CN115155651B - Platinum-based metal catalyst and preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents

Platinum-based metal catalyst and preparation method and application thereof Download PDF

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Publication number
CN115155651B
CN115155651B CN202210944063.7A CN202210944063A CN115155651B CN 115155651 B CN115155651 B CN 115155651B CN 202210944063 A CN202210944063 A CN 202210944063A CN 115155651 B CN115155651 B CN 115155651B
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platinum
manganese
catalyst
carrier
metal
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CN115155651A (en
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杨艳辉
万晓月
戴翼虎
周春梅
张怡
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Hangzhou Fruit And Vegetable Fresh Technology Co ltd
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Hangzhou Fruit And Vegetable Fresh Technology Co ltd
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01JCHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J29/00Catalysts comprising molecular sieves
    • B01J29/04Catalysts comprising molecular sieves having base-exchange properties, e.g. crystalline zeolites
    • B01J29/06Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof
    • B01J29/40Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof of the pentasil type, e.g. types ZSM-5, ZSM-8 or ZSM-11, as exemplified by patent documents US3702886, GB1334243 and US3709979, respectively
    • B01J29/48Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof of the pentasil type, e.g. types ZSM-5, ZSM-8 or ZSM-11, as exemplified by patent documents US3702886, GB1334243 and US3709979, respectively containing arsenic, antimony, bismuth, vanadium, niobium tantalum, polonium, chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, manganese, technetium or rhenium
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23BPRESERVING, e.g. BY CANNING, MEAT, FISH, EGGS, FRUIT, VEGETABLES, EDIBLE SEEDS; CHEMICAL RIPENING OF FRUIT OR VEGETABLES; THE PRESERVED, RIPENED, OR CANNED PRODUCTS
    • A23B7/00Preservation or chemical ripening of fruit or vegetables
    • A23B7/14Preserving or ripening with chemicals not covered by groups A23B7/08 or A23B7/10
    • A23B7/153Preserving or ripening with chemicals not covered by groups A23B7/08 or A23B7/10 in the form of liquids or solids
    • A23B7/157Inorganic compounds
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01JCHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J23/00Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
    • B01J23/38Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals
    • B01J23/54Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals combined with metals, oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups B01J23/02 - B01J23/36
    • B01J23/56Platinum group metals
    • B01J23/64Platinum group metals with arsenic, antimony, bismuth, vanadium, niobium, tantalum, polonium, chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, manganese, technetium or rhenium
    • B01J23/656Manganese, technetium or rhenium
    • B01J23/6562Manganese
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01JCHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J35/00Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties
    • B01J35/20Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their non-solid state
    • B01J35/23Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their non-solid state in a colloidal state
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01JCHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J35/00Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties
    • B01J35/30Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their physical properties
    • B01J35/391Physical properties of the active metal ingredient
    • B01J35/393Metal or metal oxide crystallite size
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01JCHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J2229/00Aspects of molecular sieve catalysts not covered by B01J29/00
    • B01J2229/10After treatment, characterised by the effect to be obtained
    • B01J2229/18After treatment, characterised by the effect to be obtained to introduce other elements into or onto the molecular sieve itself
    • B01J2229/186After treatment, characterised by the effect to be obtained to introduce other elements into or onto the molecular sieve itself not in framework positions

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Zoology (AREA)
  • Food Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
  • Catalysts (AREA)
  • Storage Of Fruits Or Vegetables (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a platinum-based metal catalyst and a preparation method and application thereof, wherein the catalyst takes a nonmetallic oxide as a carrier to load metal platinum and manganese; wherein the content of the metal platinum is 0.05 to 1.00 weight percent, and the content of the metal manganese is 0.1 to 1.0 weight percent; the preparation method comprises the following steps: (1) Adding chloroplatinic acid or chloroplatinic acid salt and manganese salt into water to prepare a solution, dispersing uniformly, adding the prepared solution into a nonmetallic oxide carrier, grinding and drying in vacuum; wherein the volume of water is the saturated adsorbed water volume of the carrier; (2) Reducing the product of the step (1) in a mixed atmosphere of hydrogen and inert gas at the temperature of 250-450 ℃ for 2-4 hours to obtain the platinum-based metal catalyst; manganese is introduced into the platinum-based catalyst, and the synergistic effect of platinum and manganese can catalyze and decompose ethylene at room temperature; the catalyst is applied to the room temperature fresh-keeping of fruits and vegetables, and the preservative does not contact fruits, is safe and healthy, is harmless to the environment, can be recycled, and has good fresh-keeping effect.

