CN115152552B - Method for reducing amylose content of rice and regulating Wx gene expression of rice - Google Patents
Method for reducing amylose content of rice and regulating Wx gene expression of rice Download PDFInfo
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/20—Cereals
- A01G22/22—Rice
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for reducing the amylose content of rice and regulating and controlling the Wx gene expression of the rice, belonging to the field of agricultural production. The method irrigates paddy fields from the green returning period to the grouting period by using common hydrogen-rich water and/or nano bubble hydrogen water through flood irrigation and/or spray irrigation, and effectively reduces the amylose content of paddy fields. The method can improve the quality of rice and improve the quality of taste.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of agricultural production, and relates to a method for reducing the amylose content of rice and regulating and controlling the Wx gene expression of the rice. In particular, the invention relates to an application of hydrogen-rich water in reducing the amylose content of rice and regulating and controlling the Wx gene expression of the rice.
Background
Rice is an important and widely planted cereal crop. Rice yields in asia account for around 90% of the world. Rice (also called Rice) obtained by the procedures of cleaning, hulling, milling, finishing finished products and the like is an important staple food. With the continuous improvement of economic development and living standard, the pursuit of rice quality is also continuously increased. Therefore, agricultural production technology is continuously improved to improve the nutrition and taste quality of rice.
The starch in rice is a polysaccharide polymer compound composed of glucose, and comprises branched amylopectin and linear amylose. The content, molecular weight, spatial structure and interrelationship of the two types of starch are important factors influencing the quality of rice, and can also directly influence the absorption of water and the expansion of volume of rice in the cooking process. If the content of amylose is high, the cooked rice has low toughness, taste, low viscosity, low elasticity and poor luster. On the contrary, if the content of amylose is low, the cooked rice has higher viscosity, high toughness and taste, high elasticity and better taste. Generally, rice with an amylose content of 20% or more has a poor taste, and amylose has a good taste of 15% to 20% or less.
One of the main reasons for the slower progress in improving the quality of rice is the complexity of rice quality inheritance and the limitations of conventional breeding means. The Chinese patent No. CN105671183B discloses a molecular marker of rice amylose content micro-control gene AGPL3 and application thereof. It discloses that the traditional breeding method mainly performs directional selection and fixation on favorable target characters, and breeds excellent new varieties, which has great blindness and unpredictability. Therefore, the breeding process of rice varieties with low amylose content is complex, the cost is high, the genetic stability is poor, and the breeding result is often not ideal. The large-scale environmental release and commercial production of transgenic rice can also present potential biosafety issues. Therefore, there is a new trend to improve the quality of rice by improving agricultural production technologies.
Hydrogen (H) 2 ) Is a common gas with reducing property. The Chinese patent No. CN102657221B discloses a hydrogen-rich liquid plant growth regulator and a preparation method and application thereof. The hydrogen-rich liquid plant growth regulator can improve stress resistance, stress tolerance, agronomic shape and metabolic function of crops, and has excellent cost performance and environmental protection advantages compared with other chemical regulation methods. Hydrogen is used as a signal molecule, so that the capability of crops for resisting heavy metal stress can be improved, and the capability of crops for resisting ultraviolet radiation can be improved. The hydrogen can promote the absorption of crops to nutrients and improve the quality of agricultural products. However, the hydrogen preparation has high cost, short half-life period and short acting time.
The Chinese patent No. CN106699330A discloses a preparation method and application of a slow-release and controlled-release hydrogen fertilizer or a compound hydrogen fertilizer. It disclosesMagnesium dihydroxide (MgH) 2 ) And the like can be used as slow release fertilizer for farmlands to promote crop growth. However, the magnesium hydride is applied to the soil to generate alkaline substances, which easily aggravate local salinization of the soil.
Disclosure of Invention
A method for reducing amylose content of rice and a method for regulating Wx gene expression of rice are disclosed. Unlike rice breeding to improve quality in available technology, the present application irrigates rice farm with hydrogen-rich water. Furthermore, the nanometer bubble hydrogen water with high hydrogen concentration, long half-life and low cost is prepared by adopting the micro-nano aeration device, and the biological effect is more obvious.
