CN115137014B - Application of grass mulberry chrysanthemum extract and animal nutrition preparation based on homology of medicine and food - Google Patents
Application of grass mulberry chrysanthemum extract and animal nutrition preparation based on homology of medicine and food Download PDFInfo
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- CN115137014B CN115137014B CN202210561744.5A CN202210561744A CN115137014B CN 115137014 B CN115137014 B CN 115137014B CN 202210561744 A CN202210561744 A CN 202210561744A CN 115137014 B CN115137014 B CN 115137014B
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
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- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; CARE OF BIRDS, FISHES, INSECTS; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K67/00—Rearing or breeding animals, not otherwise provided for; New breeds of animals
- A01K67/02—Breeding vertebrates
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
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- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/10—Animal feeding-stuffs obtained by microbiological or biochemical processes
- A23K10/12—Animal feeding-stuffs obtained by microbiological or biochemical processes by fermentation of natural products, e.g. of vegetable material, animal waste material or biomass
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
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- A23K10/10—Animal feeding-stuffs obtained by microbiological or biochemical processes
- A23K10/14—Pretreatment of feeding-stuffs with enzymes
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
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- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/10—Animal feeding-stuffs obtained by microbiological or biochemical processes
- A23K10/16—Addition of microorganisms or extracts thereof, e.g. single-cell proteins, to feeding-stuff compositions
- A23K10/18—Addition of microorganisms or extracts thereof, e.g. single-cell proteins, to feeding-stuff compositions of live microorganisms
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
- A23K10/37—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms from waste material
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
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- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/142—Amino acids; Derivatives thereof
- A23K20/147—Polymeric derivatives, e.g. peptides or proteins
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
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- A23K20/163—Sugars; Polysaccharides
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- A61K36/00—Medicinal preparations of undetermined constitution containing material from algae, lichens, fungi or plants, or derivatives thereof, e.g. traditional herbal medicines
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- A61K36/185—Magnoliopsida (dicotyledons)
- A61K36/28—Asteraceae or Compositae (Aster or Sunflower family), e.g. chamomile, feverfew, yarrow or echinacea
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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Abstract
The invention provides application of a medicinal and edible mulberry chrysanthemum extract and an animal nutrition preparation, and belongs to the technical field of animal feeds. The invention adopts the water extraction and alcohol precipitation in the process of producing the mulberry chrysanthemum granules as the raw material, obtains the mulberry chrysanthemum extract such as oligosaccharide prebiotics after directional treatment, and prepares the animal nutrition preparation after being matched with the mulberry chrysanthemum solid waste residue and auxiliary materials for fermentation, thereby achieving the aim of reutilizing the Chinese medicinal wastes, reducing the waste of resources and having important significance for the virtuous cycle development of the Chinese medicinal industry.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of animal feeds, and particularly relates to a medicinal and edible mulberry chrysanthemum extract and an application of an animal nutrition preparation.
Background
The preparation processed by the three medicinal materials of the common selfheal fruit-spike, the mulberry leaf and the wild chrysanthemum has the effects of clearing liver and improving vision, dispelling wind and cooling, removing dampness and arthralgia and resolving sore toxin, can be used for treating wind-heat type common cold, conjunctival congestion and headache, hypertension, dizziness and tinnitus, sore throat, furuncle and swelling toxin and the like, and can be used as a cool beverage. Researches show that the extract of the mulberry leaf chrysanthemum contains a large amount of flavonoid compounds and has the activities of reducing blood sugar, blood pressure, blood fat, atherosclerosis and the like. In addition, the chrysanthemum morifolium ramat has the effects of scavenging free radicals, diminishing inflammation, inhibiting viruses and the like, and for example, the application of the chrysanthemum morifolium ramat in the preparation of medicines for preventing and treating dengue fever is disclosed in patent CN 201610345710.7; patent CN202010876776.5 discloses the use of a sumac extract for inhibiting human coronavirus.
