JPH08155267A - Denitration control device - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE: To provide a denitration control device enhanced and improved in controllability in consideration to the non-linear reaction characteristic of a denitration reaction process. CONSTITUTION: This denitration control device has a feedback control system and a feedforward control system and sends out an ammonia injection amt. command value Q39 to a denitration process part 18. A nonlinear compensation means 210 applying correction for compensating the non-linearity of a denitration reaction process to a nitrogen oxide generating amt. calculated value Q21 using a nitrogen oxide discharge amt. set value Q34 is provided to the feedforward control system.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to nitrogen oxides (NO _x ).
Ammonia (N
H ₃₎ relates to denitration controller giving ammonia injection amount command values for decomposing denitration process unit to inject nitrogen gas under the action of the catalyst (N) and water vapor (H 2 _O), the.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art FIG. 11 shows a combined cycle power generation plant as an example of a plant to which the present invention is applied, and this will be described first.

The combustor 1 is supplied with regulated fuel via a fuel regulating valve 2 and is also supplied with compressed air via a compressor 3, and the fuel is combusted in the combustor 1 so that a gas turbine 4 is produced. Is driven. The gas turbine 4 is connected to the generator 6 together with the steam turbine 5, and these devices constitute a combined cycle power generation plant. A condenser 7 is attached to the steam turbine 5.

The exhaust gas of the gas turbine 4 is introduced into the exhaust heat recovery boiler 8, the heat energy contained in the exhaust gas is recovered through the heat exchangers 9 and 10, and the exhaust gas after the heat recovery is passed through the chimney 11. It is discharged outside the system (for example, in the atmosphere). Although a large number of heat exchangers are arranged in the exhaust heat recovery boiler 8, only the heat exchangers 9 and 10 arranged at the inlet and the outlet are typically shown in the drawing.

In this type of power plant, the exhaust gas of the gas turbine 4 contains harmful nitrogen oxides (NO _x ) generated by combustion, and removal of this NO _x is an important technical problem. . NO _x contained in exhaust gas
The most general method of removing the nitrogen is a method of spraying NH ₃ into the exhaust gas, mixing it with NO _x, and reacting it on a catalyst to decompose it into harmless nitrogen gas (N) and water vapor (H ₂ O). . Therefore, the exhaust heat recovery boiler 8 is provided with an ammonia spray portion 12 and a catalyst portion 13 in the exhaust gas passage as a denitration process device. The ammonia spray unit 12 sprays the ammonia (NH ₃ ) supplied via the control valve 14 onto the exhaust gas reaching the catalyst unit 13. NO _x concentration analyzers 15 and 16 are arranged in front of and behind the catalyst unit 13, respectively, analyze and measure the NO _x concentration and send it to the denitration control device 20. The denitration control device 20 calculates an appropriate NH ₃ injection amount based on the input NO _x concentration, and adjusts the opening degree of the control valve 14 so as to achieve it.

Characteristics of denitration reaction process (1) The reaction between NH ₃ and NO _x is mainly the chemical reaction shown by the following formula, and NO _x (NO ₂ etc.) other than NO is decomposed into NO on the catalyst. After that, the reaction of the following formula occurs. 4NO + 4NH ₃ + O ₂ → 6H ₂ O + 4N ₂ (1)

The reaction does not occur 100% on the catalyst portion 13, and unreacted components of NO _x and NH ₃ are discharged outside the system while remaining. Generally, when the NH ₃ injection amount is increased, the unreacted residual NO _x amount is decreased and the unreacted NH ₃ amount is also increased. The reaction amount of this chemical reaction is the temperature of the exhaust gas, the flow rate,
It changes with changes in pressure / humidity and concentrations of NH ₃ and NO _x . That is, this type of process is generally a reaction system with a very strong nonlinearity.

Assuming that the ratio of NO _x decomposed by the denitration reaction is η (0 ≦ η ≦ 1), η can be expressed by the following equation. η = f (x ₁ , x ₂ , x ₃ , x ₄ , x ₅ , x ₆ ) (2) x ₁ : exhaust gas temperature x ₂ : exhaust gas flow rate x ₃ : exhaust gas pressure x ₄ : humidity in exhaust gas x ₅ : Flow rate of NH ₃ at the catalyst section inlet in the exhaust gas X ₆ : Flow rate of NO _x at the catalyst section inlet in the exhaust gas

Since the dominant ones of these parameters x _{1 to} x ₂ are the flow rates of NH ₃ and NO _x at the catalyst portion inlet in the exhaust gas, equation (2) is approximately expressed by equation (3). Can be expressed in In addition, although it is an approximate expression, the equal sign is used here for convenience. η = f (x ₅ , x ₆ ) (3)

The reaction rate can be expressed by the equation (4) when it is determined mainly by the ratio of the numbers of molecules of the parameters x ₅ and x ₆ , that is, the molar ratio. η = f (x ₅ / x ₆ ) (4)

Amount of NO _x decomposed by denitration reaction x
₇ is expressed as in equation (5). x ₇ = η × x ₆ (5)

Therefore, the unreacted residual NO _x amount x ₈ can be expressed by the equation (6). _{x 8 = (1-η)} × x 6 = {1-f (x 5 / x 6)} × x 6 (6)

From another point of view, the ratio of unreacted residual NO _x is (1-η), which can be expressed as in equation (7). (1-η) = g ( x 5 / x 6) = 1-f (x 5 / x 6) (7)

Therefore, the unreacted residual NO _x amount x ₈ can be expressed by the equation (8). _{x 8 = (1-η)} × x 6 = g (x 5 / x 6) × x 6 (8)

(2) The NO _x concentration and the NH ₃ concentration which are discharged without reacting are measured either or both as needed, but the detection time delay is extremely long due to the technical limitation of the detector. The reality is that it is large (tens of seconds to hundreds of seconds).