In a first aspect, the invention provides a method for reducing amylose content of paddy rice, comprising irrigating paddy rice farmlands with ordinary hydrogen-rich water and/or nanobubble hydrogen water.
Further, the dissolved hydrogen concentration in the ordinary hydrogen-rich water and/or nanobubble hydrogen water has a specific concentration range, preferably 500 to 1600ppb, more preferably 700 to 1400ppb, and most preferably 1000 to 1200ppb.
Furthermore, the common hydrogen-rich water and/or nano bubble hydrogen water irrigates to reduce the content of amylose by 4% -40%.
Further, the total amount of the common hydrogen-rich water and/or nano bubble hydrogen water irrigated in the period from the green returning period to the grouting period of each season of paddy rice is 1200-5400 m 3 /hm 2 。
Further, the common hydrogen-rich water and/or nano bubble hydrogen water is used for irrigating 3-8 times from the green returning period to the grouting period of the rice in each season.
Further, in the nano bubble hydrogen water, the diameter of the nano bubble is in the range of 30-600 nm, more preferably in the range of 30-500 nm.
Further, the half-life period of the hydrogen in the nano bubble hydrogen water is 3-8 h.
Further, the paddy rice is irrigated by a flood irrigation and/or a spray irrigation mode.
Further, the nano bubble hydrogen water is obtained by mixing hydrogen with an irrigation water source by utilizing a micro-nano aeration device.
In a second aspect, the invention provides a method for regulating the Wx gene expression of paddy rice, which uses common hydrogen-rich water and/or nano bubble hydrogen water to irrigate paddy rice farmlands. Specifically, the common hydrogen-rich water and/or nano bubble hydrogen water are used for irrigating paddy fields, so that the expression level of Wx genes of paddy can be reduced, and the content of amylose in paddy can be reduced.
Accordingly, the method for reducing amylose content of rice according to the first aspect of the present invention can reduce amylose content in rice by regulating expression of Wx gene.
The technical scheme of the application not only can provide practical basis for the development and physiology research of crops, but also provides a new practical thought for the chemical regulation and control of agricultural products and the development of agricultural products, and simultaneously has the following advantages:
1. the applicant finds that the common hydrogen-rich water and/or nano bubble hydrogen water irrigation with specific concentration (lower than the saturation concentration) can effectively reduce the content of amylose in rice and improve the nutrition and taste quality of rice. Although this particular concentration range floats for different rice varieties, the applicant has observed a significant characteristic of ordinary hydrogen-rich water and/or nanobubble hydrogen water in exerting biological effects.
2. The applicant found that the hydrogen in the nanobubble hydrogen water was dissolved as much as possible, the residence time in the water was longer and the half-life was longer. Therefore, after nano bubble hydrogen water irrigation, the amylose content of rice is obviously reduced, and the method is more suitable for the actual conditions of large irrigation area and long irrigation time consumption in farmland production.
3. The common hydrogen-rich water and/or nano bubble hydrogen water can be directly used as irrigation water source, and has no irritation to human body. And the diffusion is fast after farmland irrigation. Stable chemical property, high safety, and far lower than the lowest limit (about 4%) of hydrogen explosion.
4. The common hydrogen-rich water and/or nano bubble hydrogen water is only composed of hydrogen and water, so that the pollution is avoided, and the adverse effect on human body or environment is avoided.
Detailed Description
Specific embodiments of the present application are described in detail below. However, the present application should be understood not to be limited to such an embodiment described below, and the technical idea of the present application may be implemented in combination with other known technologies or other technologies having functions identical to those of the known technologies.
Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and the like, are used for descriptive purposes only and are not intended to be limiting with respect to time sequence, number, or importance, but are not to be construed as indicating or implying a relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of features indicated, but merely for distinguishing one feature from another in the present disclosure. Thus, a feature defining "a first" or "a second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more such feature. In the description of the present application, the meaning of "a plurality" is two or more, unless explicitly specified otherwise. Likewise, the appearances of the phrase "a" or "an" in this document are not meant to be limiting, but rather describing features that have not been apparent from the foregoing. Likewise, unless a particular quantity of a noun is to be construed as encompassing both the singular and the plural, both the singular and the plural may be included in this disclosure. Likewise, modifiers similar to "about" and "approximately" appearing before a number in this document generally include the number, and their specific meaning should be understood in conjunction with the context.
It should be understood that in this application, "at least one" means one or more, and "a plurality" means two or more. "and/or" is used to describe association relationships of associated objects, meaning that there may be three relationships, e.g., "a and/or B" may mean: only a, only B and both a and B are present, wherein a, B may be singular or plural. The character "/" generally indicates that the context-dependent object is an "or" relationship. "at least one of" or the like means any combination of these items, including any combination of single item(s) or plural items(s). For example, at least one (one) of a, b or c may represent: a, b, c, "a and b", "a and c", "b and c", or "a and b and c", wherein a, b, c may be single or plural.
Each aspect or embodiment defined herein may be combined with any other aspect or embodiment unless clearly indicated to the contrary. In particular, any feature indicated as being preferred or advantageous may be combined with any other feature or features indicated as being preferred or advantageous.
Gas-liquid mixture fluids containing microscopic bubbles (i.e., millimeter, micrometer, and nanometer sized bubbles) are used in a variety of industries. The micro-nano aeration device described in the application can dissolve gas into liquid in a high-speed rotary cutting mode, and micro-nano bubbles with diameters smaller than 600nm are generated, so that the gas is quickly and efficiently dissolved into the liquid. The micro-nano aeration device can improve the dissolution efficiency of the gas. Micro-nano bubbles have the advantages of small bubbles, large specific surface area, slow rising speed, long residence time and the like. Researches show that the attenuation speed of micro-nano bubbles is slower, and the micro-nano bubbles can be more suitable for the requirement of aeration. The micro-nano aeration device used in the application can be a device adopting micro-nano bubble technology well known to the person skilled in the art, and mainly comprises a pipeline, a micro-nano gas-liquid mixing tank, a micro-nano aeration head, a control system, a safety interlocking system and the like. The rated water production range of the device is about 25-40 tons/hour, and the inlet flow of hydrogen can reach 30-50 SLMP. The average diameter of bubbles in the nano bubble hydrogen water which can be prepared by the device is distributed between 30 and 500nm, further distributed between 250 and 350nm, and further the average diameter can reach about 300nm. The dissolved hydrogen concentration of the nano bubble hydrogen water prepared by the device can be adjusted within the range of 0-1600ppb as required.
As used herein, "half-life" refers to the time required for a concentration to halve. After dissolution of hydrogen in water, it slowly leaves the water in an open container, and the hydrogen concentration in the water gradually decreases, which is called the "fair dissolution" phenomenon. In an open vessel, the hydrogen half-life in normal hydrogen-rich water is about 1 to 2 hours, and the hydrogen half-life in nanobubble hydrogen water (Nano bubble Hydrogen Water) varies from about 3 to 8 hours depending on the concentration.
As used herein, "hydrogen rich water," Hydrogen Rich Water (HRW), refers to hydrogen rich water. The solubility of hydrogen refers to the volume of hydrogen (which is at 1 atm) dissolved in 1 volume of water at a certain temperature. The solubility of hydrogen was 1.83% under standard conditions (one atmosphere and 20 ℃), i.e. 1.83 ml of hydrogen was dissolved per 100 ml of water. The above volume ratio and mass ratio can be converted to dissolve 1.6mg of hydrogen gas per 1 liter of water, that is, the saturated concentration of hydrogen water is 1.6ppm.
Common hydrogen-rich water: the hydrogen generator (model is SHC-500, saikesi, shandong, china) is electrolyzed by direct current to obtain hydrogen (purity > 99.999%) after separation of potassium hydroxide solution and water and gas, and then the hydrogen is introduced into irrigation water source for a certain time to obtain common hydrogen-rich water with hydrogen bubble diameter more than 1 μm. The normal hydrogen-rich water may be mixed with the irrigation water source, either alone or in combination, to achieve the desired concentration.
