CN115155310A - Ammonia spraying accurate optimization method for SCR denitration system - Google Patents
Ammonia spraying accurate optimization method for SCR denitration system Download PDFInfo
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- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 95
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 63
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 47
- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 16
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 title abstract description 6
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 81
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 76
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 42
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 41
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 41
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 41
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 claims description 47
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 24
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000003546 flue gas Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000000779 smoke Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000012937 correction Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000001684 chronic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000000738 capillary electrophoresis-mass spectrometry Methods 0.000 claims 2
- MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen oxide Inorganic materials O=[N] MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 407
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000010531 catalytic reduction reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005034 decoration Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001595 flow curve Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002068 genetic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013528 artificial neural network Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001174 ascending effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100000762 chronic effect Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000001808 coupling effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000691 measurement method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000035484 reaction time Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012706 support-vector machine Methods 0.000 description 1
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- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/74—General processes for purification of waste gases; Apparatus or devices specially adapted therefor
- B01D53/86—Catalytic processes
- B01D53/90—Injecting reactants
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- B01D—SEPARATION
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- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/74—General processes for purification of waste gases; Apparatus or devices specially adapted therefor
- B01D53/86—Catalytic processes
- B01D53/8696—Controlling the catalytic process
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
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Abstract
The invention discloses an accurate optimization method for ammonia injection of an SCR denitration system. According to the method, the measurement delay time of the NOx concentration is measured through tests, the response time of the NOx during wind and coal adjustment is measured through tests, and the key characteristic data influencing the NOx concentration and the operation data in a full adjustable range are obtained through a full-load working condition orthogonal test. Correcting the measurement time of the NOx concentration of the DCS, constructing a data variable representing the dynamic operation characteristic of the boiler, and constructing a data variable representing the standard of the NOx generation concentration; and establishing a data structure capable of predicting the combustion NOx concentration under the dynamic working condition of the boiler in real time by combining with the boiler operation historical data, and establishing a combustion NOx concentration soft measurement model, wherein the NOx concentration soft measurement model is about one delay time in advance of a NOx concentration measurement system. DCS control logic is improved through an NOx concentration bias method, and SCR accurate ammonia spraying is achieved. The invention solves the problem of control delay of the denitration system, realizes real-time accurate control of the ammonia injection system, improves the instantaneous standard exceeding of NOx concentration, and prolongs the service life of the ammonia injection valve.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of flue gas denitration of coal-fired power plants, and particularly relates to an accurate ammonia injection optimization method for an SCR denitration system.
Background
Coal-fired power plants widely employ Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) technology to reduce the emission concentration of nitrogen oxides (NOx) in flue gas. The SCR denitration system reduces NOx in flue gas by injecting ammonia gas, so that the ammonia injection amount is matched with the concentration of the NOx in the flue gas and the concentration of target control NOx. Because denitration reaction has certain reaction time and SCR inlet NOx concentration has certain fluctuation, the ammonia injection amount is mainly controlled by the control mode of PID + feedforward + feedback in the existing power plant, and the SCR inlet flue gas NOx concentration is used as feedforward amount and the SCR outlet flue gas NOx concentration is used as feedback amount. For measuring the concentration of NOx, CEMS (continuous flue gas monitoring system) basically adopts a method of sampling and analyzing exhaust gas, and the distance from an SCR inlet flue to a CEMS analyzer is usually long, which causes a delay of a period of exhaust gas time in the measured NOx concentration, and the delay time reaches tens of seconds or even minutes, thereby causing a problem of large delay in the SCR measurement control process. When the system can not detect the NOx concentration change at the SCR inlet in time, the conventional control mode is easy to cause the condition that the NOx concentration at the SCR outlet fluctuates instantly and greatly due to untimely reaction to the NOx change at the SCR inlet, and a large amount of burrs or noises occur on an ammonia injection flow curve and a NOx discharge curve. In order to ensure that the NOx emission is not overproof, a power plant can only set the NOx emission control target value to be far lower than a standard target value, and the overhigh denitration efficiency and the instantaneous excessive ammonia injection bring great adverse effects to the running safety of a boiler.
