CN115169175B - Method for calculating shape of region of blast furnace reflow zone - Google Patents
Method for calculating shape of region of blast furnace reflow zone Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a calculation method of the shape of a region of a blast furnace soft melting zone, which is characterized in that after the root position reference height of the soft melting zone is determined, the root position reference height is used as a parameter correction basis of a numerical simulation model of a blast furnace temperature field, a nonlinear optimization method is adopted to correct parameters which cannot be measured or calculated in the blast furnace to obtain an optimal empirical parameter value, and then the temperature field distribution in the furnace is obtained by calculating the parameter value through the numerical simulation model of the temperature field so as to more accurately determine the shape characteristics of the region of the soft melting zone.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of blast furnace ironmaking detection, and particularly relates to a method for calculating the shape of a region of a blast furnace reflow zone.
Background
Blast furnaces are complex chemical reactors in which iron ore is reduced to molten iron during production. Inside the shaft, the iron ore softens and melts due to the compression of the charge by gravity reduction and the heating and reduction action of the high temperature gas countercurrent, whereas the coke particles do not show an observable deformation, the zone where this type of phenomenon occurs being commonly referred to as the zone of reflow. The complex interactions between gas and solids determine the main characteristics of the reflow belt, such as its thickness and its position in the blast furnace, which have a significant impact on the throughput. Thus, the characterization of the phenomenon of the reflow zone is critical to building an accurate blast furnace model. Since it is generally impossible to interrupt the blast furnace to investigate the details of internal phenomena through pure experiments, numerical simulation becomes a practical tool to deal with these problems.
The conventional common numerical simulation method for the soft melting zone comprises the steps of dividing a blast furnace into micro-elements in different dimensions, establishing a heat transfer and mass transfer balance equation of each micro-element according to the principles of mass transfer, heat transfer and the like, determining boundary conditions according to various monitoring and production data of the blast furnace, and carrying out iterative solution on the balance equation of each micro-element to obtain temperature field distribution in the furnace so as to determine the characteristics of the soft melting zone; on the other hand, there are also various methods for judging or estimating the height of the root position of the soft melt belt based on the furnace stave temperature, furnace static pressure or other measurement results. The former can only reflect the characteristic of thickness shape of the soft melting belt distributed in the furnace, the obtained height position does not have great reference significance, and the latter can obtain the root position height of the soft melting belt more accurately, but can not reflect the top position or other shape characteristic information of the soft melting belt.
Therefore, there is a need to devise a method to obtain more accurate shape and location characteristics of the reflow tape.
Disclosure of Invention
Therefore, in order to solve the problems, the invention provides an optimized method for calculating the shape of a region of a soft melting zone of a blast furnace.
The invention is realized by adopting the following technical scheme:
the invention provides a method for calculating the shape of a region of a soft melting zone of a blast furnace, which comprises the following steps:
s1, determining the root position reference height of a blast furnace soft melting belt;
s2, establishing a numerical simulation model of the temperature field in the furnace;
s3, selecting parameters which have influence on the characteristics of the soft melting zone but cannot be calculated or measured as optimization parameters, and correcting the optimization parameter values by a nonlinear optimization method by taking the root position reference height obtained in the step S1 as a correction basis;
and S4, adopting the numerical simulation model in the step S2, and carrying out iterative calculation by using the corrected optimized parameter value obtained in the step S3 to obtain the final soft melting belt shape characteristic.
Wherein, preferably, in step S1, the reference height of the root position of the soft melting zone is calculated by using the temperature measurement data of the cooling wall of the blast furnace.
Preferably, in step S2, considering the blast furnace and the burden charged in the blast furnace as a whole, dividing the blast furnace into n cylinders along the radial direction of the blast furnace, dividing each cylinder into m annular microelements along the axial direction, respectively establishing heat transfer and mass transfer balance equations of the gas and the burden in the blast furnace according to numerical heat transfer theory and heat mass balance principle, and iteratively calculating the heat transfer and mass transfer balance equations of the gas and the burden from boundary conditions for each microelements to obtain the temperature value of each microelement in each cylinder in the furnace, and confirming the area of the reflow zone according to the temperature field result.
Wherein, preferably, in step S2, the area where the temperature of the furnace burden is 1200-1400 ℃ is considered as a reflow zone.
Wherein, the boundary conditions preferably comprise furnace top gas temperature distribution, component distribution, furnace charge volume flow, gas volume flow, furnace top pressure, furnace top charge density and gas density of each cylinder, and are obtained by collecting monitoring and production data of the blast furnace.