The Chinese medicinal waste is biological tissue and organ which is not developed and utilized in the processes of medicinal material production, decoction piece processing, chinese medicinal extract preparation and the like, and is usually a mixture of extracted rhizome and leaf of plants, animal residues, mineral medicines and the like. The Chinese medicinal waste is extracted, but still contains crude fiber, crude fat, starch, saccharides, various trace elements and other components, and also contains certain bioactive substances, so that the Chinese medicinal waste has good nutritional and medicinal values. With the rapid development of the traditional Chinese medicine industry, the discharge of traditional Chinese medicine waste is gradually increased. The traditional Chinese medicine waste treatment adopts modes of direct stacking, landfill or incineration, and the like, so that not only is the resource waste caused, but also the pollution to the surrounding environment is easy to cause. Therefore, the recycling, harmless and high-valued treatment of the traditional Chinese medicine wastes has become a great problem facing the traditional Chinese medicine industry. For example, patent cn20161054987. X discloses a sheep feed, which contains bean pulp, detoxified rape seed cake, fermented bean dregs, corn distillers grains, chinese medicine dregs, corn husks, sunflower heads, salt, trace elements, vitamins and other components. The patent CN201810152835.7 discloses a method for preparing ethanol by secondary fermentation of solid waste of traditional Chinese medicine, which comprises inoculating fungi for both medicine and food on a solid waste substrate of traditional Chinese medicine, growing the fungi on the substrate, fermenting completely to obtain solid primary fermentation mycoplasm of the solid waste of traditional Chinese medicine, adding glutinous rice and water into the solid fermentation mycoplasm of the traditional Chinese medicine according to a certain proportion, boiling, and fermenting with distiller's yeast for the second time to obtain an ethanol aqueous solution containing the component of the fermentation mycoplasm, wherein the ethanol solution can be used for extracting ethanol from the ethanol, and can be directly processed into medicinal liquor or health care wine, and simultaneously, the distiller's grains after the secondary fermentation can be used as a feed additive to be added into livestock feed, thus obtaining the feed with better taste and better acceptance for livestock.
In addition, in the production of traditional Chinese medicine granule products, in order to ensure uniform and stable product quality, the traditional Chinese medicine materials after water extraction are required to be subjected to alcohol precipitation treatment, supernatant liquid after alcohol precipitation is used as a raw material for producing traditional Chinese medicine granules, and alcohol precipitation is waste, but the waste contains rich polysaccharide, polyphenol, flavonoid substances and other components. In the production, the waste is often directly discharged, so that the resource waste is caused, and meanwhile, the ecological environment is greatly damaged.
Therefore, how to adopt scientific and effective technology and method to carry out deep processing on the traditional Chinese medicine waste has important significance for recycling the traditional Chinese medicine waste.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects, the invention provides a medicinal and edible grass mulberry chrysanthemum extract and an application of an animal nutrition preparation. The invention adopts the water extraction and alcohol precipitation in the process of producing the mulberry chrysanthemum granules as the raw material, obtains the mulberry chrysanthemum extract such as oligosaccharide prebiotics after directional treatment, and prepares the animal nutrition preparation after being matched with the mulberry chrysanthemum solid waste residue and auxiliary materials for fermentation, thereby achieving the aim of reutilizing the Chinese medicinal wastes, reducing the waste of resources and having important significance for the virtuous cycle development of the Chinese medicinal industry.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention has the following technical scheme:
in one aspect, the invention provides a preparation method of a summer mulberry chrysanthemum oligosaccharide prebiotic, which comprises the following steps:
(1) Dilution: diluting the water-extracted alcohol sediment of the grass mulberry chrysanthemum;
(2) Enzymolysis: and (3) carrying out enzymolysis and membrane separation on the diluted water-extracted alcohol sediment of the mulberry chrysanthemum in the step (1) to obtain the micromolecular mulberry chrysanthemum oligosaccharide prebiotics.
Specifically, the water-extracted and alcohol-precipitated substances of the mulberry chrysanthemum in the step (1) are diluted by water, and the concentration of the diluted polysaccharide is 0.5-50mg/mL.
Specifically, the enzymolysis in the step (2) comprises a pectase enzymolysis process, a cellulase enzymolysis process and a saccharifying enzyme enzymolysis process which are sequentially carried out.
More specifically, the pectase enzymolysis process is to adopt pectase for enzymolysis for 10-30min at 35-65 ℃; the concentration of the pectase is 400-600U/mL, preferably 500U/mL.
More specifically, the enzymolysis process of the cellulase is that the cellulase is adopted to carry out enzymolysis for 30-60min at the temperature of 40-50 ℃; the concentration of the cellulase is 900-1100U/mL, preferably 1000U/mL.
More specifically, the saccharification enzyme enzymolysis process is to adopt saccharification enzyme to carry out enzymolysis for 2-5 hours at the temperature of 30-55 ℃; the concentration of the saccharifying enzyme is 400-600U/mL, preferably 500U/mL.
Specifically, the membrane separation in the step (2) is to separate the solution after enzymolysis through an ultrafiltration membrane with the molecular weight cutoff of 10kDa, remove macromolecular substances, and obtain effluent liquid to obtain the Xiasangju oligosaccharide prebiotics with the molecular weight cutoff of less than 10 kDa.
On the other hand, the invention also provides the Xiasangju oligosaccharide prebiotics, and the Xiasangju oligosaccharide prebiotics are prepared by adopting the preparation method.
