CN115133080A - Fuel cell control method and device - Google Patents
Fuel cell control method and device Download PDFInfo
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- CN115133080A CN115133080A CN202210805861.1A CN202210805861A CN115133080A CN 115133080 A CN115133080 A CN 115133080A CN 202210805861 A CN202210805861 A CN 202210805861A CN 115133080 A CN115133080 A CN 115133080A
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 43
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 37
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 165
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 165
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 135
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 42
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 42
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 7
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 8
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 6
- 231100000572 poisoning Toxicity 0.000 description 4
- 230000000607 poisoning effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000004880 explosion Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 3
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000002238 attenuated effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004590 computer program Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000001186 cumulative effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013500 data storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003487 electrochemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 description 1
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- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04694—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by variables to be controlled
- H01M8/04746—Pressure; Flow
- H01M8/04753—Pressure; Flow of fuel cell reactants
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04313—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by the detection or assessment of variables; characterised by the detection or assessment of failure or abnormal function
- H01M8/0438—Pressure; Ambient pressure; Flow
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
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Abstract
The invention relates to a fuel cell control method and a device, wherein the method comprises the following steps: under the condition that the electric pile is determined to be in the starting state, calculating the accumulated air amount entering the electric pile; when the air quantity is smaller than a first threshold value, the opening degree of the first outlet is set to be 100% so that all hydrogen discharged by the hydrogen discharge valve is converged into the tail gas pipeline through the first outlet; and when the air amount is greater than or equal to a first threshold value, detecting the pressure of the hydrogen at the outlet of the hydrogen exhaust valve and the pressure of the air in the air pipeline, and setting the opening degree of the first outlet according to the pressure difference of the pressure of the hydrogen and the pressure of the air so as to control the amount of the hydrogen entering the air pipeline through the second outlet. Therefore, when the air amount is larger than or equal to the first threshold value, the catalyst in the galvanic pile is oxidized, and at the moment, the hydrogen is controlled to enter the air pipeline through the second outlet, so that the hydrogen is introduced into the cathode side of the galvanic pile, the oxidized catalyst is reduced, the activity of the poisoned catalyst is recovered, and the performance attenuation of the galvanic pile is slowed down.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of fuel cells, in particular to a fuel cell control method and a fuel cell control device.
Background
The catalyst on the cathode side of the existing fuel cell is exposed to the air environment, so that the catalyst is gradually oxidized, the activity of the catalyst is reduced, and the performance of the electric pile is attenuated. Meanwhile, after substances such as CO in the air enter the cathode of the galvanic pile, the catalyst is poisoned and the activity is reduced, so that the performance attenuation speed of the galvanic pile is accelerated.
Disclosure of Invention
The present invention is directed to solving at least one of the problems of the prior art. To this end, a first aspect of the present invention provides a fuel cell control method, which is applied to a controller of a fuel cell control system, where the system includes the controller, a hydrogen discharge valve, and a three-way valve, where the three-way valve includes a first inlet, a first outlet, and a second outlet, the opening degrees of the first outlet and the second outlet are both adjustable, and the sum of the opening degrees of the first outlet and the second outlet is 100%; an outlet of the hydrogen discharge valve is connected with the first inlet, the first outlet is connected with a tail gas pipeline, the second outlet is connected with an air pipeline, and an outlet of the air pipeline is the cathode side of the galvanic pile, and the method comprises the following steps:
under the condition that the electric pile is determined to be in the starting state, calculating the accumulated air amount entering the electric pile;
when the air quantity is smaller than a first threshold value, the opening degree of the first outlet is set to be 100% so that all the hydrogen discharged by the hydrogen discharge valve can be converged into the tail gas pipeline through the first outlet;
when the air amount is greater than or equal to the first threshold value, detecting the hydrogen pressure at the outlet of the hydrogen exhaust valve and the air pressure in the air pipeline, and setting the opening of the first outlet according to the pressure difference of the hydrogen pressure and the air pressure so as to control the amount of the hydrogen entering the air pipeline through the second outlet.