Conventional Control Method The conventional denitration control method is performed as described in Japanese Patent Publication No. 3-42930. Hereinafter, the flow rates of NO _x and NH ₃ , that is, the flow rates per unit time will be described, but the same explanation can be applied when the concentrations thereof are examined.

In a PID controller which is the mainstream of conventional control technology, that is, a controller which includes a proportional (P) operating element, an integral (I) operating element, and a differential (D) operating element, and creates an operation signal by a combination thereof. However, it is difficult to control a plant with a long dead time in a stable and responsive manner. For this reason, methods utilizing feedforward control have been tried. Described below as a conventional technique is a conventional method that has been put to practical use utilizing such feedforward control. Denitration control device 20 for implementing this method
0 is shown in FIG.

N generated by fuel combustion in the combustor 1
The O _x generation amount Q20 can be predicted to some extent from the fuel flow rate Q10 and the air flow rate Q11 of the gas turbine 4. Therefore, first, the NO _x generation amount calculation unit 201 predictively calculates the NO _x generation amount calculation value Q21 based on these physical quantities Q10 and Q11, and using this result, the first NH ₃ is supplied via the gain circuit 202 of the gain K _1. A feedforward signal (FF signal) Q22 corresponding to the injection amount command value is created and input to the first input terminal of the adder 203.

On the other hand, N per unit exhaust gas flow rate detected at the outlet side of the denitration process section 18 represented by the catalyst section 13
The O _x amount as concentration of NO _x Q31, which the exhaust gas flow rate Q
32 is obtained by the multiplier 204 and the unreacted residual NO _x amount Q
Get 33. The difference between the unreacted residual NO _x amount Q33 and the NO _x emission amount set value Q34 is obtained by the subtractor 205 to be the NO _x deviation Q35, which is set by the PID controller 206 to PI.
The D operation processing is performed to generate the feedback signal (FB signal) Q36 corresponding to the second NH ₃ injection amount command value, and the adder 2
It inputs to the 2nd input terminal of 03.

FF signal Q2 output from adder 203
A signal corresponding to the sum of 2 and the FB signal Q36 is sent to the denitration process unit 18 as the NH ₃ injection amount command value Q30.

In the denitration control device 20 of FIG. 12, N
NH The FF signal Q22 when the change of the O _x generation amount Q20
_{(3) The} denitration control performance is improved by changing the injection amount command value Q30 in advance. In addition, typically, the IGV provided in the air supply system for the combustor 1
When the NO _x generation amount Q20 changes due to the change of the exhaust gas flow rate Q32 caused by the change of the opening degree of the (inlet air control plate), the calculated NO _x generation amount Q21 changes, and as a result F
Since the F signal Q22 changes, its influence (exhaust gas flow rate Q
It is possible to suppress the influence when the NO _x generation amount Q20 changes due to the change of 32).

In the control device of this type, when the control deviation occurs only by the FF control, it cannot be canceled. Therefore, the FB control is conventionally performed by using the PID type controller 206. That is, the NO _x emission set value Q
34 and the unreacted residual NO _x amount Q33, the NO _x deviation Q35 is input to the PID controller 206, and a signal for eliminating the deviation is input to the FB signal Q36.
Is used for control.

The above is the conventional denitration control device, and if the instantaneous value of the unreacted residual NO _x amount Q33 decreases, the moving time average value also automatically decreases. Incidentally, conventionally since the particular regulations for emissions NH ₃ was not provided, it has not been particularly taken into account for the emission of unreacted NH _3.

[0024]

FIG. 13 shows a control response when the NO _x generation amount Q20 changes by the conventional control device.
In the conventional control device, the decomposition reaction of NO _x and NH ₃ always occurs at a constant rate, and the NO _x generation amount Q20 and NO
_This works well when the calculated _x generation amount Q21 can be calculated without causing an error. However, even if there is no error in the calculated NO _x generation amount Q21, how effectively the reaction actually occurs due to the non-linearity of the process behavior of the denitration process unit 18 depends largely on the operating state at each time. Since it fluctuates, the constant FF gain K ₁ of the gain circuit 202 cannot suppress the increase / decrease in the unreacted residual NO _x amount due to this characteristic change. For the amount that can not be suppressed, F by PID type controller 206
Only compensating by B signal Q36, but analyzer 1
Since the analysis time delay of the NO _x amount by 5 and 16 is large, it is difficult to perform the FB control with good performance by the PID type controller 206.

For example, in FIG. 13 (horizontal axis is time, vertical axis is flow rate [Nm ³ / h] respectively), (a) NO _x generation amount Q20 changes, (b) FF signal Q22 changes,
(C) The NH ₃ injection amount command value Q30 changes, and (d) the variation of the unreacted residual NO _x amount Q33 is suppressed. However, since the denitration reaction characteristic changes non-linearly with respect to the NO _x generation amount Q20 and the NH ₃ injection amount Q12, the FF signal Q22 is too large in the first half T _{1 in} FIG.
The O _x amount Q33 decreases too much and the FB control works, and in the second half T ₂ , the unreacted residual NO _x amount Q33 increases too much due to the FF signal Q22 being small and the synergistic effect with the FB signal Q36. You can see that.