Nanobubble hydrogen water: and mixing the hydrogen with an irrigation water source by utilizing a micro-nano aeration device to prepare nano bubble hydrogen water. In nano bubble hydrogen water, ultrafine bubbles wrap hydrogen in the nano bubble hydrogen water to prevent hydrogen from escaping. The application can be according to the demand of farmland irrigation, with nanometer bubble hydrogen water alone or with irrigation water source misce bene in order to reach required concentration. The hydrogen may be derived from steel cylinder gas or physically/chemically produced hydrogen. As used herein, "nanobubble hydrogen water" may be understood as hydrogen-rich water having nanobubbles with diameters in the range of 30nm to 600 nm. The nanobubbles may have an average diameter of less than 600nm, or less than 500nm, or an average diameter ranging from about 30nm to 400nm, or an average diameter ranging from about 50nm to about 350nm, or an average diameter ranging from about 75nm to about 300nm, or an average diameter ranging from about 100nm to 250nm, or an average diameter ranging from about 100nm to 200 nm. The dissolved hydrogen concentration of the nanobubble hydrogen water may be up to 200 to 1600ppb, preferably up to 300 to 1500ppb, more preferably 600 to 1400ppb, most preferably 800 to 1300ppb. In some embodiments, these nanobubbles can be stable in the liquid carrier for at least about 15 hours at ambient pressure and temperature.
As used herein, the "dissolved hydrogen concentration" in normal hydrogen-rich water and/or nanobubble hydrogen water may be understood as "outlet hydrogen concentration" referring to the dissolved hydrogen concentration measured at the outlet of a hydrogen generator or micro-nano aeration device. Although it is known to those skilled in the art that the concentration of ordinary hydrogen-rich water and/or nanobubble hydrogen water for irrigation in a farmland may be made as close as possible to the outlet hydrogen concentration, for example, 80% or more, preferably 85% or more, more preferably 90% or more, and most preferably 95% to 99.9% by continuously adding hydrogen water or the like in view of the dissipation of hydrogen gas.
As used herein, the term "farmland" refers to land used for agricultural production, farmed land, including but not limited to land or land where food crops, commercial crops (oil crops, vegetable crops, flowers, pastures, fruit trees), industrial feedstock crops, forage crops, chinese medicinal materials are planted; preferably, it refers to a plant growing area (e.g., grain, vegetables, cotton, flax, etc.) that can be grown in bulk or harvested over a large area for profit or ration; more preferably, it refers to a field or land in which rice, corn, beans, potatoes, highland barley, broad beans, wheat, oilseeds, vines, mussels, peanuts, flax, hemp, sunflower, radish, cabbage, celery, leeks, garlic, shallots, carrots, cantaloupe, lotus flowers, jerusalem artichoke, sword beans, coriander, lettuce, yellow flowers, peppers, cucumbers, tomatoes, coriander and the like are planted. In the present application, the term "field" is equivalent to "farmland", and there is no particular requirement for the area or shape of the field or farmland.
Determination of the Amylose Content (Amylose Content) is given in GB/T1354-2018, i.e.the Content of Amylose contained in the sample is a percentage of the total mass of the sample.
Studies have shown that amylose in the endosperm is synthesized catalytically by the granule encoded by the Wx gene in combination with starch synthase (GBSS 1). In recent years, breeders have conducted extensive genetic research on the relationship between Wx genes and rice quality traits, and have known the different effects of different Wx alleles on rice amylose content, so as to further improve rice quality and cultivate new varieties. The common hydrogen-rich water and/or nano bubble hydrogen water used in the application can regulate the expression level of the rice Wx gene, the allele thereof and the like. Studies have shown that amylose in the endosperm is synthesized catalytically by starch synthase encoded on starch grains by the Wx gene.
