CN115155651B - Platinum-based metal catalyst and preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents
Platinum-based metal catalyst and preparation method and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN115155651B CN115155651B CN202210944063.7A CN202210944063A CN115155651B CN 115155651 B CN115155651 B CN 115155651B CN 202210944063 A CN202210944063 A CN 202210944063A CN 115155651 B CN115155651 B CN 115155651B
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- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 170
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 82
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 66
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 36
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 36
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title abstract description 12
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 235000012055 fruits and vegetables Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 150000002696 manganese Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical group O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002105 nanoparticle Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000001291 vacuum drying Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002808 molecular sieve Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- URGAHOPLAPQHLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium aluminosilicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Al+3].[O-][Si]([O-])=O.[O-][Si]([O-])=O URGAHOPLAPQHLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910021380 Manganese Chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- GLFNIEUTAYBVOC-UHFFFAOYSA-L Manganese chloride Chemical compound Cl[Mn]Cl GLFNIEUTAYBVOC-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910002651 NO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrate Chemical compound [O-][N+]([O-])=O NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000002867 manganese chloride Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011565 manganese chloride Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- UOGMEBQRZBEZQT-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);diacetate Chemical compound [Mn+2].CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O UOGMEBQRZBEZQT-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- VIJYFGMFEVJQHU-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminum oxosilicon(2+) oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[Al+3].[Si+2]=O VIJYFGMFEVJQHU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 235000012239 silicon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 claims 1
- 235000013399 edible fruits Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 24
- VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethene Chemical compound C=C VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 21
- 239000005977 Ethylene Substances 0.000 abstract description 21
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000003755 preservative agent Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000002335 preservative effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000002195 synergetic effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 33
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 15
- 240000008790 Musa x paradisiaca Species 0.000 description 13
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 description 10
- 241000220324 Pyrus Species 0.000 description 8
- 244000144730 Amygdalus persica Species 0.000 description 7
- 235000018290 Musa x paradisiaca Nutrition 0.000 description 7
- 235000006040 Prunus persica var persica Nutrition 0.000 description 7
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 7
- 244000000626 Daucus carota Species 0.000 description 6
- 235000002767 Daucus carota Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- 235000021015 bananas Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- 235000021017 pears Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000001069 Raman spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000012512 characterization method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000002932 luster Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 244000288157 Passiflora edulis Species 0.000 description 3
- 235000000370 Passiflora edulis Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 150000004687 hexahydrates Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000001132 ultrasonic dispersion Methods 0.000 description 3
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene oxide Chemical compound C1CO1 IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000014443 Pyrus communis Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000006555 catalytic reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 210000004027 cell Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 2
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 description 2
- AMWRITDGCCNYAT-UHFFFAOYSA-L hydroxy(oxo)manganese;manganese Chemical compound [Mn].O[Mn]=O.O[Mn]=O AMWRITDGCCNYAT-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 229940082328 manganese acetate tetrahydrate Drugs 0.000 description 2
- CESXSDZNZGSWSP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);diacetate;tetrahydrate Chemical compound O.O.O.O.[Mn+2].CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O CESXSDZNZGSWSP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 230000005070 ripening Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium oxide Inorganic materials [Ti]=O OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 235000009434 Actinidia chinensis Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 244000298697 Actinidia deliciosa Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000009436 Actinidia deliciosa Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241000167854 Bourreria succulenta Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000004936 Bromus mango Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 208000001408 Carbon monoxide poisoning Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 240000006432 Carica papaya Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000009467 Carica papaya Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- QPLDLSVMHZLSFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper oxide Chemical compound [Cu]=O QPLDLSVMHZLSFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005751 Copper oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 241000238631 Hexapoda Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000220225 Malus Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000011430 Malus pumila Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000015103 Malus silvestris Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 240000007228 Mangifera indica Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000014826 Mangifera indica Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- CBENFWSGALASAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ozone Chemical compound [O-][O+]=O CBENFWSGALASAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 244000025272 Persea americana Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000008673 Persea americana Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 208000005374 Poisoning Diseases 0.000 description 1