When the exhaust gas flow rate Q32 changes, the influence is reflected in the FF signal Q22. However, unreacted residual N
Since the NO _x concentration analyzer 15 for obtaining the O _x amount Q33 has an analysis time delay, when the exhaust gas flow rate Q32 changes,
Even if the true amount of unreacted residual NO _x does not change,
The unreacted residual NO _x amount Q33 obtained in the control device fluctuates. It is not necessary to change the NH ₃ injection amount command value Q30 unless the true unreacted residual NO _x amount changes. However, when the exhaust gas flow rate Q32 changes, the apparent unreacted residual NO _x amount Q33 changes. The FB signal Q36 fluctuates, and as a result, the NH ₃ injection amount command value Q30 also fluctuates.
Thus, the unreacted residual NO _x amount Q33 further fluctuates because the NH ₃ injection amount command value Q30 fluctuates unnecessarily, and the response becomes oscillating, and the controllability deteriorates.

In this way, the FF signal Q22
When the controllability due to is not sufficient, the NO _x emission set value Q
There is a deviation between 33 and the unreacted residual NO _x amount Q33. In order to solve this, the PID type controller 206 is used in the prior art, but the PID type controller 206 cannot have a function of controlling both the set value tracking characteristic and the disturbance compensation characteristic simultaneously with high accuracy. That is, when the PID controller 206 is used, the performance of either the set value tracking characteristic or the disturbance compensation characteristic must be given up. Since the set values fluctuate during actual plant operation and deviations occur due to unknown disturbances, it is not possible to eliminate all deviations quickly and satisfactorily with the PID controller 206 alone.

Effect when the exhaust gas flow rate changes When the exhaust gas flow rate Q32 changes, the unreacted residual NO _x amount Q33
The mechanism of fluctuation will be explained. NO here
_x control is not performed, and NO _x generation amount Q20 and NH
_The change in the NO _x concentration Q31 and the unreacted residual NO _x amount Q33 when the injection amount Q12 does not change, that is, when only the exhaust gas flow rate Q32 changes will be described with reference to FIG.

Since the true NO _x concentration Q37 is (true NO _x concentration Q37) = (true unreacted residual NO _x amount Q38) / (exhaust gas flow rate Q32) (9), (a) exhaust gas flow rate Q32 Is increased stepwise, (b) the true NO _x concentration Q37 decreases at the same time as the exhaust gas flow rate Q32 increases, as shown by the alternate long and short dash line. However, since the NO _x concentration analyzers 15 and 16 have an analysis time delay, the NO _x concentration Q31 output from the analyzers 15 and 16 changes with a delay time τ as shown by the solid line. Unreacted residual NO _x amount Q used for calculation inside the controller
Since 33 is the product of the NO _x concentration Q31 and the exhaust gas flow rate Q32, it fluctuates as shown in the graph of FIG. True unreacted residual NO _x amount, that is, exhaust gas flow rate Q32 and true N
It is clear from FIG. 14 that the product with the O _x concentration Q37 does not change, but the unreacted residual NO _x amount Q33 temporarily increases and returns to the original state due to the delay of the NO _x concentration analyzer.

Next, FIG. 15 shows a response when only the exhaust gas flow rate Q32 changes while the NO _x control is being performed and the NO _x generation amount Q20 is constant. In this case, NO _x control is performed, so after the change of the exhaust gas flow rate Q32, NH
_{The 3-} injection amount Q12 varies depending on the control signal.

As shown in FIG. 15 (a), the exhaust gas flow rate Q3
When 2 increases stepwise, the true NO _x concentration Q37 decreases at the same time as shown by the alternate long and short dash line in FIG. On the other hand, the NO _x concentration Q31 is measured by the concentration analyzers 15 and 16
Fluctuates later than the change in the true NO _x concentration Q37. Thus, (c) the unreacted residual NO _x amount Q33 initially increases as shown by the solid line. Unreacted residual NO _x amount Q
33 increases and causes a deviation from the NO _x emission set value Q34, the NH ₃ injection amount command value Q30 changes due to the FB signal Q36, and (d) the NH ₃ injection amount Q12 changes as shown by the solid line. To do. When the NH ₃ injection amount Q12 changes,
Along with this, the true NO _x concentration Q37 changes, and the NO _x concentration Q31 and the unreacted residual NO _x amount Q33 also change.
For this reason, the unreacted residual NO _x amount Q33 fluctuates oscillatingly as shown by the solid line in FIG.

At this time, if there is no change in the NO _x generation amount Q20, the unreacted residual NO _x amount Q33 and the NO _x emission amount set value Q3 are finally obtained without changing the NH ₃ injection amount Q12.
Although the deviation should be eliminated in agreement with No. 4, the NH ₃ injection amount 12 fluctuates more than necessary due to the control configuration of the concentration analyzers 15 and 16 that does not consider the analysis time delay, and as a result, unreacted residue remains. The NO _x amount Q33 shows a vibrational response,
It is a cause of deterioration of control characteristics.

Such a problem is caused by constructing the control system without considering the nonlinear characteristic and dynamic characteristic of the denitration reaction process. That is, the conventional apparatus cannot suppress the influence of the non-linearity of the reaction.

When the exhaust gas flow rate Q32 changes, NH ₃
The injection amount command value Q30 changes unnecessarily and unreacted residual NO
_The reason why the _x quantity Q33 is changed is that the analysis time delay of the concentration analyzer is not taken into consideration.

