, a diameter D of the hearth 3 11.2m, a shaft height H 1 16.6m, height of furnace waist H 2 1.8m, a height H of the hearth 3 Is 3.6m, a furnace body angle omega 1 Is 81.9434 degree, furnace belly angle omega 2 Is 75.9638.
The method for calculating the shape of the soft melting zone of the blast furnace comprises the following steps:
(1) Determining a reference height of a position of a root of a reflow strip
In this embodiment, the reference height of the root position of the reflow zone is calculated by using the temperature measurement data of the cooling walls of the blast furnace, specifically, the data of the temperature measurement points of the cooling walls of the 5 th to 9 th layers of the blast furnace in a period of time (generally, the furnace wall of the blast furnace is provided with a plurality of layers of cooling walls, and a plurality of layers of the temperature measurement points of the cooling walls above the plane height of the tuyere are selected here), the fluctuation (the rising and falling trend changes) change times of each temperature measurement value in the period of time is counted, then the point position with the maximum change time is found, the height of the point and the height of the adjacent two points are linearly interpolated according to the change times, and the reference height h of the root position of the reflow zone is calculated m ＝19.142m。
In other embodiments, the reference height of the root position of the reflow zone may be calculated using measurements of other parameters of the blast furnace, such as measuring the furnace static pressure of the blast furnace. However, the embodiment of the invention adopts the mode of measuring the temperature of the cooling wall of the furnace body to calculate the reference height of the root position, and has the advantages of easier implementation and stronger universality, and cooling wall temperature measuring points are arranged on common blast furnaces.
(2) Establishing a numerical simulation model of a temperature field in a furnace
Referring to fig. 1, the blast furnace and the burden filled in the blast furnace are considered as a whole, and the blast furnace is divided into n cylinders along the radial direction of the blast furnace, and each cylinder is divided into m annular microelements along the axial direction, so as to obtain the grid-shaped microelement division. Then, according to the numerical heat transfer theory and the heat and material balance principle, an equilibrium equation of coal gas and furnace charge in the blast furnace is established as follows.
For the charge:
for gas:
the symbols of the above formulae are illustrated below:
K s ，K g : effective heat conductivity coefficients of furnace burden and coal gas are respectively;
C s ，C g : the coefficients of the furnace burden and the coal gas related to mass flow rate and specific heat capacity are respectively;
T s ，T g : the temperatures of furnace charge and coal gas respectively;
α: the coefficient of convection heat transfer between the coal gas and the furnace burden;
R s ，R g : the parameters of the charge and the gas are related to the reaction molecular weight and the reaction heat respectively.
Next, monitoring and production data of the blast furnace are collected to determine initial boundary conditions for numerical iterative calculations. Comprises the temperature distribution and the component distribution of furnace top gas, the volume flow of furnace charge, the volume flow of gas, the furnace top pressure, the density of furnace top charge and the density of gas of all cylinders.
Specifically, monitoring and production data such as a material distribution system, a cross temperature measurement, an air blast parameter, a furnace top gas parameter, material consumption, yield, inspection and test and the like of the blast furnace on the last day are collected, the average volume flow of furnace charge on one day of each cylinder is calculated, and the furnace top gas flow, components, the furnace top pressure, the furnace top furnace charge density and the gas density of each cylinder are obtained according to a thermal balance and material balance equation; and collecting the average measurement value of the cross temperature measurement in the last day, obtaining the temperature distribution of each cylinder gas at the furnace top by adopting an Akima interpolation method, and subsequently correcting the whole temperature distribution by adopting the optimized average temperature value of the furnace top gas.
The main calculation method of the numerical simulation model is that for each infinitesimal element, starting from a boundary condition, the differential equation is approximately calculated by adopting a finite difference method of backward difference quotient, wherein first-order partial derivative is approximately the backward one-step difference quotient, and second-order partial derivative is approximately the backward two-step difference quotient. And calculating the temperature values of the coal gas and the furnace burden of each infinitesimal body by adopting a sub-relaxation iteration method, and according to the temperature field result, considering that the region with the furnace burden temperature of 1200-1400 ℃ is a reflow zone, namely confirming the region and the state characteristics of the reflow zone.