Preferably, in step S3, the outermost cylinder is extracted as a calculation model F (V), the interaction between the cylinder and the adjacent cylinder is ignored, the boundary condition of the cylinder is determined by collecting the monitoring and production data of the blast furnace, the model is considered to perform iterative calculation from top to bottom on the balance equation of each micro element in the cylinder, the gas and furnace burden temperature distribution of each micro element is solved, and the calculation is determined according to the specific temperature limit, so as to obtain the root position calculation height of the reflow zone.
Preferably, in step S3, the height of the micro element closest to the 1300 ° temperature value is selected as the root position calculation height.
Preferably, in step S3, the optimization parameter is optimized by using a nonlinear optimization algorithm, so that an error between the calculated height of the root position of the soft melting belt calculated by the numerical model F (V) and the reference height of the root position determined in step S1 is minimized, thereby obtaining a corrected optimization parameter value.
Wherein preferably the parameters that have an effect on the characteristics of the reflow zone but cannot be calculated or measured include a furnace top charge temperature boundary value, a reflow zone ore particle size, a drip zone ore particle size, a reflow zone coke particle size, a drip zone coke particle size, a reflow zone ore bed void fraction, a drip zone ore bed void fraction, a reflow zone coke bed void fraction, a drip zone coke bed void fraction, a furnace top gas temperature average, and a gas charge convective heat transfer coefficient.
The invention has the following beneficial effects: after the reference height of the root position of the soft melting zone is determined by the calculation method provided by the invention, the reference height is used as a parameter correction basis of a numerical simulation model of a temperature field of a blast furnace, a nonlinear optimization method is adopted to correct parameters which cannot be measured or calculated in the blast furnace, an optimal empirical parameter value is obtained, and the temperature field distribution in the furnace is obtained by calculating the parameter value through the numerical simulation model of the temperature field, so that the shape characteristics of the soft melting zone region are more accurately determined.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a blast furnace as an object of the embodiment;
FIG. 2 is a graph of the calculated temperature field distribution in the blast furnace in the example, wherein the 1200 ℃ isotherm is the upper boundary of the zone and the 1400 ℃ isotherm is the lower boundary of the zone.
Detailed Description
For further illustration of the various embodiments, the invention is provided with the accompanying drawings. The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this disclosure, illustrate embodiments and together with the description, serve to explain the principles of the embodiments and their operation, without limiting the scope of the invention.
The invention will now be further described with reference to the drawings and detailed description.
Referring to FIGS. 1-2, as a preferred embodiment of the present invention, a method for calculating a zone of a reflow zone of a blast furnace is provided, in which an effective volume is 2500m 3 Specifically, the blast furnace is a blast furnace, in which iron ore and coke are charged in layers as a burden during the production process, and the blast furnace has a size as shown in fig. 1, and the main parameters thereof are as follows: throat diameter D 1 8.3m, waist diameter D 2 13m of furnace belly diameter D 3 The thickness of the material was set to be 11.2m,height H of furnace body 1 16.6m, waist height H 2 1.8m, height H of furnace belly 3 At a shaft angle omega of 3.6m 1 81.9434 DEG, the angle omega of the furnace belly 2 75.9638 deg..
The method for calculating the shape of the region of the blast furnace soft melting zone provided by the implementation comprises the following steps:
(1) Determining a reference height of a root position of a reflow tape
In this embodiment, the reference height of the root position of the reflow zone is calculated by using temperature measurement data of the cooling wall of the blast furnace, specifically, data of 5 th-9 th cooling wall temperature measurement points of the blast furnace (generally, a plurality of cooling wall temperature measurement points above the tuyere plane height are selected on the wall of the blast furnace) in a period of time are collected, the variation times of fluctuation (the variation of the rising and falling trend) of each temperature measurement value in the period of time are counted, then the point position of the maximum variation times is found, the linear interpolation is performed between the height of the point and the heights of two adjacent points according to the variation times, and the reference height h of the root position of the reflow zone is calculated m ＝19.142m。
In other embodiments, measurements of other parameters of the blast furnace may also be used to calculate a reference height for the root position of the reflow zone, such as measuring the static pressure in the furnace of the blast furnace. However, the embodiment adopts the mode of measuring the temperature of the cooling wall of the furnace body to calculate the reference height of the root position, and has the advantages of easier implementation and stronger universality, and cooling wall temperature measuring points are arranged on a common blast furnace.
(2) Establishing a numerical simulation model of a temperature field in a furnace
As shown in fig. 1, considering a blast furnace and a burden filled in the blast furnace as a whole, the blast furnace is divided into n cylinders along the radial direction of the blast furnace, and each cylinder is divided into m annular microelements along the axial direction to obtain grid-shaped microelements. And then, according to the numerical heat transfer theory and the heat mass balance principle, establishing a balance equation of the gas and the furnace burden in the blast furnace as follows.