By the way, when the actual plant is operated, the power generation output changes every moment due to the load demand of the system, and accordingly N
Generally, the amount of O _x generated Q20 also fluctuates. It is almost impossible to take measures for all driving modes in normal operation. Therefore, during operation of the plant, which cannot be considered, it is desirable to perform FB control by a controller that effectively suppresses the influence of unknown disturbance. However, the conventional denitration control device has not considered the configuration of the controller for unknown disturbance. For this reason, the effect of suppressing the influence of an unknown disturbance is weak.

The present invention has been made in consideration of the above-mentioned circumstances, and improves the controllability in consideration of the non-linear reaction characteristic of the denitration reaction process, and further increases the control deviation due to the change of the set value and the disturbance. An object of the present invention is to provide a denitration control device that can be eliminated accurately and quickly.

[0037]

In order to achieve the above-mentioned object, the invention according to claim 1 is to introduce ammonia into the combustion exhaust gas of a power plant containing nitrogen oxides to produce nitrogen gas and steam under the action of a catalyst. A denitration control device that gives an ammonia injection amount command value to the denitration process part that decomposes, and obtains a calculated amount of nitrogen oxides based on the fuel flow rate and air flow rate supplied to the combustor. Non-linear compensation that outputs a feed-forward amount by adding a correction to the calculation means and the calculated value of the amount of generated nitrogen oxides to compensate for the nonlinearity of the denitration reaction process in the denitration process part Means and control calculation to the deviation of the amount of unreacted residual nitrogen oxides contained in the exhaust gas on the outlet side of the denitration process part from the set value of the amount of nitrogen oxides discharged. Addition means for calculating the sum of the feed-forward quantity obtained by the non-linear compensation means and the feedback quantity obtained by the control calculation means, and sending it to the denitration plant as an ammonia injection quantity command value The gist is a denitration control device equipped with.

According to a second aspect of the present invention, an ammonia injection amount command value is supplied to the denitration process unit in which ammonia is injected into the combustion exhaust gas of a power plant containing nitrogen oxides and decomposed into nitrogen gas and steam under the action of a catalyst. Which is a denitration control device, which calculates the amount of nitrogen oxides generated based on the flow rate of fuel and the flow rate of air supplied to the combustor; The control calculation means for adding the control calculation to the deviation of the amount of unreacted residual nitrogen oxides contained in the set value of the nitrogen oxide discharge amount and outputting it as a feedback amount, and the calculated amount of nitrogen oxides output from the control calculation means The feedback amount is used to add compensation to compensate for the non-linearity of the denitration reaction process in the denitration process section, and ammonia injection to the denitration plant is performed. The denitration controller having a nonlinear compensating means for delivering a quantity command value is for the subject matter.

According to a third aspect of the present invention, in the denitration control device according to the first or second aspect, instead of the control calculating means for outputting the feedback amount, a control calculation is performed on the nitrogen oxide emission set value. No. 1 control operation means, second control operation means for performing control operation on the amount of unreacted residual nitrogen oxides, and means for obtaining a deviation of the outputs of the first and second dispersion control operation means and outputting it as a feedback amount. The purpose is to provide a denitration control device.

According to a fourth aspect of the present invention, in the denitration control device according to the first or second aspect, the non-linear compensating unit divides the nitrogen oxide emission set value by the calculated nitrogen oxide generation amount and remains. Division means for determining the proportion of possible nitrogen oxides,
An inverse reaction characteristic function calculation unit that calculates a necessary molar ratio when a predetermined amount of nitrogen oxides remains by performing an inverse reaction characteristic function calculation on the denitration reaction characteristic of the denitration process unit in the proportion of nitrogen oxides that can remain. The denitration control device is composed of a multiplication means for outputting a product of a calculated amount of generated nitrogen oxides and a molar ratio obtained by the inverse reaction characteristic function operation part.

According to a fifth aspect of the present invention, in the denitration control device according to any of the first to fourth aspects, a disturbance compensation amount is obtained based on the exhaust gas flow rate or an amount related thereto, and the calculated disturbance compensation amount is used. The gist of the present invention is a denitration control device further provided with a dynamic characteristic compensating means for correcting an ammonia injection amount command value.

[0042]

According to the first aspect of the invention, in the denitration control device having the feedback control system and the feedforward control system, the feedforward control system is provided for compensating the nonlinearity of the denitration reaction process in the denitration process section. By providing the non-linear compensation means, it is possible to avoid instability and poor responsiveness due to the non-linearity of the denitration reaction process, and achieve stable and highly responsive control.

According to the second aspect of the present invention, in the denitration control device having the feedback control system and the feedforward control system, in order to compensate for the non-linearity of the denitration reaction process in the denitration process section, common to both control systems. By providing the non-linear compensating means, it is possible to avoid instability and poor response due to the non-linearity of the denitration reaction process, and to achieve stable and highly responsive control.

According to the third aspect of the present invention, the control means provided in the feedback control system is divided and inserted into each input signal circuit to form a two-degree-of-freedom type, thereby further improving the denitration controllability. be able to.

The invention according to claim 4 relates to a specific configuration of the non-linear compensating means, whereby the invention according to claim 1 or 2 can be easily implemented.

According to the fifth aspect of the invention, the disturbance compensation amount is obtained based on the physical quantity such as the exhaust gas flow rate, and the dynamic characteristic compensating means for correcting the ammonia injection amount command value by the obtained disturbance compensation amount is provided. It is possible to compensate for the deterioration of the dynamic characteristics of the control system due to the time delay of the concentration analyzer that measures and analyzes the NO _x concentration, and achieve better control performance.