(3) Modifying the optimization parameters according to the root position reference altitude
Selecting parameters which have large influence on the characteristics of the reflow zone and cannot be calculated or measured, including a furnace top charging material temperature boundary value v 1 Particle size v of ore in the zone of reflow 2 Particle size v of ore in drippage zone 3 Particle size v of coke in the reflow zone 4 Particle size v of coke in dripping zone 5 Porosity v of ore layer in soft melting zone 6 Porosity v of ore layer in falling zone 7 Void degree v of coke bed in reflow zone 8 Void degree v of coke bed in dripping zone 9 Average value v of top gas temperature 10 Gas furnace charge convection heat transfer coefficient v 11 As the optimization parameter to be corrected, V = (V) 1 ,v 2 ,…,v 11 )。
The outermost ring (farthest from the shaft center of the blast furnace) cylinder is extracted as a calculation model F (V) alone, the mutual influence between the cylinder and the adjacent cylinder is ignored, and the boundary condition of the cylinder is determined according to the collected data. In the embodiment, only the outermost circle of the cylinder is used as a calculation model, so that the calculation amount can be effectively reduced.
Calculation model F (V) = h c : giving boundary conditions, introducing optimization parameters V, iteratively solving the balance equation of each infinitesimal body in the monotubular body to obtain a group of temperature point results, and enabling h c Is the height of the closest temperature point to 1300 ℃.
Setting parameter initial value V according to experience value (0) ＝(v 1 (0) ,v 2 (0) ,...,v 11 (0) ) Let the cost function
The function reflects the calculated height h of the root position of the reflow belt obtained by the calculation of a numerical model F (V) c The reference height h of the root position determined in the step (1) m The error of (2).
The optimization problem is established as follows:
minc(V)
s.t.AV-B≤0
wherein the inequality represents a constraint on each item of the optimization parameter V over a range of values.
With V (0) And as an initial point, the convergence precision is 0.001, and the optimization parameter V is optimized by adopting a sequence quadratic programming algorithm. The calculated height h of the root position of the reflow belt obtained by the calculation of a numerical model F (V) c The reference height h of the root position determined in the step (1) m Is calculated to obtain a set of optimal parameters V, subject to the minimum error.
(4) Calculating the shape characteristics of the final reflow zone region
And after the optimal optimization parameter V is obtained, the optimal optimization parameter V is brought into the temperature field numerical simulation model established in the second step, after boundary conditions are determined according to the collected blast furnace data, each infinitesimal in the furnace is subjected to iterative calculation by adopting a sub-relaxation method according to a differential equation to obtain the distribution of the temperature field in the furnace, and the final shape characteristic of the soft melting zone is determined, as shown in figure 2. Wherein the 1200 ℃ isotherm is the upper boundary of the reflow zone, the 1400 ℃ isotherm is the lower boundary of the reflow zone, and the heights of some characteristic points in fig. 2 are:
| characteristic point | Unit m |
| Height position H of top lower boundary of reflow belt d1 | 23.863 |
| Height position H of upper boundary on top of reflow belt d2 | 25.407 |
| Height position H of lower boundary of root of reflow belt g1 | 18.184 |
| Height position H of upper boundary of root of reflow belt g2 | 20.114 |
Therefore, by the calculation method, after the reference height of the root position of the reflow belt is determined, the reference height is used as a parameter correction basis of a numerical simulation model of the temperature field of the blast furnace, parameters which cannot be measured or calculated in the blast furnace are corrected by a nonlinear optimization method to obtain an optimal empirical parameter value, and then the parameter value is used for calculating the distribution of the temperature field in the furnace through the numerical simulation model of the temperature field, so that the shape characteristics of the region of the reflow belt can be determined more accurately.
