CN108628177A - A kind of SCR denitration intelligence spray ammonia optimization method and system based on model adaptation PID - Google Patents
A kind of SCR denitration intelligence spray ammonia optimization method and system based on model adaptation PID Download PDFInfo
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- CN108628177A CN108628177A CN201810710315.3A CN201810710315A CN108628177A CN 108628177 A CN108628177 A CN 108628177A CN 201810710315 A CN201810710315 A CN 201810710315A CN 108628177 A CN108628177 A CN 108628177A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
- G05B—CONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
- G05B13/00—Adaptive control systems, i.e. systems automatically adjusting themselves to have a performance which is optimum according to some preassigned criterion
- G05B13/02—Adaptive control systems, i.e. systems automatically adjusting themselves to have a performance which is optimum according to some preassigned criterion electric
- G05B13/04—Adaptive control systems, i.e. systems automatically adjusting themselves to have a performance which is optimum according to some preassigned criterion electric involving the use of models or simulators
- G05B13/048—Adaptive control systems, i.e. systems automatically adjusting themselves to have a performance which is optimum according to some preassigned criterion electric involving the use of models or simulators using a predictor
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of, and the SCR denitration based on model adaptation PID intelligently sprays ammonia optimization method and system.This method is：1) operation data based on fossil-fired unit combustion system establishes inlet nitrogen oxides concentration model；Using the model and the operation data currently acquired, the predicted value of inlet nitrogen oxides concentration is obtained；2) SCR denitration system is sent to as feed-forward signal according to ammonia spraying amount under predictor calculation current working；3) measured value for exporting nitrous oxides concentration and setting value are done into input adaptive PID controller after deviation, obtains ammonia spraying amount feedback control signal and is sent to SCR denitration system；4) SCR denitration system controls the ammonia spraying amount of SCR denitration reactor according to the ammonia spraying amount feed-forward signal and ammonia spraying amount feedback control signal.The advantages that this system has the speed of response high, and investment is smaller, transformation short time limit, and can ensure to discharge in variable working condition stably reaching standard.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the out of stock technical fields of thermoelectricity, and it is excellent to be related to a kind of SCR (selective catalytic reduction) denitration intelligence spray ammonia
Change method and system more particularly to a kind of intelligently spray ammonia is excellent based on matrix form measuring instrumentss and the SCR denitration of model adaptation PID
Change method and system.
Background technology
Currently, in order to realize that nitrogen oxides minimum discharge, most of coal fired thermal power plant are assembled with SCR denitration device, adopt
With CEMS systems (smoke on-line monitoring system) acquisition entrance, outlet nitrous oxides concentration, PID (ratios-product are then carried out again
Point-differential) feedback control.
PID/feedback controls as shown in Figure 1, ammonia flow calculated value is (inlet nitrogen oxides concentration measurement-outlet nitrogen oxidation
Object concentration measurement) × exhaust gas volumn × ammonia nitrogen molar ratio, wherein ammonia nitrogen molar ratio is essentially fixed value, and inlet nitrogen oxides are dense
Degree, exports nitrous oxides concentration, and exhaust gas volumn is obtained by instrument measurement.
There are following problems for said program：
1. entrance, outlet nitrous oxides concentration use CEMS systematic surveys, CEMS systematic sampling pipelines are long, cause to survey
Measure it is pure delay it is larger, measured value have 2-3 minutes postpone；
2. existing CEMS systems use single-point sampling and measuring, therefore it is average dense to cause measurement data that cannot represent whole cross section
Degree；
3. using PID control, pid parameter just no longer changes after initial setting is good, so in unit load operating condition
When variation, denitrating system adjusts not in time, is susceptible to discharge beyond standards；
4. in order to ensure qualified discharge, the setting value of pid parameter is set to very low by power plant operations staff, causes to spray ammonia
Measure excessive, control system overshoot is larger, and the system speed of response is relatively low.Reducing agent is not only wasted, it is stifled to also add follow-up equipment
The risk of plug.
Therefore, a kind of SCR intelligent optimizations spray ammonia system is developed, realizes that precisely spray ammonia is for SCR denitration device safety economy
Operation is of great significance.
Invention content
For the technical problems in the prior art, the purpose of the present invention is to provide one kind being based on model adaptation
The SCR denitration of PID intelligently sprays ammonia optimization method and system.