The SCR inlet is in a high-temperature high-dust smoke environment, smoke components such as NOx are difficult to directly measure like temperature, so that the problem of NOx concentration measurement delay is difficult to solve by a direct measurement means at present, and the method for predicting the NOx concentration in real time by a soft measurement method is an accepted means. The process of generating boiler combustion NOx (theoretically, SCR inlet NOx, where a model soft measured value or an actual value is defined as combustion NOx and a CEMS measured value is defined as SCR inlet NOx) is commonly affected by a plurality of variables, which have strong coupling properties at the same time, so that the soft measurement of the combustion NOx generation amount is particularly difficult when the boiler is in dynamic operation. At present, most of researches are based on establishing a prediction model of combustion NOx emission under a steady-state working condition, and rarely relate to the condition of variable working conditions, wherein the variable working conditions are usually when the combustion NOx fluctuation is large, and the variable working conditions are just the normal operation of a boiler. Although the existing CEMS measurement delay problem is mentioned in documents, effective solving measures are difficult to see, and the key difficulty is how to realize reliable accuracy, follow-up property, real-time property and stability of a combustion NOx curve of soft measurement under the dynamic working condition of a boiler.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an accurate optimization method for ammonia injection of an SCR (selective catalytic reduction) denitration system aiming at the defects of the prior art, a soft measurement model for accurately predicting the concentration of combustion NOx under a dynamic working condition in real time is established through a more scientific data structure, the problem of time delay in the process of measuring the concentration of NOx at an SCR inlet by CEMS (continuous emission monitoring system) is solved, the real-time accurate control of the ammonia injection system is realized, and the method plays an important role in improving the instantaneous standard exceeding of the concentration of NOx, prolonging the service life of an ammonia injection valve and improving the operation safety and stability of the whole system. According to the method, CEMS measurement delay time, boiler dynamic characteristic representation, NOx concentration benchmark in static and slowly-varying states of the boiler and the like are considered, a combustion NOx concentration real-time soft measurement model under a dynamic working condition is established, and the SCR inlet NOx concentration is obtained by about one delay time in advance of a CEMS system. The difference value between the soft measurement value of the combustion NOx concentration and the measured value of the CEMS is used as an offset and added into a feedforward logic of the SCR ammonia spraying control system, so that the minimum change of the original logic of the DCS and the simplest switching and reliable operation of the optimization system are realized.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme provided by the invention is as follows:
an accurate optimization method for ammonia injection of an SCR denitration system comprises the following steps:
step 1: testing and determining the NOx concentration measurement delay time at the inlet of the SCR; testing and measuring NOx concentration response time during adjustment of air quantity, coal quantity and the like; developing key regulation and control equipment influencing the concentration of NOx and an orthogonal test of a full adjustable range of load to obtain operation data of the full adjustable range;
step 2: correcting the delay time of the measured value of the NOx concentration at the inlet of the SCR of the DCS; constructing a data variable representing the dynamic operation characteristic of the boiler; constructing a data variable representing a combustion NOx concentration reference; constructing a soft measurement model data structure for predicting the combustion NOx concentration of the boiler under the dynamic working condition in real time by combining the boiler operation real-time parameter variables influencing the generation of the NOx concentration;
and 3, step 3: acquiring boiler operation historical data according to a soft measurement model data structure, and establishing a soft measurement model capable of predicting the concentration of combustion NOx under a dynamic working condition by using a prediction algorithm and an optimization algorithm;
and 4, step 4: an external server interacting with real-time data of a DCS is built, real-time soft measurement of the concentration of combustion NOx is carried out according to real-time operation data of a boiler, namely, compared with the NOx concentration at an SCR inlet, the NOx concentration is advanced by about one delay time; calculating the difference value of the concentration of the combustion NOx and the concentration of the NOx at the inlet of the SCR, namely the NOx concentration offset value, and sending the NOx concentration offset value into the DCS, thereby overcoming the problem that the DCS can not perform complex calculation;
and 5: in an ammonia injection control logic of the DCS, the NOx concentration offset value is added to the NOx concentration at the inlet of a feedforward variable SCR, so that the SCR accurate ammonia injection is realized.
Further, the delay time of the NOx concentration at the inlet of the SCR is measured in the test in the step 1, which is specifically realized as follows:
firstly, in the process of adjusting the working condition of a boiler to change the concentration of NOx at an SCR inlet, continuously measuring the NOx at the same NOx measuring point position at the SCR inlet by using a portable flue gas analyzer; secondly, correcting the self-measurement delay time of a measurement system of the portable flue gas analyzer to obtain an actual NOx concentration curve in the flue gas within a time period T, and obtaining a NOx concentration curve of an SCR inlet within the same time period T in the DCS; and finally, calculating the correlation coefficients of the two NOx concentration curves by using a correlation coefficient analysis method, gradually advancing the NOx at the SCR inlet by using an iteration method, and calculating the correlation coefficients of the two NOx concentration curves.