Determination of gene expression levels of Wx alleles reference Livak, k.j.; etc. in Analysis of relative gene expression data using real-time quantitative PCR and the 2- △△CT Methods are performed as described in methods 2001,25,402-408. The expression level of the reference gene can accurately quantify the loading of the initial material by using the reference gene as a reference. Reference genes refer to known reference genes whose expression levels are not affected by the conditions of the study and which can be expressed constantly among a variety of samples.
In general, the growth stage of rice generally requires a seed soaking, germination, sowing, seedling stage, transplanting, returning stage, tillering stage, young ear differentiation stage, heading stage, filling stage and maturation stage.
In the technical scheme of the application, nano bubble hydrogen water and/or common hydrogen-rich water irrigation is carried out for 3 to 8 times from the green returning period to the grouting period in a flood irrigation and/or spray irrigation mode. The total amount of the nano bubble hydrogen water and/or the common hydrogen-rich water used by the paddy rice in each season is about 1200-5400 m 3 /hm 2 . One preferred embodiment is to irrigate nanobubble hydrogen water and/or common hydrogen-rich water in the returning stage, tillering stage, heading stage, flowering stage, grouting stage. The irrigation water quantity of each time is related to the local climate, the surface water standard, the soil quality, the rice variety and the rainfall change. It should be noted that agricultural field refers to planting crops on a large field. The main difference with laboratory cultivation is that the farmland environment is complex, the controllability is poor, and the precise management is not easy. The amount of irrigation water in the present application is preferably about 2 to 10cm across the soil surface. The particular amount of irrigation water often needs to be adjusted based on agricultural practices and experience.
The outlet hydrogen concentration was measured using a water-logging instrument ENH-2000 (TRUSTLEX, japan; and calibrated by gas chromatography).
The term "Rice" refers to a product obtained by processing plant seeds classified as the species Oryza sativa (Rice).
Example 1: effect of ordinary Hydrogen-rich Water and nanobubble Hydrogen Water irrigation on the amylose content of "Nanjing 5055" rice
In this example, rice "nan japonica 5055" was used as the test subject. The paddy farmland adopts a split area test design, and each group below is provided with 3 identical split areas. The area of each split area is 4m multiplied by 4m, 40 holes are planted in each split area, 10 seedlings are planted in each hole, and a protection row is arranged between each two split areas. During the planting period, the following different irrigation modes are adopted, 6 times of irrigation are carried out from the green returning period to the grouting period, and the water quantity for each irrigation is 450m 3 /hm 2 The total irrigation water quantity is 2700m 3 /hm 2 . Farmland management is performed in a manner of local usual pest control and the like. After harvesting rice, determining the content of amylose in the rice
The irrigation modes of each group of farmlands are as follows:
group 1-1: adopting conventional surface water as an irrigation water source;
group 1-2: common hydrogen-rich water with outlet hydrogen concentration of 200-300ppb is used as an irrigation water source;
groups 1-3: common hydrogen-rich water with the outlet hydrogen concentration of 500-700ppb is adopted as an irrigation water source;
groups 1-4: common hydrogen-rich water with the outlet hydrogen concentration of 1000-1200ppb is adopted as an irrigation water source;
groups 1-5: common hydrogen-rich water with the outlet hydrogen concentration of 1400-1600ppb is adopted as an irrigation water source;
groups 1-6: nanometer bubble hydrogen water with outlet hydrogen concentration of 200-300ppb is adopted as an irrigation water source;
groups 1-7: nanometer bubble hydrogen water with the outlet hydrogen concentration of 500-700ppb is adopted as an irrigation water source;
groups 1-8: nanometer bubble hydrogen water with the outlet hydrogen concentration of 1000-1200ppb is adopted as an irrigation water source;
groups 1-9: nanometer bubble hydrogen water with outlet hydrogen concentration of 1400-1600ppb is used as irrigation water source.