A kind of SCR denitration intelligence spray ammonia optimization method based on model adaptation PID, step include：
1) operation data based on fossil-fired unit combustion system establishes inlet nitrogen oxides concentration model；Then sharp
With the inlet nitrogen oxides concentration model and the operation data currently acquired, the predicted value of inlet nitrogen oxides concentration is obtained；
2) according under the current operating condition of inlet nitrogen oxides concentration prediction value calculating, ammonia spraying amount is as feed-forward signal, by this
Ammonia spraying amount feed-forward signal is sent to SCR denitration system；
3) measured value for measuring the outlet nitrous oxides concentration of fossil-fired unit combustion system, by the measured value and outlet
Nitrous oxides concentration setting value does input adaptive PID controller after deviation, and self-adaptive PID controller is sprayed based on the deviation
Ammonia amount feedback control signal is simultaneously sent to SCR denitration system；
4) SCR denitration system is according to the ammonia spraying amount feed-forward signal and the control SCR denitration reaction of ammonia spraying amount feedback control signal
The ammonia spraying amount of device.
Further, the operation data is divided by pivot analysis algorithm, is determined and inlet nitrogen oxides
It is associated with close parameter；Then it will determine to be associated with close parameter with inlet nitrogen oxides as training data, using depth
Learning algorithm or least square method supporting vector machine algorithm are spent, inlet nitrogen oxides concentration model is established.
Further, the operation data includes unit load, primary air flow, secondary air flow, total coal amount, coal pulverizer operation
Number of units.
Further, the method for obtaining the ammonia spraying amount feed-forward signal is：The predicted value is multiplied by exhaust gas volumn, then again
It is multiplied by ammonia nitrogen molar ratio computing and calculates ammonia amount demand, the ammonia spraying amount feed-forward signal as SCR denitration system.
Further, the self-adaptive PID controller Dynamic Identification SCR sprays ammonia system model, is changed according to model adaptive
Pid parameter should be adjusted；Genetic algorithm may be used in self-adaptive PID controller parameter or PSO algorithm optimizations obtain.Further
, the measured value of the outlet nitrous oxides concentration is measured using multiple spot matrix form measuring instrumentss.
A kind of SCR denitration intelligence spray ammonia optimization system based on model adaptation PID, which is characterized in that including ammonia spraying amount
Feed-forward signal generates unit, self-adaptive PID controller and SCR denitration system；Wherein,
The ammonia spraying amount feed-forward signal generates unit, connects coal fired power generating unit combustion system operation data sensor, is based on
The operation data of fossil-fired unit combustion system operation data sensor acquisition, establishes inlet nitrogen oxides concentration model；And
Using the inlet nitrogen oxides concentration model and the operation data currently acquired, the predicted value of inlet nitrogen oxides concentration is obtained,
Then the ammonia spraying amount feed-forward signal under current operating condition is calculated according to inlet nitrogen oxides concentration prediction value；
The self-adaptive PID controller, connection outlet nitrous oxides concentration measuring instrumentss, for according to fossil-fired unit
It is anti-that the measured value of the outlet nitrous oxides concentration of combustion system and the deviation for exporting nitrous oxides concentration setting value obtain ammonia spraying amount
Feedforward control signal；
The SCR denitration system is separately connected the ammonia spraying amount feed-forward signal and generates unit and the Adaptive PID Control
Device is to receive the ammonia spraying amount feed-forward signal and ammonia spraying amount feedback control signal, for according to the ammonia spraying amount feed-forward signal and spray ammonia
Measure the ammonia spraying amount of feedback control signal control SCR denitration reactor.
The present invention acquires the data such as fossil-fired unit combustion system First air, Secondary Air, load first, is then based on and adopts
Collection data establish inlet nitrogen oxides concentration model, are then obtained according to current gathered data and inlet nitrogen oxides concentration model
Then inlet nitrogen oxides concentration prediction value calculates ammonia spraying amount under current operating condition according to inlet nitrogen oxides concentration prediction value
Feedforward is added to nitrous oxides concentration feedback control loop by feedforward, realizes precisely spray ammonia.
Inlet nitrogen oxides concentration prediction method：
According to boiler operatiopn data, initial option unit load, primary air flow, secondary air flow, total coal amount, coal pulverizer operation
Number of units parameter and corresponding inlet nitrogen oxides concentration, first analyze selected parameter by pivot analysis algorithm, determine
Go out and be associated with close parameter with inlet nitrogen oxides, that is, determines major parameter and minor parameter.Then, it will determine and enter
Mouth nitrogen oxides is associated with close parameter as training data, is calculated using deep learning algorithm or least square method supporting vector machine
Method establishes inlet nitrogen oxides concentration model, to utilize the inlet nitrogen oxides concentration model realization to inlet nitrogen oxides
The prediction of concentration.Wherein, be associated with inlet nitrogen oxides close parameter include total blast volume, total coal amount, coal-air ratio, First air with
Secondary Air ratio.