Description

Platinum-based metal catalyst and preparation method and application thereof
Technical Field
The invention relates to a metal catalyst and a preparation method and application thereof, in particular to a platinum-based metal catalyst and a preparation method and application thereof.
Background
The fruit and vegetable industry of China, which is the agricultural large country, has strong supply capacity, and the fruit and vegetable yield is the first world at present. The trace amount of ethylene which is spontaneously released by most fruits and vegetables is an important reason for causing fruits to be over ripe or aged so as to cause decay and deterioration of the fruits. 40% of crops such as fruit in the united states are not eaten due to decay problems, and too fast ripening is one of the main reasons. In China, the rotted fruits in the Guangdong province due to the ethylene problem account for 30% of the total amount of rotted fruits. The body quantity of Chinese fruits and vegetables is very huge, the fruit yield reaches trillion, the annual vegetable yield is 8000 billions yuan, the single fruit sales in the electronic commerce industry is over 1500 billions, and fresh keeping has far influence on fruit farmers and agricultural enterprises. Fruits and vegetables affected by ethylene are widely classified and mainly comprise: carrot, banana, pear, passion fruit, peach, apple, plum, apricot, mango, kiwi, papaya, fig, avocado, cherry, ballet, etc.
Aiming at how to remove trace ethylene in fruit transportation and prolong the shelf life of fruits, three technical methods of biological method, physical method and chemical method are developed at present. Wherein, the chemical method is to decompose ethylene by chemical agent or catalytic reaction, thereby protecting fruit. Typical chemistry is potassium permanganate (KMnO 4 ) And ozone (O) 3 ) Ethylene is removed by oxidation. But KMnO 4 High toxicity, and deterioration after ethylene is removed by oxidation; o (O) 3 Specific devices are required, and there is itself a photochemical toxicity that affects fruit quality by acting on some fruits. Thus limiting KMnO 4 And O 3 And (5) popularization and application.
Another general class of chemical processes is the use of solid catalytic preservatives and oxygen in the air to decompose ethylene oxide. In recent years, the method is not in direct contact with fruits, does not cause chemical toxicity, is convenient to use, has lasting effect and the like, and is widely paid attention to at home and abroad. The early catalytic antistaling agent is made of oxides such as manganese oxide, copper oxide and the like, and auxiliary agents such as calcium, potassium, sulfur and the like. These catalytic antistaling agents are relatively low cost, but the manganese is not used in low amounts and has low activity and must be operated at temperatures of 120 ℃ or higher, so that a heating system is required to be used. Therefore, development of catalytic antistaling agents for removing ethylene at low temperature is a current research trend. Hao et al found that cobalt oxide loaded gold nanoparticles were able to remove ethylene at room temperature. But the gold loading is higher (4%) and the cost is higher. The carbon-modified titanium dioxide is used as a catalytic preservative for photocatalytic decomposition of ethylene, and can decompose ethylene at room temperature under ultraviolet irradiation. The limitation of this method is that an ultraviolet catalytic reaction device needs to be built. The platinum-based catalytic preservative prepared by the initial impregnation method is used for introducing 50ppm of ethylene at 25 ℃, and the ethylene removal rate can reach 100%; however, in the practical application scene, the lower the ethylene concentration is, the more active platinum catalytic sites are needed; and carbon monoxide contained can poison the platinum active site.
In the ethylene elimination technology for fruit fresh-keeping, the multiphase platinum-based catalytic ethylene removal method (low-temperature catalytic oxidation method) has more obvious advantages, but can not realize the fruit and vegetable fresh-keeping under the condition of room temperature (10-25 ℃) in actual scenes (low ethylene concentration, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide and other gases).
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to: a first object of the present invention is to provide a platinum-based metal catalyst which is capable of catalytically removing ethylene at room temperature; a second object of the present invention is to provide a method for producing the platinum-based catalyst; a third object of the invention is to provide the use of the platinum-based catalyst in fruit preservation.
The technical scheme is as follows: the platinum-based metal catalyst takes a nonmetallic oxide as a carrier and carries metal platinum and manganese; wherein the content of the metal platinum is 0.05 to 1.00 weight percent, and the content of the metal manganese is 0.1 to 1.0 weight percent.
The fruit fresh-keeping process involves both catalytic oxidation of ethylene with ripening effect and catalytic oxidation of carbon monoxide in air during practical application, but activation of C-H, C-O, C-C. Pt catalyzes ethylene oxide and CO both active, but a certain amount/long time catalyzes carbon monoxide poisoning of the Pt active sites. The improved catalyst can be used for decomposing carbon monoxide by introducing manganese and providing new lattice oxygen catalytic active sites, so that Pt poisoning is prevented, and the catalytic activity is improved.