Further, the delay time of the NOx concentration at the inlet of the SCR is measured in the test in the step 1, which is specifically realized as follows:
(1) Assuming time t, t =0,1,2,3, · · k, k being the estimated maximum possible delay time, in units s;
(2) The method comprises the steps of moving a NOx concentration curve of an SCR inlet forward by t, and calculating a correlation coefficient of the NOx concentration curve of the SCR inlet after the forward movement and an actual NOx concentration curve;
(3) Drawing a correlation coefficient-time t curve;
(4) The time t corresponding to the peak point of the correlation coefficient-time t curve is the measured delay time t of the CEMS measuring system c 。
Furthermore, the portable smoke analyzer measuring system measures delay time, which means the delay time of the portable smoke analyzer measuring system including a sampling gun and a pipeline; the measuring system is connected with an NO standard gas bottle, a valve of the standard gas bottle is opened until the number displayed on the smoke analyzer is basically stable along with the change of time, and the time from the opening of the valve to the time when the number displayed on the smoke analyzer is close to stability is the self-measuring delay time of the measuring system of the portable smoke analyzer.
Further, the NOx concentration response time when the air volume and the coal volume are adjusted is measured in the test in the step 1, and the specific implementation is as follows:
the air volume and coal volume change of the boiler correspond to the changes of oxygen quantity, air distribution mode and load of a hearth, and have strong positive correlation with the generation of NOx, the change from the issuing of a working condition change instruction to the change of coal supply volume, the change of coal volume and air volume during the combustion of the hearth and the change of NOx generated by the combustion from the hearth to the position of an SCR inlet measuring point have certain delay, and the delay time is the NOx concentration response time; similarly, a correlation coefficient analysis method is used for drawing a correlation coefficient-time t curve of the actual NOx concentration and the air volume in the air volume adjusting process; drawing a correlation coefficient-time t curve of the actual NOx concentration and the coal amount in the coal amount adjusting process; and (4) taking the time corresponding to the peak point on the correlation coefficient-time t curve as the response time of the NOx concentration during air quantity and coal quantity regulation.
Further, the step 1 of developing an orthogonal test of key regulation and control equipment affecting the NOx concentration and a full adjustable range of the load is specifically realized as follows:
in the conventional operation mode of the boiler, all factors influencing NOx generation cannot necessarily reach the maximum amplitude adjustment, particularly the combined adjustment; therefore, the parameters of the load, each air door of the combustor, a baffle of a coal mill separator, the air-coal ratio and the over-fire air rate are subjected to orthogonal combination in the maximum adjustable range by adopting an orthogonal test method, so that the operation data in the maximum adjustable range is obtained, and more comprehensive data support is provided for optimizing points.
Further, the step 2 of correcting the measurement time of the NOx concentration of the DCS system is specifically implemented as follows:
because of the delay of the CEMS measurement system, the measured value of the NOx concentration in the DCS system at the current moment is actually the delay time t c NOx concentration in the front flue, and therefore the SCR to be harvested from the DCS SystemInlet NOx concentration advance t c And time is used for realizing accurate correspondence of the concentration of NOx at the inlet of the SCR and the operation condition.
Further, the step 2 is to construct a data variable representing the dynamic operating characteristics of the boiler and a data variable representing the reference of the NOx generation concentration, and the specific implementation is as follows:
constructing a data variable representing the dynamic operating characteristics of the boiler in the step 2, adjusting the response time of NOx concentration according to the measured air volume and coal volume, and using the data of the boiler load, the opening degree of each air door of the combustor, each coal mill separator baffle, each coal mill coal feeding amount, the primary air volume of each coal mill, the air-coal ratio and the burn-out air rate at the past moment as the input end parameters of a soft measurement model to represent the amplitude and speed conditions of variable working conditions, namely representing the dynamic change process of key parameters influencing the change of NOx concentration, so as to realize the soft measurement of combustion NOx under the dynamic working conditions;
in the step 2, a data variable representing the reference of NOx generation concentration is constructed, and the SCR inlet NOx concentration at the current moment is taken as an input variable, namely 1 SCR inlet NOx concentration delay time t c The actual NOx concentration at the previous moment is used as an input variable, so that the inherent or dynamic chronic influence of the working condition parameters comprising non-instantaneous changes of coal types, equipment or weather on the NOx concentration is corrected; soft measurement of NOx concentration on this basis can closely follow the measured NOx concentration;
the data of the past time takes NOx concentration response time as a reference, one or more than n times of NOx concentration response time is taken as the past time, and meanwhile, in order to simplify workload, the response time of the variables of boiler load, a baffle of a separator of a coal mill and the coal feeding amount of the coal mill is unified into the NOx concentration response time of the change of the coal amount; the response time of the variables of the primary air quantity of the coal mill, the air door of the burner, the air-coal ratio and the burn-out air rate is unified as the response time of the NOx concentration of the air quantity change.
Further, a soft measurement model data structure for predicting the generation concentration of combustion NOx under the dynamic working condition of the boiler in real time is constructed in the step 2, and the method is specifically realized as follows:
taking the actual NOx concentration after the correction of the NOx concentration measurement time of the DCS as an output variable of a soft measurement model; and taking a data variable representing the dynamic operating characteristics of the boiler, a data variable representing the standard of NOx generation concentration and a boiler operation real-time parameter variable influencing NOx generation as input variables of the soft measurement model.
