CN115144978A - Laser shaping device and optical fiber coupling method - Google Patents
Laser shaping device and optical fiber coupling method Download PDFInfo
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- CN115144978A CN115144978A CN202110865573.0A CN202110865573A CN115144978A CN 115144978 A CN115144978 A CN 115144978A CN 202110865573 A CN202110865573 A CN 202110865573A CN 115144978 A CN115144978 A CN 115144978A
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- 239000013307 optical fiber Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 90
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 86
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/24—Coupling light guides
- G02B6/42—Coupling light guides with opto-electronic elements
- G02B6/4296—Coupling light guides with opto-electronic elements coupling with sources of high radiant energy, e.g. high power lasers, high temperature light sources
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
- G02B27/09—Beam shaping, e.g. changing the cross-sectional area, not otherwise provided for
- G02B27/0905—Dividing and/or superposing multiple light beams
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
- G02B27/09—Beam shaping, e.g. changing the cross-sectional area, not otherwise provided for
- G02B27/0938—Using specific optical elements
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
- G02B27/10—Beam splitting or combining systems
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/24—Coupling light guides
- G02B6/42—Coupling light guides with opto-electronic elements
- G02B6/4201—Packages, e.g. shape, construction, internal or external details
- G02B6/4204—Packages, e.g. shape, construction, internal or external details the coupling comprising intermediate optical elements, e.g. lenses, holograms
- G02B6/421—Packages, e.g. shape, construction, internal or external details the coupling comprising intermediate optical elements, e.g. lenses, holograms the intermediate optical component consisting of a short length of fibre, e.g. fibre stub
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Abstract
The application discloses a laser shaping device and an optical fiber coupling method. The laser shaping device comprises a laser generator, a laser shaping module and a collimating head which are sequentially arranged along a laser light path. The laser generator is used for emitting few-mode or multi-mode laser beams; the laser shaping module is used for shaping laser beams; the collimation head is used for collimating the shaped laser beam. The laser shaping module comprises a coupling unit, a transition optical fiber, a mode field adapting unit and a shaping transmission optical fiber, wherein the core diameter of the transition optical fiber is larger than that of the shaping transmission optical fiber, and the numerical aperture of the transition optical fiber is smaller than that of the shaping transmission optical fiber. The laser shaping device of the embodiment of the application avoids the optical fiber damage caused by the directivity change of the laser and the energy change of the light beam, keeps the compatibility and the stability of a coupling system, and ensures that high-quality shaping homogenization light spots are output.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the technical field of laser processing, in particular to a laser shaping device and an optical fiber coupling method.
Background
With the development of laser flexible processing, the energy optical fiber has been widely used in the laser processing field due to the functions of flexible transmission and shaping.
The existing fundamental mode laser beam with high beam quality usually adopts a DOE (Diffractive Optical Element) to perform beam shaping, but the DOE design for the few-mode or multi-mode laser beam is very difficult, and meanwhile, the beam index consistency control of the few-mode or multi-mode laser beam is difficult, so the few-mode or multi-mode laser often adopts a homogenizing Optical fiber to perform beam homogenizing shaping.
Space light beam coupling enters an optical fiber to carry out light beam transmission, and the requirement on the directivity of a laser is high, a harsher environment temperature control mode is generally needed to be adopted to enable the directivity of the laser to be more stable, or directivity allowance is left in the light path design, otherwise, the directivity of the laser is changed to cause the attenuation of coupling efficiency or cause the damage of the optical fiber. At present, in the prior art, a high-directivity laser is high in price, and the compatibility and stability of a scheme for reserving directivity allowance in an optical path are poor. In addition, in the prior art, the same core diameter optical fiber is generally used for optical fiber coupling transmission and shaping, so that the effects of high damage threshold, good homogenization effect, flexible and controllable BPP and the like are difficult to flexibly realize, and active adjusting systems such as directional feedback adjustment, variable beam expansion coupling, optical fiber mode disturbance homogenization control and the like are generally lacked.
Patent CN108267819a discloses a method for improving the coupling efficiency of high-power pulse laser fiber, comprising the following steps: the first step is as follows: and selecting the optical fiber. The second step: and (5) tapering the optical fiber. The third step: and (4) connecting optical fibers. The fourth step: and coupling the lens. The invention adopts the large-core optical fiber as a receptor of space laser; after the laser passes through the large-core-diameter optical fiber, compared with a mode of laser space direct coupling, the laser space energy distribution is homogenized, and the end face loss and the coupling threshold value can be effectively reduced when the laser is coupled into the small-core-diameter optical fiber; big, little core footpath optic fibre connects through fiber connector, can realize aiming at conveniently. The patent discloses that an optical fiber connector is arranged between a large-core-diameter optical fiber and a small-core-diameter optical fiber for connecting the large-core-diameter optical fiber and the small-core-diameter optical fiber, but the optical fiber connector does not have the function of enhancing the compatibility and stability of an optical fiber coupling system, so the optical fiber coupling method disclosed by the patent has poor effects on homogenizing and shaping light beams.
