CN115155310B - SCR denitration system ammonia spraying accurate optimization method - Google Patents
SCR denitration system ammonia spraying accurate optimization method Download PDFInfo
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- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 94
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 52
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 47
- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 21
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 17
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 73
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 72
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 41
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 claims description 43
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 23
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000003546 flue gas Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000000779 smoke Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000012937 correction Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000001684 chronic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000001052 transient effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000000738 capillary electrophoresis-mass spectrometry Methods 0.000 claims 2
- 238000010531 catalytic reduction reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen oxide Inorganic materials O=[N] MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 403
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001595 flow curve Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002068 genetic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013528 artificial neural network Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001174 ascending effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012512 characterization method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003111 delayed effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000691 measurement method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000035484 reaction time Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012706 support-vector machine Methods 0.000 description 1
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/74—General processes for purification of waste gases; Apparatus or devices specially adapted therefor
- B01D53/86—Catalytic processes
- B01D53/90—Injecting reactants
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/74—General processes for purification of waste gases; Apparatus or devices specially adapted therefor
- B01D53/86—Catalytic processes
- B01D53/8621—Removing nitrogen compounds
- B01D53/8625—Nitrogen oxides
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/74—General processes for purification of waste gases; Apparatus or devices specially adapted therefor
- B01D53/86—Catalytic processes
- B01D53/8696—Controlling the catalytic process
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2257/00—Components to be removed
- B01D2257/40—Nitrogen compounds
- B01D2257/404—Nitrogen oxides other than dinitrogen oxide
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2258/00—Sources of waste gases
- B01D2258/02—Other waste gases
- B01D2258/0283—Flue gases
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Abstract
The invention discloses an ammonia spraying accurate optimization method for an SCR denitration system. According to the invention, the delay time of the measurement of the concentration of NOx is measured through a test, the response time of the NOx during the adjustment of wind and coal is measured through the test, and the key characteristic data influencing the concentration of NOx and the operation data in a full adjustable range are obtained through a full-load working condition orthogonal test. Correcting the measuring time of the NOx concentration of the DCS system, constructing a data variable representing the running dynamic characteristic of the boiler, and constructing a data variable representing the reference of the NOx generation concentration; and constructing a data structure capable of predicting the concentration of combustion NOx under the dynamic working condition of the boiler in real time by combining the boiler operation history data, and establishing a combustion NOx concentration soft measurement model, wherein the combustion NOx concentration soft measurement model is advanced by about one delay time compared with a NOx concentration measurement system. DCS control logic is modified through a NOx concentration bias method, and SCR (selective catalytic reduction) accurate ammonia injection is realized. The invention solves the problem of control delay of the denitration system, realizes real-time accurate control of the ammonia injection system, improves the instantaneous exceeding of NOx concentration, and prolongs the service life of the ammonia injection valve.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of flue gas denitration of coal-fired power plants, and particularly relates to an ammonia spraying accurate optimization method of an SCR denitration system.
Background
Coal-fired power plants widely employ Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) technology to reduce the emission concentration of nitrogen oxides (NOx) in flue gas. The SCR denitration system reduces NOx in the flue gas by spraying ammonia, so that the ammonia spraying amount is matched with the concentration of NOx in the flue gas and the target control NOx concentration. Because the denitration reaction has a certain reaction time and the concentration of NOx at the SCR inlet has a certain amplitude of fluctuation, the current power plant mainly adopts a control mode of PID+feedforward+feedback to control the ammonia injection amount, and the concentration of the NOx at the SCR inlet is taken as the feedforward amount and the concentration of the NOx at the SCR outlet is taken as the feedback amount. For NOx concentration measurement, CEMS (continuous flue gas monitoring system) basically adopts a method of sampling and analyzing by pumping, and the distance from an SCR inlet flue to a CEMS analyzer is usually long, which can cause delay of pumping time for a period of tens of seconds or even minutes in the measured NOx concentration, so that the SCR measurement control process has a problem of large delay. When the system can not timely detect the change of the concentration of the NOx at the SCR inlet, the conventional control mode is easy to cause the condition that the concentration of the NOx at the SCR outlet instantaneously fluctuates greatly due to untimely reaction of the NOx at the SCR inlet, and a large amount of burrs or noise appear on the ammonia injection flow curve and the NOx emission curve. In order to ensure that the NOx emission is not out of standard, the power plant can only set the NOx emission control target value far below the standard target value, and the excessive denitration efficiency and the instantaneous excessive ammonia injection have great adverse effects on the safety of the operation of the boiler.