The particle size of the platinum nano particles is 1-2 nm. The platinum nano particles are small, so that the catalytic active sites of the surface Pt can be improved.
Preferably, the non-metal oxide is silica, alumina-silica, activated carbon or molecular sieve having a large specific surface area.
The preparation method of the catalyst comprises the following steps:
(1) Adding chloroplatinic acid or chloroplatinic acid salt and manganese salt into water to prepare a solution, dispersing uniformly, adding the prepared solution into a nonmetallic oxide carrier, grinding and drying in vacuum; wherein the volume of water is the saturated adsorbed water volume of the carrier;
(2) And (3) reducing the product in the step (1) for 2-4 hours at the temperature of 250-450 ℃ in the atmosphere of hydrogen and inert gas to obtain the platinum-based metal catalyst.
In the step (1), the solution is uniformly dispersed by ultrasonic dispersion, and the platinum and the manganese can be uniformly dispersed by grinding.
In the step (2), pt in chloroplatinic acid or chloroplatinic acid salt is reduced under hydrogen atmosphere 4+ Is reduced to Pt for the most part 0+ After decomposing manganese salt, mnO is obtained x
Preferably, the atmosphere containing hydrogen is a mixture of hydrogen and nitrogen, wherein the atmosphere contains 5-20% of hydrogen and the balance of nitrogen.
Preferably, the manganese salt is manganous nitrate, manganese chloride or manganese acetate.
Preferably, the chloroplatinic acid salt is H 2 PtCl 6 ·6H 2 O or Na 2 PtCl 6 ·6H 2 O。
The temperature of the vacuum drying is 25-50 ℃ and the time is 4-10 hours.
The catalyst of the invention is applied to fruit and vegetable fresh-keeping.
The beneficial effects are that: compared with the prior art, the invention has the following remarkable advantages: (1) Manganese is introduced into the platinum-based catalyst, the synergistic effect of platinum and manganese is high in catalytic activity, and ethylene can be catalytically decomposed at room temperature; (2) The preparation method does not involve the use of organic matters such as glycol or aromatic, and the preparation method is simple; (3) The catalyst is applied to the room temperature fresh-keeping of fruits and vegetables, and the fresh-keeping agent does not contact fruits, is safe and healthy, is harmless to the environment, can be recycled, and has good fresh-keeping effect.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a TEM image of the platinum-based catalyst prepared in example 1;
fig. 2 is a graph of Raman characterization of banana of example 4;
FIG. 3 is a graph showing the Raman characterization of the crystal pear of example 6.
Detailed Description
The technical scheme of the invention is further described below by referring to examples.
Example 1
The platinum-based metal catalyst takes a molecular sieve ZSM-5 as a carrier and carries metal platinum and manganese; wherein the content of the metal platinum is 0.45wt% and the content of the metal manganese is 0.32wt%.
The preparation method comprises the following steps:
(1) 13.2mg of chloroplatinic acid hexahydrate and 16.3mg of manganese nitrate tetrahydrate are added into 0.2g of water to prepare a solution, the solution is dispersed by ultrasonic, 1.1g of ZSM-5 carrier is added into the prepared solution, and the mixture is ground and dried in vacuum at 25 ℃ for 10 hours;
(2) The product of step (1) was purified at 10vol% H 2 -90vol%N 2 Reducing for 3 hours at 300 ℃ in the atmosphere to obtain the platinum-based metal catalyst.
The synthetic platinum-based catalyst was characterized by TEM and the average particle size of Pt nanoparticles was about 1.65nm as shown in figure 1.
Example 2
The platinum-based metal catalyst takes active carbon as a carrier and carries metal platinum and manganese; wherein the content of the metal platinum is 0.80wt% and the content of the metal manganese is 0.90wt%.
The preparation method comprises the following steps:
(1) Adding 25.8mg of sodium chloroplatinate hexahydrate and 45.0mg of manganese acetate tetrahydrate into 0.8g of water to prepare a solution, performing ultrasonic dispersion, adding 1.1g of active carbon carrier into the prepared solution, grinding, and performing vacuum drying at 50 ℃ for 4 hours;
(2) The product of step (1) was purified at 10vol% H 2 -90vol%N 2 Reducing for 4 hours at 250 ℃ in the atmosphere to obtain the platinum-based metal catalyst.
Example 3
The platinum-based metal catalyst takes titanium oxide as a carrier and carries metal platinum and manganese; wherein the content of the metal platinum is 0.10wt% and the content of the metal manganese is 0.20wt%.
The preparation method comprises the following steps:
(1) Adding 3.2mg of sodium chloroplatinate hexahydrate and 10.1mg of manganese acetate tetrahydrate into 0.85g of water to prepare a solution, performing ultrasonic dispersion, adding 1.1g of titanium oxide carrier into the prepared solution, grinding, and performing vacuum drying at 25 ℃ for 10 hours;
(2) The product of step (1) was purified at 10vol% H 2 -90vol%N 2 Reducing for 2 hours at 450 ℃ in the atmosphere to obtain the platinum-based metal catalyst.