Patent CN102081200a discloses a variable beam quality laser beam adaptive fiber coupling and output collimating device. The laser beam is expanded and collimated, then is coupled to the front end face of the optical fiber transmission system through the focusing lens and is transmitted in the optical fiber transmission system, and the light beam emitted by the optical fiber transmission system is collimated through the collimating lens. The collimating lens reflects a small amount of light to be received by the detection unit, which converts the received optical signal into an electrical signal. The processing unit accumulates and sums the electric signals received by the detection unit. The controller controls the one-dimensional micro-motion platform to do one-dimensional motion along the axial direction in a half-searching mode according to a processing result obtained by the processing unit, so that the optical adjusting frame and the focusing lens are driven to move, and the problem of drift of a coupling focusing light spot of the variable beam quality laser is solved by adopting an automatic compensation mode. The patent improves the beam quality by collecting the collimated beam and adjusting the position of the focusing lens, but the patent technology has poor effects on shaping, homogenizing and focusing light spots of few-mode or multi-mode beams.
Disclosure of Invention
The object of the present application is to solve at least to some extent one of the technical problems described above.
Therefore, a first objective of the present application is to provide a laser shaping device, which avoids the fiber damage caused by the directional change of the laser and the energy change of the beam; the compatibility and stability of the coupling system are kept, and the output of high-quality shaping homogenization light spots is ensured.
A second object of the present application is to propose an optical fiber coupling method.
In order to achieve the above object, a first embodiment of the present application provides a laser shaping device, which includes a laser generator, a laser shaping module, and a collimating head sequentially disposed along a laser path,
the laser generator is used for emitting few-mode or multi-mode laser beams;
the laser shaping module is used for shaping the laser beam;
the collimation head is used for collimating the shaped laser beam;
the laser shaping module comprises a coupling unit, a transition optical fiber, a mode field adapting unit and a shaping transmission optical fiber, wherein the core diameter of the transition optical fiber is larger than that of the shaping transmission optical fiber, and the numerical aperture of the transition optical fiber is smaller than that of the shaping transmission optical fiber.
Optionally, the diameter D of the large core of the transition optical fiber is larger than the diameter D of the laser beam emitted into the transition optical fiber 0 1.5 times of the total weight of the powder.
Optionally, the mode field adapting unit is an optical fiber mode field adapter MFA or a variable coupling unit, and is configured to match mode fields of the transition optical fiber and the shaped transmission optical fiber.
Optionally, the variable coupling unit includes a collimating lens, a beam expander and a first coupling lens, and the collimating lens, the beam expander and the first coupling lens are sequentially disposed along the laser path.
Optionally, the variable coupling unit further includes a first beam splitter, a first reflector, and a second coupling mirror, the shaped transmission fiber includes a first shaped transmission fiber and a second shaped transmission fiber, the collimating head includes a first collimating head and a second collimating head,
the first beam splitter is arranged on the downstream of the optical path of the beam expander and on the upstream of the optical path of the first coupling mirror;
the first beam splitter is used for splitting the laser beam passing through the beam expander, so that the split first path of laser beam sequentially passes through the first coupling mirror, the first shaping transmission optical fiber and the first collimating head, and the split second path of laser beam sequentially passes through the first reflector, the second coupling mirror, the second shaping transmission optical fiber and the second collimating head.
Optionally, the laser shaping device further comprises a mode scrambler and a light spot detection module,
the mode scrambler is arranged at the downstream of the optical path of the variable coupling unit and at the upstream of the optical path of the shaping transmission optical fiber;
the light spot detection module is arranged at the downstream of the light path of the collimation head and is used for detecting the light spot quality of the laser beam emitted by the collimation head and feeding the light spot quality back to the mode scrambler;
and adjusting the quality of the light spot by controlling the mode scrambler.
Optionally, the light spot detection module includes a second beam splitter, a first focusing mirror and a vision module,
the second beam splitter is used for splitting at least part of the laser beam emitted from the collimating head and irradiating the laser beam to the vision module through the first focusing lens;
the vision module is connected with the mode scrambler and used for feeding back the detected light spot quality to the mode scrambler.
Optionally, the laser shaping device further comprises a directivity compensation module,
the directivity compensation module is arranged on the downstream of the light path of the laser generator and on the upstream of the laser shaping module, and is used for detecting the offset of the laser beam and adjusting the laser beam according to the offset.
Optionally, the directivity compensation module comprises a compensation lens group, a directivity detection module and a controller,
the controller is respectively connected with the directivity detection assembly of the compensation lens group;
the compensation mirror group is used for dividing the laser beam emitted by the laser into two paths, namely a processing light path and a detection light path;
the processing light path is emitted into the laser shaping module through the compensation mirror group, and the detection light path is emitted into the directivity detection assembly through the compensation mirror group;
the directivity detection component is used for detecting the offset of the light beam of the detection light path;
the controller is used for controlling the compensating mirror group according to the offset so as to adjust the processing light path and the detection light path.