The SCR inlet is a high-temperature high-dust flue gas environment, and flue gas components such as NOx are difficult to directly measure like temperature, so that the problem of delay of NOx concentration measurement is difficult to solve by a direct measurement means at present, and the real-time prediction of the NOx concentration by a soft measurement method is a relatively acceptable means. The process of generating boiler combustion NOx (theoretically, SCR inlet NOx, a model soft measurement or actual value is defined herein as combustion NOx, and CEMS measured value is defined as SCR inlet NOx) is commonly affected by a plurality of variables, and these variables have strong coupling at the same time, so that soft measurement of the generated amount of combustion NOx during dynamic operation of the boiler is particularly difficult. Most of the current researches are based on a prediction model of the emission amount of combustion NOx under steady-state working conditions, and rarely relate to the situation of variable working conditions, wherein the variable working conditions are usually when the fluctuation of the combustion NOx is large, and the variable working conditions are just the normal state of the boiler operation. Although literature mentions the problem of CEMS measurement delay at present, effective solving measures are difficult to see, and the key difficulty is that how to realize the combustion NOx curve of soft measurement under the dynamic working condition of the boiler has reliable accuracy, follow-up performance, real-time performance and stability.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides an ammonia injection accurate optimization method of an SCR denitration system, which establishes a soft measurement model for accurately predicting the concentration of combustion NOx under a dynamic working condition in real time through a more scientific data structure, solves the time delay problem existing in measuring the concentration of NOx at an SCR inlet by CEMS, realizes the real-time accurate control of an ammonia injection system, and plays an important role in improving the instantaneous exceeding of the concentration of NOx, prolonging the service life of an ammonia injection valve and improving the operation safety and stability of the whole system. The method considers the delay time of CEMS measurement, the dynamic characteristic characterization of a boiler, the standard of the concentration of NOx in the static and slowly-varying states of the boiler and the like, establishes a real-time soft measurement model of the concentration of combustion NOx under the dynamic working condition, and obtains the concentration of the NOx at the inlet of the SCR by about one delay time in advance of a CEMS system. The difference value between the combustion NOx concentration soft measurement value and the CEMS measured value is used as a bias quantity and added into the feedforward logic of the SCR ammonia injection control system, so that the minimum change of the original logic of the DCS and the simplest switching and reliable operation of the optimization system are realized.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the technical scheme provided by the invention is as follows:
an ammonia spraying accurate optimization method of an SCR denitration system comprises the following steps:
Step 1: testing and determining the delay time of the concentration measurement of the NOx at the inlet of the SCR; measuring the response time of the concentration of NOx during the adjustment of the air quantity, the coal quantity and the like by a test; carrying out an orthogonal test of key regulating equipment and a fully-adjustable load range for influencing the concentration of NOx to obtain operating data of the fully-adjustable range;
Step 2: correcting the delay time of the SCR inlet NOx concentration measured value of the DCS system; constructing a data variable representing the running dynamic characteristic of the boiler; constructing a data variable representing a combustion NOx concentration reference; combining boiler operation real-time parameter variables influencing the generation of NOx concentration to construct a soft measurement model data structure for predicting the combustion NOx concentration under the dynamic working condition of the boiler in real time;
Step 3: according to the data structure of the soft measurement model, collecting boiler operation history data, and establishing a soft measurement model capable of predicting combustion NOx concentration under dynamic working conditions by using a prediction algorithm and an optimization algorithm;
Step 4: an external server which is interacted with the real-time data of the DCS system is built, and the real-time soft measurement of the combustion NOx concentration is carried out according to the real-time operation data of the boiler, namely, the NOx concentration at an inlet of the SCR is advanced by about a delay time; calculating the difference value between the concentration of combustion NOx and the concentration of SCR inlet NOx, namely NOx concentration offset value, and sending the NOx concentration offset value into a DCS (distributed control system), thereby solving the problem that the DCS cannot perform complex calculation;
step 5: in the ammonia injection control logic of the DCS system, the NOx concentration of the feed-forward variable SCR inlet is added with the NOx concentration offset value, so that the SCR accurate ammonia injection is realized.
Further, the step 1 is to test the delay time of the concentration of NOx at the inlet of the SCR, and the specific implementation is as follows:
Firstly, in the process of adjusting the working condition of a boiler to change the concentration of NOx at an SCR inlet, continuously measuring the same NOx measuring point position at the SCR inlet by using a portable flue gas analyzer; secondly, correcting the measurement delay time of the portable flue gas analyzer measurement system to obtain an actual NOx concentration curve in the flue gas in a time period T, and obtaining a NOx concentration curve of an SCR inlet in the same time period T in a DCS; and finally, calculating the correlation coefficients of the two NOx concentration curves by using a correlation coefficient analysis method, gradually advancing the SCR inlet NOx by using an iteration method, and calculating the correlation coefficients of the two NOx concentration curves.