In summary, the present invention linearizes the denitration reaction characteristic by performing non-linear compensation of the denitration reaction process, thereby facilitating control of the dynamic characteristic of the controlled object, and further, the air flow rate or exhaust gas flow rate signal to the combustor. Is used for control to prevent unnecessary correction of the NH ₃ injection amount due to the delay of the NO _x concentration analyzer, and the feedback control system has a two-degree-of-freedom control operation to setpoint tracking and disturbance compensation. It is intended to improve the controllability of both properties and, as a result, to significantly improve the denitration controllability.

[0048]

Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings.

First Embodiment (Structure) FIG. 1 shows a denitration control device 20A constructed according to the first embodiment of the present invention. In FIG. 1, details of the internal configuration of the non-linear compensating unit 210 are shown in FIG.

The denitration control device 20A according to this embodiment is
The denitration control device 20 shown in FIG. 12 does not include the gain unit 202, and is equivalent to a non-linear compensation unit 210 provided in place of the gain unit 202. The non-linear compensator 210 calculates the NO _x emission set value Q34 and the N _x obtained by the NO _x generation amount calculator 201.
Computation means for outputting a non-linearly compensated FF (feedforward) amount Q38 based on the calculated O _x generation amount Q21, and as shown in FIG. 2, the divider 211, the inverse reaction characteristic function unit 212 and the multiplication unit. It consists of a vessel 213.

(Operation) First, the operation of the non-linear compensator 210 will be described with reference to FIG. NO _x emission amount set value Q
34 and the calculated NO _x generation amount Q21 are input, and the divider 211 obtains the ratio c of the remaining NO _x by the following equation. Here, it is assumed that a = Q34 and b = Q21. c = a / b (10)

As described above, the denitration reaction (1)-
It can be expressed by equation (8). Therefore,
Inverse function d = g of the function g (x ₅ / x ₆ ) of the equation (7)
By calculating ⁻¹ (c) in the inverse reaction characteristic function unit 212, the necessary molar ratio when NO _x remains by the ratio c can be obtained as the calculation result. Therefore, in the following, the inverse function d is also referred to as a molar ratio. Once the required molar ratio d is determined, the NH ₃ amount e = Q38 required to obtain this d is calculated by (1
It can be obtained according to the equation (1). e = d × b (11)

The necessary amount of NH ₃ thus obtained is used as the FF amount Q38 and input to the adder 203.

Next, the operation of other parts of the denitration control device 20A will be described with reference to FIG. The subtracter 2 calculates the difference between the given NO _x emission amount set value Q34 and the unreacted residual NO _x amount Q33.
The NO _x deviation Q35 is obtained by determining in 05. In order to make the NO _x deviation Q35 as close to zero as possible, the feedback (FB) amount Q36 is obtained using the PID controller 206. FF amount Q38 and FB amount Q36
Is added in the adder 203, the NH ₃ injection amount command value Q39 can be obtained, and this is sent to the denitration process unit 18.

(Effect) Consider the case where the NO _x generation amount Q20 gradually changes as shown in FIG. 3 (a). At this time, due to the non-linearity of the denitration reaction in the denitration process unit 18,
The required NH ₃ injection amount changes every moment, but the required NH ₃ injection amount can be calculated with high accuracy by the calculation in the non-linear compensation unit 210. Therefore, the unreacted residual NO _x amount Q3
Ideally, 3 completely matches the NO _x emission amount set value Q34.

Disturbances of unknown cause may occur during operation of the actual plant, and a deviation may occur between the unreacted residual NO _x amount Q33 and the NO _x emission amount set value Q34. Such deviation can be eliminated through the PID controller 206 in the denitration controller 20A of FIG.

As described above, the non-linearity of the denitration reaction characteristic can be compensated, and the denitration control performance can be dramatically improved.

Second Embodiment (Structure) FIG. 4 shows a denitration control device 20B constructed according to a second embodiment of the present invention. In this embodiment, the NO _x of the nonlinear compensating unit 210 in the denitration control device 20A of FIG.
This corresponds to a configuration in which the output FB amount Q36 of the PID controller 206 is input to the input end of the discharge amount set value Q34 and the adder 203 is omitted. In this embodiment, instead of the NO _x emission amount set value Q34 of the non-linear compensation unit 210 of FIG.
Although it differs from the apparatus of FIG. 1 in that the B amount Q36 is used, there is no difference in other points.

(Operation) In this embodiment, the calculation in the non-linear compensation section 210 is performed according to the same arithmetic expression as that described in the first embodiment. Here, when the following assumptions are satisfied, the GB amount Q36 to the NO _x concentration Q
Up to 31 can be represented as shown in FIG. (1) NH ₃ injection amount Q12 is NH ₃ injection amount command value Q30
Matches (2) The calculated NO _x generation amount Q21 matches the actual NO _x generation amount Q20. (3) The inverse reaction characteristic function part 212 is an inverse function of the actual reaction characteristic. That is, although the expression (8) is an approximate expression, the expression (12) is established instead of it, and x = g ⁻¹ (g
(X)) holds. _{x 8 = (1-η)} × x 6 = g (x 5 / x 6) × x 6 (12) (4) is no influence of unknown disturbances.

The system shown in FIG. 5 has a nonlinear compensator 210.
The compensating action of the divider 211, the inverse reaction characteristic function unit 212 and the multiplier 213 of the
1, it shows that the denitration reaction represented by the denitration reaction characteristic formula 222 and the multiplication formula 223 is just compensated.
In the system of FIG. 5, even if the NO _x generation amount Q20 changes, N
It shows that the O _x concentration Q31 does not change, and the NO _x concentration Q31 changes only with the FB amount Q36.