Comparative example 1
On the basis of example 1, the manganese metal was replaced by platinum of equivalent mass.
Application of
The platinum-based metal catalyst is applied to fruit and vegetable fresh-keeping.
The test method comprises the following steps:
(1) Filling 1g of catalyst into a non-woven fabric fresh-keeping bag, and adhering the fresh-keeping bag to a storage box cover made of polypropylene (PP);
(2) Fruits and vegetables with fruit stalks, no insect damage and no collision damage and basically consistent fruit peel color are respectively put into a storage box containing a platinum-based catalyst and a storage box containing no platinum-based catalyst, the storage box is covered with a cover for storage at room temperature, the storage box is observed, inspected and recorded at regular intervals, and the fresh-keeping rate is calculated according to the following calculation formula:
example 4
The color of the standby peel is basically consistent, 4kg of bananas without collision damage are respectively put into 2kg of a storage box containing the platinum-based catalyst prepared in the example 1 and a storage box not containing the platinum-based catalyst, and the storage box is placed at room temperature for 8 days for observation.
The results of characterization of bananas in the platinum-based catalyst-containing and platinum-free storage cassettes using Raman are shown in fig. 2, where banana cells in the platinum-based catalyst-free storage cassette collapsed (fig. 2, b) and banana cells containing the platinum-based catalyst were filled (fig. 2, a).
The banana preservation rate in the storage box containing the platinum-based catalyst is 100%, and the banana preservation rate in the storage box without the platinum-based catalyst is 40%, namely under the same conditions, the platinum-based catalyst can effectively prolong the banana preservation period.
Comparative example 2
The platinum-based catalyst was changed to the catalyst synthesized in comparative example 1 on the basis of example 4, and the other conditions were unchanged.
Experimental results show that the fresh-keeping rate is 70%. The fresh-keeping rate is reduced, and the result shows that the synergistic effect of platinum and manganese is superior to that of platinum catalyst.
Example 5
The color and luster of the standby peel are basically consistent, 2kg of passion fruits without collision damage are respectively put into 1kg of storage boxes containing the platinum-based catalyst prepared in the example 1 and the storage boxes without the platinum-based catalyst, and the storage boxes are placed at room temperature for 16 days for observation.
The preservation rate of bananas in the storage box containing the platinum-based catalyst is 60%, and the preservation rate of bananas in the storage box without the platinum-based catalyst is 30%, namely under the same condition, the platinum-based catalyst can effectively prolong the preservation period of passion fruits.
Example 6
10kg of crystal pears with basically consistent color and luster and no collision damage are prepared by respectively placing 5kg of crystal pears in a storage box containing the platinum-based catalyst prepared in the example 2 and a storage box containing no platinum-based catalyst, and standing at room temperature for 76 days for observation.
The results of characterization of the crystal pears in the platinum-based catalyst-containing and platinum-free storage boxes by Raman are shown in fig. 2, and the cell walls of the crystal pears in the platinum-based catalyst-free storage boxes collapse (fig. 3, b), and the crystal pears containing the platinum-based catalyst are plump (fig. 3, a).
The preservation rate of bananas in the storage box containing the platinum-based catalyst is 83%, and the preservation rate of bananas in the storage box without the platinum-based catalyst is 16%, namely the platinum-based catalyst can effectively prolong the preservation period of crystal pears under the same condition.
Example 7
The prepared peel has basically consistent color and luster, 4kg of carrot without collision damage, 2kg of carrot is respectively placed in a storage box containing the platinum-based catalyst prepared in example 2 and a storage box without the platinum-based catalyst, and the storage box is left at room temperature for 5 days for observation.
The carrot in the storage box containing the platinum-based catalyst is rotten by 50%, and the carrot in the storage box not containing the platinum-based catalyst is rotten by 100%, namely the platinum-based catalyst can effectively prolong the fresh-keeping period of the carrot under the same condition.
Example 8
8kg of peach with basically consistent color and luster and no collision damage is prepared, 4kg of peach is respectively placed in a storage box containing the platinum-based catalyst prepared in the example 2 and a storage box containing no platinum-based catalyst, and the peach is placed at room temperature for 14 days for observation.
The fresh peach fruit rate in the storage box containing the platinum-based catalyst is 50%, and 100% of peach fruits in the storage box without the platinum-based catalyst are rotted, namely under the same condition, the platinum-based catalyst can effectively prolong the fresh-keeping period of peach fruits.