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 244000018633 Prunus armeniaca Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000009827 Prunus armeniaca Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000009184 Spondias indica Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000003917 TEM image Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000012752 auxiliary agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010170 biological method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000002421 cell wall Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000013043 chemical agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001311 chemical methods and process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 231100000045 chemical toxicity Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 235000019693 cherries Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910000428 cobalt oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- IVMYJDGYRUAWML-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt(ii) oxide Chemical compound [Co]=O IVMYJDGYRUAWML-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000431 copper oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008030 elimination Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003379 elimination reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 231100000086 high toxicity Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydroxyacetaldehyde Natural products OCC=O WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005470 impregnation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002045 lasting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011068 loading method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229940071125 manganese acetate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229940099607 manganese chloride Drugs 0.000 description 1
- ALIMWUQMDCBYFM-UHFFFAOYSA-N manganese(2+);dinitrate;tetrahydrate Chemical compound O.O.O.O.[Mn+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O ALIMWUQMDCBYFM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052755 nonmetal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004745 nonwoven fabric Substances 0.000 description 1
- SOQBVABWOPYFQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxygen(2-);titanium(4+) Chemical class [O-2].[O-2].[Ti+4] SOQBVABWOPYFQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000001699 photocatalysis Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000053 physical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002574 poison Substances 0.000 description 1
- 231100000614 poison Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 231100000572 poisoning Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000000607 poisoning effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- -1 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000012286 potassium permanganate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 231100000419 toxicity Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000001988 toxicity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000013311 vegetables Nutrition 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J29/00—Catalysts comprising molecular sieves
- B01J29/04—Catalysts comprising molecular sieves having base-exchange properties, e.g. crystalline zeolites
- B01J29/06—Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof
- B01J29/40—Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof of the pentasil type, e.g. types ZSM-5, ZSM-8 or ZSM-11, as exemplified by patent documents US3702886, GB1334243 and US3709979, respectively
- B01J29/48—Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof of the pentasil type, e.g. types ZSM-5, ZSM-8 or ZSM-11, as exemplified by patent documents US3702886, GB1334243 and US3709979, respectively containing arsenic, antimony, bismuth, vanadium, niobium tantalum, polonium, chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, manganese, technetium or rhenium
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23B—PRESERVING, e.g. BY CANNING, MEAT, FISH, EGGS, FRUIT, VEGETABLES, EDIBLE SEEDS; CHEMICAL RIPENING OF FRUIT OR VEGETABLES; THE PRESERVED, RIPENED, OR CANNED PRODUCTS
- A23B7/00—Preservation or chemical ripening of fruit or vegetables
- A23B7/14—Preserving or ripening with chemicals not covered by groups A23B7/08 or A23B7/10
- A23B7/153—Preserving or ripening with chemicals not covered by groups A23B7/08 or A23B7/10 in the form of liquids or solids
- A23B7/157—Inorganic compounds
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/38—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals
- B01J23/54—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals combined with metals, oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups B01J23/02 - B01J23/36
- B01J23/56—Platinum group metals
- B01J23/64—Platinum group metals with arsenic, antimony, bismuth, vanadium, niobium, tantalum, polonium, chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, manganese, technetium or rhenium
- B01J23/656—Manganese, technetium or rhenium
- B01J23/6562—Manganese
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J35/00—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties
- B01J35/20—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their non-solid state
- B01J35/23—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their non-solid state in a colloidal state
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J35/00—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties
- B01J35/30—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their physical properties
- B01J35/391—Physical properties of the active metal ingredient
- B01J35/393—Metal or metal oxide crystallite size
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2229/00—Aspects of molecular sieve catalysts not covered by B01J29/00
- B01J2229/10—After treatment, characterised by the effect to be obtained
- B01J2229/18—After treatment, characterised by the effect to be obtained to introduce other elements into or onto the molecular sieve itself
- B01J2229/186—After treatment, characterised by the effect to be obtained to introduce other elements into or onto the molecular sieve itself not in framework positions
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Catalysts (AREA)
- Storage Of Fruits Or Vegetables (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a platinum-based metal catalyst and a preparation method and application thereof, wherein the catalyst takes a nonmetallic oxide as a carrier to load metal platinum and manganese; wherein the content of the metal platinum is 0.05 to 1.00 weight percent, and the content of the metal manganese is 0.1 to 1.0 weight percent; the preparation method comprises the following steps: (1) Adding chloroplatinic acid or chloroplatinic acid salt and manganese salt into water to prepare a solution, dispersing uniformly, adding the prepared solution into a nonmetallic oxide carrier, grinding and drying in vacuum; wherein the volume of water is the saturated adsorbed water volume of the carrier; (2) Reducing the product of the step (1) in a mixed atmosphere of hydrogen and inert gas at the temperature of 250-450 ℃ for 2-4 hours to obtain the platinum-based metal catalyst; manganese is introduced into the platinum-based catalyst, and the synergistic effect of platinum and manganese can catalyze and decompose ethylene at room temperature; the catalyst is applied to the room temperature fresh-keeping of fruits and vegetables, and the preservative does not contact fruits, is safe and healthy, is harmless to the environment, can be recycled, and has good fresh-keeping effect.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a metal catalyst and a preparation method and application thereof, in particular to a platinum-based metal catalyst and a preparation method and application thereof.