Further, the step 1 is to test the delay time of the concentration of NOx at the inlet of the SCR, and the specific implementation is as follows:
(1) Let it be assumed that the time t, t=0, 1,2,3, the contents of k, k is the estimated maximum possible delay time in s;
(2) Advancing the NOx concentration curve of the SCR inlet by t, and calculating a correlation coefficient of the NOx concentration curve of the advanced SCR inlet and the actual NOx concentration curve;
(3) Drawing a correlation coefficient-time t curve;
(4) The time t corresponding to the peak point of the correlation coefficient-time t curve is the delay time t c of the measurement of the CEMS measurement system.
Further, the portable smoke analyzer measuring system measures delay time by itself, namely the measuring delay time of the portable smoke analyzer measuring system comprising a sampling gun and a pipeline; the measuring system is connected with the NO standard gas cylinder, the valve of the standard gas cylinder is opened until the indication number on the smoke analyzer is basically stable along with the time change, and the time from the opening of the valve to the approach of the indication number of the smoke analyzer to the stability is the self-measuring delay time of the portable smoke analyzer measuring system.
Further, the response time of the concentration of NOx in the step 1 is tested and measured when the air quantity and the coal quantity are regulated, and the specific implementation is as follows:
The change of the air quantity and the coal quantity of the boiler corresponds to the change of the oxygen quantity, the air distribution mode and the load of a hearth, has stronger positive correlation with the generation of NOx, and has certain delay when a working condition change instruction is issued, the change of the coal quantity is reached, the air quantity is changed when the hearth burns, and the change of the NOx generated by burning is changed from the hearth to the position of a measuring point of a flue to an SCR inlet, wherein the delay time is the response time of the concentration of NOx; drawing a correlation coefficient-time t curve from the actual NOx concentration and the air quantity in the air quantity adjusting process by a correlation coefficient analysis method; drawing a correlation coefficient-time t curve of the actual NOx concentration and the coal quantity in the coal quantity adjusting process; and taking the time corresponding to the peak point on the correlation coefficient-time t curve as the response time of the concentration of NOx during the adjustment of the air quantity and the coal quantity.
Further, in the step 1, an orthogonal test of key regulation and control equipment affecting the concentration of NOx and a full adjustable range of load is carried out, and the specific implementation is as follows:
In the conventional operation mode of the boiler, all factors influencing the generation of NOx can not necessarily reach the adjustment of the maximum amplitude, in particular to the combined adjustment; therefore, the orthogonal combination of the maximum adjustable range of the parameters of the load, each air door of the combustor, the baffle plate of the separator of the coal mill, the wind-coal ratio and the over-fire air ratio is carried out by adopting an orthogonal test method, so that the operation data of the maximum adjustable range is obtained, and more comprehensive data support is provided for optimizing the optimizing point.
Further, in the step 2, correction of the NOx concentration measurement time of the DCS system is specifically implemented as follows:
Because the CEMS measurement system has delay, the measured value of the NOx concentration in the DCS at the current moment is actually the NOx concentration in the flue before the delay time t c, so that the NOx concentration of the SCR inlet collected from the DCS is moved forward by t c time, and the accurate correspondence of the NOx concentration of the SCR inlet and the operation condition is realized.
Further, in the step 2, a data variable representing the running dynamic characteristic of the boiler is constructed, and a data variable representing the reference of the NOx generation concentration is constructed, specifically realized as follows:
In the step 2, data variables representing the running dynamic characteristics of the boiler are constructed, the response time of NOx concentration is regulated according to the measured air quantity and coal quantity, the data of the boiler load, the opening of each air door of a combustor, the baffle of each coal mill separator, the coal feeding quantity of each coal mill, the primary air quantity, the air-coal ratio and the over-fire air rate at the past moment are used as parameters of an input end of a soft measurement model to represent the amplitude and the speed condition of a variable working condition, namely the dynamic change process of key parameters affecting the NOx concentration change, and the combustion NOx soft measurement under the dynamic working condition is realized;
In the step 2, a data variable representing a reference of NOx generation concentration is constructed, the NOx concentration of the SCR inlet at the current moment is taken as an input variable, namely, the actual NOx concentration at the moment before 1 delay time t c of the NOx concentration of the SCR inlet is taken as the input variable, so that the inherent or dynamic chronic influence of the working condition parameters including non-transient change of coal types, equipment or weather on the NOx concentration is corrected; soft-measuring NOx concentration on this reference can closely follow the measured NOx concentration;
taking the NOx concentration response time as a reference, taking one or more n times of NOx concentration response time as the past time, and unifying the response time of the variables of the boiler load, the separator baffle of the coal mill and the coal feeding amount of the coal mill into the NOx concentration response time of the coal feeding amount change for simplifying the workload; the response time of the variables of the primary air quantity, the burner air door, the air-coal ratio and the over-fire air rate of the coal mill is unified to be the response time of the concentration of NOx of the air quantity change.