(Effect) According to the embodiment shown in FIG. 4, NO
_The NO _x concentration Q31 does not change no matter how much the _x generation amount Q20 changes, and therefore does not affect the unreacted residual NO _x amount Q33, and only the FB amount Q36 does not change the unreacted residual NO amount.
_{The x} amount Q33 can be changed. Since the FB amount Q36 changes so as to make the NO _x deviation Q35 zero, N
It is possible to match the O _x emission amount set value Q34 with the unreacted residual NO _x amount Q33.

As described above, it is possible to compensate for the non-linearity of the denitration reaction characteristic and improve the denitration control performance.

Third Embodiment (Structure) FIG. 6 shows a third embodiment of the present invention. The denitration control device 20C according to this embodiment is the P in the embodiment of FIG.
This is equivalent to removing the ID type controller 206, dividing it into two, and inserting the PID type controllers 207 to 208 into the respective input terminals of the subtractor 205. The other components are unchanged.

(Operation) In this embodiment, the calculation in the non-linear compensation section 210 is the same as that described in the first embodiment. In the first embodiment, the influence of the fluctuation of the NO _x generation amount Q20 can be completely suppressed in the ideal state, but with respect to the characteristic change and the occurrence of the disturbance which could not be considered during the actual plant operation. Not considered. In such a case, there is a two-degree-of-freedom type controller as a configuration of the controller which has good set value tracking ability and excellent disturbance compensation response.

There are various methods of constructing the two-degree-of-freedom type controller, but the two equivalents shown in FIG.
An equivalent function can be realized by a configuration in which a pair of PID type controllers 207 and 208 are provided.

(Effects) When the plant operating conditions are ideal, the effects described in the first embodiment can be obtained.

When the operating conditions of the plant are not ideal, the parameters (PID elements) of the two sets of PID type controllers 207 and 208 are appropriately tuned so that unreacted due to some disturbance factor during operation of the plant. The function of suppressing the influence of the NO _x amount Q33 when it fluctuates, and the NO _x emission amount set value Q34 and the unreacted residual N
A function of eliminating the deviation from the O _x amount Q33 can be realized.

During operation of the actual plant, the plant operating conditions change every moment according to the load demand of the system, and N
The O _x emission amount set value Q34 and the NO _x generation amount Q20 change, the exhaust gas flow velocity, temperature, pressure, etc. change, and the plant characteristics change subtly. In addition, operating conditions are disturbed by unknown disturbances, so it is important to suppress their effects.
The two-degree-of-freedom configuration is effective in actual operation as a means for such a case.

Fourth Embodiment (Structure) FIG. 7 shows a denitration control device 20D constructed according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention. This embodiment is similar to the embodiment of FIG. 6 in that it has a two-degree-of-freedom type controller configuration, but is similar to the embodiment of FIG. 4 in terms of the arrangement position of the controller. In this example,
PID controller 20 in the denitration controller 20B of FIG.
6 is removed, and PID type controllers 207 to 208 are respectively inserted in the input terminals of the subtractor 205 instead. The other components are the same. Two sets of PID type controllers 207 and 208 form a two degree of freedom type controller configuration.

(Operation) In this embodiment, in an ideal state, the effect of the fluctuation of the NO _x generation amount Q20 can be completely suppressed, and the operation is the same as that described above. The feature of this embodiment is that the controller having a two-degree-of-freedom type has a good followability of the set value when there is a characteristic change or disturbance that could not be considered during actual plant operation, and disturbance compensation is performed. The response is excellent.

(Effect) When the plant operating condition is ideal, the effect as described in the second embodiment (FIG. 4) can be obtained.

Although the operating conditions of the plant are not ideal, in this case, the two PID type controllers 207 and 20 are used.
By appropriately tuning the parameters of No. 8, the function to suppress the influence of the fluctuation of the unreacted residual NO _x amount Q33 due to some disturbance factor during plant operation, and the NO _x emission set value Q34 and the unreacted residual NO amount. A function of eliminating the deviation from the _x amount Q33 can be realized.

During operation of the actual plant, the plant operating conditions change every moment according to the load demand of the system, and accordingly the NO _x emission set value Q34 and the NO _x production amount Q20 change, the exhaust gas flow rate and the temperature, The plant characteristics change subtly due to changes in pressure and the like. Further, since the operating condition is disturbed by the unknown disturbance, it is important to suppress the influence, and the 2-degree-of-freedom type controller configuration according to this embodiment is effective in actual operation.

Fifth Embodiment (Structure) FIG. 8 shows a denitration control device 20E according to a fifth embodiment of the present invention. This embodiment is based on the first embodiment (FIG. 1) and is equivalent to a dynamic characteristic compensator 215 added thereto. Along with this, the adder 203 is configured as a 3-input type. The dynamic characteristic compensator 215 calculates the disturbance compensation amount Q22 based on the exhaust gas flow rate Q32, and inputs the calculation result (the disturbance compensation amount Q22) to the third input end of the adder 203. The other parts are the same as those in FIG.

FIG. 9 shows the detailed structure of the dynamic characteristic compensator 215. The dynamic characteristic compensating unit 215 includes one or more signal shift units 2 having a function of shifting the input signal one by one for each control cycle.
16 and one or more gain units 2 that output the signal at the same size
17 and an adder 21 for adding the output of each gain unit 217
8 and 219.