Background
The fruit and vegetable industry of China, which is the agricultural large country, has strong supply capacity, and the fruit and vegetable yield is the first world at present. The trace amount of ethylene which is spontaneously released by most fruits and vegetables is an important reason for causing fruits to be over ripe or aged so as to cause decay and deterioration of the fruits. 40% of crops such as fruit in the united states are not eaten due to decay problems, and too fast ripening is one of the main reasons. In China, the rotted fruits in the Guangdong province due to the ethylene problem account for 30% of the total amount of rotted fruits. The body quantity of Chinese fruits and vegetables is very huge, the fruit yield reaches trillion, the annual vegetable yield is 8000 billions yuan, the single fruit sales in the electronic commerce industry is over 1500 billions, and fresh keeping has far influence on fruit farmers and agricultural enterprises. Fruits and vegetables affected by ethylene are widely classified and mainly comprise: carrot, banana, pear, passion fruit, peach, apple, plum, apricot, mango, kiwi, papaya, fig, avocado, cherry, ballet, etc.
Aiming at how to remove trace ethylene in fruit transportation and prolong the shelf life of fruits, three technical methods of biological method, physical method and chemical method are developed at present. Wherein, the chemical method is to decompose ethylene by chemical agent or catalytic reaction, thereby protecting fruit. Typical chemistry is potassium permanganate (KMnO 4 ) And ozone (O) 3 ) Ethylene is removed by oxidation. But KMnO 4 High toxicity, and deterioration after ethylene is removed by oxidation; o (O) 3 Specific devices are required, and there is itself a photochemical toxicity that affects fruit quality by acting on some fruits. Thus limiting KMnO 4 And O 3 And (5) popularization and application.
Another general class of chemical processes is the use of solid catalytic preservatives and oxygen in the air to decompose ethylene oxide. In recent years, the method is not in direct contact with fruits, does not cause chemical toxicity, is convenient to use, has lasting effect and the like, and is widely paid attention to at home and abroad. The early catalytic antistaling agent is made of oxides such as manganese oxide, copper oxide and the like, and auxiliary agents such as calcium, potassium, sulfur and the like. These catalytic antistaling agents are relatively low cost, but the manganese is not used in low amounts and has low activity and must be operated at temperatures of 120 ℃ or higher, so that a heating system is required to be used. Therefore, development of catalytic antistaling agents for removing ethylene at low temperature is a current research trend. Hao et al found that cobalt oxide loaded gold nanoparticles were able to remove ethylene at room temperature. But the gold loading is higher (4%) and the cost is higher. The carbon-modified titanium dioxide is used as a catalytic preservative for photocatalytic decomposition of ethylene, and can decompose ethylene at room temperature under ultraviolet irradiation. The limitation of this method is that an ultraviolet catalytic reaction device needs to be built. The platinum-based catalytic preservative prepared by the initial impregnation method is used for introducing 50ppm of ethylene at 25 ℃, and the ethylene removal rate can reach 100%; however, in the practical application scene, the lower the ethylene concentration is, the more active platinum catalytic sites are needed; and carbon monoxide contained can poison the platinum active site.