Optionally, the laser shaping device further comprises a shutter,
the optical gate is arranged at the downstream of the compensating mirror group and at the upstream of the laser shaping module and is electrically connected with the controller, and the optical gate is used for controlling the on-off of the processing light path.
Optionally, the compensating mirror group comprises a second reflecting mirror and a third beam splitter, the third beam splitter is arranged in parallel with the second reflecting mirror, the third beam splitter is located at the downstream of the processing light path of the second reflecting mirror, the second reflecting mirror is multi-dimensionally adjustable, and the third beam splitter is fixed.
Optionally, a second focusing lens is disposed on a light path between the compensating lens group and the directivity detecting assembly.
The laser shaping device of this application embodiment, compatibility and stability through laser shaping module reinforcing fiber coupling system reduce the influence of laser directive property to coupling efficiency, reduce the risk that the directive property deviation caused the terminal surface of optical fiber to burn simultaneously.
In order to achieve the above object, a second aspect of the present application provides an optical fiber coupling method, which is applied to the laser shaping apparatus in the previous aspect, and the method includes:
determining the initial position of the detection light spot;
detecting the real-time position of the detection light spot in real time, and calculating the offset of the detection light spot according to the real-time position and the initial position;
and adjusting the directivity of the detection light spot according to the offset.
Optionally, determining an initial position of the detection spot includes:
and adjusting the light path of the laser beam to record the initial position of the facula of the detection light path of the laser beam when the processing light path of the laser beam is stable.
Optionally, performing directivity adjustment on the detection light spot according to the offset includes:
when b is<D-1.5d 0 In time, directivity adjustment is not needed;
when D-1.5D 0 ＜b＜D-1.2d 0 Then, a directivity compensation module of the laser shaping device is utilized to adjust the directivity;
when D-1.2D 0 ＜b＜D-d 0 When the optical gate is closed, the directivity is adjusted by using the directivity compensation module of the laser shaping device;
when b is>D-d 0 When the laser generator is closed or the power of the laser generator is controlled to be reduced to zero, the directivity adjustment is carried out by utilizing the directivity compensation module of the laser shaping device.
Optionally, the method further comprises:
and adjusting the bending degree of the optical fiber by using a mode scrambler of the laser shaping device to change the energy ratio of different modes in the optical fiber, thereby realizing the adjustment of the light spot quality of the laser beam.
According to the optical fiber coupling method, the position offset of the detection light spot is detected in real time, and directivity compensation is carried out through the angle adjusting mirror group, so that laser can be effectively coupled to enter the transition optical fiber, and the light spot quality is improved.
Additional aspects and advantages of the present application will be set forth in part in the description which follows and, in part, will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the present application.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this application, illustrate embodiments of the application and, together with the description, serve to explain the application and are not intended to limit the application. In the drawings:
fig. 1 is a first schematic structural diagram of a laser shaping device according to embodiment 1 of the present application;
fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram ii of a laser shaping device according to embodiment 1 of the present application;
fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram three of a laser shaping device according to embodiment 1 of the present application;
fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a laser shaping device according to embodiment 1 of the present application;
fig. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a laser shaping device according to embodiment 1 of the present application;
fig. 6 is a first schematic structural diagram of a laser shaping device according to embodiment 2 of the present application;
fig. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of a laser shaping device according to embodiment 2 of the present application;
fig. 8 is a third schematic structural view of a laser shaping device according to embodiment 2 of the present application;
FIG. 9 is a flow chart of a method of optical coupling according to an embodiment of the present application.
Detailed Description
It should be noted that the embodiments and features of the embodiments may be combined with each other without conflict. The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the embodiments with reference to the attached drawings.
The present invention is described in further detail below with reference to specific examples, which are not to be construed as limiting the scope of the invention as claimed.
The laser shaping device and the optical fiber coupling method of the embodiments of the present application are described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Example 1
As shown in fig. 1, the laser shaping apparatus includes a laser generator 100, a laser shaping module 200, and a collimating head 300, which are sequentially disposed along a laser path.
By way of example, the laser generator 100 is preferably a laser where the lasing mode is few or multiple modes. The laser shaping module 200 is used for shaping laser beams; the collimating head 300 is used for collimating the shaped laser beam. As an example, the collimating head 300 is a focusing lens set, and performs aberration correction compensation on the large-numerical-aperture light beam.
In the embodiment, the light beam emitted by the laser generator 100 is processed by the laser shaping module 200 and the collimating head 300 to obtain a better light beam homogenizing effect, and especially, when the laser generator 100 emits a light beam with poor quality and few or multiple modes, the light beam homogenizing effect is better.
Specifically, the laser shaping module 200 includes a coupling unit 210, a transition fiber 220, a mode field adaptation unit 230, and a shaping transmission fiber 240, and as an example, the coupling unit 210, the transition fiber 220, the mode field adaptation unit 230, and the shaping transmission fiber 240 are connected in sequence.
As a non-limiting embodiment, the coupling unit 210 is a coupling mirror.