Then, SCR is established based on operation data and sprays ammonia system model, it is adaptive to adjust when detecting operating condition variation
Pid parameter, to realize optimal control.
SCR spray ammonia system models are the denitration moulds established according to inlet nitrogen oxides concentration and outlet nitrous oxides concentration
Type is combined foundation based on mechanism with data, and data are inlet nitrogen oxides concentration and outlet nitrous oxides concentration parameter.It is based on
The best PID controls under current working can be obtained using genetic algorithm or PSO optimization algorithms in current spray ammonia system model parameter
Parameter processed.In actual operation, the continuous on-line identification SCR of system sprays ammonia model, when monitoring that model variation is bigger,
Pid parameter is recalculated, to realize that pid parameter adaptively adjusts, remains preferable control parameter.
The present invention can also obtain the system performance parameter of typical condition by on-the-spot test.Then, according to different typical works
Condition determines several groups of PID controller parameters.In actual operation, operating condition is detected automatically, is then determined and is used current working pair
The more excellent pid parameter answered, i.e., switch over according to operating condition difference, realizes segmentation PID.
Entrance of the present invention, outlet nitrous oxides concentration are measured using matrix form CEMS measuring instrumentss, can be measured dense
The average value of degree.
To sum up, innovation of the invention is：
(1) it is directed to nitrogen oxides and measures and postpone big problem, the present invention proposes the scheme using hard measurement.Hard measurement is
By establishing the model of the data such as boiler operating parameter, such as First air, Secondary Air, load and nitrous oxides concentration, pass through meter
The mode of calculation obtains the value of nitrous oxides concentration, so as to avoid the delay of practical measuring instrumentss, is controlled in advance to realize.
(2) it is directed to existing instrument single-point sampling and measuring, measurement result does not have representative problem, it is proposed that uses matrix
Formula measuring instrumentss, matrix form measurement are then remixed by multidraw, measurement result energy reaction density average value.
(3) it is directed to the problem of control algolithm control characteristic difference, it is proposed that the control that feedback is combined is added using Intelligent Feed-forward
Scheme, Intelligent Feed-forward are mainly to be calculated by the nitrous oxides concentration predicted.Controller is mainly improved in terms of feedback.
It can realize through the invention：
1. denitration outlet nitrous oxides concentration deviation can be controlled in 5~10mg/Nm3Between, it is ensured that in variable working condition
In the case of stably reaching standard discharge.
2. the system speed of response of denitration control system is high, investment is smaller, and short time limit is transformed.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is existing system control flow chart；
Fig. 2 is the control flow chart of the present invention；
Fig. 3 is present system control platform Organization Chart.
Specific implementation mode
The present invention is described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.
This programme mainly proposes a kind of denitration that inlet nitrogen oxides concentration soft-sensing is combined with operating mode self-adaptive PID
Optimal control method flow.
The present invention acquires the data such as fossil-fired unit combustion system First air, Secondary Air, load and joins with these first
The corresponding inlet nitrogen oxides concentration of number, establishes inlet nitrogen oxides concentration model.
As shown in Fig. 2, based on parameters such as boiler primary air flow, secondary air flow, coal-supplying amount, pulverized coal preparation system operation number of units, root
According to above-mentioned inlet nitrogen oxides concentration model, obtain inlet nitrogen oxides concentration prediction value, multiplied by with exhaust gas volumn, then multiplied by with
Ammonia nitrogen molar ratio computing calculates ammonia amount demand, and as SCR denitration system feed-forward signal, feed-forward signal can ensure load variations
When, it can quickly adjust ammonia spraying amount.
In order to accurately measure nitrous oxides concentration, using multiple spot matrix form measuring instrumentss.Multiple spot matrix form measuring instrumentss are
By extracting the flue gas in 3-5 section in flue, is then mixed, outlet nitrogen oxides is obtained into CEMS measurements after mixing
Concentration measured value.The data accuracy that this method measures is higher.After outlet nitrous oxides concentration setting and measured value do deviation
Into self-adaptive PID controller, as ammonia spraying amount feedback control signal.Self-adaptive PID controller parameter sprays ammonia system according to SCR
Model adaptation adjusts.