In the ethylene elimination technology for fruit fresh-keeping, the multiphase platinum-based catalytic ethylene removal method (low-temperature catalytic oxidation method) has more obvious advantages, but can not realize the fruit and vegetable fresh-keeping under the condition of room temperature (10-25 ℃) in actual scenes (low ethylene concentration, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide and other gases).
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to: a first object of the present invention is to provide a platinum-based metal catalyst which is capable of catalytically removing ethylene at room temperature; a second object of the present invention is to provide a method for producing the platinum-based catalyst; a third object of the invention is to provide the use of the platinum-based catalyst in fruit preservation.
The technical scheme is as follows: the platinum-based metal catalyst takes a nonmetallic oxide as a carrier and carries metal platinum and manganese; wherein the content of the metal platinum is 0.05 to 1.00 weight percent, and the content of the metal manganese is 0.1 to 1.0 weight percent.
The fruit fresh-keeping process involves both catalytic oxidation of ethylene with ripening effect and catalytic oxidation of carbon monoxide in air during practical application, but activation of C-H, C-O, C-C. Pt catalyzes ethylene oxide and CO both active, but a certain amount/long time catalyzes carbon monoxide poisoning of the Pt active sites. The improved catalyst can be used for decomposing carbon monoxide by introducing manganese and providing new lattice oxygen catalytic active sites, so that Pt poisoning is prevented, and the catalytic activity is improved.
The particle size of the platinum nano particles is 1-2 nm. The platinum nano particles are small, so that the catalytic active sites of the surface Pt can be improved.
Preferably, the non-metal oxide is silica, alumina-silica, activated carbon or molecular sieve having a large specific surface area.
The preparation method of the catalyst comprises the following steps:
(1) Adding chloroplatinic acid or chloroplatinic acid salt and manganese salt into water to prepare a solution, dispersing uniformly, adding the prepared solution into a nonmetallic oxide carrier, grinding and drying in vacuum; wherein the volume of water is the saturated adsorbed water volume of the carrier;
(2) And (3) reducing the product in the step (1) for 2-4 hours at the temperature of 250-450 ℃ in the atmosphere of hydrogen and inert gas to obtain the platinum-based metal catalyst.
In the step (1), the solution is uniformly dispersed by ultrasonic dispersion, and the platinum and the manganese can be uniformly dispersed by grinding.
In the step (2), pt in chloroplatinic acid or chloroplatinic acid salt is reduced under hydrogen atmosphere 4+ Is reduced to Pt for the most part 0+ After decomposing manganese salt, mnO is obtained x 。
Preferably, the atmosphere containing hydrogen is a mixture of hydrogen and nitrogen, wherein the atmosphere contains 5-20% of hydrogen and the balance of nitrogen.
Preferably, the manganese salt is manganous nitrate, manganese chloride or manganese acetate.
Preferably, the chloroplatinic acid salt is H 2 PtCl 6 ·6H 2 O or Na 2 PtCl 6 ·6H 2 O。
The temperature of the vacuum drying is 25-50 ℃ and the time is 4-10 hours.
The catalyst of the invention is applied to fruit and vegetable fresh-keeping.
The beneficial effects are that: compared with the prior art, the invention has the following remarkable advantages: (1) Manganese is introduced into the platinum-based catalyst, the synergistic effect of platinum and manganese is high in catalytic activity, and ethylene can be catalytically decomposed at room temperature; (2) The preparation method does not involve the use of organic matters such as glycol or aromatic, and the preparation method is simple; (3) The catalyst is applied to the room temperature fresh-keeping of fruits and vegetables, and the fresh-keeping agent does not contact fruits, is safe and healthy, is harmless to the environment, can be recycled, and has good fresh-keeping effect.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a TEM image of the platinum-based catalyst prepared in example 1;
fig. 2 is a graph of Raman characterization of banana of example 4;
FIG. 3 is a graph showing the Raman characterization of the crystal pear of example 6.
Detailed Description
The technical scheme of the invention is further described below by referring to examples.
