CN115143922A - Gear tooth surface roughness measurement and evaluation method for transmission performance analysis - Google Patents
Gear tooth surface roughness measurement and evaluation method for transmission performance analysis Download PDFInfo
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- CN115143922A CN115143922A CN202210693858.5A CN202210693858A CN115143922A CN 115143922 A CN115143922 A CN 115143922A CN 202210693858 A CN202210693858 A CN 202210693858A CN 115143922 A CN115143922 A CN 115143922A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B21/00—Measuring arrangements or details thereof, where the measuring technique is not covered by the other groups of this subclass, unspecified or not relevant
- G01B21/30—Measuring arrangements or details thereof, where the measuring technique is not covered by the other groups of this subclass, unspecified or not relevant for measuring roughness or irregularity of surfaces
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B21/00—Measuring arrangements or details thereof, where the measuring technique is not covered by the other groups of this subclass, unspecified or not relevant
- G01B21/20—Measuring arrangements or details thereof, where the measuring technique is not covered by the other groups of this subclass, unspecified or not relevant for measuring contours or curvatures, e.g. determining profile
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01M13/00—Testing of machine parts
- G01M13/02—Gearings; Transmission mechanisms
- G01M13/021—Gearings
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F30/00—Computer-aided design [CAD]
- G06F30/10—Geometric CAD
- G06F30/18—Network design, e.g. design based on topological or interconnect aspects of utility systems, piping, heating ventilation air conditioning [HVAC] or cabling
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F30/00—Computer-aided design [CAD]
- G06F30/20—Design optimisation, verification or simulation
Abstract
The invention discloses a gear tooth surface roughness measurement and evaluation method for transmission performance analysis. And uniformly taking 5 gear teeth of the gear to be measured in the circumferential direction for measurement, performing least square fitting on the measurement curve and a theoretical tooth profile after obtaining the measurement curve, and removing the macroscopic shape to obtain a microscopic shape curve. And dividing the micro-morphology curve into three evaluation segments according to the meshing characteristics, wherein the measurement result of each evaluation segment is the average value of the roughness results of the evaluation segments on 5 gear teeth. According to the meshing characteristics of the cylindrical gear pair, the gear tooth profile is divided into four evaluation intervals according to a node and a single-tooth and double-tooth transition point, the tooth profile surfaces of a plurality of gear teeth are measured by using a roughness profilometer, and the roughness of the gear surface is evaluated in intervals.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of gear precision measurement, and particularly relates to a method for measuring and evaluating the surface roughness of an involute cylindrical spur gear.
Background
The gear is one of transmission mechanisms and is used for transmitting motion and power. The transmission performance of the gear, such as transmission precision, vibration, noise, abrasion and the like, is affected by the roughness of the surface of the gear. At present, the evaluation of the roughness of the tooth surface is carried out in the height of a working ruler of the tooth profile, and the processing mode and the working state of the tooth surface are not considered. Because the roughness of the tooth surface in different areas is different in different processing modes, and the change of the roughness of the tooth surface is not uniform in the service process of the gear. Therefore, in the calculation of gear lubrication and wear, the evaluation result of the surface roughness of the whole tooth surface is not completely consistent with the actual situation, and the requirements for the analysis and research of gear transmission performance cannot be met.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for measuring and evaluating the gear tooth profile surface roughness, which divides the gear tooth surface area according to the meshing transmission characteristics and evaluates the tooth profile roughness in different areas, so that the evaluation of the gear performance parameters is closer to the practical situation, and the requirement of analyzing the gear transmission performance is better met.
The technical solution for realizing the purpose of the invention is as follows: firstly, an involute part is calculated according to gear pair parameters to be used as a measuring area, and the area needs to contain a meshing starting point A. And uniformly taking 5 gear teeth of the gear to be measured in the circumferential direction for measurement, obtaining a measurement curve, performing least square fitting on the measurement curve and a theoretical tooth profile, and removing a macroscopic shape to obtain a microscopic shape curve. And dividing the micro-morphology curve into three evaluation segments according to the meshing characteristics, wherein the measurement result of each evaluation segment is the average value of the roughness results of the evaluation segments on 5 gear teeth. The method adopted by the invention comprises the following steps:
s1, acquiring a tooth profile;
the tooth profile is acquired by using a roughness profilometer, and a complete involute is measured during measurement for accurately acquiring tooth profile information. And performing least square fitting on the measured curve and the theoretical involute, and removing the shape to obtain a micro-topography curve.