For the charge:
for gas:
the symbols of the above formulae are as follows:
K s ，K g : the effective heat conductivity coefficients of furnace burden and coal gas are respectively;
C s ，C g : the coefficients of charge and gas related to mass flow rate and specific heat capacity, respectively;
T s ，T g : the temperature of the furnace burden and the temperature of the coal gas respectively;
alpha: a coefficient related to convective heat transfer between the gas and the charge;
R s ，R g : the parameters of the furnace burden and the coal gas are related to the reaction molecular weight and the reaction heat respectively.
Next, monitoring and production data of the blast furnace are collected to determine initial boundary conditions for numerical iterative computation. The furnace top gas temperature distribution, the composition distribution, the furnace charge volume flow, the gas volume flow, the furnace top pressure, the furnace top furnace charge density and the gas density of each cylinder body are included.
Specifically, the method comprises the steps of collecting monitoring and production data such as a material distribution system, cross temperature measurement, blast parameters, furnace top gas parameters, material consumption, yield, inspection and test and the like of a blast furnace in the latest day, calculating to obtain the average furnace charge volume flow of each cylinder in the latest day, and obtaining the furnace top gas flow, the composition, the furnace top pressure, the furnace top charge density and the gas density of each cylinder according to a heat balance and material balance equation; the method comprises the steps of collecting the cross temperature measurement average measured value in the last day, obtaining the temperature distribution of each cylinder gas at the furnace top by adopting an Akima interpolation method, and correcting the whole temperature distribution by adopting the optimized average furnace top gas temperature value in the follow-up process.
The main calculation method of the numerical simulation model is to start from boundary conditions for each infinitesimal, and approximate the differential equation by adopting a finite difference method of a backward difference quotient, wherein the first-order deviation is approximately the backward one-step difference quotient, and the second-order deviation is approximately the backward two-step difference quotient. And calculating the temperature values of the gas and the furnace burden of each micro-element body by adopting a sub-relaxation iteration method, and considering the region with the temperature of the furnace burden in the furnace of 1200-1400 ℃ as a reflow zone according to the temperature field result, namely, confirming the region and the state characteristics of the reflow zone.
(3) Correcting optimization parameters according to root position reference height
Selecting parameters which have great influence on the characteristics of the reflow zone but cannot be calculated or measured, including furnace top furnace charge temperature boundary value v 1 Ore particle size v of the reflow zone 2 Particle size v of the drip belt ore 3 Coke particle size v of the reflow belt 4 Particle size v of drop belt coke 5 Void fraction v of ore bed in reflow zone 6 Void fraction v of ore bed in drop zone 7 Void fraction v of coke layer in the reflow zone 8 Void fraction v of coke layer in drop zone 9 Average value v of top gas temperature 10 Convection heat transfer coefficient v of gas furnace burden 11 As an optimization parameter v= (V) 1 ,v 2 ,…,v 11 )。
The outermost ring (farthest from the shaft center of the blast furnace) cylinder is extracted as a calculation model F (V) alone, the interaction between the cylinder and the adjacent cylinder is ignored, and the boundary condition of the cylinder is determined according to the acquired data. In the embodiment, only the outermost ring cylinder is adopted as a calculation model, so that the calculation amount can be effectively reduced.
Calculation model F (V) =h c : giving boundary conditions, carrying in an optimization parameter V, and iteratively solving a balance equation of each micro-element in the single cylinder to obtain a group of temperature point results, so that h c Is the height at which the point of temperature closest to 1300 ℃.
Setting the initial value V of the parameter according to the empirical value (0) ＝(v 1 (0) ,v 2 (0) ,...,v 11 (0) ) Let the cost functionThe function reflects the calculated height h of the root position of the soft melting belt obtained by calculation of the numerical model F (V) c And step (1)Fixed root position reference height h m Is a function of the error of (a).
The setup optimization problem is as follows:
minc(V)
s.t.AV-B≤0
wherein the inequality represents a constraint on the optimization parameters V over a range of values.
In V form (0) And (3) as an initial point, the convergence accuracy is 0.001, and the optimization parameter V is optimized by adopting a sequence quadratic programming algorithm. Calculating the height h of the root position of the soft melting belt obtained by calculating by using a numerical model F (V) c Root position reference height h determined in step (1) m And (3) calculating to obtain a group of optimal parameters V on the condition of minimum error.
