CN115139616B - 一种低成本软质非卤地板及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种低成本软质非卤地板及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN115139616B CN115139616B CN202111001993.0A CN202111001993A CN115139616B CN 115139616 B CN115139616 B CN 115139616B CN 202111001993 A CN202111001993 A CN 202111001993A CN 115139616 B CN115139616 B CN 115139616B
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- 229920005644 polyethylene terephthalate glycol copolymer Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 33
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Abstract
本发明涉及B23技术领域,更具体地,本发明涉及一种低成本软质非卤地板及其制备方法。一种低成本软质非卤地板,从上至下依次包括:抗刮层、结合层、玻纤层、底料层;所述结合层包括缓冲层和/或中料层。本申请地板采用PETG作为非卤地板的主要原料,无卤环保,焚烧不产生有毒气体,采用本申请中特定的高分子材料作为中料层和底料层,不仅扩宽了加工温度,同时可以将填料含量提高到75wt%左右,成本低且良率高。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及B23技术领域,更具体地,本发明涉及一种低成本软质非卤地板及其制备方法。
背景技术
由于PVC地板在后续的处理过程中产生有毒有害气体,而在一定程度上限制了PVC地板的应用。目前的PP材质地板,无抗刮层,即使复合抗刮层,PP材质地板与抗刮层复合效果差,对PP材质地板进行涂料等表面处理时附着力差,且容易扭曲变形,良率低下。目前的TPU地板的抗氧化性能差。CN202011021537通过以PETG为基材提供了一种环保地板,然而其多层之间的材质主要为PETG,加工温度窄且硬度较高,延展性差,在多层之间贴合后,层与层之间无法紧密接触,导致产生气泡凹坑等不良效果,同时填料的填充率较低;CN202010940224由5层构成了一种环保地板,同样其存在不同层之间的贴合不紧密的问题。
发明内容
针对现有技术中存在的一些问题,本发明第一个方面提供了一种低成本软质非卤地板,从上至下依次包括:抗刮层、结合层、玻纤层、底料层;所述结合层包括缓冲层和/或中料层。
在一种实施方式中,所述非卤地板从上至下依次包括:UV层、抗刮层、装饰层、结合层、玻纤层、底料层。
在一种实施方式中,所述抗刮层的厚度为0.1-0.3mm,优选为0.2mm。
优选的,所述抗刮层的材质为共聚聚酯,更优选为PETG。
优选的,所述共聚聚酯根据ASTM D955测得的收缩率为0.1-0.6%,更优选为0.2%。
在一种实施方式中,所述共聚聚酯为韩国SK系列,优选为韩国SK K2012。
申请人意外的发现,当抗刮层的材质为PETG时,尤其是根据ASTM D955测得的收缩率为0.2%时,耐磨性能优异,0.2mm的抗刮层根据欧标EN13329测的耐磨等级为AC3,根据IOS1518钢针耐刮测试为3000g,EN 16094-2012马丁代尔耐刮擦B2级,与0.4mmPVC抗刮层的耐磨性能相媲美。
在一种实施方式中,所述抗刮层为其中一面进行磨砂处理的抗刮层。
此外,申请人意外的发现,当抗刮层的材质为韩国SK K2012的共聚聚酯,抗刮层厚度为0.1-0.3mm,且其中一面进行磨砂处理时,此时与本申请中装饰层复合后,解决了因为硬度较高、延展性较差的PETG在与其它层复合效果差,无法紧密接触而导致气泡凹坑等问题,申请人认为可能的原因是收缩率为0.1-0.6%的PETG,通过磨砂后,不仅增大了抗刮层和装饰层的表面接触面积,同时在抗刮层和装饰层之间形成了气泡通路,使得在热压时,产生的气泡能够及时逃逸出来。