The experimental results are shown in table 1 below:
TABLE 1 Effect of hydrogen-rich Water irrigation on amylose content of "Nanjing 5055" rice
| Group number | Irrigation water source | Amylose content/(%) | Percentage reduction of amylose content/(%) |
| 1-1 | Surface water | 12.1±0.6 | --- |
| 1-2 | 200-300ppb common hydrogen-rich water | 12.0±0.1 | 0.8 |
| 1-3 | 500-700ppb common hydrogen-rich water | 11.3±0.4 | 6.6 |
| 1-4 | 1000-1200ppb of ordinary hydrogen-rich water | 9.8±0.1 | 19.0 |
| 1-5 | 1400-1600ppb of ordinary hydrogen-rich water | 10.1±0.6 | 16.5 |
| 1-6 | 200-300ppb nano bubble hydrogen water | 11.5±0.2 | 4.9 |
| 1-7 | 500-700ppb nano bubble hydrogen water | 9.9±0.3 | 18.2 |
| 1-8 | 1000-1200ppb nano bubble hydrogen water | 8.8±0.1 | 27.3 |
| 1-9 | 1400-1600ppb nano bubble hydrogen water | 9.2±0.3 | 23.9 |
As shown in Table 1, the amylose content of the rice of "nan japonica 5055" was reduced after irrigating the rice with ordinary hydrogen-rich water or nanobubble hydrogen water, compared with the surface water irrigation. It can be seen that the effect of reducing the amylose content by nano bubble hydrogen water irrigation is more obvious. Taking common hydrogen-rich water and nano bubble hydrogen water with the concentration of 1000-1200ppb as examples, the amylose content of paddy rice irrigated by the nano bubble hydrogen water is further reduced by 8.3%. And the content of the amylose of the rice irrigated by the hydrogen water with the nano bubbles is lower than that of the amylose of the rice irrigated by the common hydrogen-rich water with the same hydrogen concentration.
The applicant has also unexpectedly found that common hydrogen-rich water or nanobubble hydrogen water is not as good as higher concentrations in terms of their efficacy in reducing amylose content. As can be seen from Table 1, the amylose content was most reduced by about 19% and 27.3% compared to groups 1-1, respectively, when the common hydrogen-rich water or nanobubble hydrogen water was in the range of 1000 to 1200ppb. As the concentration of ordinary hydrogen-rich water or nanobubble hydrogen water increases to the range of 1400-1600ppb, the effect of reducing the amylose content is not excellent.
Example 2: influence of common hydrogen-rich water and nano bubble hydrogen water irrigation on amylose content of Ganchun indica 35 rice
In this example, the rice of "Ganchun indica 35" was used as the test subject. The paddy farmland adopts a split area test design, and each group below is provided with 3 identical split areas. The area of each split area is 4m multiplied by 4m, 40 holes are planted in each split area, 10 seedlings are planted in each hole, and a protection row is arranged between each two split areas. During the planting period, 8 times of irrigation are respectively carried out from the green returning period to the grouting period by adopting the following different irrigation modes, and the water consumption for each irrigation is 600m 3 /hm 2 The total irrigation water quantity is 4800m 3 /hm 2 . Farmland management is performed in a manner of local usual pest control and the like. After harvesting the rice, the amylose content of the rice was determined.
The irrigation modes of each group of farmlands are as follows:
group 2-1: adopting conventional surface water as an irrigation water source;
group 2-2: common hydrogen-rich water with outlet hydrogen concentration of 200-300ppb is used as an irrigation water source;
group 2-3: common hydrogen-rich water with the outlet hydrogen concentration of 500-700ppb is adopted as an irrigation water source;
group 2-4: common hydrogen-rich water with the outlet hydrogen concentration of 1000-1200ppb is adopted as an irrigation water source;
group 2-5: common hydrogen-rich water with the outlet hydrogen concentration of 1400-1600ppb is adopted as an irrigation water source;
groups 2-6: nanometer bubble hydrogen water with outlet hydrogen concentration of 200-300ppb is adopted as an irrigation water source;
groups 2-7: nanometer bubble hydrogen water with the outlet hydrogen concentration of 500-700ppb is adopted as an irrigation water source;
groups 2-8: nanometer bubble hydrogen water with the outlet hydrogen concentration of 1000-1200ppb is adopted as an irrigation water source;
groups 2-9: nanometer bubble hydrogen water with outlet hydrogen concentration of 1400-1600ppb is used as irrigation water source.