Wherein, " exhaust gas volumn " refers to the boiler smoke tolerance actually measured, and unit is NM3/h." ammonia nitrogen molar ratio " refers to taking off
The ratio of ammonia and nitrous oxides concentration in nitre is Common Concepts in denitration, generally 0.7-0.9." ammonia amount demand "
Calculation formula is：Ammonia demand=inlet nitrogen oxides × exhaust gas volumn × ammonia nitrogen molar ratio.
It in order to ensure that the algorithm can be applied at the scene, and maintains secrecy to control algolithm, the implementation of this programme is based on taking off
Nitre optimal control platform is realized.The core of the platform is a high performance optimal controller, by data collecting card part from DCS
System, which obtains, calculates required parameter, after calculating, returns again to former DCS system, realizes closed-loop control.Controller and original DCS systems
System communication can carry out two-way communication using communication modes such as modbus, RS485 with domestic mainstream DCS system.Denitration optimization control
No-harass switch may be implemented with DCS field controllers in device processed.Control platform is as shown in figure 3, include mainly being in optimal controller
Communication module of uniting and core algorithm computing module, system communication module are mainly responsible for realization and carry out data input, output with DCS.
Core algorithm module mainly realizes system optimizing control.When system operation, operation number is acquired by system communication module first
According to being then input to core algorithm module, core algorithm module is output to DCS system again, to realize closed-loop control.
Table 1 is the comparison using the method for the present invention and existing method in actual operation, be can be seen that from these comparisons
Using the method for the present invention, the accurate spray ammonia of SCR denitration device may be implemented, improve running efficiency of system, reduce cost.
Table 1 is actual motion Contrast on effect
Dynamic operation condition operational effect comparative analysis
Operational effect before 1 transformation
【1】Unit load up operating mode
Reactor outlet NO under variable working conditionxThe dynamic characteristic of content is that investigation denitrating system automatic control effect is most important
One of part.Reactor outlet NO during this partial analysis load upxThe dynamic characteristic of content.
During load is nearby risen to 395MW by 365MW nearby, denitrating system first, second side reaction device exports NOxContent
Statistical analysis such as table 2.
Table 2 is that 365MW rises to 395MW load section denitration performance data
【2】Unit load down operating mode
It is reactor outlet NO during load down belowxThe analysis of the dynamic characteristic of content.
During load is nearby down to 330MW by 500MW nearby, denitrating system first, second side reaction device exports NOxContent
Statistical analysis such as table 3.
Table 3 is that 500MW is down to 330MW load section denitration performance data
Operational effect after 2 transformations
【1】Unit load up operating mode
Operational process when rising to 500MW from 400MW below for unit load can open generally in this load up section
Move a coal pulverizer.To reactor inlet NO during the start and stop of millxThe temporary influence of content is very big, reactor outlet NOxContent is super
Mark is also affected by this mostly.
During load rises to 500MW by 400MW, denitrating system first, second side reaction device exports NOxThe statistical analysis of content
Such as table 4.
Table 4 is that load rises to 500MW traffic coverage denitration performance data by 400MW
Load rises to 600MW traffic coverages by 550MW, and denitrating system first, second side reaction device exports NOxThe statistical of content
Analysis such as table 5.
Table 5 is that load rises to 600MW traffic coverage denitration performance data by 550MW
【2】Unit load down operating mode
This part will in the same way analyze the performance of Benitration reactor during load down.
Load is down to 550MW traffic coverages by 600MW, and denitrating system first, second side reaction device exports NOxThe statistical of content
Analysis such as table 6.
Table 6 is that load is down to 550MW traffic coverage denitration performance data by 600MW
Load is down to 500MW traffic coverages by 550MW, and denitrating system first, second side reaction device exports NOxContent statistical analysis
Such as table 7.
Table 7 is that load is down to 500MW traffic coverage denitration performance data by 550MW
Load is down to 400MW traffic coverages by 500MW, and denitrating system first, second side reaction device exports NOxContent statistical analysis
Such as table 8.
Table 8 is that load is down to 400MW traffic coverage denitration performance data by 500MW
The foregoing is merely presently preferred embodiments of the present invention, is not intended to limit the invention, and those skilled in the art answers
It is understood that any modification made by all within the spirits and principles of the present invention, equivalent replacement or improvement etc., should be included in this
Within the protection domain of invention, protection domain is subject to those as defined in claim.