Optionally, the setting of the opening degree of the first outlet according to the difference between the hydrogen pressure and the air pressure includes:
setting the opening degree of the first outlet to 100% when the difference between the hydrogen pressure and the air pressure is less than a second threshold value;
setting the opening degree of the first outlet to 0% when the pressure difference is greater than or equal to the second threshold and less than a third threshold;
setting the opening degree of the first outlet to m% when the pressure difference is greater than or equal to the third threshold and less than a fourth threshold;
setting the opening degree of the first outlet to n% when the pressure difference is greater than or equal to the fourth threshold value;
wherein the third threshold is greater than the second threshold, the fourth threshold is greater than the third threshold, and m < n.
Alternatively, when the pressure difference is greater than or equal to the third threshold value and less than a fourth threshold value and when the pressure difference is greater than or equal to the fourth threshold value, the opening degree of the first outlet is determined by:
acquiring the pressure difference between the aperture of the second outlet and the outlet of the hydrogen exhaust valve;
determining the amount of hydrogen passing through the second outlet per unit time according to the aperture and the pressure difference;
determining the hydrogen quantity required by reducing the catalyst in the galvanic pile in the unit time to obtain the target hydrogen quantity;
determining the opening degree of the second outlet according to the ratio of the target hydrogen amount to the hydrogen amount passing through the unit volume;
and determining the opening degree of the first outlet according to the opening degree of the second outlet to obtain the value of m or n.
Optionally, when the aperture of the second outlet is 8 mm, m is 10, and n is 20.
Optionally, a value range of the second threshold is 5kPa ± 2kPa, a value range of the third threshold is 10kPa ± 2kPa, and a value range of the fourth threshold is 20kPa ± 2 kPa.
Optionally, the air in the air pipeline is cooled by an intercooler.
The invention provides a fuel cell control device, which is applied to a controller of a fuel cell control system, wherein the system comprises the controller, a hydrogen discharge valve and a three-way valve, the three-way valve comprises a first inlet, a first outlet and a second outlet, the opening degrees of the first outlet and the second outlet can be adjusted, and the sum of the opening degrees of the first outlet and the second outlet is 100%; the export of hydrogen discharge valve with first entry linkage, first export is connected with the tail gas pipeline, the second export is connected with air conduit, air conduit's export is the cathode side of galvanic pile, the device includes:
the air quantity calculating module is used for calculating the quantity of air which is accumulated to enter the electric pile under the condition that the electric pile is determined to be in the starting state;
the first opening setting module is used for setting the opening of the first outlet to be 100% when the air quantity is smaller than a first threshold value, so that all hydrogen discharged by the hydrogen discharge valve is converged into the tail gas pipeline through the first outlet;
and the second opening setting module is used for detecting the pressure of hydrogen at the outlet of the hydrogen exhaust valve and the pressure of air in the air pipeline when the air quantity is larger than or equal to the first threshold value, and setting the opening of the first outlet according to the pressure difference of the pressure of the hydrogen and the pressure of the air so as to control the quantity of the hydrogen entering the air pipeline through the second outlet.
Optionally, the second opening setting module is specifically configured to:
setting the opening degree of the first outlet to 100% when the difference between the hydrogen pressure and the air pressure is less than a second threshold value;
setting the opening degree of the first outlet to 0% when the pressure difference is greater than or equal to the second threshold and less than a third threshold;
setting the opening degree of the first outlet to m% when the pressure difference is greater than or equal to the third threshold and less than a fourth threshold;
setting the opening degree of the first outlet to be n% when the pressure difference is greater than or equal to the fourth threshold value;
wherein the third threshold is greater than the second threshold, the fourth threshold is greater than the third threshold, and m < n.
Optionally, the apparatus further comprises:
the acquisition module is used for acquiring the pressure difference between the aperture of the second outlet and the outlet of the hydrogen exhaust valve;
the first hydrogen quantity determining module is used for determining the quantity of hydrogen passing through the second outlet per unit time according to the aperture and the pressure difference;
the second hydrogen amount determining module is used for determining the amount of hydrogen required by reducing the catalyst in the galvanic pile in unit time to obtain a target hydrogen amount;
the second outlet opening determining module is used for determining the opening of the second outlet according to the ratio of the target hydrogen amount to the hydrogen amount passing through the unit volume;
and the first outlet opening degree determining module is used for determining the opening degree of the first outlet according to the opening degree of the second outlet to obtain a value of m or n.