在一种实施方式中,所述装饰层为PETG彩膜。
优选的,所述装饰层的厚度为0.05-1mm,更优选为0.08mm。
优选的,所述装饰层为两面进行磨砂处理的装饰层。
在一种实施方式中,所述缓冲层的材质为玻璃纤维和/或聚氨酯。
优选的,所述缓冲层选自湿法玻纤毡、聚氨酯薄膜、聚氨酯胶膜中一种或多种。
本申请中聚氨酯胶膜比聚氨酯薄膜具有更强的粘性。
在一种实施方式中,所述湿法玻纤毡的制备方法包括:将玻纤毡进入胶水中,取出、干燥,即得。
优选的,所述湿法玻纤毡的制备方法包括:将玻纤毡进入胶水中3-5s,取出、干燥,即得。
申请人在实验中意外的发现,当缓冲层选自本申请中特定的湿法玻纤毡、聚氨酯薄膜、聚氨酯胶膜中一种或多种时,大大降低了非卤地板的热膨胀率。申请人认为可能的原因是本申请中缓冲层中大分子链交联作用力较强,内聚能较大,可以在一定程度上抵抗外力作用,在热分子的作用下,更增加了与缓冲层相邻层的接触面积,同时避免了残余气泡的影响。
在一种实施方式中,所述胶水为白乳胶。
在一种实施方式中,所述玻纤毡和胶水的重量比为(90-110):30,优选为100:30。
在一种实施方式中,按重量份计,所述中料层和底料层的制备原料分别独立包括6-150份高分子材料、68-75份无机粉体、0.5-2份润滑剂。
优选的,所述高分子材料选自共聚聚酯、聚氨酯、烯烃共聚物中一种或多种。
优选的,按重量份计,所述高分子材料包括5-80份共聚聚酯、1-50份聚氨酯、0-20份烯烃共聚物。
在一种实施方式中,当非卤地板无缓冲层时,按重量份计,所述高分子材料包括5-30份共聚聚酯、1-15份聚氨酯、0-10份烯烃共聚物。
在一种实施方式中,当非卤地板包括缓冲层和中料层时,按重量份计,所述高分子材料包括10-30份共聚聚酯、1-10份聚氨酯。
在一种优选的实施方式中,当非卤地板包括缓冲层和中料层时,按重量份计,所述高分子材料包括20份共聚聚酯、5份聚氨酯。
优选的,所述共聚聚酯为PETG。
优选的,所述烯烃共聚物为乙烯共聚物,更优选为乙烯-醋酸乙烯共聚物。
优选的,所述无机粉体为碳酸盐粉体,更有选的,所述无机粉体为碳酸钙。
优选的,所述无机粉体的粒径为100-500目,更优选为300目。
本申请所述润滑剂不作特别限定,本领域技术人员可作常规选择。
在一种实施方式中,所述润滑剂选自硬脂酸、钙锌复合稳定剂、聚乙烯蜡中一种或多种。
在一种实施方式中,本申请中底料层与中料层的制备原料相同。
在一种实施方式中,所述玻纤层为玻璃纤维网格布和/或湿法玻纤毡。
申请人意外的发现,在底料层和中料层之间添加玻纤层,尤其是玻纤层为湿法玻纤毡时,此时不仅降低了热膨胀率,同时显著改善了非卤地板的翘曲问题。
优选的,所述玻璃纤维网格布的规格为5*5mm,克重为30g/m2。
在一种实施方式中,所述底料层的下表面设置有平衡防粘层。
优选的,所述平衡防粘层的厚度为0.06-0.1mm,更优选为0.08mm。
优选的,所述平衡防粘层的材质为PETG。
当产品开槽时会产生开槽灰,该开槽灰及易沾到产品底部,影响产品美观。当产品底部有一层PETG平衡防粘层时,能有效隔绝开槽灰的粘连,同时改善产品翘曲。
本发明第二个方面提供了一种所述低成本软质非卤地板的制备方法,包括下面步骤:
(1)将高分子材料、无机粉体和润滑剂混合,以250-350转/min的速度搅拌3-5min后,然后密炼6-9min,接着在150-170℃开炼,开炼后在速度为25-40m/min的冷却辊的作用下冷却,之后分切得到中料层;重复该操作,得到底料层;
(2)将抗刮层和装饰层通过热压的方式或在线贴合的方式进行贴合,得到复合膜;
(3)将复合膜、缓冲层、中料层、玻纤层、底料层或复合膜、中料层、玻纤层、底料层按照顺序置于模具中,然后在油压机中进行热压,得到非卤地板半成品;
(4)对非卤地板半成品表面进行涂覆UV涂料后光固化,然后高温回火处理;
(5)冲切或分切开槽,削边倒角后,即得。
在一种实施方式中,所述步骤(2)中热压的方式,具体包括:在120-140℃,3-4Mpa热压20-40min,然后在20-40℃,6-12Mpa处理10-30min,优选为在130℃,3.5Mpa热压30min,然后在30℃,10Mpa处理20min。