(Operation) In this embodiment, the calculation for calculating the FF amount Q38 in the non-linear compensating section 210 and the calculation for calculating the FB amount Q36 using the PID type controller 206 are performed in the first embodiment (FIG. 1). ). In this embodiment, the dynamic characteristic compensating unit 21 for performing dynamic characteristic compensation calculation using the exhaust gas flow rate Q32 is also used.
The disturbance compensation amount Q22 is calculated according to 5. Disturbance compensation amount Q2
2, the FF amount Q38 and the FB amount Q36 are all added in the adder 203, and output as the NH ₃ injection amount command value Q39 from the denitration controller 20E to the denitration process unit 18.

(Effects) When the plant operating conditions are ideal and the exhaust gas flow rate does not fluctuate, it is clear that the operations and effects described in the first embodiment are achieved. The function of the dynamic characteristic compensation unit 215 differs depending on the control purpose of the denitration control system. Hereinafter, a case where the instantaneous value of the unreacted residual NO _x amount Q33 is used for control will be described.

Referring to FIG. 14, the change in the unreacted residual NO _x amount Q33 as shown in FIG. 14C due to the change in the exhaust gas flow rate Q32 as shown in FIG.
This is an inevitable characteristic due to the plant's characteristic that there is a time lag in the detection and analysis by. Therefore,
By suppressing unnecessary fluctuations in the NH ₃ injection amount Q12,
As shown in (c), it is most effective to suppress the unreacted residual NO _x amount Q33 from vibrating. For this purpose, the dynamic characteristic compensating unit 215 may output a signal that cancels the variation of the NH ₃ injection amount Q12 shown in FIG. As a result, as shown in FIG. 14D, the NH ₃ injection amount Q12 does not change, and unreacted residual NO _x
The vibrational response of the quantity Q33 can be suppressed.

When the moving time average value is for control purposes, the hatched portion of the unreacted residual NO _x amount Q33 is shown in FIG. 10 (a) with respect to the exhaust gas flow rate signal shown in FIG. 10 (a). It is ideal that the areas (deviations with respect to the NO _x emission amount set value Q34) are equal above and below the set value line. Approximately, if the NH ₃ injection amount Q12 is once increased by the FB amount Q36 and then returns to the original value and the change is terminated, the unreacted residual NO _x amount Q33 returns to the original value and settles. Conceivable. Therefore, after the NH ₃ injection amount Q12 returns to the original value, the gain of the gain unit 217 of the dynamic characteristic compensation unit 215 may be adjusted so as to output a signal amount that cancels the FB amount Q36.

By performing the dynamic characteristic compensation when the exhaust gas flow rate Q32 changes as described above, the denitration control device 20E having better controllability can be constructed.

Other Embodiments In the above fifth embodiment, the denitration control device 20E according to the combination of the denitration control device 20A and the dynamic characteristic compensating unit 215 according to the first embodiment has been described. It is apparent that the same effect can be obtained by combining 510 with any of the second to fourth embodiments.

In the fifth embodiment, the case where the dynamic characteristic compensation is performed by using the exhaust gas flow rate Q32 has been described, but the purpose thereof is to compensate the control characteristic deterioration factor due to the time delay of the analyzer 16. Therefore, instead of the exhaust gas flow rate Q32, for example, I for adjusting the supply air to the combustor 1
If it is possible to calculate the change of the exhaust gas flow rate Q32 by changing the parameter such as the GV (inlet air adjusting plate) opening command value, it is possible to use them to perform the dynamic characteristic compensation. is there.

Further, in the above embodiment, the PID type controller (having each proportional, integral, and derivative action element) is used as the feedback controller, but the PI type (proportional
The same function can be realized by using a controller (having an integral operating element) or an I-type controller (having an integral operating element). It is also possible to use a higher-order controller such as an optimum regulator (LQR). That is, the present invention does not depend on the type of controller.

Furthermore, although the functional elements represented by the individual blocks have been described as being discrete circuit components in the above-described embodiments, they may be appropriately combined or divided in the opposite manner. Further, the function of each functional element can be realized by software using a microprocessor.

[0085]

As described above, according to the present invention, the following effects can be obtained. According to the first aspect of the present invention, the feedforward control system is provided with a non-linear compensating section to compensate for the non-linearity of the denitration reaction process and to perform stable and high-response denitration control over a wide range of operating points. Can be achieved.

According to the second aspect of the present invention, by providing a non-linear compensating section commonly for the feedforward control system and the feedback control system, the non-linearity of the denitration reaction process is compensated, and a wide range of operating points can be obtained. Stable and highly responsive denitration control can be achieved.

According to the third aspect of the present invention, the control means provided in the feedback control system is of a two-degree-of-freedom type, so that the controllability of both the set value followability and the disturbance compensation characteristic is improved. You can

According to the invention of claim 4, the nonlinear compensating means can be embodied to easily implement the invention of claim 1 or 2.

According to the fifth aspect of the present invention, by providing the dynamic characteristic compensation function for changes in the exhaust gas flow rate and the like, deterioration of the dynamic characteristic control function due to the analysis time delay of the analyzer is suppressed, and high accuracy is achieved. Control can be realized.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a denitration control device according to an embodiment of the present invention.

2 is a block diagram showing an internal configuration of a non-linear compensation unit in the control device of FIG.

3 is a characteristic diagram for explaining a control effect of the control device in FIG.

FIG. 4 is a block diagram of a denitration control device according to a second embodiment of the present invention.

5 is a block diagram for explaining a non-linear compensation function of the control device of FIG.