The transition fiber 220 is used to reduce the influence of laser directivity on the coupling efficiency, and also reduce the risk of fiber end face burning due to directivity deviation. By way of example, transition fiber 220 is a large core, small numerical aperture fiber, specifically where the core diameter of transition fiber 220 is larger than the core diameter of shaped transmission fiber 240 and the numerical aperture of transition fiber 220 is smaller than the numerical aperture of shaped transmission fiber 240. The diameter of the large core of the transition fiber 220 is D, and the diameter of the laser beam incident on the transition fiber 220 is D 0 The relationship between the two is D > 1.5D 0 . In this embodiment, the transition fiber 220 is a large mode field fiber, and may be one of a tapered fiber, a photonic crystal fiber, or a double-clad fiber.
The mode field adaptation unit 230 is used to enhance the compatibility and stability of the fiber coupling system. In an embodiment of the present application, the mode field adapting unit 230 may be a mode field adapter MFA, and may also be a variable coupling unit, and is configured to match the mode fields of the transition fiber 220 and the shaped transmission fiber 240, so as to effectively control the power loss and the mode field loss of the optical beam at the fiber fusion splice point.
The shaped transmission fiber 240 is used for beam homogenizing and shaping. The shaped transmission fiber 240 is a multimode fiber having a core that is one of square, rectangular, or circular. As an example, the input and output ends of the shaped transmission fiber 240 adopt an end cap fusion splicing structure to effectively reduce the power density of the end face.
In the embodiment, the light beam is homogenized and shaped by adopting the optical structures of the coupling unit, the transition optical fiber, the mode field adapting unit, the shaping transmission optical fiber and the collimating head, so that the homogenization and shaping of few-mode and multi-mode light beams can be realized; in addition, the optical fiber transition, shaping and welding structure with large core diameter, small NA, small core diameter and large NA is adopted, so that the influence of power density and directivity drift of the end face of the incident optical fiber can be reduced, and a good light beam homogenization effect can be realized. In the field of solar cell laser processing, flat-top homogenizing facula processing can be realized, and ideal processing effects can be obtained in the precision processing fields of nondestructive film opening, film layer modification, doping and the like.
Further, as shown in fig. 2, the variable coupling unit 232 includes a collimating mirror 2321, a beam expanding mirror 2322, and a first coupling mirror 2323. The collimating mirror 2321, the beam expanding mirror 2322 and the first coupling mirror 2323 are sequentially arranged along the laser optical path. As an example, the Beam expander 2322 may adopt a variable Beam expander, and change the divergence angle of the output light Beam by changing the parameters of the Beam expander, so as to change the BPP (Beam Parameter Product) value and the homogenization effect output by the shaping transmission fiber 240.
In another embodiment of this application, as shown in fig. 3, the variable coupling unit 232 further includes a first beam splitter 2324, a first reflecting mirror 2325 and a second coupling mirror 2326. The shaped transmission fiber 240 includes a first shaped transmission fiber 241 and a second shaped transmission fiber 242; the collimation head 300 includes a first collimation head 310 and a second collimation head 320.
The first beam splitter 2324 is disposed downstream of the optical path of the beam expander 2322 and upstream of the optical path of the first coupling mirror 2323; the first beam splitter 2324 is configured to split the laser beam passing through the beam expander 2322, so that the split first path of laser beam sequentially passes through the first coupling mirror 2323, the first shaping transmission fiber 241 and the first collimating head 310, and the split second path of laser beam sequentially passes through the first reflecting mirror 2325, the second coupling mirror 2326, the second shaping transmission fiber 242 and the second collimating head 320. In this embodiment, the splitting ratio of the first beam splitter 2324 is 50:50.
the laser beam is divided into two paths by arranging the first beam splitter, and then the laser beam is coupled into different shaping transmission optical fibers by the corresponding coupling mirrors, so that simultaneous processing of multiple light paths is realized, and the processing efficiency is improved.
In another embodiment of this application, as shown in fig. 4, the laser shaping device further includes a mode scrambler 400 and a spot detection module 500. Wherein the mode scrambler 400 is disposed downstream of the optical path of the variable coupling unit 232 and upstream of the optical path of the shaping transmission fiber 240. The light spot detection module 500 is disposed downstream of the optical path of the collimating head 300, and is configured to detect the light spot quality of the laser beam emitted by the collimating head 300, and feed the light spot quality back to the mode scrambler 400, so as to adjust the light spot quality by controlling and adjusting the mode scrambler 400. By way of example, mode scrambler 400 changes the energy ratio of different modes in the fiber by changing the degree of bending of the fiber, thereby changing the energy homogenization effect, transmission loss, and output BPP value of the output beam.
Specifically, the light spot detection module 500 includes a second beam splitter 510, a first focusing mirror 520, and a vision module 530. The second beam splitter 510 is disposed on the optical path behind the collimator head 300, and divides the optical path into a processing optical path and a detection optical path. The processing light path is used for processing. The detection light path is irradiated to the vision module 530 through the first focusing lens 520. Vision module 530 collects the spot image and analyzes the spot quality. The vision module 530 is connected to the mode scrambler 400, and configured to feed back the detected spot quality to the mode scrambler 400. In this embodiment, the vision module 530 may include a CCD camera module.