S2, calculating tooth profile segmentation points;
and respectively calculating the radiuses corresponding to a meshing point A, a single-meshing to double-meshing transition point B and D and a meshing point E of the driving wheel and the driven wheel according to the given gear pair design parameters.
S3, dividing the tooth profile measurement curve;
and obtaining the spread angle xi corresponding to each segmentation point according to the radius of the four segmentation points. And according to xi, cutting off the microscopic appearance curve obtained after fitting on different gear teeth into three evaluation sections A-B, B-D and D-E.
S4, calculating the sectional roughness;
according to the surface roughness standard calculation process, firstly, the short-wave cut-off wavelength lambda of the roughness filter is determined s And λ c . And selecting a cut-off wavelength, estimating the roughness grade of the tooth profile surface according to different processing modes, and selecting corresponding long and short cut-off wavelengths according to the standard. Lambda [ alpha ] s And λ c After selection, the same cut-off wavelength is used for filtering operation of different gear teeth and evaluation areas. Each evaluation segment separately calculates the surface roughness Ra, rq as a sampling length.
S5, synthesizing a final evaluation result;
for each evaluation region, the length of the sample on 5 teeth was taken as the evaluation length. The average of the 5 sample lengths Ra of the assessment segment, and the root-mean-square value of Rq, are calculated as the final measurement for the assessment area.
The invention aims to solve the problem of measuring and evaluating the surface roughness of the gear, and because the surface roughness of the gear has important influence on the transmission performance such as the lubrication state, the tooth surface abrasion and the like of the gear, a general surface roughness evaluation mode is not suitable for researching the influence of the surface roughness of the gear on the transmission performance of the gear. According to the meshing characteristics of the cylindrical gear pair, the gear tooth profile is divided into four evaluation intervals according to a node and a single-tooth and double-tooth transition point, the tooth profile surfaces of a plurality of gear teeth are measured by using a roughness profilometer, and the roughness of the gear surface is evaluated in intervals.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the positions of key points of a driving wheel (left) and a driven wheel (right).
Fig. 2 is a flow chart of an assessment process.
FIG. 3 is a table of tooth profile surface roughness evaluation results.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.
The invention adopts the technical scheme that the gear tooth surface roughness measurement and evaluation method for transmission performance analysis comprises the following steps of determining gear pair parameters;
determining gear pair parameters, the parameters used by the evaluation method include the number of teeth z of the driving wheel 1 Number of driven wheel teeth z 2 Modulus m, pressure angle α, deflection coefficient x, center distance a w 。
Calculating five evaluation area segmentation points according to the design parameters of the gear pair;
according to the straight gear meshing principle, for each gear tooth, the change processes of a double-pair meshing area, a single-pair meshing area and a double-pair meshing area occur in the meshing process, and the positions on the tooth profile are shown in fig. 1. Driving wheel O 1 The tooth profile is divided into three sections according to four key points of a meshing point A, a double-meshing to single-meshing conversion point B, a single-meshing to double-meshing conversion point D and a meshing point E. Opposite, driven wheel O cooperating therewith 2 The tooth profile is divided into three sections according to four key points of a meshing point A, a double-meshing to single-meshing conversion point B, a single-meshing to double-meshing conversion point D and a meshing point E, and is shown in figure 2. The radii of the 4 key points of the driving wheel and the driven wheel can be calculated by the geometrical relationship of gear meshing (formulas 1-6).
Selecting a plurality of gear teeth to measure the surface topography of the tooth profile;
in order to make the evaluation result better represent the actual tooth surface quality of the whole gear, 5 gear teeth are selected for measurement. The selected teeth should be evenly distributed on the gear and the measurement should contain as many assessment areas (i.e., a-E) as possible. And measuring the surface topography of the selected gear tooth profile, determining the position relation with a theoretical involute by least square fitting, and removing the shape to obtain a surface topography measurement result.
The tooth profile measurement data are segmented according to 4 assessment areas;
according to the radius of 5 key points calculated by the driving wheel and the driven wheel, the spread angle xi uniquely corresponding to each key point can be deduced 1 -ξ 4 . The radius calculation method for the gear points a, B, D, E is as follows.