FIG. 6 is a block diagram of a denitration control device according to a third embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 7 is a block diagram of a denitration control device according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 8 is a block diagram of a denitration control device according to a fifth embodiment of the present invention.

9 is a block diagram showing an internal configuration of a dynamic characteristic compensation unit in the control device of FIG.

10 is a characteristic diagram for explaining the functions and effects of the control device in FIG.

FIG. 11 is an equipment layout diagram showing a configuration example of a power generation plant including a denitration control device.

FIG. 12 is a block diagram of a conventional denitration control device.

FIG. 13 is a characteristic diagram showing control characteristics of a conventional denitration control device.

FIG. 14 is a characteristic diagram showing a response of a nitrogen oxide concentration and an unreacted residual nitrogen oxide generation amount due to a change in an exhaust gas flow rate when the nitrogen oxide generation amount is not controlled.

FIG. 15 is a characteristic diagram showing the response of the nitrogen oxide concentration and the amount of unreacted residual nitrogen oxides generated when the amount of nitrogen oxides generated is constant and the exhaust gas flow rate changes.

[Explanation of Codes] 1 Combustor 2 Fuel Control Valve 3 Compressor 4 Gas Turbine 5 Exhaust Heat Recovery Boiler 6 Generator 11 Chimney 12 Ammonia Spray Section 13 Catalyst Section 14 Ammonia Injection Amount Control Valve 16 NO _x Concentration Analyzer 18 Denitration Process Parts 20, 20A to 20E Denitration control device 201 NO _x generation amount calculation unit 204 Multipliers 206, 207, 208 PID type controller 210 Non-linear compensation unit 211 Divider 212 Inverse reaction characteristic function unit 213 Multiplier 215 Dynamic characteristic compensation unit 216 Signal shift unit 217 Gain unit 220 Denitration reaction unit

Continuation of the front page (51) Int.Cl. ⁶ Identification code Office reference number FI Technical display location B01D 53/74 53/86 ZAB G05B 11/32 F 7531-3H B01D 53/34 129 E 53/36 ZAB (72 ) Inventor Masashi Nakamoto 2-4 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama-shi, Kanagawa Toshiba Keihin Office

Claims (5)

[Claims] 1. A denitration control device for giving an ammonia injection amount command value to a denitration process part which injects ammonia into combustion exhaust gas of a power plant containing nitrogen oxides and decomposes into nitrogen gas and steam under the action of a catalyst. And a nitrogen oxide generation amount calculation means for obtaining a calculated value of nitrogen oxide generation amount based on the flow rate of fuel and the flow rate of air supplied to the combustor; A non-reacting residual component contained in the exhaust gas on the outlet side of the denitrification process section, and a non-reactive residue that is output as a feedforward amount with a correction for compensating for the non-linearity of the denitrification reaction process in the denitrification process section using the value Control calculation means for adding a control calculation to the deviation of the amount of nitrogen oxides with respect to the set value of nitrogen oxides emission, and outputting as a feedback amount; A denitration control apparatus comprising: an addition means for obtaining a sum of the feedforward amount obtained by the means and the feedback amount obtained by the control computing means, and sending the sum to the denitration plant as an ammonia injection amount command value. 2. A denitration control device for giving an ammonia injection amount command value to a denitration process unit which injects ammonia into a combustion exhaust gas of a power plant containing nitrogen oxides and decomposes it into nitrogen gas and steam under the action of a catalyst. A nitrogen oxide generation amount calculation means for obtaining a calculated value of nitrogen oxide generation amount based on the fuel flow rate and air flow rate supplied to the combustor; and unreacted residuals contained in the exhaust gas on the outlet side of the denitration process section. A control calculation unit that outputs a feedback amount by adding a control calculation to the deviation of the nitrogen oxide amount with respect to the nitrogen oxide emission set value, and uses the feedback amount output from the control calculation unit as the nitrogen oxide generation amount calculation value. In order to compensate for the non-linearity of the denitration reaction process in the denitration process part, the ammonia injection amount instruction is added to the denitration plant. Denitration controller having a nonlinear compensating means for transmitting a value. 3. The denitration control device according to claim 1, wherein instead of the control calculation means for outputting the feedback amount, first control calculation means for performing a control calculation on the nitrogen oxide emission set value. And denitration, which includes a second control calculation means for performing a control calculation on the amount of unreacted residual nitrogen oxides, and a means for obtaining the deviation of the outputs of the first and second dispersion control calculation means and outputting it as a feedback amount. Control device. 4. The denitration control device according to claim 1, wherein the non-linear compensating unit divides the nitrogen oxide emission set value by a calculated value of nitrogen oxide generation and is capable of remaining nitrogen oxide. A dividing means for obtaining a ratio of the residual nitrogen oxide, and a necessary molar ratio when a predetermined amount of nitrogen oxide remains by performing an inverse reaction characteristic function operation on the denitration reaction characteristic of the denitration process part, to the ratio of the remaining nitrogen oxide. A denitration control device comprising: a reverse reaction characteristic function calculating unit for obtaining the above; and a multiplying unit for outputting a product of the calculated value of the nitrogen oxide generation amount and the molar ratio obtained by the reverse reaction characteristic function calculating unit. 5. The denitration control device according to claim 1, wherein a disturbance compensation amount is obtained based on an exhaust gas flow rate or a physical quantity related thereto, and the ammonia injection amount command value is determined by the obtained disturbance compensation amount. A denitration control device further comprising a dynamic characteristic compensation means for correction.