In order to further avoid the damage of the optical fiber caused by the directional change of the laser and the energy change of the light beam, in another embodiment of the application, as shown in fig. 5, the laser shaping device further includes a directional compensation module 600. The directivity compensation module 600 is disposed downstream of the laser generator 100 in the optical path and upstream of the laser shaping module 200. Laser emitted by the laser generator 100 passes through the directivity compensation module 600 and is divided into two beams, one beam is a processing beam for processing; and the other beam carries out synchronous laser directivity detection. The directivity compensation module 600 is used to detect the offset of the laser beam and adjust the laser beam according to the offset.
Specifically, the directivity compensation module 600 includes a compensation lens set 610, a directivity detection element 620 and a controller 630.
The compensating mirror group 610 divides the laser beam emitted by the laser into a processing light path and a detection light path; the processing light path enters the coupling unit 210 through the compensating mirror group 610; the detection light path is incident to the directivity detection element 620 through the compensation lens group 610, and the offset of the light beam is detected. As an example, the directivity detection unit 620 is a CCD camera module. The controller 630 is respectively connected to the directivity detecting assembly 620 of the compensating lens assembly 610, and is configured to adjust the angle of the compensating lens assembly 610 in real time according to the offset, so as to adjust the processing optical path and the detecting optical path.
In addition, the compensating lens group 610 includes a third beam splitter 611 and a second reflector 612, the third beam splitter 611 and the second reflector 612 are arranged in parallel, and the second reflector 612 is located downstream of the processing optical path of the third beam splitter 611. The laser light is divided into a processing optical path and a detection optical path by the third beam splitter 611. As an example, the third beam splitter 611 and the second mirror 612 are multi-dimensionally adjustable and are driven by a driver, which is one of piezoelectric, magnetostrictive, and electrostrictive.
The light beam offset is detected through the directivity compensation module, and directivity compensation is carried out by adjusting the angle of the compensation mirror group, so that laser is effectively coupled to enter the transition optical fiber, and the light spot quality is improved.
The laser shaping apparatus further includes a shutter 700. The shutter 700 is disposed downstream of the compensating mirror group 610 and upstream of the coupling unit 210. The controller 630 is electrically connected to the shutter 700, and is configured to control on/off of the processing optical path. When the directivity of the laser light does not satisfy the requirement, the shutter 700 blocks the laser light to avoid damage to the processing optical path or processing abnormality.
Example 2
The laser shaping device in this embodiment is substantially the same as embodiment 1, and the difference between them is that, as shown in fig. 6, the mode field adapting unit 230 in this embodiment is a mode field adapter MFA231, the coupling unit 210, the transition fiber 220, the mode field adapter MFA231, and the shaping transmission fiber 240 are connected in sequence, and the mode field adapter MFA231 is used for mode field matching of the transition fiber 220 and the shaping transmission fiber 240, so as to effectively control the power loss and mode field loss of the light beam at the fiber fusion point.
In the embodiment, the light beam is homogenized and shaped by adopting the optical structures of the coupling unit, the transition optical fiber, the fiber mode field adapter MFA, the shaping transmission optical fiber and the collimating head, so that the homogenization and shaping of few-mode and multi-mode light beams can be realized; in addition, the transition optical fiber with large core diameter and small numerical aperture and the shaping transmission optical fiber with small core diameter and large numerical aperture are adopted to carry out beam mode field coupling, so that the coupling efficiency is improved, and the beam homogenization effect is improved.
In another embodiment of this application, as shown in fig. 7, the laser shaping device further includes a mode scrambler 400 and a spot detection module 500. Wherein mode scrambler 400 is positioned downstream in the optical path of fiber mode field adapter MFA231 and upstream in the optical path of shaped transmission fiber 240. The light spot detection module 500 is disposed downstream of the optical path of the collimating head 300, and is configured to detect the light spot quality of the laser beam emitted by the collimating head 300, and feed the light spot quality back to the mode scrambler 400, so as to adjust the light spot quality by adjusting the mode scrambler 400. By way of example, mode scrambler 400 changes the energy ratio of different modes in the fiber by changing the degree of bending of the fiber, thereby changing the energy homogenization effect, transmission loss, and output BPP value of the output beam.
Specifically, the light spot detection module 500 includes a second beam splitter 510, a first focusing mirror 520, and a vision module 530. The second beam splitter 510 is disposed on the optical path behind the collimator head 300, and divides the optical path into a processing optical path and a detection optical path. The processing light path is used for processing. The detection light path irradiates to the vision module 530 through the first focusing mirror 520, and the vision module 530 collects the spot image and analyzes the quality of the spot. The vision module 530 is connected to the mode scrambler 400, and is configured to feed back the detected spot quality to the mode scrambler 400. In this embodiment, the vision module 530 may include a CCD camera module.