Claims (6)

1. The application of the platinum-based metal catalyst in fruit and vegetable fresh-keeping is characterized in that the carrier is loaded with metal platinum and manganese; wherein the content of the metal platinum is 0.05-1.00 wt%, and the content of the metal manganese is 0.1-1.0 wt%; the carrier is silicon dioxide, aluminum oxide-silicon oxide, active carbon or molecular sieve.
2. The use according to claim 1, wherein the platinum nanoparticles have a particle size of 1-2 nm.
3. The use of claim 1, wherein the catalyst is prepared by a process comprising the steps of:
(1) Adding chloroplatinic acid or chloroplatinic acid salt and manganese salt into water to prepare a solution, dispersing uniformly, adding the prepared solution into a carrier, grinding and drying in vacuum; wherein the volume of water is the saturated adsorbed water volume of the carrier;
(2) And (3) reducing the product in the step (1) for 2-4 hours at the temperature of 250-450 ℃ in the atmosphere of hydrogen and inert gas to obtain the platinum-based metal catalyst.
4. Use according to claim 3, wherein the manganese salt is manganous nitrate, manganous chloride or manganous acetate.
5. The use according to claim 3, wherein the chloroplatinic acid salt is H 2 PtCl 6 Or Na (or) 2 PtCl 6 •6H 2 O。
6. The use according to claim 3, wherein the vacuum drying is carried out at a temperature of 25-50 ℃ for a time of 4-10 hours.
CN202210944063.7A 2022-08-05 2022-08-05 Platinum-based metal catalyst and preparation method and application thereof Active CN115155651B (en)

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CN112604686A (en) * 2020-11-20 2021-04-06 珠海格力电器股份有限公司 Normal-temperature formaldehyde removal catalyst, and preparation method and application thereof
CN113731479A (en) * 2021-09-28 2021-12-03 无锡威孚环保催化剂有限公司 HCHO catalyst capable of efficiently and rapidly degrading at room temperature and preparation method thereof

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CN1270840A (en) * 2000-04-21 2000-10-25 宜兴市联通净化材料有限公司 Preserving deodorizer and its maufacture and preserving and deodorizing refrigerator
CN101284774A (en) * 2008-05-23 2008-10-15 浙江大学 Process for preparing glyceric acid by one-step of direct catalytic oxidation with oxygen
CN101992101A (en) * 2009-08-31 2011-03-30 中国石油化工股份有限公司上海石油化工研究院 Precious metal catalyst
KR20120077637A (en) * 2010-12-30 2012-07-10 주식회사 효성 Preparation of the catalysts platinum system
CN102649555A (en) * 2011-02-25 2012-08-29 中国石油化工股份有限公司 Method for oxydehydrogenating gas material containing carbon monoxide
CN106040236A (en) * 2016-06-22 2016-10-26 安庆市天虹新型材料科技有限公司 Preparation method of nano catalyst for degrading methanal
CN111266119A (en) * 2020-02-25 2020-06-12 南京工业大学 α -unsaturated aldehyde ketone selective hydrogenation platinum-based catalyst, and preparation method and application thereof
CN112604686A (en) * 2020-11-20 2021-04-06 珠海格力电器股份有限公司 Normal-temperature formaldehyde removal catalyst, and preparation method and application thereof
CN113731479A (en) * 2021-09-28 2021-12-03 无锡威孚环保催化剂有限公司 HCHO catalyst capable of efficiently and rapidly degrading at room temperature and preparation method thereof

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