While the invention has been particularly shown and described with reference to a preferred embodiment, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes in form and detail may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
Claims (9)
1. A method for calculating the shape of a soft melting zone of a blast furnace is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, determining a reference height of the root position of a reflow belt of a blast furnace;
s2, establishing a numerical simulation model of a temperature field in the furnace;
s3, selecting parameters which have influence on the characteristics of the reflow zone and cannot be obtained through calculation or measurement as optimization parameters, and correcting the optimization parameter values by adopting a nonlinear optimization method by taking the reference height of the root position obtained in the step S1 as a correction basis;
and S4, carrying out iterative calculation by using the numerical simulation model in the step S2 and the corrected optimized parameter value obtained in the step S3 to obtain the final shape characteristic of the reflow belt.
2. The method for calculating the shape of the soft melting zone of the blast furnace according to claim 1, wherein: in step S1, the reference height of the root position of the reflow zone is calculated by using the temperature measurement data of the blast furnace cooling wall.
3. The method for calculating the shape of the soft melting zone of the blast furnace according to claim 1, wherein: in step S2, the blast furnace and the furnace burden filled in the blast furnace are taken as a whole, the blast furnace and the furnace burden are divided into n cylinders along the radial direction of the blast furnace, each cylinder is divided into m annular infinitesimal bodies along the axial direction, heat transfer and mass transfer balance equations of gas and furnace burden in the blast furnace are respectively established according to the numerical heat transfer theory and the heat and mass balance principle, the heat transfer and mass transfer balance equations of the gas and the furnace burden are calculated iteratively from boundary conditions for each infinitesimal body, the temperature value of each infinitesimal body in each cylinder in the furnace is obtained, and the area of the reflow zone is confirmed according to the temperature field result.
4. The method for calculating the shape of the soft melting zone of the blast furnace according to claim 3, wherein: in step S2, the area where the temperature of the furnace charge is 1200-1400 ℃ is considered as a reflow zone.
5. The method for calculating the shape of the soft melting zone of the blast furnace according to claim 3, wherein: the boundary conditions comprise furnace top gas temperature distribution, component distribution, furnace charge volume flow, gas volume flow, furnace top pressure, furnace top charge density and gas density of each cylinder, and are obtained by collecting monitoring and production data calculation of the blast furnace.
6. The method for calculating the shape of the soft melting zone of the blast furnace according to claim 3, wherein: in step S3, the cylinder body of the outermost ring is extracted to be used as a calculation model F (V) alone, the mutual influence between the cylinder body and the adjacent cylinder body is neglected, the monitoring and production data of the blast furnace are collected to determine the boundary condition of the cylinder body, the model is considered to carry out the iterative calculation from top to bottom on the balance equation of each infinitesimal in the cylinder body, the temperature distribution of coal gas and furnace charge of each infinitesimal body is solved, the calculation is determined according to a specific temperature limit, and the calculation height of the root position of the soft melting zone is obtained.
7. The method for calculating the shape of the soft melting zone of the blast furnace according to claim 6, wherein: in step S3, the height of the infinitesimal body closest to the 1300 ° temperature value is selected as the root position calculation height.
8. The method for calculating the shape of the soft melting zone of the blast furnace according to claim 6, wherein: in step S3, a nonlinear optimization algorithm is used to optimize the optimization parameters, so that the error between the calculated height of the root position of the reflowing strip calculated by the numerical model F (V) and the reference height of the root position determined in step S1 is minimized, thereby obtaining the corrected optimization parameter values.
9. The method for calculating the shape of the soft melting zone of the blast furnace according to claim 1, wherein: the parameters which have influence on the characteristics of the soft melting zone but can not be calculated or measured comprise the temperature boundary value of furnace top furnace charge, the granularity of ore in the soft melting zone, the granularity of ore in the dropping zone, the granularity of coke in the soft melting zone, the granularity of coke in the dropping zone, the porosity of an ore layer in the soft melting zone, the porosity of an ore layer in the dropping zone, the porosity of a coke layer in the soft melting zone, the porosity of a coke layer in the dropping zone, the average value of the temperature of furnace top gas and the convection heat transfer coefficient of the gas furnace charge.
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