Further, in the step 2, a soft measurement model data structure for predicting the generation concentration of combustion NOx under the dynamic working condition of the boiler in real time is constructed, and the method is concretely realized as follows:
Taking the actual NOx concentration after the correction of the NOx concentration measuring time of the DCS system as an output variable of a soft measuring model; and taking the data variable representing the dynamic characteristic of the boiler operation, the data variable representing the reference of the concentration of the generated NOx and the real-time parameter variable of the boiler operation affecting the generation of the NOx as input variables of a soft measurement model.
Furthermore, in the step 5, on the ammonia injection control logic of the DCS system, the original feed-forward variable SCR inlet NOx concentration is added with the NOx concentration offset value, so that the minimum change on the original ammonia injection control logic of the DCS system and the simplest switching of the optimized system are realized.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:
(1) The delay time is low. Because the CEMS system measures the concentration of SCR inlet NOx for a long time, the ammonia injection amount cannot track the change of the working condition in real time. According to the invention, the delay time of the CEMS measuring system is obtained through experimental measurement, the SCR inlet NOx concentration measuring time of the DCS system is corrected according to the delay time, and the actual NOx concentration is obtained by being advanced by about one delay time compared with the CEMS system. Practical application shows that the delay time of the NOx concentration signal fed forward by the DCS is reduced from original about 1 minute to less than 10 seconds, and the ammonia injection flow curve and the NOx emission concentration curve after operation are remarkably stable compared with those before operation.
(2) The adjusting range is wide. At present, most of research on ammonia injection optimization is based on a NOx concentration prediction model under a steady-state working condition, and the condition of a variable working condition is rarely related to, but the variable working condition is usually when NOx fluctuation is large, and the variable working condition is just a normal state of boiler operation. The invention establishes a data structure capable of reflecting the dynamic working condition of the actual boiler based on the test result, and acquires relatively comprehensive boiler operation history data by combining AGC dynamic operation based on the orthogonal test of key regulating equipment affecting the concentration of NOx and the full adjustable range of load, thereby finally enabling the model to be normally regulated under the dynamic working condition and having wide regulating range.
(3) The prediction accuracy is high. The invention predicts based on the SCR inlet NOx concentration at the previous moment, can correct the inherent or dynamic chronic influence of non-transient change working condition parameters such as coal type or equipment, and the predicted NOx concentration on the reference can closely follow the actual NOx concentration, so that the soft-measured NOx concentration can closely follow the change of the actual NOx concentration in trend or numerical value.
(4) The transformation amount is small. The conventional thinking is to replace the measured value with the soft measured value to carry out DCS logic transformation, and the difference value between the soft measured value of the NOx concentration and the CEMS measured value is taken as the offset and added into the feedforward logic of the SCR ammonia injection control system, so that on one hand, the instantaneous change of the NOx concentration at the SCR inlet in the soft measurement process is prevented, on the other hand, the complexity of the control system is prevented from being increased due to the fact that the ammonia injection logic is greatly modified, and only one offset calculation is added into the feedforward signal of the original ammonia injection control logic, so that the minimum modification of the original logic of the DCS and the simplest switching of the optimized system are realized.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of an ammonia spraying accurate optimizing system and method for an SCR denitration system.
FIG. 2 is a flow chart of the correlation coefficient analysis method for determining delay time according to the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of an application logic of an SCR denitration system ammonia injection precision optimizing system and method provided by the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
As shown in fig. 1, an ammonia spraying accurate optimization method for an SCR denitration system comprises the following steps:
Step 1: testing and determining the delay time of the concentration measurement of the NOx at the inlet of the SCR; measuring the response time of the concentration of NOx when the variables such as the air quantity, the coal quantity and the like are regulated by a test; and designing a key regulation and control device for influencing the concentration of NOx and an orthogonal test of a fully-adjustable range of the load, and obtaining the operating data of the fully-adjustable range.
The test results provide data conforming to the actual equipment characteristics and relational support for establishing a data structure of a more reasonable and effective combustion NOx concentration soft measurement model.
Step 2: performing delay time correction on the SCR inlet NOx concentration measured value of the DCS system; constructing a data variable representing the running dynamic characteristic of the boiler; data variables characterizing combustion NOx concentration references are constructed.
And further combining with boiler operation real-time parameter variables influencing the generation of NOx to construct a soft measurement model data structure for predicting the concentration of combustion NOx under the dynamic working condition of the boiler in real time.
Step 3: according to the soft measurement model data structure, boiler operation history data (including steady state and dynamic working condition data during orthogonal test and dynamic working condition data of other partial time periods) are collected, and a soft measurement model capable of predicting combustion NOx concentration under the dynamic working condition is established by using a prediction algorithm and an optimization algorithm.