申请人意外的发现,在步骤(2)中使用热压的方式将抗刮层和装饰层进行贴合,克服了PETG延展性差的问题,改善了产品的表观,避免气泡凹坑的产生。
在一种实施方式中,所述步骤(2)中在线贴合的方式具体包括:将分别挂于料辊上的抗刮层和装饰层,在预热辊中进行预热,抗刮层进行预热的预热辊的温度为120-150℃,装饰层进行预热的预热辊的温度为95-115℃,预热辊速度均为10-12m/min;然后将抗刮层和装饰层进行压辊贴合,其中上压辊为橡胶辊,温度为110-130℃,下压辊为钢辊,温度为110-130℃,压辊速度8-12m/min;然后将压辊贴合的复合膜在冷却辊中于10-30℃冷却,冷却辊的速度为10-12m/min。
在一种优选的实施方式中,所述步骤(2)中在线贴合的方式具体包括:将分别挂于料辊上的抗刮层和装饰层,在预热辊中进行预热,抗刮层进行预热的预热辊的温度为130-140℃,装饰层进行预热的预热辊的温度为100-110℃,预热辊速度均为11m/min;然后将抗刮层和装饰层进行压辊贴合,其中上压辊为橡胶辊,温度为120℃,下压辊为钢辊,温度为120℃,压辊速度10m/min;然后将压辊贴合的复合膜在冷却辊中于20℃冷却,冷却辊的速度为11m/min。
申请人意外的发现,在本申请中特定的在线贴合的方式,同样可以改善产品的表观,避免气泡凹坑的产生。
本申请中回火在回火炉中进行,回火炉长度36m,回火温度为130-150℃。
在一种实施方式中,回火处理中,速度为9-11m/min,优选为10m/min。
在一种实施方式中,非卤地板半成品高温回火处理后在空气中冷却至80℃,然后再进水冷却至30-35℃,冷却结束后进行冲切或分切开槽,削边倒角。
在一种实施方式中,所述低成本软质非卤地板的制备方法,包括下面步骤:
(1)将高分子材料、无机粉体和润滑剂混合,以300转/min的速度搅拌4min后,然后密炼8min,接着在160℃开炼,开炼后在速度为28m/min的冷却辊的作用下冷却,之后分切得到中料层;重复该操作,得到底料层;
(2)将抗刮层和装饰层通过热压的方式进行贴合,得到复合膜;
(3)将复合膜、缓冲层、中料层、玻纤层、底料层或复合膜、中料层、玻纤层、底料层按照顺序置于模具中,然后在油压机中进行热压,得到非卤地板半成品;
(4)对非卤地板半成品表面进行涂覆UV涂料后光固化,然后高温回火处理;
(5)冲切,削边倒角后,即得。
本发明与现有技术相比具有以下有益效果:
(1)本申请中采用韩国SK系列的PETG时,抗刮层的耐磨性能优异,可以与2倍厚度的PVC抗刮层的耐磨性能相媲美,此外,抗刮层的一面进行磨砂处理后,解决了因为硬度较高、延展性较差的PETG在与其它层复合效果差,无法紧密接触而导致气泡凹坑等问题;
(2)采用本申请中缓冲层的材料,可以大大降低非卤地板的热膨胀率;
(3)在底料层和中料层之间添加玻纤层,尤其是玻纤层为湿法玻纤毡时,此时不仅降低了热膨胀率,同时显著改善了非卤地板的翘曲问题;
(4)抗刮层和装饰层通过本申请中特定的热压的方式或在线贴合的方式进行贴合,克服了PETG延展性差的问题,改善了产品的表观,避免气泡凹坑的产生;
(5)本申请采用PETG作为非卤地板的主要原料,无卤环保,焚烧不产生有毒气体;
(6)采用本申请中特定的高分子材料作为中料层和底料层,不仅扩宽了加工温度,同时可以将填料含量提高到75wt%左右,成本低且良率高;
(7)本申请中装饰层和抗刮层提前复合后,再次与其他层进行复合,提高了表观良率,克服了PETG延展性差的问题。
具体实施方式
以下通过具体实施方式说明本发明,但不局限于以下给出的具体实施例。
实施例
实施例1
本发明的实施例1提供了一种低成本软质非卤地板,从上至下依次包括UV层、抗刮层、装饰层、缓冲层、中料层、玻纤层、底料层。
所述UV层的材料为UV涂料,UV涂料购自湖南恒兴,牌号为HX-P207B-5;所述UV层的厚度为0.03-0.05mm。
所述抗刮层厚度为0.2mm,材质为PETG透明料,牌号为韩国SK K2012。所述抗刮层其中一面进行磨砂处理。
所述装饰层为PETG彩膜,厚度为0.08mm,所述装饰层两面进行磨砂处理。。