In still another aspect, the present invention provides a method for preparing an animal nutrition preparation of a mulberry chrysanthemum extract, the method comprising the steps of:
(1) Drying and crushing: taking the residue of the mulberry leaf and chrysanthemum as a raw material, drying and crushing to prepare crushed residue;
(2) And (3) aspergillus fermentation: spraying proper amount of water to make the water content reach 35-45%, adding 0.5-10% of Xiasangju oligosaccharide prebiotics smaller than 10kDa according to the total mass of the residues, and inoculating Aspergillus niger and Aspergillus oryzae for fermentation for 1-3d;
(3) Adding auxiliary materials: uniformly mixing the auxiliary materials of soybean meal, glucose and protein powder according to the proportion of 60-80%, 10-20% and 10-20%, uniformly mixing the fermented product according to the proportion of 3:1, adding 2-20% of the grass mulberry and chrysanthemum oligosaccharide prebiotics of less than 10kDa according to the total mass of the auxiliary materials and the fermented product mixture, and inoculating lactobacillus, saccharomycetes and bacillus for moisturizing and fermenting for 3-10d;
(4) And (3) drying: drying at 30-60deg.C for 1-10 hr after fermentation is completed to obtain XIASANGJU animal nutrition preparation.
Specifically, the fineness of the slag in the step (1) is 3-5mm.
Specifically, the number of colonies of Aspergillus niger described in step (2) is 10 2 -10 4 cfu/mL, preferably 10 3 cfu/mL; the colony number of the aspergillus oryzae is 10 2 -10 4 cfu/mL, preferably 10 3 cfu/mL。
Specifically, the colony count of the lactic acid bacteria in the step (3) is 10 2 -10 4 cfu/mL, preferably 10 3 cfu/mL; the colony number of the saccharomycetes is 10 3 -10 5 cfu/mL, preferably 10 4 cfu/mL; the colony number of the bacillus is 10 2 -10 4 cfu/mL, preferably 10 3 cfu/mL。
Further specifically, the mass ratio of the lactobacillus, the saccharomycete and the bacillus is as follows: 1-3.5:3-6:2-5.
In still another aspect, the invention also provides an animal nutrition preparation of the mulberry chrysanthemum extract, which is prepared by adopting the preparation method.
Specifically, the animal nutrition preparation also comprises additives.
Further specifically, the additives include, but are not limited to: essence and spice, colorant, sweetener, sour agent, flavoring agent, emulsifier, thickener, antiseptic, antioxidant, compound flavoring agent, and nutrition enhancer.
In still another aspect, the invention also provides application of the summer mulberry oligosaccharide prebiotics or the summer mulberry extract animal nutrition preparation in preparing animal feed.
In yet another aspect, the invention also provides an animal feed comprising the above-described grass-mulberry-oligosaccharide prebiotic or grass-mulberry-chrysanthemum extract animal nutritional preparation.
In still another aspect, the present invention also provides a method for feeding animals, wherein the method for feeding animals uses the animal feed.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following positive and beneficial effects:
(1) The invention adopts the water extraction and alcohol precipitation in the process of producing the mulberry chrysanthemum granules as the raw material, obtains the mulberry chrysanthemum extract such as oligosaccharide prebiotics after directional treatment, and prepares the animal nutrition preparation after being matched with the mulberry chrysanthemum solid waste residue and auxiliary materials for fermentation, thereby achieving the aim of reutilizing Chinese medicinal wastes, reducing the waste of resources, having great significance for benign cyclic development of the Chinese medicinal industry and being suitable for large-scale application and popularization.
(2) The preparation method provided by the invention is adopted, and the Xiasangju extract animal nutrition preparation prepared by combining the solid waste residue and the Xiasangju water extraction and alcohol precipitation has a synergistic function, so that the serum triglyceride content of animals can be obviously reduced, and the disease resistance of the animals can be improved.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the following examples, which are not intended to limit the present invention, but are merely illustrative of the present invention. The experimental methods used in the following examples are not specifically described, but the experimental methods in which specific conditions are not specified in the examples are generally carried out under conventional conditions, and the materials, reagents, etc. used in the following examples are commercially available unless otherwise specified.
In certain embodiments, the invention provides a method for preparing a summer mulberry oligosaccharide prebiotic, comprising the steps of:
(1) Dilution: diluting the water-extracted alcohol precipitate of the grass mulberry chrysanthemum.
Wherein, the water extraction and alcohol precipitation of the mulberry chrysanthemum is diluted by water, and the concentration of the polysaccharide after dilution is 0.5-50mg/mL.
In one embodiment, the concentration of the polysaccharide after dilution may be, but is not limited to, 0.5mg/mL, 1mg/mL, 5mg/mL, 10mg/mL, 15mg/mL, 20mg/mL, 25mg/mL, 30mg/mL, 35mg/mL, 40mg/mL, 45mg/mL, or 50mg/mL.
(2) Enzymolysis: and (3) carrying out enzymolysis and membrane separation on the diluted water-extracted alcohol sediment of the mulberry chrysanthemum in the step (1) to obtain the micromolecular mulberry chrysanthemum oligosaccharide prebiotics.
Wherein the enzymolysis comprises a pectase enzymolysis process, a cellulase enzymolysis process and a saccharifying enzyme enzymolysis process which are sequentially carried out.