Step 4: an external server which is interacted with real-time data of the DCS system is built, the concentration of burning NOx is measured in real time in a soft mode according to real-time operation data of the boiler (the concentration of the burning NOx is advanced by about a delay time compared with the concentration of the NOx at an SCR inlet), the difference value between the concentration of the burning NOx and the concentration of the NOx at the SCR inlet, namely a NOx concentration offset value, is calculated, and the difference value is sent into the DCS system.
Step 5: in the ammonia injection control logic of the DCS system, the NOx concentration of the feed-forward variable SCR inlet is added with the NOx concentration offset value, so that the SCR accurate ammonia injection is realized.
Further, the key regulation device refers to a key device for influencing the concentration of NOx.
Further, the step 1 is to test and determine the delay time of the NOx concentration of the SCR inlet, and in the process of changing the NOx concentration of the SCR inlet by adjusting the working condition of the boiler, a portable flue gas analyzer is used for continuously measuring the NOx measuring point at the position of the same NOx measuring point at the SCR inlet. And correcting the measurement delay time of the portable flue gas analyzer measurement system to obtain an actual NOx concentration curve in the flue gas in the time period T, and obtaining a NOx concentration curve of an SCR inlet in the same time period T in the DCS. Calculating correlation coefficients of two NOx concentration curves by using a correlation coefficient analysis method (the invention prefers the spearman correlation coefficient and can also use other correlation coefficients), gradually advancing the SCR inlet NOx by using an iteration method and calculating the correlation coefficients of the two NOx concentration curves; the calculation process is shown in fig. 2, and specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) Let it be assumed that the time t, t=0, 1,2,3, the contents of k, k is the estimated maximum possible delay time in s;
(2) Advancing the NOx concentration curve of the SCR inlet by t, and calculating a correlation coefficient of the NOx concentration curve of the advanced SCR inlet and the actual NOx concentration curve;
(3) Drawing a correlation coefficient-time t curve;
(4) The time t corresponding to the peak point of the correlation coefficient-time t curve is the measurement delay time t c of the CEMS measurement system.
The calculation formula of the spearman correlation coefficient is as follows:
Since the links between variables are insignificant in practical applications, the calculation can be simplified as:
Where ρ s is the spearman correlation coefficient, n is the number of data, and d i is the difference between the two data orders:
di＝rg(Xi)-rg(Yi) (3)
Wherein rg (X i) and rg (Y i) respectively represent positions of the i-th data in the original arrangement after the two columns of data are arranged in ascending order (descending order). The two columns of data in the present invention are the SCR inlet NOx concentration profile and the actual NOx concentration profile.
Further, the portable smoke analyzer measuring system measures the delay time by itself, which means the delay time of the portable smoke analyzer measuring system including a sampling gun and a pipeline. The measuring system is connected with the NO standard gas cylinder, the valve of the standard gas cylinder is opened until the indication number on the smoke analyzer is basically stable along with the time change, and the time from the opening of the valve to the approach of the indication number of the smoke analyzer to the stability is the self-measuring delay time of the portable smoke analyzer measuring system.
Further, the NOx concentration response time is tested and measured in the step 1 when the variables such as the air quantity, the coal quantity and the like are adjusted, the air quantity and the coal quantity of the boiler correspond to the changes of the oxygen quantity, the air distribution mode, the load and the like of the hearth, the positive correlation is strong with the generation of NOx, a certain delay is realized from the change instruction of the working condition to the change of the coal quantity, the change of the air quantity when the hearth burns, and the change of the NOx generated by burning from the hearth to the position of the measuring point of the flue to the SCR inlet, and the delay time is the NOx concentration response time. The correlation coefficient analysis method is used for drawing a correlation coefficient-time t curve between the actual NOx concentration (after the SCR inlet NOx concentration is subjected to delay time correction) in the air quantity adjustment process and the air quantity; drawing a correlation coefficient-time t curve of the actual NOx concentration and the coal quantity in the coal quantity adjusting process; and taking the time corresponding to the peak point on the correlation coefficient-time t curve as the response time of the concentration of NOx during the adjustment of the air quantity and the coal quantity.
The drawing of the correlation coefficient-time t curve of the actual NOx concentration and the air quantity in the air quantity adjusting process is specifically realized as follows:
(1) Assuming that the air volume response time t1, t1=0, 1,2,3, & gtk 1, k1 is the estimated maximum possible response time in s;
(2) Advancing the actual NOx concentration curve by t1, and calculating the correlation coefficient of the advanced actual NOx concentration curve and the air volume curve;
(3) Drawing a correlation coefficient-time t curve of the actual NOx concentration and the air quantity in the air quantity adjusting process;
(4) And the time t corresponding to the peak point of the correlation coefficient-time t curve is the response time of the concentration of NOx during air volume adjustment.