Example 1
The platinum-based metal catalyst takes a molecular sieve ZSM-5 as a carrier and carries metal platinum and manganese; wherein the content of the metal platinum is 0.45wt% and the content of the metal manganese is 0.32wt%.
The preparation method comprises the following steps:
(1) 13.2mg of chloroplatinic acid hexahydrate and 16.3mg of manganese nitrate tetrahydrate are added into 0.2g of water to prepare a solution, the solution is dispersed by ultrasonic, 1.1g of ZSM-5 carrier is added into the prepared solution, and the mixture is ground and dried in vacuum at 25 ℃ for 10 hours;
(2) The product of step (1) was purified at 10vol% H 2 -90vol%N 2 Reducing for 3 hours at 300 ℃ in the atmosphere to obtain the platinum-based metal catalyst.
The synthetic platinum-based catalyst was characterized by TEM and the average particle size of Pt nanoparticles was about 1.65nm as shown in figure 1.
Example 2
The platinum-based metal catalyst takes active carbon as a carrier and carries metal platinum and manganese; wherein the content of the metal platinum is 0.80wt% and the content of the metal manganese is 0.90wt%.
The preparation method comprises the following steps:
(1) Adding 25.8mg of sodium chloroplatinate hexahydrate and 45.0mg of manganese acetate tetrahydrate into 0.8g of water to prepare a solution, performing ultrasonic dispersion, adding 1.1g of active carbon carrier into the prepared solution, grinding, and performing vacuum drying at 50 ℃ for 4 hours;
(2) The product of step (1) was purified at 10vol% H 2 -90vol%N 2 Reducing for 4 hours at 250 ℃ in the atmosphere to obtain the platinum-based metal catalyst.
Example 3
The platinum-based metal catalyst takes titanium oxide as a carrier and carries metal platinum and manganese; wherein the content of the metal platinum is 0.10wt% and the content of the metal manganese is 0.20wt%.
The preparation method comprises the following steps:
(1) Adding 3.2mg of sodium chloroplatinate hexahydrate and 10.1mg of manganese acetate tetrahydrate into 0.85g of water to prepare a solution, performing ultrasonic dispersion, adding 1.1g of titanium oxide carrier into the prepared solution, grinding, and performing vacuum drying at 25 ℃ for 10 hours;
(2) The product of step (1) was purified at 10vol% H 2 -90vol%N 2 Reducing for 2 hours at 450 ℃ in the atmosphere to obtain the platinum-based metal catalyst.
Comparative example 1
On the basis of example 1, the manganese metal was replaced by platinum of equivalent mass.
Application of
The platinum-based metal catalyst is applied to fruit and vegetable fresh-keeping.
The test method comprises the following steps:
(1) Filling 1g of catalyst into a non-woven fabric fresh-keeping bag, and adhering the fresh-keeping bag to a storage box cover made of polypropylene (PP);
(2) Fruits and vegetables with fruit stalks, no insect damage and no collision damage and basically consistent fruit peel color are respectively put into a storage box containing a platinum-based catalyst and a storage box containing no platinum-based catalyst, the storage box is covered with a cover for storage at room temperature, the storage box is observed, inspected and recorded at regular intervals, and the fresh-keeping rate is calculated according to the following calculation formula:
example 4
The color of the standby peel is basically consistent, 4kg of bananas without collision damage are respectively put into 2kg of a storage box containing the platinum-based catalyst prepared in the example 1 and a storage box not containing the platinum-based catalyst, and the storage box is placed at room temperature for 8 days for observation.
The results of characterization of bananas in the platinum-based catalyst-containing and platinum-free storage cassettes using Raman are shown in fig. 2, where banana cells in the platinum-based catalyst-free storage cassette collapsed (fig. 2, b) and banana cells containing the platinum-based catalyst were filled (fig. 2, a).
The banana preservation rate in the storage box containing the platinum-based catalyst is 100%, and the banana preservation rate in the storage box without the platinum-based catalyst is 40%, namely under the same conditions, the platinum-based catalyst can effectively prolong the banana preservation period.
Comparative example 2
The platinum-based catalyst was changed to the catalyst synthesized in comparative example 1 on the basis of example 4, and the other conditions were unchanged.