Further, in the step 5, on the ammonia spraying control logic of the DCS, the NOx concentration offset value is added to the NOx concentration at the inlet of the original feedforward variable SCR, so that the minimum change on the original ammonia spraying control logic of the DCS and the simplest switching of the optimized system are realized.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) The delay time is low. Because the SCR inlet NOx concentration measured by the CEMS system has a delay for a long time, the ammonia injection amount cannot track the working condition change in real time. According to the invention, the delay time of the CEMS measurement system is obtained through test measurement, and the measurement time of the NOx concentration at the SCR inlet of the DCS is corrected according to the delay time, so that the actual NOx concentration is obtained about one delay time ahead of the CEMS system. Practical application shows that the delay time of the DCS feedforward NOx concentration signal is reduced to be within 10 seconds from about 1 minute, and an ammonia injection flow curve and an NOx emission concentration curve after operation are remarkably stable compared with those before operation.
(2) The adjusting range is wide. At present, most of researches on ammonia injection optimization are based on establishing a NOx concentration prediction model under a steady-state working condition, and rarely relate to the condition of a variable working condition, wherein the variable working condition is usually the time when the fluctuation of NOx is large, and the variable working condition is just the normal operation state of a boiler. According to the invention, a data structure capable of reflecting the actual dynamic working condition of the boiler is established based on the test result, and then based on key regulation and control equipment influencing NOx concentration and an orthogonal test of a full adjustable range of load, AGC dynamic operation is combined to obtain relatively comprehensive historical data of boiler operation, so that the model can still be normally adjusted under the dynamic working condition, and the adjustment range is wide.
(3) The prediction precision is high. The method and the device predict the NOx concentration at the inlet of the SCR at the previous moment, can correct the inherent or dynamic chronic influence of working condition parameters such as coal types or equipment and the like which are not changed instantly, and the predicted NOx concentration can closely follow the actual NOx concentration on the basis, so that the soft measurement NOx concentration can closely follow the change of the actual NOx concentration in trend or numerical value.
(4) The modification amount is small. According to the invention, the difference value between the soft NOx concentration measurement value and the CEMS measured value is taken as an offset and added into the feedforward logic of the SCR ammonia injection control system, so that the instantaneous change of the NOx concentration at the SCR inlet in the soft measurement process is prevented, the complexity of the control system is increased due to the great modification of the ammonia injection logic, and only one offset calculation is added into the feedforward signal of the original ammonia injection control logic, so that the minimum modification of the original logic of the DCS and the simplest switching and withdrawing of the optimized system are realized.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a flowchart of a system and a method for accurately optimizing ammonia injection of an SCR denitration system according to the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a flowchart of the correlation coefficient analysis method for determining delay time according to the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of an application logic of the system and method for accurately optimizing ammonia injection of the SCR denitration system provided by the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further explained with reference to the drawings.
As shown in fig. 1, a method for accurately optimizing ammonia injection of an SCR denitration system includes the following steps:
step 1: testing and determining the NOx concentration measurement delay time at the inlet of the SCR; testing and determining NOx concentration response time when the NOx concentration is adjusted due to variables such as air quantity and coal quantity; designing key regulation and control equipment influencing the concentration of NOx and orthogonal tests of the full adjustable range of load to obtain operation data of the full adjustable range.
The test results provide data and relational support which accord with actual equipment characteristics for establishing a data structure of a more reasonable and effective combustion NOx concentration soft measurement model.
Step 2: carrying out delay time correction on the measured value of the NOx concentration at the SCR inlet of the DCS; constructing a data variable representing the dynamic operation characteristic of the boiler; data variables characterizing the combustion NOx concentration baseline are constructed.
And further combining with boiler operation real-time parameter variables influencing NOx generation, and constructing a soft measurement model data structure for predicting the combustion NOx concentration of the boiler under the dynamic working condition in real time.
And step 3: according to the data structure of the soft measurement model, historical data (including steady-state and dynamic working condition data during the orthogonal test and dynamic working condition data of other partial time periods) of boiler operation are collected, and the soft measurement model capable of predicting the concentration of combustion NOx under the dynamic working condition is established by utilizing a prediction algorithm and an optimization algorithm.
And 4, step 4: and (3) an external server interacting with real-time data of the DCS is built, the combustion NOx concentration is soft-measured in real time according to the real-time operation data of the boiler (about one delay time before the NOx concentration at the SCR inlet), the difference value of the combustion NOx concentration and the NOx concentration at the SCR inlet is calculated, namely the NOx concentration offset value is sent to the DCS.