The correlation coefficient-time t curve of the actual NOx concentration and the coal quantity in the coal quantity adjusting process is drawn as follows:
(1) Assuming that the coal quantity response time t2 is adjusted, t2=0, 1,2,3, the content of k2, k2 is the estimated maximum possible response time in s;
(2) Advancing the actual NOx concentration curve by t2, and calculating a correlation coefficient of the advanced actual NOx concentration curve and the coal quantity curve;
(3) Drawing a correlation coefficient-time t curve of actual NOx concentration and air quantity in the coal quantity adjusting process;
(4) The time t corresponding to the peak point of the correlation coefficient-time t curve is the response time of the concentration of NOx during the adjustment of the coal quantity.
Further, in the step 1, the key adjusting and controlling device for influencing the concentration of NOx and the orthogonal test for the full adjustable range of the load are designed, and in the conventional operation mode of the boiler, all factors influencing the generation of NOx can not reach the adjustment of the maximum amplitude, especially the combination adjustment, so that the orthogonal test method is adopted to carry out the orthogonal combination of the maximum adjustable range on the parameters of the load, each air door of the burner, the baffle plate of the separator of the coal mill, the wind-coal ratio, the over-fire air ratio and the like, thereby obtaining the operation data of the maximum adjustable range and providing more comprehensive data support for optimizing the optimizing point.
Further, in the step 2, the NOx concentration measurement time of the DCS system is corrected, and the CEMS measurement system is delayed, so that the NOx concentration measurement value in the DCS system at the current moment is actually the NOx concentration in the flue before the delay time t c, so that the NOx concentration of the SCR inlet collected from the DCS system is advanced by t c time, and the accurate correspondence between the NOx concentration of the SCR inlet and the operating condition is realized.
Further, in the step 2, a data variable representing the running dynamic characteristic of the boiler is constructed, the response time of the concentration of NOx is adjusted according to the measured air quantity, the measured coal quantity and the like, the data of the boiler load, the opening degree of each air door of the burner, the baffle plate of each coal mill separator, the coal feeding quantity of each coal mill, the primary air quantity of each coal mill, the air-coal ratio, the overfire air rate and other variables at the past moment are used as the input end parameters of a soft measurement model to represent the amplitude and the speed condition of the variable working condition, namely the dynamic change process of the key parameters affecting the change of the concentration of NOx is represented, and the soft measurement of the combustion NOx under the dynamic working condition is realized.
The data of the past moment takes the NOx concentration response time as a reference, takes one or more n times of the NOx concentration response time as the past moment, and takes the value of n as 1-5. In order to simplify the workload, the response time of variables such as boiler load, a separator baffle of a coal mill, coal feeding quantity of the coal mill and the like can be unified to be the NOx concentration response time of the coal quantity, the response time of variables such as primary air quantity of the coal mill, a burner air door, an air-coal ratio, an over-fire air rate and the like can be unified to be the NOx concentration response time of the air quantity change, and the NOx concentration response time of each variable change can be finely tested.
Further, in the step 2, a data variable representing the NOx generation concentration reference is constructed, and the SCR inlet NOx concentration at the current time (i.e. the actual NOx concentration before the 1 SCR inlet NOx concentration delay time t c) is taken as an input variable, so that the inherent or dynamic chronic influence of the non-transient variable working condition parameters such as coal type, equipment or weather on the NOx concentration can be corrected. Soft-measuring the NOx concentration on this reference can closely follow the measured NOx concentration.
And 2, constructing a soft measurement model data structure for predicting the generation concentration of combustion NOx under the dynamic working condition of the boiler in real time, and taking the actual NOx concentration after the correction of the NOx concentration measurement time of the DCS system as an output variable of the soft measurement model. And taking the data variable representing the dynamic characteristic of the boiler operation, the data variable representing the reference of the concentration of the generated NOx and the real-time parameter variable of the boiler operation affecting the generation of the NOx as input variables of a soft measurement model.
Further, the boiler operation history data in the step 3 includes the orthogonal test data of the key regulation and control equipment and the load fully adjustable range affecting the concentration of NOx and the full load working condition operation data in the AGC state.
In the step 3, a soft measurement model capable of predicting the concentration of the combustion NOx under a dynamic working condition is established by using a prediction algorithm and an optimization algorithm, the soft measurement model of the concentration of the combustion NOx is established by using a neural network, a support vector machine, XGBoost and other prediction algorithms, key parameters of the prediction algorithm are optimized by using a genetic algorithm and other optimization algorithms in the modeling process, and the overall modeling process is basically consistent with the conventional related literature. The invention is practically applied to XGBoost + genetic algorithm.
And 4, an external server which interacts with the DCS data is built, the external server communicates with the DCS through RS485, and the server reads boiler operation condition parameters required by the soft measurement model in the DCS in real time. The combustion NOx concentration (which is advanced by about a delay time from the SCR inlet NOx concentration) is measured and the difference between the combustion NOx concentration and the SCR inlet NOx concentration, i.e., the NOx concentration bias value, is calculated. Returns to the DCS system, thereby overcoming the problem that the DCS system cannot perform complex calculation.