In order to further avoid the fiber damage caused by the laser directivity change and the beam energy change, in another embodiment of the application, as shown in fig. 8, the laser shaping apparatus further includes a directivity compensation module 600. The directivity compensation module 600 is disposed downstream of the laser generator 100 in the optical path and upstream of the laser coupling unit 210. Laser emitted by the laser generator 100 is divided into two beams after passing through the directivity compensation module 600, and one beam is a processing beam for processing; and the other beam carries out synchronous laser directivity detection. The directivity compensation module 600 is used to detect the offset of the laser beam and adjust the laser beam according to the offset.
Specifically, the directivity compensation module 600 includes a compensation lens set 610, a directivity detection element 620 and a controller 630.
The compensating lens group 610 is configured to divide a laser beam emitted by the laser into two paths, which are a processing light path and a detection light path. The processing light path enters the coupling unit 210 through the compensating mirror group 610. The detection light path enters the directivity detection assembly 620 through the compensation lens group 610, and the offset of the light beam of the detection light path is detected. As an example, the directivity detection unit 620 is a CCD camera module. The controller 630 is connected to the directivity detecting assembly 620 of the compensating lens group 610, and is configured to adjust the angle of the compensating lens group 610 in real time according to the offset, so as to adjust the processing optical path and the detecting optical path.
In addition, the compensating lens group 610 includes a second reflecting mirror 611 and a third beam splitter 612, the second reflecting mirror 611 and the third beam splitter 612 are arranged in parallel, and the third beam splitter 612 is located downstream of the processing optical path of the second reflecting mirror 611. The laser beam is reflected by the second reflecting mirror 611 and then applied to the third beam splitter 612. The third beam splitter 612 splits the laser light into a processing light path and a detection light path. The second reflecting mirror 611 is multi-dimensionally adjustable and is driven by a driver, which is one of piezoelectric, magnetostrictive, and electrostrictive. And the third beam splitter 612 is fixed.
A second focusing lens 640 is disposed on the light path between the compensating lens group 610 and the directivity detecting unit 620.
The light beam offset is detected through the directivity compensation module, and directivity compensation is carried out by adjusting the angle of the compensation mirror group, so that laser is effectively coupled to enter the transition optical fiber, and the light spot quality is improved.
The laser shaping device further includes a shutter 700. The shutter 700 is disposed downstream of the compensating mirror group 610 and upstream of the coupling unit 210. The controller 630 is electrically connected to the shutter 700, and is configured to control on/off of the processing optical path. When the directivity of the laser light does not satisfy the requirement, the shutter 700 blocks the laser light, thereby avoiding damage to the processing optical path or processing abnormality.
The beneficial effect of this application does: (1) The compatibility and the stability of a coupling system are improved by arranging a mode field adapting unit, and the output of high-quality shaping homogenization light spots is ensured; (2) The influence of laser directivity on coupling efficiency is reduced by arranging the transition optical fiber, and meanwhile, the risk of burning loss of the end face of the optical fiber caused by directivity deviation is reduced; (3) The mode scrambler and the light spot detection module are arranged, so that the quality of the light spot of the laser beam emitted by the alignment head is detected and adjusted; (4) The beam offset is detected through the directivity compensation module, directivity compensation is carried out through adjusting the angle of the compensation lens group, laser is effectively coupled to enter the transition optical fiber, and the light spot quality is improved.
To achieve the second object, the present application provides an optical fiber coupling method, which is implemented by using the laser shaping device in the embodiment of the above aspect. As shown in fig. 9, the optical fiber coupling method includes:
and S1, determining the initial position of the detection light spot.
And adjusting the light path of the laser beam, and when the processing light path of the laser beam is stable and the light spot detected by the directivity detection component 620 of the laser shaping device is also stable in the detection field, recording the position of the light spot at the moment as the initial position of the detection light spot.
And S2, detecting the real-time position of the detection light spot in real time, and calculating the offset of the detection light spot according to the real-time position and the initial position.
And during laser processing, detecting the position of the detection light spot in real time, and calculating the offset from the initial position in real time.
And S3, carrying out directivity adjustment on the detection light spots according to the offset.
The position of the second mirror 612 of the laser shaping device is adjusted according to the offset while continuing to detect the position of the detection spot until it returns to the initial position or to an acceptable offset position, and then proceeding to step s2.
Specifically, a directivity detection assembly of the laser shaping device acquires that the offset between the position of a detection light spot and an initial position is a; f is the focal length of the second focusing mirror 640 of the laser shaping device; f is the focal length of the coupling unit 210 of the laser shaping device; the directivity deviation θ = arctan (a/F) ≈ a/F is calculated corresponding to the position deviation b = F × tan θ ≈ F × a/F from the incident end of the optical fiber.