And 5: in an ammonia injection control logic of the DCS, the NOx concentration offset value is added to the NOx concentration at the inlet of a feedforward variable SCR, so that the SCR accurate ammonia injection is realized.
Further, the key regulation equipment refers to key equipment influencing the concentration of NOx.
Further, the NOx concentration delay time at the SCR inlet is measured in the step 1, and a portable flue gas analyzer is used for continuously measuring the NOx concentration at the SCR inlet at the same NOx measuring point position in the process of adjusting the working condition of the boiler to change the NOx concentration at the SCR inlet. Correcting the self-measurement delay time of the portable flue gas analyzer measurement system to obtain an actual NOx concentration curve in the flue gas within the time period T, and obtaining the NOx concentration curve of the SCR inlet within the same time period T in the DCS. Calculating the correlation coefficient of the two NOx concentration curves by using a correlation coefficient analysis method (the invention preferably selects the spearman correlation coefficient, and other correlation coefficients can also be used), gradually advancing the NOx at the SCR inlet by using an iteration method, and calculating the correlation coefficient of the two NOx concentration curves; the calculation process is shown in fig. 2, and specifically includes:
(1) Assuming time t, t =0,1,2,3, · · k, k being the estimated maximum possible delay time in units of s;
(2) The method comprises the steps of shifting a NOx concentration curve of an SCR inlet forward by t, and calculating a correlation coefficient of the NOx concentration curve of the SCR inlet after the forward shift and an actual NOx concentration curve;
(3) Drawing a correlation coefficient-time t curve;
(4) The time t corresponding to the peak point of the correlation coefficient-time t curve is the measurement delay time t of the CEMS measurement system c 。
The spearman correlation coefficient calculation formula is as follows:
since the connections between variables are not critical in practical applications, the calculation can be simplified as:
where ρ is s Is the Spireman correlation coefficient, n is the number of data, d i For the difference of the two data orders:
d i ＝rg(X i )-rg(Y i ) (3)
wherein, rg (X) i ) And rg (Y) i ) Respectively showing the position of the ith data in the original arrangement after the two columns of data are arranged in ascending (descending) order. The two columns of data in the present invention are the SCR inlet NOx concentration curve and the actual NOx concentration curve.
Furthermore, the portable smoke analyzer measuring system measures delay time by itself, which means the measurement delay time of the portable smoke analyzer measuring system including a sampling gun and a pipeline. The measuring system is connected with an NO standard gas bottle, a valve of the standard gas bottle is opened until the number displayed on the smoke analyzer is basically stable along with the change of time, and the time from the opening of the valve to the time when the number displayed on the smoke analyzer is close to stability is the self-measuring delay time of the measuring system of the portable smoke analyzer.
Furthermore, in the step 1, the response time of the NOx concentration when the variables such as the air quantity and the coal quantity are adjusted is measured in a test, the changes of the air quantity and the coal quantity of the boiler corresponding to the changes of the oxygen quantity, the air distribution mode, the load and the like of the hearth have strong positive correlation with the generation of the NOx, the change from the instruction of the change of the working condition to the change of the coal supply quantity, the change of the air quantity and the air quantity of the coal quantity when the hearth is combusted and the change of the NOx generated by the combustion from the hearth to the position of the inlet measuring point of the SCR have certain delay, and the delay time is the response time of the NOx concentration. Similarly, by the correlation coefficient analysis method, a correlation coefficient-time t curve is drawn between the actual NOx concentration (after the delay time correction is carried out on the NOx concentration at the SCR inlet) and the air volume in the air volume adjusting process; drawing a correlation coefficient-time t curve of the actual NOx concentration and the coal amount in the coal amount adjusting process; and (4) taking the time corresponding to the peak point on the correlation coefficient-time t curve as the response time of the NOx concentration during air quantity and coal quantity regulation.
The concrete implementation of drawing the correlation coefficient-time t curve of the actual NOx concentration and the air volume in the air volume adjusting process is as follows:
(1) Assuming that the adjusted air volume response time t1, t1=0,1,2,3, · · k1, k1 is the estimated maximum possible response time, unit s;
(2) Moving the actual NOx concentration curve forward by t1, and calculating a correlation coefficient of the actual NOx concentration curve after the forward movement and an air volume curve;
(3) Drawing a correlation coefficient-time t curve of actual NOx concentration and air volume in the air volume adjusting process;
(4) And the time t corresponding to the peak point of the correlation coefficient-time t curve is the NOx concentration response time during air volume adjustment.