Claims (10)
1. intelligently spray ammonia optimization method, step include a kind of SCR denitration based on model adaptation PID：
1) operation data based on fossil-fired unit combustion system establishes inlet nitrogen oxides concentration model；Then utilizing should
Inlet nitrogen oxides concentration model and the operation data currently acquired, obtain the predicted value of inlet nitrogen oxides concentration；
2) according under the current operating condition of inlet nitrogen oxides concentration prediction value calculating, ammonia spraying amount is as feed-forward signal, by the spray ammonia
Amount feed-forward signal is sent to SCR denitration system；
3) measured value for measuring the outlet nitrous oxides concentration of fossil-fired unit combustion system, by the measured value and outlet nitrogen oxygen
Compound concentration set point does input adaptive PID controller after deviation, and self-adaptive PID controller obtains ammonia spraying amount based on the deviation
Feedback control signal is simultaneously sent to SCR denitration system；PID controller parameter is according to current combustion system and SCR denitration system
Actual operating mode is adaptively adjusted；
4) SCR denitration system controls SCR denitration reactor according to the ammonia spraying amount feed-forward signal and ammonia spraying amount feedback control signal
Ammonia spraying amount.
2. the method as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that drawn to the operation data by pivot analysis algorithm
Point, it determines to be associated with close parameter with inlet nitrogen oxides；Then it will determine to be associated with inlet nitrogen oxides closely
Parameter establishes inlet nitrogen oxides as training data using deep learning algorithm or least square method supporting vector machine algorithm
Concentration model.
3. method as claimed in claim 1 or 2, which is characterized in that the operation data include unit load, primary air flow,
Secondary air flow, total coal amount, coal pulverizer run number of units.
4. the method as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that the method for obtaining the ammonia spraying amount feed-forward signal is：It will be described
Predicted value is multiplied by exhaust gas volumn, then ammonia amount demand is calculated multiplied by with ammonia nitrogen molar ratio computing, described in SCR denitration system
Ammonia spraying amount feed-forward signal.
5. the method as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that the self-adaptive PID controller is dense according to inlet nitrogen oxides
Degree and outlet nitrous oxides concentration establish SCR spray ammonia system models；Then use genetic algorithm or PSO optimization algorithms to SCR
Spray ammonia system model parameter optimizes, and obtains the PID optimal parameters of the self-adaptive PID controller.
6. the method as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that measure the outlet nitrogen oxygen using multiple spot matrix form measuring instrumentss
The measured value of compound concentration.
7. a kind of SCR denitration based on model adaptation PID intelligently sprays ammonia optimization system, which is characterized in that before ammonia spraying amount
Feedback signal generates unit, self-adaptive PID controller and SCR denitration system；Wherein,
The ammonia spraying amount feed-forward signal generates unit, connects coal fired power generating unit combustion system operation data sensor, based on fire coal
The operation data of fired power generating unit combustion system operation data sensor acquisition, establishes inlet nitrogen oxides concentration model；And it utilizes
The inlet nitrogen oxides concentration model and the operation data currently acquired, obtain the predicted value of inlet nitrogen oxides concentration, then
The ammonia spraying amount feed-forward signal under current operating condition is calculated according to inlet nitrogen oxides concentration prediction value；
The self-adaptive PID controller, connection outlet nitrous oxides concentration measuring instrumentss, for being burnt according to fossil-fired unit
The measured value of the outlet nitrous oxides concentration of system and the deviation for exporting nitrous oxides concentration setting value obtain ammonia spraying amount feedback and control
Signal processed；
The SCR denitration system, be separately connected the ammonia spraying amount feed-forward signal generate unit and the self-adaptive PID controller with
The ammonia spraying amount feed-forward signal and ammonia spraying amount feedback control signal are received, for anti-according to the ammonia spraying amount feed-forward signal and ammonia spraying amount
Feedforward control signal controls the ammonia spraying amount of SCR denitration reactor.
8. system as claimed in claim 7, which is characterized in that drawn to the operation data by pivot analysis algorithm
Point, it determines to be associated with close parameter with inlet nitrogen oxides；Then it will determine to be associated with inlet nitrogen oxides closely
Parameter establishes inlet nitrogen oxides as training data using deep learning algorithm or least square method supporting vector machine algorithm
Concentration model；The operation data includes unit load, primary air flow, secondary air flow, total coal amount, coal pulverizer operation number of units.
9. system as claimed in claim 7, which is characterized in that the self-adaptive PID controller is dense according to inlet nitrogen oxides
Degree and outlet nitrous oxides concentration establish SCR spray ammonia system models；Then use genetic algorithm or PSO optimization algorithms to SCR
Spray ammonia system model parameter optimizes, and obtains the PID optimal parameters of the self-adaptive PID controller.
10. system as claimed in claim 7, which is characterized in that measure the outlet nitrogen using multiple spot matrix form measuring instrumentss
The measured value of oxide concentration.
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