The second reflector 612 is adjusted according to the offset position a, and the directivity deviation θ can be obtained by fitting data in advanceAnd the amount of motor stepping of the second mirror 612, so that adjustments can be made. In addition, the diameter of the large-core transition optical fiber is D, and the diameter of the light spot at the input end of the optical fiber is D 0 In this example D > 1.5D 0 。
The directivity compensation control is as follows:
when b is less than D-1.5D 0 When the risk is low, the directivity adjustment is not needed;
when D-1.5D 0 ＜b＜D-1.2d 0 When the laser shaping device is used, the power loss is very small, the device risk is small, and therefore the medium-low risk is judged, the directivity compensation can be performed on line by using the directivity compensation module of the laser shaping device without closing a laser or closing an optical gate;
when D-1.2D 0 ＜b＜D-d 0 When the risk is determined to be the intermediate risk, the optical gate is closed, and then the directivity compensation module of the laser shaping device is utilized to adjust the directivity until the risk reaches b<D-1.5d 0 Status.
When b is>D-d 0 When the coupling efficiency is extremely low, the risk of burning loss of the optical fiber is large, so that the risk is judged to be high, the laser is directly closed or the power of the laser is reduced to 0, meanwhile, the optical gate is closed, and then the laser is opened for directivity adjustment until b is reached<D-1.5d 0 Status.
Because the closing time of the optical shutter is longer than that of the laser, the laser is closed first, and the optical fiber damage (fiber burning) caused by the relatively slow closing of the optical shutter can be avoided.
In another embodiment of this application, the fiber coupling method further involves homogenizing the collimated beam. Specifically, a second beam splitter 510 is disposed behind the fiber homogenizing and collimating head 300 of the laser shaping device, the second beam splitter 510 reflects a small amount of laser energy into the first focusing mirror 520, and then the second beam splitter detects and calculates the spot size, energy distribution, coupling efficiency change and BPP value of the focal plane through the vision module 530, and gradually feeds back the detection result to the mode scrambler 400, so as to control the energy distribution uniformity and coupling efficiency of the output beam of the shaping and transmitting fiber 240 through adjusting the mode scrambler 400. By way of example, mode scrambler 400 changes the energy ratio of different modes in the fiber by changing the degree of bending of the fiber, thereby changing the energy homogenization effect, transmission loss, and output BPP value of the output beam.
The beneficial effect of this application does: (1) In the laser processing process, the position of the detection light spot is detected in real time, the offset of the detection light spot is calculated, and directivity compensation is performed through the compensation lens group, so that the light spot quality is improved; (2) Detecting and adjusting the spot quality of the laser beam emitted by the collimating head through a mode scrambler and a spot detection module; (3) By adopting the transition optical fiber, the influence of laser directivity on coupling efficiency is reduced, and meanwhile, the risk of burning loss of the end face of the optical fiber caused by directivity deviation is reduced.
It is noted that, herein, relational terms such as first and second, and the like may be used solely to distinguish one entity or action from another entity or action without necessarily requiring or implying any actual such relationship or order between such entities or actions. Also, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitation, an element defined by the phrase "comprising a … …" does not exclude the presence of another identical element in a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises the element.
It should be noted that in the description of the present specification, reference to the description of the term "one embodiment", "some embodiments", "example", "specific example", or "some examples", etc., means that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the present application. In this specification, the schematic representations of the terms used above are not necessarily intended to refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples. Moreover, various embodiments or examples and features of various embodiments or examples described in this specification can be combined and combined by one skilled in the art without being mutually inconsistent.
Claims (16)
1. A laser shaping device is characterized by comprising a laser generator (100), a laser shaping module (200) and a collimating head (300) which are sequentially arranged along a laser light path,
the laser generator (100) is used for emitting few-mode or multi-mode laser beams;
the laser shaping module (200) is used for shaping the laser beam;
the collimation head (300) is used for collimating the shaped laser beam;
the laser shaping module (200) comprises a coupling unit (210), a transition optical fiber (220), a mode field adapting unit (230) and a shaping transmission optical fiber (240), wherein the core diameter of the transition optical fiber (220) is larger than that of the shaping transmission optical fiber (240), and the numerical aperture of the transition optical fiber (220) is smaller than that of the shaping transmission optical fiber (240).
2. The laser shaping device according to claim 1, wherein the large core diameter D of the transition fiber (220) is larger than the diameter D of the laser beam incident on the transition fiber (220) 0 1.5 times of the total weight of the powder.
3. The laser shaping device according to claim 1, wherein the mode field adapting unit (230) is a fiber Mode Field Adapter (MFA) (231) or a variable coupling unit (232) for matching the mode fields of the transition fiber (220) and the shaping transmission fiber (240).
4. The laser beam shaping device according to claim 3, wherein the variable coupling unit (232) comprises a collimating mirror (2321), a beam expanding mirror (2322) and a first coupling mirror (2323), and the collimating mirror (2321), the beam expanding mirror (2322) and the first coupling mirror (2323) are sequentially disposed along the laser beam path.