(4) Calculating final zone shape characteristics of the reflow tape
After obtaining the optimal optimization parameter V, carrying the optimal optimization parameter V into the temperature field numerical simulation model established in the second step, determining boundary conditions according to the acquired blast furnace data, and carrying out iterative calculation on each infinitesimal in the furnace according to a differential equation by adopting a sub-relaxation method to obtain temperature field distribution in the furnace, and determining the final shape characteristics of the soft melting zone region, as shown in figure 2. Wherein 1200 ℃ isotherm is the upper boundary of the reflow zone and 1400 ℃ isotherm is the lower boundary of the reflow zone, some feature point heights in fig. 2 are:
| feature points | Unit m |
| Height position H of the lower boundary of the top part of the reflow tape d1 | 23.863 |
| Height position H of top upper boundary of reflow tape d2 | 25.407 |
| Height position H of the lower border of the root part of the soft melting belt g1 | 18.184 |
| Height position H of upper boundary of root of soft melting belt g2 | 20.114 |
Therefore, after the reference height of the root position of the soft melting zone is determined by the calculation method of the embodiment, the reference height is used as a parameter correction basis of a numerical simulation model of a temperature field of the blast furnace, a nonlinear optimization method is adopted to correct parameters which cannot be measured or calculated in the blast furnace, an optimal empirical parameter value is obtained, and the temperature field distribution in the furnace is obtained by calculating the parameter value through the numerical simulation model of the temperature field, so that the shape characteristics of the soft melting zone region can be determined more accurately.
While the invention has been particularly shown and described with reference to a preferred embodiment, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes in form and details may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
Claims (7)
1. The method for calculating the shape of the region of the blast furnace soft melting zone is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, determining the root position reference height of a blast furnace soft melting belt;
s2, considering a blast furnace and furnace burden filled in the blast furnace as a whole, dividing the blast furnace into n cylinders along the radial direction of the blast furnace, dividing each cylinder into m annular microelements along the axial direction, and establishing a numerical simulation model of a temperature field in the furnace;
s3, extracting an outermost cylinder to be used as a calculation model F (V) independently, neglecting the mutual influence of the cylinder and an adjacent cylinder, collecting monitoring and production data of a blast furnace to determine the boundary condition of the cylinder, considering the model to perform iterative calculation from top to bottom on each micro-element balance equation in the cylinder, solving the gas and furnace burden temperature distribution of each micro-element, determining calculation according to a specific temperature limit to obtain the calculated height of the root position of the soft melting zone, selecting parameters which have influence on the characteristics of the soft melting zone but cannot be calculated or measured as optimization parameters, taking the reference height of the root position obtained in the step S1 as correction basis, and correcting the optimization parameter value by adopting a nonlinear optimization method to ensure that the error between the calculated height of the root position of the soft melting zone obtained by calculating the numerical model F (V) and the reference height of the root position determined in the step S1 is minimum, thereby obtaining a corrected optimization parameter value;
and S4, adopting the numerical simulation model in the step S2, and carrying out iterative calculation by using the corrected optimized parameter value obtained in the step S3 to obtain the final soft melting belt shape characteristic.
2. The method for calculating the shape of the region of the reflow zone of the blast furnace according to claim 1, wherein: in step S1, the reference height of the root position of the soft melting zone is calculated by using the temperature measurement data of the cooling wall of the blast furnace.
3. The method for calculating the shape of the region of the reflow zone of the blast furnace according to claim 1, wherein: in step S2, according to the numerical heat transfer theory and the heat mass balance principle, respectively establishing heat transfer and mass transfer balance equations of the gas and the furnace burden in the blast furnace, starting from boundary conditions for each microcell, iteratively calculating the heat transfer and mass transfer balance equations of the gas and the furnace burden to obtain the temperature value of each microcell in each cylinder in the furnace, and confirming the area of the reflow zone according to the temperature field result.
4. The method for calculating the shape of a region of a reflow zone of a blast furnace according to claim 3, wherein: in the step S2, the area with the temperature of the furnace burden in the furnace being 1200-1400 ℃ is considered as a soft melting zone.
5. The method for calculating the shape of a region of a reflow zone of a blast furnace according to claim 3, wherein: the boundary conditions comprise furnace top gas temperature distribution, component distribution, furnace charge volume flow, gas volume flow, furnace top pressure, furnace top furnace charge density and gas density of each cylinder, and are obtained by collecting monitoring and production data of the blast furnace.
6. The method for calculating the shape of the region of the reflow zone of the blast furnace according to claim 1, wherein: in step S3, the micro-element height closest to the 1300 ° temperature value is selected as the root position calculation height.
7. The method for calculating the shape of the region of the reflow zone of the blast furnace according to claim 1, wherein: the parameters that have an effect on the characteristics of the reflow zone but cannot be calculated or measured include furnace top charge temperature boundary values, reflow zone ore particle size, drip zone ore particle size, reflow zone coke particle size, drip zone coke particle size, reflow zone ore bed void fraction, drip zone ore bed void fraction, reflow zone coke bed void fraction, drip zone coke bed void fraction, furnace top gas temperature average, and gas charge convective heat transfer coefficients.
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