The enzymolysis process of pectase is that pectase is adopted to carry out enzymolysis for 10-30min at 35-65 ℃; the concentration of the pectase is 400-600U/mL, and the concentration of the pectase can be 400U/mL, 450U/mL, 500U/mL, 550U/mL or 600U/mL; the enzymolysis temperature may be 35 ℃, 36 ℃, 37 ℃, 38 ℃, 39 ℃, 40 ℃, 41 ℃, 42 ℃, 43 ℃, 44 ℃,45 ℃, 46 ℃, 47 ℃, 48 ℃, 49 ℃, 50 ℃, 51 ℃, 52 ℃, 53 ℃, 54 ℃, 55 ℃, 56 ℃, 57 ℃, 58 ℃, 59 ℃, 60 ℃, 61 ℃, 62 ℃, 63 ℃, 64 ℃ or 65 ℃; the enzymolysis time can be 10min, 12min, 14min, 16min, 18min, 20min, 22min, 24min, 26min, 28min or 30min.
The enzymolysis process of the cellulase adopts the cellulase to carry out enzymolysis for 30-60min at the temperature of 40-50 ℃; the concentration of the cellulase is 900-1100U/mL, and the concentration of the cellulase can be 900U/mL, 950U/mL, 1000U/mL, 1050U/mL or 1100U/mL; the enzymolysis temperature can be 40 ℃, 41 ℃, 42 ℃, 43 ℃, 44 ℃,45 ℃, 46 ℃, 47 ℃, 48 ℃, 49 ℃ or 50 ℃; the enzymolysis time can be 30min, 32min, 34min, 36min, 38min, 40min, 42min, 44min, 46min, 48min, 50min, 52min, 54min, 56min, 58min or 60min.
The enzymolysis process of the saccharifying enzyme is that the saccharifying enzyme is adopted to carry out enzymolysis for 2-5 hours at the temperature of 30-55 ℃; the concentration of the saccharifying enzyme is 400-600U/mL, and the concentration of the saccharifying enzyme can be 400U/mL, 450U/mL, 500U/mL, 550U/mL or 600U/mL; the enzymolysis temperature may be 30 ℃, 31 ℃, 32 ℃, 33 ℃, 34 ℃, 35 ℃, 36 ℃, 37 ℃, 38 ℃, 39 ℃, 40 ℃, 41 ℃, 42 ℃, 43 ℃, 44 ℃,45 ℃, 46 ℃, 47 ℃, 48 ℃, 49 ℃, 50 ℃, 51 ℃, 52 ℃, 53 ℃, 54 ℃ or 55 ℃; the enzymolysis time can be 2h, 2.2h, 2.4h, 2.6h, 2.8h, 3h, 3.2h, 3.4h, 3.6h, 3.8h, 4h, 4.2h, 4.4h, 4.6h, 4.8h or 5h.
The membrane separation is to separate the solution after enzymolysis through an ultrafiltration membrane with the molecular weight cutoff of 10kDa, remove macromolecular substances, and obtain effluent liquid to obtain the Xiasangju oligosaccharide prebiotics with the molecular weight cutoff of less than 10 kDa.
In certain embodiments, the present invention provides a method of preparing an animal nutritional formulation of a mulberry chrysanthemum extract, the method comprising the steps of:
(1) Drying and crushing: taking the residue of the mulberry leaf and chrysanthemum as a raw material, drying and crushing to prepare crushed residue;
wherein the fineness of the slag is 3-5mm, and can be 3mm, 4mm or 5mm.
(2) And (3) aspergillus fermentation: spraying proper amount of water to make the water content reach 35-45%, adding 0.5-10% of Xiasangju oligosaccharide prebiotics smaller than 10kDa according to the total mass of the residues, and inoculating Aspergillus niger and Aspergillus oryzae for fermentation for 1-3d;
wherein the moisture content may be 35%, 36%, 37%, 38%, 39%, 40%, 41%, 42%, 43%, 44% or 45%.
Wherein the colony number of the aspergillus niger is 10 2 -10 4 cfu/mL, the colony number of the Aspergillus niger can be 10 2 cfu/mL、10 3 cfu/mL or 10 4 cfu/mL; the colony number of the aspergillus oryzae is 10 2 -10 4 cfu/mL, the colony number of the aspergillus oryzae can be 10 2 cfu/mL、10 3 cfu/mL or 10 4 cfu/mL。
(3) Adding auxiliary materials: uniformly mixing soybean meal, glucose and protein powder according to the proportion of 60-80%, 10-20% and 10-20%, uniformly mixing the fermented product with auxiliary materials according to the proportion of 3:1, adding 2-20% of Xiasangju oligosaccharide prebiotics smaller than 10kDa according to the total mass of the auxiliary materials and the fermented product mixture, inoculating lactobacillus, saccharomycetes and bacillus, and carrying out moisturizing fermentation for 3-10d;
wherein the colony number of the lactobacillus is10 2 -10 4 cfu/mL, the colony number of the lactobacillus can be 10 2 cfu/mL、10 3 cfu/mL or 10 4 cfu/mL; the colony number of the saccharomycetes is 10 3 -10 5 cfu/mL, the colony number of the saccharomycetes can be 10 3 cfu/mL、10 4 cfu/mL or 10 5 cfu/mL; the colony number of the bacillus is 10 2 -10 4 cfu/mL, the colony number of the bacillus can be 10 2 cfu/mL、10 3 cfu/mL or 10 4 cfu/mL。
The mass ratio of the lactobacillus, the saccharomycete and the bacillus is as follows: 1-3.5:3-6:2-5.