A third aspect of embodiments of the present invention provides an electronic device, which includes a processor and a memory, where at least one instruction, at least one program, a set of codes, or a set of instructions is stored in the memory, and the at least one instruction, the at least one program, the set of codes, or the set of instructions is loaded and executed by the processor to implement the fuel cell control method according to the first aspect.
A fourth aspect of embodiments of the present invention provides a computer-readable storage medium having stored therein at least one instruction, at least one program, a set of codes, or a set of instructions, which is loaded and executed by a processor to implement the fuel cell control method according to the first aspect.
The embodiment of the invention has the following beneficial effects:
in the embodiment of the invention, under the condition that the electric pile is determined to be in the starting state, the air quantity which is accumulated to enter the electric pile is calculated; when the air quantity is smaller than a first threshold value, the opening degree of the first outlet is set to be 100%, so that all hydrogen discharged by the hydrogen discharge valve is converged into the tail gas pipeline through the first outlet; when the air amount is greater than or equal to the first threshold value, detecting the hydrogen pressure at the outlet of the hydrogen discharge valve and the air pressure in the air pipeline, and setting the opening degree of the first outlet according to the pressure difference of the hydrogen pressure and the air pressure so as to control the amount of the hydrogen entering the air pipeline through the second outlet. Therefore, when the air amount is larger than or equal to the first threshold value, the catalyst in the galvanic pile is oxidized, and at the moment, the hydrogen is controlled to enter the air pipeline through the second outlet, so that the hydrogen is introduced into the cathode side of the galvanic pile, the oxidized catalyst is reduced, the activity of the poisoned catalyst is recovered, and the performance attenuation of the galvanic pile is slowed down.
Additional aspects and advantages of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows and, in part, will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, the drawings used in the embodiment or the description of the prior art will be briefly described below. It is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the invention, and that for a person skilled in the art it is also possible to derive other drawings from these drawings without inventive effort.
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a fuel cell control system according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a flowchart illustrating steps of a fuel cell control method according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a logic flow diagram of a fuel cell control method according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a graph of system performance decay versus the present and conventional schemes;
fig. 5 is a block diagram of a fuel cell control apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be obtained by a person skilled in the art without any inventive step based on the embodiments of the present invention, are within the scope of the present invention.
The present specification provides method steps as described in the examples or flowcharts, but more or fewer steps may be included based on routine or non-invasive labor. In practice, the system or server product may be implemented in a sequential or parallel manner (e.g., parallel processor or multi-threaded environment) according to the embodiments or methods shown in the figures.
The fuel cell control method in the embodiment of the invention is applied to a controller of a fuel cell control system, the system comprises the controller, a hydrogen discharge valve and a three-way valve, the three-way valve comprises a first inlet, a first outlet and a second outlet, the outlet of the hydrogen discharge valve is connected with the first inlet, the first outlet is connected with a tail gas pipeline, the second outlet is connected with an air pipeline, and the outlet of the air pipeline is the cathode side of a galvanic pile.
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a fuel cell control system according to an embodiment of the present invention.
As shown in fig. 1, the embodiment of the present invention adds a three-way valve to the fuel cell control system. The opening of the three-way valve is controlled by a controller.
In fig. 1, a denotes a first inlet of the three-way valve, B denotes a first outlet of the three-way valve, and C denotes a second outlet of the three-way valve. The outlet of the hydrogen discharge valve is connected with the first inlet.