5. The laser shaping device according to claim 4, wherein the variable coupling unit (232) further comprises a first beam splitter (2324), a first mirror (2325) and a second coupling mirror (2326), the shaping transmission fiber (240) comprises a first shaping transmission fiber (241) and a second shaping transmission fiber (242), the collimating head (300) comprises a first collimating head (310) and a second collimating head (320),
the first beam splitter (2324) is disposed optically downstream of the beam expander (2322), -optically upstream of the first coupling mirror (2323);
the first beam splitter (2324) is configured to perform a beam splitting process on the laser beam passing through the beam expander (2322), so that the first path of split laser beam sequentially passes through the first coupling mirror (2323), the first shaping transmission fiber (241) and the first collimating head (310), and the second path of split laser beam sequentially passes through the first reflecting mirror (2325), the second coupling mirror (2326), the second shaping transmission fiber (242) and the second collimating head (320).
6. The laser shaping device according to claim 4, wherein the laser shaping device further comprises a mode scrambler (400) and a spot detection module (500),
the mode scrambler (400) is arranged downstream of the optical path of the variable coupling unit (232) and upstream of the optical path of the shaping transmission fiber (240);
the light spot detection module (500) is arranged on the downstream of the light path of the collimating head (300), and the light spot detection module (500) is used for detecting the light spot quality of the laser beam emitted by the collimating head (300) and feeding the light spot quality back to the mode scrambler (400);
and adjusting the spot quality by controlling the mode scrambler (400).
7. The laser shaping device according to claim 6, wherein the spot detection module (500) comprises a second beam splitter (510), a first focusing mirror (520), and a vision module (530),
the second beam splitter (510) is used for splitting at least part of the laser beam emitted from the collimating head (300) and irradiating the laser beam to the vision module (530) through the first focusing mirror (520);
the vision module (530) is connected with the mode scrambler (400) and used for feeding back the detected light spot quality to the mode scrambler (400).
8. The laser shaping device according to claim 1, further comprising a directivity compensation module (600),
the directivity compensation module (600) is arranged on the downstream of the light path of the laser generator (100) and on the upstream of the laser shaping module (200), and the directivity compensation module (600) is used for detecting the offset of the laser beam and adjusting the laser beam according to the offset.
9. The laser shaping device according to claim 8, wherein the directivity compensation module (600) comprises a compensation lens set (610), a directivity detection component (620) and a controller (630),
the controller (630) is respectively connected with the compensating lens group (610) and the directivity detection component (620);
the compensation mirror group (610) is used for dividing the laser beam emitted by the laser into two paths, namely a processing light path and a detection light path;
the processing light path enters the laser shaping module (200) through the compensating lens group (610), and the detection light path enters the directivity detection assembly (620) through the compensating lens group (610);
the directivity detection component (620) is used for detecting the offset of the light beam of the detection light path;
the controller (630) is configured to control the compensating mirror group (610) according to the offset, so as to adjust the processing optical path and the detection optical path.
10. The laser shaping device according to claim 9, further comprising a shutter (700),
the optical shutter (700) is arranged at the downstream of the compensating mirror group (610), at the upstream of the laser shaping module (200) and electrically connected with the controller (630), and the optical shutter (700) is used for controlling the on-off of the processing optical path.
11. The laser beam shaping device according to claim 9, wherein the compensating mirror group (610) comprises a second mirror (611) and a third beam splitter (612), the second mirror (611) and the third beam splitter (612) are arranged in parallel, the third beam splitter (612) is located downstream of the processing optical path of the second mirror (611), the second mirror (611) is multi-dimensionally adjustable, and the third beam splitter (612) is fixed.
12. The laser shaping device according to claim 9, wherein a second focusing lens (640) is disposed in the optical path between said compensating lens group (610) and said directivity detecting element (620).
13. A method of coupling optical fibers, the method being applied to a laser shaping device according to any one of claims 1 to 12, the method comprising:
determining the initial position of the detection light spot;
detecting the real-time position of the detection light spot in real time, and calculating the offset of the detection light spot according to the real-time position and the initial position;
and carrying out directivity adjustment on the detection light spots according to the offset.
14. The method of claim 13, wherein determining an initial position of the detection spot comprises:
and adjusting the light path of the laser beam to record the initial position of the facula of the detection light path of the laser beam when the processing light path of the laser beam is stable.
15. The method of claim 13, wherein performing a directivity adjustment on the detection spot based on the offset comprises:
when b is<D-1.5d 0 In time, directivity adjustment is not needed;
when D-1.5D 0 ＜b＜D-1.2d 0 Then, a directivity compensation module of the laser shaping device is utilized to adjust the directivity;
when D-1.2D 0 ＜b＜D-d 0 When the optical gate is closed, the directivity is adjusted by using the directivity compensation module of the laser shaping device;
when b is>D-d 0 When the laser generator is closed or the power of the laser generator is controlled to be reduced to zero, the directivity of the laser shaping device is adjusted by the aid of the directivity compensation module of the laser shaping device.
16. The method of claim 13, further comprising:
and adjusting the bending degree of the optical fiber by using a mode scrambler of the laser shaping device to change the energy ratio of different modes in the optical fiber, thereby realizing the adjustment of the light spot quality of the laser beam.
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