As shown in fig. 3, in the step 5, the original feedforward variable SCR inlet NOx concentration is added with the NOx concentration offset value in the ammonia injection control logic of the DCS system. The bias value method is mainly used for preventing the instantaneous change of the concentration of the NOx at the SCR inlet in the soft measurement process, avoiding the complexity of a control system from being increased by greatly modifying the ammonia injection logic, and only adding a bias calculation in the feedforward signal of the original ammonia injection control logic to realize the minimum change of the original logic of the DCS and the simplest switching of an optimized system.
The foregoing is merely illustrative of the preferred embodiments of this invention, and it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that variations and modifications may be made without departing from the principles of the invention, and such variations and modifications are to be regarded as being within the scope of the invention.
Claims (8)
1. An ammonia spraying accurate optimization method for an SCR denitration system is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
Step 1: testing and determining the delay time of the concentration measurement of the NOx at the inlet of the SCR; measuring the response time of the concentration of NOx during the adjustment of the air quantity and the coal quantity by a test; carrying out an orthogonal test of key regulating equipment and a fully-adjustable load range for influencing the concentration of NOx to obtain operating data of the fully-adjustable range;
Step 2: correcting the delay time of the SCR inlet NOx concentration measured value of the DCS system; constructing a data variable representing the running dynamic characteristic of the boiler; constructing a data variable representing a combustion NOx concentration reference; combining boiler operation real-time parameter variables influencing the generation of NOx concentration to construct a soft measurement model data structure for predicting the combustion NOx concentration under the dynamic working condition of the boiler in real time;
Step 3: according to the data structure of the soft measurement model, collecting boiler operation history data, and establishing a soft measurement model capable of predicting combustion NOx concentration under dynamic working conditions by using a prediction algorithm and an optimization algorithm;
Step 4: an external server which is interacted with the real-time data of the DCS system is built, and the real-time soft measurement of the combustion NOx concentration is carried out according to the real-time operation data of the boiler, namely, the NOx concentration at an SCR inlet is advanced by a delay time; calculating the difference value between the concentration of combustion NOx and the concentration of SCR inlet NOx, namely NOx concentration offset value, and sending the NOx concentration offset value into a DCS (distributed control system), thereby solving the problem that the DCS cannot perform complex calculation;
Step 5: in the ammonia injection control logic of the DCS system, the NOx concentration of the feed-forward variable SCR inlet is added with the NOx concentration offset value, so that SCR accurate ammonia injection is realized;
In the step 1, the delay time of the concentration of NOx at the inlet of the SCR is tested and measured, and the method is concretely realized as follows:
Firstly, in the process of adjusting the working condition of a boiler to change the concentration of NOx at an SCR inlet, continuously measuring the same NOx measuring point position at the SCR inlet by using a portable flue gas analyzer; secondly, correcting the measurement delay time of the portable flue gas analyzer measurement system to obtain an actual NOx concentration curve in the flue gas in a time period T, and obtaining a NOx concentration curve of an SCR inlet in the same time period T in a DCS; finally, calculating correlation coefficients of the two NOx concentration curves by using a correlation coefficient analysis method, gradually advancing the SCR inlet NOx by using an iteration method, and calculating the correlation coefficients of the two NOx concentration curves;
In the step 1, the delay time of the concentration of NOx at the inlet of the SCR is tested and measured, and the method is concretely realized as follows:
(1) Let it be assumed that the time t, t=0, 1,2,3, the contents of k, k is the estimated maximum possible delay time in s;
(2) Advancing the NOx concentration curve of the SCR inlet by t, and calculating a correlation coefficient of the NOx concentration curve of the advanced SCR inlet and the actual NOx concentration curve;
(3) Drawing a correlation coefficient-time t curve;
(4) The time t corresponding to the peak point of the correlation coefficient-time t curve is the delay time t c of the measurement of the CEMS measurement system.
2. The precise optimization method for ammonia spraying of the SCR denitration system according to claim 1 is characterized in that the measurement delay time of the portable flue gas analyzer measurement system is the measurement delay time of the portable flue gas analyzer measurement system comprising a sampling gun and a pipeline; the measuring system is connected with the NO standard gas cylinder, the valve of the standard gas cylinder is opened until the indication number on the smoke analyzer is basically stable along with the time change, and the time from the opening of the valve to the approach of the indication number of the smoke analyzer to the stability is the self-measuring delay time of the portable smoke analyzer measuring system.