The experimental results are shown in table 2 below:
TABLE 2 Effect of hydrogen-rich Water irrigation on amylose content of Ganchun indica 35 rice
| Group number | Irrigation water source | Amylose content/(%) | Percentage reduction of amylose content/(%) |
| 2-1 | Surface water | 23.7±0.7 | ------ |
| 2-2 | 200-300ppb common hydrogen-rich water | 22.4±0.1 | 5.5 |
| 2-3 | 500-700ppb common hydrogen-rich water | 20.1±0.3 | 15.2 |
| 2-4 | 1000-1200ppb of ordinary hydrogen-rich water | 18.8±0.5 | 20.7 |
| 2-5 | 1400-1600ppb of ordinary hydrogen-rich water | 19.2±0.3 | 18.9 |
| 2-6 | 200-300ppb nano bubble hydrogen water | 21.2±0.6 | 10.5 |
| 2-7 | 500-700ppb nano bubble hydrogen water | 18.0±0.1 | 24.1 |
| 2-8 | 1000-1200ppb nano bubble hydrogen water | 15.4±0.3 | 35.0 |
| 2-9 | 1400-1600ppb nano bubble hydrogen water | 17.1±0.4 | 27.8 |
As shown in Table 2, the amylose content of the Ganchun indica 35 rice was reduced after irrigating the rice with normal hydrogen-rich water and nanobubble hydrogen water, as compared with the surface water irrigation. It can be seen that the effect of reducing the amylose content by nano bubble hydrogen water irrigation is more obvious. Taking common hydrogen-rich water and nano bubble hydrogen water with the concentration of 1000-1200ppb as examples, the amylose content of paddy rice irrigated by the nano bubble hydrogen water is further reduced by 3.4%. And the content of the amylose of the rice irrigated by the hydrogen water with the nano bubbles is lower than that of the amylose of the rice irrigated by the common hydrogen-rich water with the same hydrogen concentration.
As can be seen from Table 2, the amylose content was most reduced by about 20.7% and 35% compared to group 2-1, respectively, when the common hydrogen-rich water or nanobubble hydrogen water was in the range of 1000 to 1200ppb. As the concentration of ordinary hydrogen-rich water or nanobubble hydrogen water increases to the range of 1400-1600ppb, the effect of reducing the amylose content is not excellent.
Example 3: influence of nano bubble hydrogen water irrigation on the amylose content of Hu Soft 1212 rice
In this example, "Hu Soft 1212" rice was used as the test object. Two test areas are arranged, and the area of each test area is 0.8hm 2 . Protection rows are arranged between different test areas. Farmland management is performed in a manner of local usual pest control and the like. During the planting period, the following different irrigation modes are adopted, 6 times of irrigation are carried out from the green returning period to the grouting period, and the water quantity of each irrigation is 300m 3 /hm 2 The total irrigation water quantity is 1800m 3 /hm 2 . Farmland management is performed in a manner of local usual pest control and the like. After harvesting the rice, the amylose content of the rice was determined.
The irrigation modes of each group of farmlands are as follows:
3-1: adopting conventional surface water as an irrigation water source;
3-2: nanometer bubble hydrogen water with the outlet hydrogen concentration of 1000-1200ppb is adopted as an irrigation water source.
The experimental results are shown in table 3 below:
TABLE 3 Effect of nano bubble Hydrogen Water irrigation on the amylose content of "Shanghai Soft 1212" rice and on the relative expression level of Wx Gene
As can be seen from Table 3, after the hydrogen water irrigation of the nanobubble at the specific concentration, the amylose content of the "Hu Soft 1212" rice was significantly reduced by about 18.6%. After nano bubble hydrogen water treatment, the relative expression level of Wx gene in Shanghai Soft 1212 is reduced by about 65%.