所述缓冲层为湿法玻纤毡,厚度为0.2mm,制备方法为:将玻纤毡进入白乳胶中4s,取出、干燥,即得。所述玻纤毡和胶水的重量比为100:30。
按重量份计,所述中料层和底料层的制备原料分别为20份PETG、5份TPU、74份碳酸钙、1份硬脂酸。所述TPU购自烟台万华,牌号为1495A。所述碳酸钙的粒径为300目。所述中料层的厚度为1.1mm,底料层的厚度为2.6mm。
所述玻纤层为湿法玻纤毡,厚度为0.2mm。
所述低成本软质非卤地板的制备方法,具体如下:
(1)将PETG、TPU、碳酸钙和硬脂酸混合,以300转/min的速度搅拌4min后,然后密炼8min,接着在160℃开炼,开炼后在速度为28m/min的冷却辊的作用下冷却,之后分切得到中料层;重复该操作,得到底料层;
(2)将抗刮层一面和装饰层在130℃,3.5Mpa热压30min,然后在30℃,10Mpa处理20min,得到复合膜;
(3)将复合膜、缓冲层、中料层、玻纤层、底料层按照顺序置于模具中,然后在油压机中进行热压,得到非卤地板半成品;
(4)对非卤地板半成品表面进行涂覆UV涂料后光固化,然后在长度为36m的回火炉中进行回火处理,回火温度为140℃,回火速度为10m/min,回火处理后非卤地板半成品在空气中冷却至80℃,然后再进水冷却至35℃;
(5)冲切,削边倒角后,即得。
实施例2
本发明的实施例2提供了一种低成本软质非卤地板,其具体实施方式同实施例1。
所述低成本软质非卤地板的制备方法,具体如下:
(1)将PETG、TPU、碳酸钙和硬脂酸混合,以300转/min的速度搅拌4min后,然后密炼8min,接着在160℃开炼,开炼后在速度为28m/min的冷却辊的作用下冷却,之后分切得到中料层;重复该操作,得到底料层;
(2)将分别挂于料辊上的抗刮层和装饰层,在预热辊中进行预热,抗刮层进行预热的预热辊的温度为135℃,装饰层进行预热的预热辊的温度为105℃,预热辊速度均为11m/min;然后将抗刮层和装饰层进行压辊贴合,其中上压辊为橡胶辊,温度为120℃,下压辊为钢辊,温度为120℃,压辊速度10m/min;然后将压辊贴合的复合膜在冷却辊中于20℃冷却,冷却辊的速度为11m/min,得到复合膜;
(3)将复合膜、缓冲层、中料层、玻纤层、底料层按照顺序置于模具中,然后在油压机中进行热压,得到非卤地板半成品;
(4)对非卤地板半成品表面进行涂覆UV涂料后光固化,然后在长度为36m的回火炉中进行回火处理,回火温度为140℃,回火速度为10m/min,回火处理后非卤地板半成品在空气中冷却至80℃,然后再进水冷却至35℃;
(5)冲切,削边倒角后,即得。
实施例3
本发明的实施例3提供了一种低成本软质非卤地板,从上至下依次包括UV层、抗刮层、装饰层、中料层、玻纤层、底料层。
所述UV层、抗刮层、装饰层、玻纤层、底料层其具体实施方式同实施例1。
所述中料层的厚度为1.1mm;按重量份计,所述中料层的制备原料为7份PETG、12份TPU、5份EVA、75份碳酸钙、1份硬脂酸。所述TPU购自烟台万华,牌号为1495A;所述EVA购自扬子石化,牌号为V5110J。所述碳酸钙的粒径为300目。
所述低成本软质非卤地板的制备方法,具体如下:
(1)将PETG、TPU、EVA、碳酸钙和硬脂酸混合,以300转/min的速度搅拌4min后,然后密炼8min,接着在160℃开炼,开炼后在速度为28m/min的冷却辊的作用下冷却,之后分切得到中料层;重复该操作,得到底料层;
(2)将抗刮层一面和装饰层在130℃,3.5Mpa热压30min,然后在30℃,10Mpa处理20min,得到复合膜;
(3)将复合膜、中料层、玻纤层、底料层按照顺序置于模具中,然后在油压机中进行热压,得到非卤地板半成品;
(4)对非卤地板半成品表面进行涂覆UV涂料后光固化,然后然后在长度为36m的回火炉中进行回火处理,回火温度为140℃,回火速度为10m/min,回火处理后非卤地板半成品在空气中冷却至80℃,然后再进水冷却至35℃;
(5)冲切,削边倒角后,即得。
实施例4
本发明的实施例4提供了一种低成本软质非卤地板,其具体实施方式同实施例2。