The concrete implementation of drawing the correlation coefficient-time t curve of the actual NOx concentration and the coal amount in the coal amount adjusting process is as follows:
(1) Assuming that the response time t2, t2=0,1,2,3, · · k2, k2 is the estimated maximum possible response time, unit s;
(2) Advancing the actual NOx concentration curve by t2, and calculating a correlation coefficient of the advanced actual NOx concentration curve and the coal quantity curve;
(3) Drawing a correlation coefficient-time t curve of actual NOx concentration and air volume in the coal volume adjusting process;
(4) And the time t corresponding to the peak point of the correlation coefficient-time t curve is the NOx concentration response time during coal quantity adjustment.
Further, in the step 1, a key regulation and control device influencing the NOx concentration and an orthogonal test of a full adjustable range of the load are designed, and in a conventional operation mode of the boiler, all factors influencing the NOx generation are unlikely to be adjusted to the maximum extent, especially in a combined manner, so that the load, each air door of a combustor, a baffle of a separator of a coal mill, an air-coal ratio, an over-fire air rate and other parameters are subjected to orthogonal combination of the maximum adjustable range by adopting an orthogonal test method, thereby obtaining operation data of the maximum adjustable range and providing more comprehensive data support for optimizing points.
Furthermore, in the step 2, since the delay exists in the CEMS measurement system, the NOx concentration measurement value in the DCS system is actually the delay time t at the present time since the NOx concentration measurement time in the DCS system is corrected by the delay time t c NOx concentration in the front flue, thus advancing the SCR inlet NOx concentration collected from the DCS System by t c And time is used for realizing accurate correspondence of the concentration of NOx at the inlet of the SCR and the operation condition.
Further, in the step 2, a data variable representing the dynamic operating characteristics of the boiler is constructed, the response time of the NOx concentration is adjusted according to the measured air volume, coal volume and the like, and the data of the past time of the variables such as the boiler load, the opening degree of each air door of the combustor, each coal mill separator baffle, each coal mill coal feeding quantity, each coal mill primary air volume, air-coal ratio, burn-out air rate and the like are used as the input end parameters of the soft measurement model to represent the amplitude and speed conditions of the variable working conditions, namely the dynamic change process of key parameters influencing the NOx concentration change is represented, so that the soft measurement of the combustion NOx under the dynamic working conditions is realized.
And taking one or more times of NOx concentration response time as past time by taking the NOx concentration response time as a reference, wherein the value of n is 1-5. In order to simplify workload, response time of variables such as boiler load, a baffle of a separator of a coal mill, coal feed amount of the coal mill and the like can be unified into NOx concentration response time of coal amount change, response time of variables such as primary air quantity of the coal mill, a burner air door, air-coal ratio, over-fire air rate and the like can be unified into NOx concentration response time of air quantity change, and NOx concentration response time of each variable change can be tested in a refined mode.
Further, in step 2, a data variable for representing the reference of the NOx generation concentration is constructed, so as to obtain the SCR inlet NOx concentration at the current moment (i.e. 1 SCR inlet NOx concentration delay time t) c Actual NOx concentration at a previous time) as an input variable, the inherent or dynamic chronic effects of non-instantaneously changing operating condition parameters, such as coal type, equipment or weather, on NOx concentration can be corrected. On this basis the soft measurement of the NOx concentration can closely follow the measured NOx concentration.
And 2, constructing a soft measurement model data structure for predicting the NOx combustion generation concentration under the dynamic working condition of the boiler in real time, and taking the actual NOx concentration corrected by the DCS NOx concentration measurement time as an output variable of the soft measurement model. And taking a data variable representing the dynamic operating characteristics of the boiler, a data variable representing the reference of NOx generation concentration and a boiler operation real-time parameter variable influencing NOx generation as input variables of the soft measurement model.
Further, the boiler operation historical data in the step 3 includes key regulation and control equipment influencing the concentration of the NOx, orthogonal test data of a full-load adjustable range and full-load working condition operation data in an AGC state.
In the step 3, a soft measurement model capable of predicting the concentration of the combustion NOx under the dynamic working condition is established by utilizing a prediction algorithm and an optimization algorithm, the soft measurement model of the concentration of the combustion NOx is established by adopting the prediction algorithms such as a neural network, a support vector machine and an XGboost, the key parameters of the prediction algorithm are optimized by adopting the optimization algorithms such as a genetic algorithm in the modeling process, and the overall modeling process is basically consistent with the conventional related documents. The invention is practically applied to XGboost + genetic algorithm.
And 4, an external server interacting with DCS data is built, the external server is communicated with the DCS through RS485, and the server reads the boiler operation condition parameters required by the soft measurement model in real time in the DCS. The combustion NOx concentration is measured (approximately one delay time before the SCR inlet NOx concentration) and the difference between the combustion NOx concentration and the SCR inlet NOx concentration, i.e. the NOx concentration offset, is calculated. And returning to the DCS system, thereby overcoming the problem that the DCS system cannot perform complex calculation.