Example 4: influence of nano bubble hydrogen water irrigation on amylose content of Huayou 14 rice
In this example, "Huayou 14" rice was used as the test object. Two test areas are arranged, and the area of each test area is 0.667hm 2 . Protection rows are arranged between different test areas. Farmland management is performed in a manner of local usual pest control and the like. During the planting period, the following different irrigation modes are adopted, 3 times of irrigation are carried out from the green returning period to the grouting period, and the water quantity of each irrigation is 375m 3 /hm 2 The total irrigation water quantity is 1125m 3 /hm 2 . After harvesting the rice, the amylose content of the rice was determined.
The irrigation modes of each group of farmlands are as follows:
4-1: adopting conventional surface water as an irrigation water source;
4-2: nanometer bubble hydrogen water with the outlet hydrogen concentration of 1000-1200ppb is adopted as an irrigation water source.
The experimental results are shown in table 4 below:
TABLE 4 Effect of nanobubble Hydrogen Water irrigation on amylose content of "Huayou 14" Rice
| Group number | Irrigation water source | Amylose content/(%) | Percentage reduction of amylose content/(%) |
| 4-1 | Surface water | 19.7±1.8 | ----- |
| 4-2 | 1000-1200ppb nano bubble hydrogen water | 16.4±0.5 | 16.8 |
As can be seen from Table 4, the amylose content of the "Huayou 14" rice is significantly reduced by about 16.8% after the nano bubble hydrogen water irrigation with a specific concentration.
Example 5: influence of nano bubble hydrogen water irrigation on amylose content of 'fen-flavor soft japonica' rice
In the embodiment, the 'faint scent soft round-grained nonglutinous rice' is taken as a test object. Two test areas are arranged, and the area of each test area is 0.8hm 2 . Protection rows are also arranged between different test areas. During the planting period, the following different irrigation modes are adopted, 6 times of irrigation are carried out from the green returning period to the grouting period, and the water consumption for each irrigation is 675m 3 /hm 2 The total irrigation water quantity is 4050m 3 /hm 2 . Farmland management is performed in a manner of local usual pest control and the like. After harvesting the rice, the amylose content of the rice was determined.
The irrigation modes of each group of farmlands are as follows:
5-1: adopting conventional surface water as an irrigation water source;
5-2: nanometer bubble hydrogen water with the outlet hydrogen concentration of 1000-1200ppb is adopted as an irrigation water source.
The experimental results are shown in table 5 below:
TABLE 5 influence of nanobubble Hydrogen Water irrigation on amylose content of "fen-soft-japonica" rice
| Group number | Irrigation water source | Amylose content/(%) | Percentage reduction of amylose content/(%) |
| 5-1 | Surface water | 18.1±0.3 | ------ |
| 5-2 | 1000-1200ppb nano bubble hydrogen water | 11.2±0.8 | 38.1 |
As shown in Table 5, after the nano bubble hydrogen water irrigation with specific concentration, the amylose content of the 'fen-flavor soft japonica' rice is obviously reduced by about 38.1 percent.
Therefore, the technical scheme of the application reveals that the content of amylose in rice can be effectively reduced by irrigating ordinary hydrogen-rich water with specific concentration and/or nano bubble hydrogen water, and the nutrition and taste quality of rice are improved. Especially, the half-life period of hydrogen in nano bubble hydrogen water is longer, and the nano bubble hydrogen water is very suitable for the actual situation in farmland production.
The preferred embodiments of the present application are described in this specification, which are intended to be illustrative of the technical aspects of the present application and not limiting. All technical solutions that can be obtained by logic analysis, reasoning or limited experiments according to the conception of the present application by a person skilled in the art are within the scope of the present application.
Claims (3)
1. A method for reducing amylose content of paddy rice, comprising irrigating paddy rice field with nanobubble hydrogen water, wherein the concentration of dissolved hydrogen in nanobubble hydrogen water is 1200ppb.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the nanobubbles in the nanobubble hydrogen water have a diameter ranging from 30nm to 600 nm.
3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the nanobubble hydrogen water is obtained by mixing hydrogen gas with an irrigation water source using a micro-nano aeration device.
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