所述低成本软质非卤地板的制备方法其具体实施方式同实施例2,不同之处在于,所述步骤(2)为将分别挂于料辊上的抗刮层和装饰层,在预热辊中进行预热,抗刮层进行预热的预热辊的温度为135℃,装饰层进行预热的预热辊的温度为105℃,预热辊速度均为14m/min;然后将抗刮层和装饰层进行压辊贴合,其中上压辊为橡胶辊,温度为120℃,下压辊为钢辊,温度为120℃,压辊速度14m/min;然后将压辊贴合的复合膜在冷却辊中于20℃冷却,冷却辊的速度为13m/min,得到复合膜。
实施例5
本发明的实施例5提供了一种低成本软质非卤地板,其具体实施方式同实施例3。
所述低成本软质非卤地板的制备方法其具体实施方式同实施例3,不同之处在于,按重量份计,所述底料层和所述中料层的制备原料为22份PETG、3份TPU、74份碳酸钙、1份硬脂酸。所述TPU购自烟台万华,牌号为1495A;所述EVA购自扬子石化,牌号为V5110J。所述碳酸钙的粒径为300目。
实施例6
本发明的实施例6提供了一种低成本软质非卤地板,其具体实施方式同实施例3。
所述低成本软质非卤地板的制备方法其具体实施方式同实施例5,不同之处在于,从上至下依次包括UV层、抗刮层、装饰层、中料层、玻纤层、底料层、平衡防粘层。
所述平衡防粘层厚度为0.08mm,材质为PETG,牌号为韩国SK K2012。所述抗刮层其中一面进行磨砂处理。
性能评估
1.收缩率:分别对实施例1-6得到的低成本软质非卤地板的收缩率使用ISO23999标准进行测试,其中低成本软质非卤地板在80℃处理6h再进行测试。
2.邵氏硬度:分别对实施例1-6中中料层和底料层的邵氏硬度使用邵氏D硬度计进行测试。
3.锁扣拉力:分别对实施例1-6得到的低成本软质非卤地板的锁扣拉力进行测试,测试标准为ISO24334,试验条件为23±2℃,相对湿度为50±5%。
4.翘曲:分别对实施例1-6得到的低成本软质非卤地板的翘曲参照ISO 24342进行测试。
表1
Claims (6)
1.一种低成本软质非卤地板,其特征在于,所述非卤地板从上至下依次包括:UV层、抗刮层、装饰层、结合层、玻纤层、底料层;所述结合层包括缓冲层和/或中料层;所述抗刮层的厚度为0.2mm,所述抗刮层的材质为PETG;所述PETG根据ASTM D955测得的收缩率为0.1-0.6%,所述抗刮层其中一面进行磨砂处理;所述缓冲层为湿法玻纤毡,厚度为0.2mm,所述湿法玻纤毡的制备方法包括:将玻纤毡进入胶水中3-5s,取出、干燥,即得;所述玻纤毡和胶水的重量比为(90-110):30;所述装饰层两面进行磨砂处理。
2.根据权利要求1所述低成本软质非卤地板,其特征在于,所述PETG为韩国SK系列的PETG。
3.根据权利要求1所述低成本软质非卤地板,其特征在于,按重量份计,所述中料层和底料层的制备原料分别独立包括6-150份高分子材料、68-75份无机粉体、0.5-2份润滑剂;所述高分子材料包括5-80份PETG、1-50份聚氨酯、0-20份烯烃共聚物。
4.根据权利要求3所述低成本软质非卤地板,其特征在于,当结合层无缓冲层时,按重量份计,所述高分子材料包括5-30份PETG、1-15份聚氨酯、0-10份烯烃共聚物。
5.根据权利要求3所述低成本软质非卤地板,其特征在于,当非卤地板包括缓冲层和中料层时,按重量份计,所述高分子材料包括10-30份PETG、1-10份聚氨酯。
6.一种根据权利要求3-5任一项所述低成本软质非卤地板的制备方法,其特征在于,包括下面步骤:
(1)将高分子材料、无机粉体和润滑剂混合,以250-350转/min的速度搅拌3-5min后,然后密炼6-9min,接着在150-170℃开炼,开炼后在速度为25-30m/min的冷却辊的作用下冷却,之后分切得到中料层;重复该操作,得到底料层;
(2)将抗刮层和装饰层通过热压的方式或在线贴合的方式进行贴合,得到复合膜;
(3)将复合膜、缓冲层、中料层、玻纤层、底料层或复合膜、中料层、玻纤层、底料层按照顺序置于模具中,然后在油压机中进行热压,得到非卤地板半成品;
(4)对非卤地板半成品表面进行涂覆 UV涂料后光固化,然后高温回火处理;
(5)冲切或分切开槽,削边倒角后,即得。
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