3. The method for precisely optimizing ammonia spraying of the SCR denitration system according to claim 1 is characterized in that the response time of NOx concentration during air quantity and coal quantity adjustment is tested and measured in the step1, and the method is specifically realized as follows:
The change of the air quantity and the coal quantity of the boiler corresponds to the change of the oxygen quantity, the air distribution mode and the load of a hearth, has stronger positive correlation with the generation of NOx, and has certain delay when a working condition change instruction is issued, the change of the coal quantity is reached, the air quantity is changed when the hearth burns, and the change of the NOx generated by burning is changed from the hearth to the position of a measuring point of a flue to an SCR inlet, wherein the delay time is the response time of the concentration of NOx; drawing a correlation coefficient-time t curve from the actual NOx concentration and the air quantity in the air quantity adjusting process by a correlation coefficient analysis method; drawing a correlation coefficient-time t curve of the actual NOx concentration and the coal quantity in the coal quantity adjusting process; and taking the time corresponding to the peak point on the correlation coefficient-time t curve as the response time of the concentration of NOx during the adjustment of the air quantity and the coal quantity.
4. The precise optimization method for ammonia spraying of the SCR denitration system according to claim 3, wherein in the step 1, an orthogonal test of key regulation and control equipment affecting the concentration of NOx and a full adjustable range of load is carried out, and the specific implementation is as follows:
in the conventional operation mode of the boiler, all factors influencing the generation of NOx can not necessarily reach the adjustment of the maximum amplitude; therefore, the orthogonal combination of the maximum adjustable range of the parameters of the load, each air door of the combustor, the baffle plate of the separator of the coal mill, the wind-coal ratio and the over-fire air ratio is carried out by adopting an orthogonal test method, so that the operation data of the maximum adjustable range is obtained, and more comprehensive data support is provided for optimizing the optimizing point.
5. The precise optimization method for ammonia spraying of the SCR denitration system according to claim 4 is characterized in that in the step 2, the correction of the NOx concentration measuring time of the DCS system is specifically realized as follows:
Because the CEMS measurement system has delay, the measured value of the NOx concentration in the DCS at the current moment is actually the NOx concentration in the flue before the delay time t c, so that the NOx concentration of the SCR inlet collected from the DCS is moved forward by t c time, and the accurate correspondence of the NOx concentration of the SCR inlet and the operation condition is realized.
6. The precise optimization method for ammonia injection of the SCR denitration system according to claim 5 is characterized in that in the step2, a data variable representing the running dynamic characteristic of a boiler is constructed, a data variable representing a reference of NOx generation concentration is constructed, and the specific implementation is as follows:
In the step 2, data variables representing the running dynamic characteristics of the boiler are constructed, the response time of NOx concentration is regulated according to the measured air quantity and coal quantity, the data of the boiler load, the opening of each air door of a combustor, the baffle of each coal mill separator, the coal feeding quantity of each coal mill, the primary air quantity, the air-coal ratio and the over-fire air rate at the past moment are used as parameters of an input end of a soft measurement model to represent the amplitude and the speed condition of a variable working condition, namely the dynamic change process of key parameters affecting the NOx concentration change, and the combustion NOx soft measurement under the dynamic working condition is realized;
In the step 2, a data variable representing a reference of NOx generation concentration is constructed, the NOx concentration of the SCR inlet at the current moment is taken as an input variable, namely, the actual NOx concentration at the moment before 1 delay time t c of the NOx concentration of the SCR inlet is taken as the input variable, so that the inherent or dynamic chronic influence of the working condition parameters including non-transient change of coal types, equipment or weather on the NOx concentration is corrected; soft-measuring NOx concentration on this reference can closely follow the measured NOx concentration;
taking the NOx concentration response time as a reference, taking one or more n times of NOx concentration response time as the past time, and unifying the response time of the variables of the boiler load, the separator baffle of the coal mill and the coal feeding amount of the coal mill into the NOx concentration response time of the coal feeding amount change for simplifying the workload; the response time of the variables of the primary air quantity, the burner air door, the air-coal ratio and the over-fire air rate of the coal mill is unified to be the response time of the concentration of NOx of the air quantity change.
7. The precise optimization method for ammonia injection of the SCR denitration system according to claim 6 is characterized in that in the step 2, a soft measurement model data structure for predicting the generation concentration of combustion NOx under the dynamic working condition of a boiler in real time is constructed, and the method is specifically realized as follows:
Taking the actual NOx concentration after the correction of the NOx concentration measuring time of the DCS system as an output variable of a soft measuring model; and taking the data variable representing the dynamic characteristic of the boiler operation, the data variable representing the reference of the concentration of the generated NOx and the real-time parameter variable of the boiler operation affecting the generation of the NOx as input variables of a soft measurement model.
8. The method for precisely optimizing ammonia spraying of the SCR denitration system according to claim 7 is characterized in that in the step 5, in the ammonia spraying control logic of the DCS system, the original feed-forward variable SCR inlet NOx concentration is added with a NOx concentration offset value, so that the minimum change in the original ammonia spraying control logic of the DCS system and the simplest throwing and withdrawing of an optimization system are realized.
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