(4) And (3) drying: drying at 30-60deg.C for 1-10 hr after fermentation is completed to obtain XIASANGJU animal nutrition preparation.
Wherein the drying temperature can be 30 ℃, 35 ℃, 40 ℃,45 ℃, 50 ℃, 55 ℃ or 60 ℃; the drying time is 1h, 1.5h, 2h, 2.5h, 3h, 3.5h, 4h, 4.5h, 5h, 5.5h, 6h, 6.5h, 7h, 7.5h, 8h, 8.5h, 9h, 9.5h or 10h.
The strain information used in the following examples is as follows: aspergillus niger is GDMCC 3.24, aspergillus oryzae is GDMCC 3.236, lactobacillus is GDMCC 1.208, yeast is GDMCC 2.148, and bacillus is BNCC188062.
Example 1A Chamomile extract animal nutritional preparation
1. Preparation of grass mulberry chrysanthemum oligosaccharide prebiotics
(1) Dilution: the concentration of the polysaccharide in the ethanol sediment obtained by water extraction of the mulberry chrysanthemum after ethanol recovery is determined by a sulfuric acid-phenol method, and the polysaccharide concentration reaches 0.5-50mg/mL after the polysaccharide is properly diluted by water.
(2) Enzymolysis: the pectase (500U/mL) is used for enzymolysis for 20min at 50 ℃, then the cellulase (1000U/mL) is used for enzymolysis for 40min at 45 ℃, and finally the saccharifying enzyme (500U/mL) is used for enzymolysis for 3h at 40 ℃. Heating at 80deg.C for 15min to deactivate enzyme. The step aims at degrading macromolecular water extraction and alcohol precipitation of the grass mulberry and chrysanthemum into micromolecular grass mulberry and chrysanthemum oligosaccharide prebiotics.
(3) Membrane separation: separating the solution with ultrafiltration membrane with molecular weight cut-off of 10kDa, removing macromolecular substances, and collecting effluent. This step aims to obtain a shasangju oligosaccharide prebiotic of less than 10 kDa.
2. Preparation of animal nutrition preparation of grass mulberry chrysanthemum extract
(1) Drying and crushing: taking the residue of the chrysanthemum morifolium ramat as a raw material, drying and crushing the residue to prepare crushed residue with the fineness of 3-5mm;
(2) And (3) aspergillus fermentation: spraying proper amount of water to make the water content reach 40%, adding 5% of oligosaccharide prebiotics of less than 10kDa Xiasangju according to the total mass of the residues, and inoculating Aspergillus niger and Aspergillus oryzae for fermentation for 2d; wherein the colony number of Aspergillus niger is 10 3 cfu/mL, colony count of Aspergillus oryzae is 10 3 cfu/mL。
(3) Adding auxiliary materials: uniformly mixing soybean meal, glucose and protein powder according to the proportion of 70%, 15% and 15%, uniformly mixing the fermented product with auxiliary materials according to the proportion of 3:1, adding 10% of less than 10kDa Xiasangju oligosaccharide prebiotics according to the total mass of the auxiliary materials and the fermented product mixture, simultaneously inoculating 2.5 parts of lactobacillus, 5 parts of saccharomycetes and 3 parts of bacillus, and carrying out moisture preservation fermentation for 6d; wherein the colony number of lactobacillus is 10 3 cfu/mL, the colony number of the saccharomycetes is 10 4 cfu/mL, the colony number of the bacillus is 10 3 cfu/mL。
(4) And (3) drying: and after the fermentation is completed, drying at 45 ℃ for 5 hours to prepare the Xiasangju animal nutrition preparation.
Comparative example 1 animal nutritional preparation comprising extract of Chamomile and Chrysanthemum morifolium
Preparation of the grass mulberry chrysanthemum extract animal nutrition preparation:
(1) Drying and crushing: taking the residue of the chrysanthemum morifolium ramat as a raw material, drying and crushing the residue to prepare crushed residue with the fineness of 3-5mm;
(2) And (3) aspergillus fermentation: spraying proper amount of water to make the water content reach 40%, and inoculating Aspergillus niger and Aspergillus oryzae for fermentation for 2d; wherein the colony number of Aspergillus niger is 10 3 cfu/mL, colony count of Aspergillus oryzae is 10 3 cfu/mL。
(3) Adding auxiliary materials: uniformly mixing soybean meal, glucose and protein powder according to the proportion of 70%, 15% and 15%, and simultaneously inoculating 2.5 parts of lactobacillus and 5 parts of saccharomycetesAnd 3 parts of bacillus, and performing moisture preservation and fermentation for 6d; wherein the colony number of lactobacillus is 10 3 cfu/mL, the colony number of the saccharomycetes is 10 4 cfu/mL, the colony number of the bacillus is 10 3 cfu/mL。
(4) And (3) drying: and after the fermentation is completed, drying at 45 ℃ for 5 hours to prepare the Xiasangju animal nutrition preparation.