As shown in fig. 3, in step 5, the NOx concentration offset value is added to the original feed forward variable SCR inlet NOx concentration in the ammonia injection control logic of the DCS system. The method adopting the offset value is mainly used for preventing the concentration of NOx at the inlet of the SCR from changing instantly in the soft measurement process on the one hand, avoiding the control system complexity from being increased due to the large modification of the ammonia injection logic on the other hand, and only adding one offset calculation to the feedforward signal of the original ammonia injection control logic to realize the minimum change of the original logic of the DCS and the simplest switching of the optimization system.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, various modifications and decorations can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these modifications and decorations should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. An accurate ammonia injection optimization method for an SCR denitration system is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1: testing and determining the NOx concentration measurement delay time at the inlet of the SCR; testing and measuring NOx concentration response time during air quantity and coal quantity adjustment; developing key regulation and control equipment influencing the concentration of NOx and an orthogonal test of a full adjustable range of load to obtain operation data of the full adjustable range;
step 2: correcting the delay time of the measured value of the NOx concentration at the inlet of the SCR of the DCS; constructing a data variable representing the dynamic operation characteristic of the boiler; constructing a data variable representing a combustion NOx concentration benchmark; constructing a soft measurement model data structure for predicting the combustion NOx concentration of the boiler under the dynamic working condition in real time by combining the boiler operation real-time parameter variables influencing the generation of the NOx concentration;
and step 3: acquiring boiler operation historical data according to a soft measurement model data structure, and establishing a soft measurement model capable of predicting the concentration of combustion NOx under a dynamic working condition by using a prediction algorithm and an optimization algorithm;
and 4, step 4: an external server interacting with real-time data of a DCS is built, real-time soft measurement of the concentration of combustion NOx is carried out according to real-time operation data of a boiler, namely compared with the concentration of NOx at an SCR inlet, the NOx concentration is advanced by about one delay time; calculating the difference value of the concentration of the combustion NOx and the concentration of the NOx at the inlet of the SCR, namely the NOx concentration offset value, and sending the NOx concentration offset value into the DCS, thereby overcoming the problem that the DCS can not perform complex calculation;
and 5: in an ammonia injection control logic of the DCS, the NOx concentration offset value is added to the NOx concentration at the inlet of a feedforward variable SCR, so that the SCR accurate ammonia injection is realized.
2. The method for accurately optimizing ammonia injection of the SCR denitration system according to claim 1, wherein the delay time of the NOx concentration at the inlet of the SCR is determined in the step 1 by a test, and the method is specifically realized as follows:
firstly, in the process of adjusting the working condition of a boiler to change the concentration of NOx at an SCR inlet, continuously measuring the NOx at the same NOx measuring point position at the SCR inlet by using a portable flue gas analyzer; secondly, correcting the self-measurement delay time of a measurement system of the portable flue gas analyzer to obtain an actual NOx concentration curve in the flue gas within a time period T, and obtaining a NOx concentration curve of an SCR inlet within the same time period T in the DCS; and finally, calculating the correlation coefficient of the two NOx concentration curves by using a correlation coefficient analysis method, gradually advancing the NOx at the SCR inlet by using an iteration method, and calculating the correlation coefficient of the two NOx concentration curves.
3. The method for accurately optimizing ammonia injection of the SCR denitration system according to claim 1, wherein the delay time of the NOx concentration at the inlet of the SCR is determined in the step 1 by a test, and the method is specifically realized as follows:
(1) Assuming time t, t =0,1,2,3, · · k, k being the estimated maximum possible delay time in units of s;
(2) The method comprises the steps of shifting a NOx concentration curve of an SCR inlet forward by t, and calculating a correlation coefficient of the NOx concentration curve of the SCR inlet after the forward shift and an actual NOx concentration curve;
(3) Drawing a correlation coefficient-time t curve;
(4) The time t corresponding to the peak point of the correlation coefficient-time t curve is the measured delay time t of the CEMS measuring system c 。
4. The method for accurately optimizing ammonia injection of the SCR denitration system according to claim 2 or 3, wherein the measurement delay time of the portable flue gas analyzer measurement system is the measurement delay time of the portable flue gas analyzer measurement system including a sampling gun and a pipeline; the measuring system is connected with an NO standard gas bottle, a valve of the standard gas bottle is opened until the number displayed on the smoke analyzer is basically stable along with the change of time, and the time from the opening of the valve to the time when the number displayed on the smoke analyzer is close to stability is the self-measuring delay time of the measuring system of the portable smoke analyzer.