ρ e ＝m×π×cosα#(4)
Wherein d is b Is the diameter of the base circle,
is the coefficient of the head clearance.
The spread angle (deg) is calculated as:
wherein r is * For any point radius, ξ is the point spread angle.
Fitting the measured data with a theoretical involute to obtain the position of the measured curve relative to the gear coordinate system, thereby calculating the unique corresponding spread angle xi of each point on the measured data i 。
Searching to obtain the spread angle xi of the key point 1 -ξ 4 Corresponding measured data spread u 1 ～u 4 And its sequence position p in the measurement data sequence 1 ～p 4 According to p 1 ～p 4 The tooth profile of the driving wheel and the driven wheel is respectively divided into 3 evaluation sections. 3 x 5 segments were obtained with 5 teeth.
Calculating the roughness of the segmented surface;
respectively calculating the roughness result R of each segment according to the surface roughness evaluation standard a 、R q 。
The calculation method of the surface roughness refers to the specifications "GB/T1031-2009" surface structure profile method surface roughness parameters and values thereof "and" GB/T131-2006 (ISO 1302) "surface structure representation", and the calculation formula is as follows:
the evaluation result is expressed;
the mean of the 3 evaluation segments over the 5 selected teeth was calculated. For R a Using arithmetic mean, for R a The square root mean value was used as the final assessment result.
The final surface roughness evaluation results are expressed as: roughness parameter with region segmentation identification.
Claims (2)
1. A gear tooth surface roughness measurement and evaluation method for transmission performance analysis is characterized by comprising the following steps: firstly, calculating an involute part as a measurement area according to gear pair parameters, wherein the measurement area needs to contain an engagement starting point A; measuring 5 gear teeth of the gear to be measured uniformly in the circumferential direction, performing least square fitting on the measured curve and a theoretical tooth profile after obtaining the measured curve, and removing a macroscopic shape to obtain a microscopic shape curve; and dividing the micro-topography curve into three evaluation segments according to the meshing characteristics, wherein the measurement result of each evaluation segment is the average value of the roughness results of the evaluation segments on 5 gear teeth.
2. The gear tooth surface roughness measurement and evaluation method oriented to transmission performance analysis according to claim 1, wherein: the method comprises the following steps of,
s1, acquiring a tooth profile;
the tooth profile is obtained by using a roughness profilometer, and a complete involute is measured during measurement for accurately obtaining tooth profile information; performing least square fitting on the measured curve and the theoretical involute, and removing the shape to obtain a micro-topography curve;
s2, calculating tooth profile segmentation points;
respectively calculating the radiuses corresponding to a mesh-in point A, a single-mesh to double-mesh transition point B and D and a mesh-out point E of the driving wheel and the driven wheel according to given gear pair design parameters;
s3, dividing the tooth profile measurement curve;
according to the radius of the four segmentation points, obtaining an angle of spread xi corresponding to each segmentation point; according to xi, cutting off a microscopic shape curve obtained after fitting on different gear teeth into three evaluation sections A-B, B-D and D-E;
s4, calculating the segmentation roughness;
according to the surface roughness standard calculation process, firstly, the short-wave cut-off wavelength lambda of the roughness filter is determined s And λ c (ii) a Selecting cut-off wavelength, estimating the roughness grade of the tooth profile surface according to different processing modes, and selecting corresponding long and short cut-off wavelengths according to the standard; lambda [ alpha ] s And λ c After selection, the same cut-off wavelength is used when filtering operation is carried out on different gear teeth and evaluation areas; each assessment segment is calculated separately as a sample lengthSurface roughness Ra, rq;
s5, synthesizing a final evaluation result;
for each evaluation region, the sampling length on 5 teeth is taken as the evaluation length; the average of the 5 sample lengths Ra of the assessment segment, and the root-mean-square value of Rq, are calculated as the final measurement for the assessment area.
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Cited By (1)
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| CN116429047A (en) * | 2023-05-04 | 2023-07-14 | 扬州保来得科技实业有限公司 | Gear profile measuring and evaluating method |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN116429047A (en) * | 2023-05-04 | 2023-07-14 | 扬州保来得科技实业有限公司 | Gear profile measuring and evaluating method |
| CN116429047B (en) * | 2023-05-04 | 2023-10-13 | 扬州保来得科技实业有限公司 | Gear profile measuring and evaluating method |
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| CN115143922B (en) | 2023-09-26 |
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