Comparative example 2 animal nutritional preparation of extract of Chamomile
1. Preparation of grass mulberry chrysanthemum oligosaccharide prebiotics
(1) Dilution: the concentration of the polysaccharide in the ethanol sediment obtained by water extraction of the mulberry chrysanthemum after ethanol recovery is determined by a sulfuric acid-phenol method, and the polysaccharide concentration reaches 0.5-50mg/mL after the polysaccharide is properly diluted by water.
(2) Enzymolysis: the pectase (500U/mL) is used for enzymolysis for 20min at 50 ℃, then the cellulase (1000U/mL) is used for enzymolysis for 40min at 45 ℃, and finally the saccharifying enzyme (500U/mL) is used for enzymolysis for 3h at 40 ℃. Heating at 80deg.C for 15min to deactivate enzyme. The step aims at degrading macromolecular water extraction and alcohol precipitation of the grass mulberry and chrysanthemum into micromolecular grass mulberry and chrysanthemum oligosaccharide prebiotics.
(3) Membrane separation: separating the solution with ultrafiltration membrane with molecular weight cut-off of 10kDa, removing macromolecular substances, and collecting effluent. This step aims to obtain a shasangju oligosaccharide prebiotic of less than 10 kDa.
2. Preparation of animal nutrition preparation of grass mulberry chrysanthemum extract
(1) And (3) aspergillus fermentation: inoculating Aspergillus niger and Aspergillus oryzae in the Xiasangju oligosaccharide prebiotics for fermentation for 2d; wherein the colony number of Aspergillus niger is 10 3 cfu/mL, colony count of Aspergillus oryzae is 10 3 cfu/mL。
(3) Adding auxiliary materials: uniformly mixing soybean meal, glucose and protein powder according to the proportion of 70%, 15% and 15%, uniformly mixing the fermented product with auxiliary materials according to the proportion of 3:1, adding 10% of less than 10kDa Xiasangju oligosaccharide prebiotics according to the total mass of the auxiliary materials and the fermented product mixture, simultaneously inoculating 2.5 parts of lactobacillus, 5 parts of saccharomycetes and 3 parts of bacillus, and carrying out moisture preservation fermentation for 6d; wherein the colony number of lactobacillus is 10 3 cfu/mL, the colony number of the saccharomycetes is 10 4 cfu/mL of theThe colony number of bacillus is 10 3 cfu/mL。
(4) And (3) drying: and after the fermentation is completed, drying at 45 ℃ for 5 hours to prepare the Xiasangju animal nutrition preparation.
Comparative example 3 animal nutritional preparation comprising extract of Chamomile and Chrysanthemum morifolium
The comparison example is compared with the example 1, the difference is that 1. In the preparation of the Xiasangju oligosaccharide prebiotics, the enzymolysis is carried out in the step (2): firstly, carrying out enzymolysis for 20min at 40 ℃ by using amylase (500U/mL), then carrying out enzymolysis for 40min at 50 ℃ by using lipase (1000U/mL), and finally carrying out enzymolysis for 3h at 45 ℃ by using xylanase (500U/mL). The remaining steps are exactly the same as in example 1.
Comparative example 4 an animal nutritional preparation comprising extract of Chamomile and Chrysanthemum morifolium
This comparative example differs from example 1 in that 2. In the preparation of the animal nutrition formulation of the extract of the mulberry chrysanthemum in summer, step (2) seed fermentation: spraying proper amount of water to make the water content reach 40%, adding 5% of oligosaccharide prebiotics of less than 10kDa Xiasangju according to the total mass of the residues, inoculating 2.5 parts of lactobacillus, 5 parts of saccharomycetes and 3 parts of bacillus, and fermenting for 2d; wherein the colony number of lactobacillus is 10 3 cfu/mL, the colony number of the saccharomycetes is 10 4 cfu/mL, the colony number of the bacillus is 10 3 cfu/mL. (3) Aspergillus fermentation: uniformly mixing soybean meal, glucose and protein powder according to the proportion of 70%, 15% and 15%, adding the mixture into the fermentation product, uniformly mixing the fermented product with auxiliary materials according to the proportion of 3:1, adding 10% of less than 10kDa Xiasangju oligosaccharide prebiotics according to the total mass of the mixture of the auxiliary materials and the fermentation product, inoculating Aspergillus niger and Aspergillus oryzae, and carrying out moisture preservation fermentation for 6d; wherein the colony number of Aspergillus niger is 10 3 cfu/mL, colony count of Aspergillus oryzae is 10 3 cfu/mL. The remaining steps are exactly the same as in example 1.