5. The method for accurately optimizing ammonia injection of the SCR denitration system according to claim 2 or 3, wherein the response time of NOx concentration during the adjustment of air volume and coal volume is determined in the step 1 by tests, and the method is specifically realized as follows:
the air volume and coal volume change of the boiler correspond to the oxygen volume, air distribution mode and load change of a hearth, the change has strong positive correlation with the generation of NOx, the change from the working condition change instruction to the coal feeding volume change, the coal volume air volume change during the combustion of the hearth and the change from the hearth to the position of an SCR inlet measuring point to the NOx generated by the combustion have certain delay, and the delay time is the NOx concentration response time; similarly, a correlation coefficient analysis method is used for drawing a correlation coefficient-time t curve of the actual NOx concentration and the air volume in the air volume adjusting process; drawing a correlation coefficient-time t curve of the actual NOx concentration and the coal amount in the coal amount adjusting process; and (4) taking the time corresponding to the peak point on the correlation coefficient-time t curve as the response time of the NOx concentration during air quantity and coal quantity regulation.
6. The method for accurately optimizing ammonia injection of the SCR denitration system according to claim 5, wherein the key regulation and control equipment influencing NOx concentration and the orthogonal test in the full adjustable load range are developed in the step 1, and the method is specifically realized as follows:
in a conventional operation mode of the boiler, all factors influencing NOx generation cannot necessarily reach the maximum adjustment, particularly the combined adjustment; therefore, the parameters of the load, each air door of the combustor, a baffle of a coal mill separator, the air-coal ratio and the over-fire air rate are subjected to orthogonal combination in the maximum adjustable range by adopting an orthogonal test method, so that the operation data in the maximum adjustable range is obtained, and more comprehensive data support is provided for optimizing points.
7. The method for accurately optimizing ammonia injection of the SCR denitration system of claim 5 or 6, wherein the correction of the measurement time of the NOx concentration of the DCS in the step 2 is specifically realized as follows:
because of the delay of the CEMS measurement system, the measured value of the NOx concentration in the DCS system at the current moment is actually the delay time t c NOx concentration in the front flue, thus advancing the SCR inlet NOx concentration collected from the DCS System by t c And time is used for realizing accurate correspondence between the concentration of NOx at the inlet of the SCR and the operation condition.
8. The method for accurately optimizing ammonia injection of the SCR denitration system according to claim 7, wherein the data variables representing the dynamic operating characteristics of the boiler and the data variables representing the reference of NOx generation concentration are constructed in the step 2, and are specifically realized as follows:
constructing a data variable representing the dynamic operating characteristics of the boiler in the step 2, adjusting the response time of NOx concentration according to the measured air volume and coal volume, and using the data of the boiler load, the opening of each air door of a combustor, each coal mill separator baffle, each coal mill coal feeding quantity, the primary air volume of each coal mill, the air-coal ratio and the burn-out air rate at the past moment as the input end parameters of a soft measurement model to represent the amplitude and speed conditions of variable working conditions, namely representing the dynamic change process of key parameters influencing the change of NOx concentration and realizing the combustion NOx soft measurement under the dynamic working conditions;
in the step 2, a data variable representing the reference of NOx generation concentration is constructed, and the SCR inlet NOx concentration at the current moment is taken as an input variable, namely 1 SCR inlet NOx concentration delay time t c The actual NOx concentration at the previous moment is used as an input variable, so that the inherent or dynamic chronic influence of the working condition parameters comprising non-instantaneous changes of coal types, equipment or weather on the NOx concentration is corrected; on the basis of theThe soft measurement of the NOx concentration can closely follow the actually measured NOx concentration;
the data of the past time takes NOx concentration response time as a reference, one or more than n times of NOx concentration response time is taken as the past time, and meanwhile, in order to simplify workload, the response time of variables of boiler load, a baffle of a separator of a coal mill and coal feeding quantity of the coal mill is unified into the NOx concentration response time of coal quantity change; the response time of the variables of the primary air quantity of the coal mill, the air door of the burner, the air-coal ratio and the burn-out air rate is unified as the response time of the NOx concentration of the air quantity change.
9. The method for accurately optimizing ammonia injection of the SCR denitration system according to claim 7 or 8, wherein the step 2 is implemented by constructing a soft measurement model data structure for predicting the generation concentration of combustion NOx under the dynamic working condition of the boiler in real time, and the method is specifically implemented as follows:
taking the actual NOx concentration after the correction of the NOx concentration measurement time of the DCS as an output variable of a soft measurement model; and taking a data variable representing the dynamic operating characteristics of the boiler, a data variable representing the reference of NOx generation concentration and a boiler operation real-time parameter variable influencing NOx generation as input variables of the soft measurement model.
10. The method of claim 9, wherein step 5 is performed by adding a NOx concentration offset value to the original feed forward variable SCR inlet NOx concentration in the ammonia injection control logic of the DCS system, so as to achieve the minimum change in the original ammonia injection control logic of the DCS system and the simplest deployment and retraction of the optimization system.
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