Experimental results show that the fresh-keeping rate is 70%. The fresh-keeping rate is reduced, and the result shows that the synergistic effect of platinum and manganese is superior to that of platinum catalyst.
Example 5
The color and luster of the standby peel are basically consistent, 2kg of passion fruits without collision damage are respectively put into 1kg of storage boxes containing the platinum-based catalyst prepared in the example 1 and the storage boxes without the platinum-based catalyst, and the storage boxes are placed at room temperature for 16 days for observation.
The preservation rate of bananas in the storage box containing the platinum-based catalyst is 60%, and the preservation rate of bananas in the storage box without the platinum-based catalyst is 30%, namely under the same condition, the platinum-based catalyst can effectively prolong the preservation period of passion fruits.
Example 6
10kg of crystal pears with basically consistent color and luster and no collision damage are prepared by respectively placing 5kg of crystal pears in a storage box containing the platinum-based catalyst prepared in the example 2 and a storage box containing no platinum-based catalyst, and standing at room temperature for 76 days for observation.
The results of characterization of the crystal pears in the platinum-based catalyst-containing and platinum-free storage boxes by Raman are shown in fig. 2, and the cell walls of the crystal pears in the platinum-based catalyst-free storage boxes collapse (fig. 3, b), and the crystal pears containing the platinum-based catalyst are plump (fig. 3, a).
The preservation rate of bananas in the storage box containing the platinum-based catalyst is 83%, and the preservation rate of bananas in the storage box without the platinum-based catalyst is 16%, namely the platinum-based catalyst can effectively prolong the preservation period of crystal pears under the same condition.
Example 7
The prepared peel has basically consistent color and luster, 4kg of carrot without collision damage, 2kg of carrot is respectively placed in a storage box containing the platinum-based catalyst prepared in example 2 and a storage box without the platinum-based catalyst, and the storage box is left at room temperature for 5 days for observation.
The carrot in the storage box containing the platinum-based catalyst is rotten by 50%, and the carrot in the storage box not containing the platinum-based catalyst is rotten by 100%, namely the platinum-based catalyst can effectively prolong the fresh-keeping period of the carrot under the same condition.
Example 8
8kg of peach with basically consistent color and luster and no collision damage is prepared, 4kg of peach is respectively placed in a storage box containing the platinum-based catalyst prepared in the example 2 and a storage box containing no platinum-based catalyst, and the peach is placed at room temperature for 14 days for observation.
The fresh peach fruit rate in the storage box containing the platinum-based catalyst is 50%, and 100% of peach fruits in the storage box without the platinum-based catalyst are rotted, namely under the same condition, the platinum-based catalyst can effectively prolong the fresh-keeping period of peach fruits.
Claims (6)
1. The application of the platinum-based metal catalyst in fruit and vegetable fresh-keeping is characterized in that the carrier is loaded with metal platinum and manganese; wherein the content of the metal platinum is 0.05-1.00 wt%, and the content of the metal manganese is 0.1-1.0 wt%; the carrier is silicon dioxide, aluminum oxide-silicon oxide, active carbon or molecular sieve.
2. The use according to claim 1, wherein the platinum nanoparticles have a particle size of 1-2 nm.
3. The use of claim 1, wherein the catalyst is prepared by a process comprising the steps of:
(1) Adding chloroplatinic acid or chloroplatinic acid salt and manganese salt into water to prepare a solution, dispersing uniformly, adding the prepared solution into a carrier, grinding and drying in vacuum; wherein the volume of water is the saturated adsorbed water volume of the carrier;
(2) And (3) reducing the product in the step (1) for 2-4 hours at the temperature of 250-450 ℃ in the atmosphere of hydrogen and inert gas to obtain the platinum-based metal catalyst.
4. Use according to claim 3, wherein the manganese salt is manganous nitrate, manganous chloride or manganous acetate.
5. The use according to claim 3, wherein the chloroplatinic acid salt is H 2 PtCl 6 Or Na (or) 2 PtCl 6 •6H 2 O。
6. The use according to claim 3, wherein the vacuum drying is carried out at a temperature of 25-50 ℃ for a time of 4-10 hours.
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