Comparative example 5 animal nutritional preparation of extract of Chamomile
1. Preparation of grass mulberry chrysanthemum oligosaccharide prebiotics
(1) Dilution: the concentration of the polysaccharide in the ethanol sediment obtained by water extraction of the mulberry chrysanthemum after ethanol recovery is determined by a sulfuric acid-phenol method, and the polysaccharide concentration reaches 0.5-50mg/mL after the polysaccharide is properly diluted by water.
(2) Enzymolysis: the pectase (500U/mL) is used for enzymolysis for 20min at 50 ℃, the cellulase (1000U/mL) is used for enzymolysis for 40min at 45 ℃, and finally the saccharifying enzyme (500U/mL) is used for enzymolysis for 3h at 40 ℃. Heating at 80deg.C for 15min to deactivate enzyme. The step aims at degrading macromolecular water extraction and alcohol precipitation of the grass mulberry and chrysanthemum into micromolecular grass mulberry and chrysanthemum oligosaccharide prebiotics.
(3) Membrane separation: separating the solution with ultrafiltration membrane with molecular weight cut-off of 10kDa, removing macromolecular substances, and collecting effluent. This step aims to obtain a shasangju oligosaccharide prebiotic of less than 10 kDa.
2. Preparation of animal nutrition preparation of grass mulberry chrysanthemum extract
(1) Drying and crushing: taking radix Isatidis residue as raw material, oven drying, and pulverizing to obtain 3-5mm residue;
(2) And (3) aspergillus fermentation: spraying proper amount of water with water content of 40%, adding 5% of oligosaccharide prebiotics of less than 10kDa Xiasangju according to the total mass of the residues, inoculating Aspergillus niger and Aspergillus oryzae, and fermenting for 2d; wherein the colony number of Aspergillus niger is 10 3 cfu/mL, colony count of Aspergillus oryzae is 10 3 cfu/mL。
(3) Adding auxiliary materials: uniformly mixing soybean meal, glucose and protein powder according to the proportion of 70%, 15% and 15%, uniformly mixing the fermented product with auxiliary materials according to the proportion of 3:1, adding 10% of less than 10kDa Xiasangju oligosaccharide prebiotics according to the total mass of the auxiliary materials and the fermented product mixture, simultaneously inoculating 2.5 parts of lactobacillus, 5 parts of saccharomycetes and 3 parts of bacillus, and carrying out moisture preservation fermentation for 6d; wherein the colony number of lactobacillus is 10 3 cfu/mL, the colony number of the saccharomycetes is 10 4 cfu/mL, the colony number of the bacillus is 10 3 cfu/mL。
(4) And (3) drying: and after the fermentation is completed, drying at 45 ℃ for 5 hours to prepare the Xiasangju animal nutrition preparation.
Comparative example 6 an animal nutritional preparation
(1) Uniformly mixing soybean meal, glucose and protein powder according to the proportion of 70%, 15% and 15%, and simultaneously inoculating 2.5 parts of lactic acid bacteria, 5 parts of saccharomycetes and 3 parts of bacillus for moisturizing and fermenting for 6d; wherein the colony number of lactobacillus is10 3 cfu/mL, the colony number of the saccharomycetes is 10 4 cfu/mL, the colony number of the bacillus is 10 3 cfu/mL。
(2) And (3) drying: drying at 45deg.C for 5 hr after fermentation is completed to obtain animal nutrition preparation.
Experimental example 1 feeding effect detection
The nutritional formulations of the example 1 and the comparative examples 1 to 7 are fully mixed with conventional basic feed (conventional formula: 62% corn flour, 20% soybean meal, 15% rice bran, 1.2% calcium hydrophosphate, 0.8% shell powder, 0.35% salt and 0.65% premix (containing trace elements, vitamins, non-nutritional additives and the like) according to the proportion, wherein the addition proportion of the nutritional formulation is 20% of the total amount of the mixed feed. 2 gestational age parity sows were selected and randomly divided into example groups and comparative example groups of 10 heads each. The test period is 30d, blood of the sow is collected through the anterior vena cava on the 30 th day of the test, and the sow is centrifuged for 5min at 2000r/min, so that serum is separated and stored. The content determination and result calculation of the biochemical index and the immunological index in all serum samples are performed with reference to the instructions of the respective detection kit. The detection results are shown in the following table 1.
TABLE 1
Serum Triglyceride (TG) concentration is inversely related to animal hyperlipoproteinemia, diabetes, kidney disease, fatty liver, etc., and too high TG content in animal blood is not beneficial to animal health.
The total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) of serum is positively correlated with the antioxidant function of animals, and the productivity of animals is improved when the animals are in a better antioxidant state.
Higher serum IgM, igA and IgG 3 immunoglobulin levels can enhance disease resistance in animals.
The foregoing examples illustrate only a few embodiments of the invention and are described in detail herein without thereby limiting the scope of the invention. It should be noted that it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that several variations and modifications can be made without departing from the spirit of the invention, which are all within the scope of the invention. Accordingly, the scope of protection of the present invention is to be determined by the appended claims.
Claims (13)
1. A preparation method of a summer mulberry chrysanthemum extract animal nutrition preparation is characterized by comprising the following steps: the preparation method comprises the following steps:
(1) Drying and crushing: taking the residue of the mulberry leaf and chrysanthemum as a raw material, drying and crushing to prepare crushed residue;
(2) And (3) aspergillus fermentation: spraying proper amount of water to make the water content reach 35-45%, adding 0.5-10% of Xiasangju oligosaccharide prebiotics smaller than 10kDa according to the total mass of the residues, and inoculating Aspergillus niger and Aspergillus oryzae for fermentation for 1-3d;
(3) Adding auxiliary materials: uniformly mixing the auxiliary materials of soybean meal, glucose and protein powder according to the proportion of 60-80%, 10-20% and 10-20%, uniformly mixing the fermented product according to the proportion of 3:1, adding 2-20% of the grass mulberry and chrysanthemum oligosaccharide prebiotics of less than 10kDa according to the total mass of the auxiliary materials and the fermented product mixture, and inoculating lactobacillus, saccharomycetes and bacillus for moisturizing and fermenting for 3-10d;
(4) And (3) drying: drying at 30-60deg.C for 1-10 hr after fermentation is completed to obtain XIASANGJU animal nutrition preparation;
the preparation method of the Xiasangju oligosaccharide prebiotics comprises the following steps:
s1, diluting: diluting the water-extracted alcohol sediment of the grass mulberry chrysanthemum;
s2, enzymolysis: and (3) carrying out pectase enzymolysis, cellulase enzymolysis and saccharifying enzyme enzymolysis on the water-extracted alcohol sediment of the mulberry chrysanthemum diluted in the step (S1) and membrane separation to obtain the micromolecular mulberry chrysanthemum oligosaccharide prebiotics.
2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that: the water extraction and alcohol precipitation of the grass mulberry chrysanthemum in the step S1 is diluted by water, and the concentration of polysaccharide after dilution is 0.5-50mg/mL.
3. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that:
in the step S2, the enzymolysis process of pectase is that pectase is adopted for enzymolysis for 10-30min at the temperature of 35-65 ℃; the concentration of the pectase is 400-600U/mL;
the enzymolysis process of the cellulase adopts the cellulase to carry out enzymolysis for 30-60min at the temperature of 40-50 ℃; the concentration of the cellulase is 900-1100U/mL;
the enzymolysis process of the saccharifying enzyme is that the saccharifying enzyme is adopted to carry out enzymolysis for 2-5 hours at the temperature of 30-55 ℃; the concentration of the saccharifying enzyme is 400-600U/mL.
4. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that: and (2) separating the solution after enzymolysis by an ultrafiltration membrane with the molecular weight cutoff of 10kDa in the step (S2), removing macromolecular substances, and taking effluent liquid to obtain the Xiasangju oligosaccharide prebiotics with the molecular weight cutoff of less than 10 kDa.
5. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that: the fineness of the slag in the step (1) is 3-5mm.
6. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that: the colony number of the Aspergillus niger in the step (2) is 10 2 -10 4 cfu/mL; the colony number of the aspergillus oryzae is 10 2 -10 4 cfu/mL。
7. The method according to claim 6, wherein: the colony number of the aspergillus niger is 10 3 cfu/mL, the colony number of the aspergillus oryzae is 10 3 cfu/mL。
8. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that: the colony number of the lactic acid bacteria in the step (3) is10 2 -10 4 cfu/mL；
The colony number of the saccharomycetes is 10 2 -10 4 cfu/mL；
The colony number of the bacillus is 10 2 -10 4 cfu/mL。
9. The method according to claim 8, wherein: the colony number of the lactobacillus is 10 3 cfu/mL；
The colony number of the saccharomycetes is 10 4 cfu/mL；
The colony number of the bacillus is 10 3 cfu/mL。
10. An animal nutrition preparation of a summer mulberry chrysanthemum extract, which is characterized in that: the Xiasangju extract animal nutrition preparation is prepared by the method of any one of claims 1-9.
11. An animal nutrition formulation of the extract of sumac chrysanthemum as claimed in claim 10, wherein: the said animal nutrition preparation also includes additive.
12. Use of an animal nutrition formulation of a shasangju extract according to any one of claims 10-11 for the preparation of an animal feed.
13. An animal feed characterized by: the animal feed comprises the grass-mulberry-chrysanthemum extract animal nutrition formulation of any one of claims 10 to 11.
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