The three-way valve is mainly used for changing the flow direction of a medium, and the working process of the three-way valve is as follows: opening the valve, allowing the medium to enter the valve from the A and flow out of the valve through the B; when the pipeline needs medium to flow, the actuating mechanism is started, the valve core is reversed, the medium A enters the valve core C and exits the valve core, and when the pipeline does not need medium to flow, the actuating mechanism is started, and the valve is closed to cut off the medium. The three-way valve is internally provided with a valve rod, the opening degrees of the first outlet and the second outlet are controlled by the valve rod, and the sum of the opening degrees of the first outlet and the second outlet is 100%. That is, under the control of the valve rod, when the opening degree of the first outlet is m%, the opening degree of the second outlet is n%, and m + n is 100.
It is to be understood that the opening degrees of the first outlet and the second outlet may also be adjusted by using other devices besides the valve rod, and the embodiment of the present invention is not particularly limited thereto.
The first outlet of the three-way valve is connected with the tail gas pipeline, the second outlet of the three-way valve is connected with the air pipeline, and the outlet of the air pipeline is the cathode side of the galvanic pile.
The scheme can lead the hydrogen discharged by the hydrogen discharge valve into the cathode side of the galvanic pile through the three-way valve at a proper time, thereby reducing the oxidized catalyst and the poisoned catalyst by using the hydrogen, recovering partial performance of the galvanic pile in the running process and slowing down the performance attenuation of the galvanic pile.
Fig. 2 is a flowchart illustrating steps of a fuel cell control method according to an embodiment of the present invention.
And step 101, calculating the accumulated air amount entering the electric pile under the condition that the electric pile is determined to be in the starting state.
A fuel cell is a device that converts chemical energy into electrical energy by means of an electrochemical reaction within the cell. Specifically, the fuel cell can continuously generate electricity by supplying an anode reactant such as hydrogen to the anode of the fuel cell and a cathode reactant such as oxygen to the cathode.
However, the catalyst on the cathode side of the fuel cell is exposed to the air environment, which causes the catalyst to be gradually oxidized, and the activity of the catalyst to be reduced, resulting in the performance degradation of the stack. Meanwhile, after substances such as CO in the air enter the cathode of the galvanic pile, the catalyst is poisoned and the activity is reduced, so that the performance attenuation speed of the galvanic pile is accelerated.
In order to solve the problems of catalyst oxidation and catalyst poisoning, the scheme starts to continuously detect the amount of air entering the stack after determining that the start-up of the stack is completed.
The amount of air entering the stack may be calculated by multiplying the cumulative open time of the air duct, the density of air in the air duct, and the volume of the air duct.
And 102, when the air amount is smaller than a first threshold value, setting the opening degree of the first outlet to be 100% so that all the hydrogen discharged by the hydrogen discharge valve is converged into the tail gas pipeline through the first outlet.
Since the catalyst on the cathode side of the stack is gradually oxidized with the time of exposure to the oxygen environment, the first threshold Q1 can be determined experimentally, specifically, the first threshold can be 300-. When the accumulated air quantity entering the galvanic pile does not reach the first threshold value, the catalyst is not oxidized or oxidized seriously, the poisoning phenomenon of the catalyst is not serious, and the interference treatment is not needed.
The opening degree of the first outlet is set to be 100%, so that the opening degree of the second outlet is 0%, hydrogen discharged by the hydrogen discharge valve is completely converged into the tail gas pipeline through the first outlet of the three-way valve, and no hydrogen enters the air pipeline from the second outlet because the opening degree of the second outlet is 0%. The method of discharging all hydrogen into the tail gas pipeline is adopted, and no interference is temporarily carried out on the chemical reaction of the galvanic pile.
And 103, when the air amount is greater than or equal to the first threshold value, detecting the hydrogen pressure at the outlet of the hydrogen exhaust valve and the air pressure in the air pipeline, and setting the opening of the first outlet according to the pressure difference of the hydrogen pressure and the air pressure so as to control the amount of the hydrogen entering the air pipeline through the second outlet.
In the embodiment of the invention, after the accumulated air amount entering the stack reaches the first threshold value, the oxidation degree of the catalyst is increased, the catalyst poisoning phenomenon is also increased, and the performance of the stack begins to be attenuated, and at this time, the catalyst needs to be reduced by using an interference measure.
The oxidized part of the catalyst can be reduced by using hydrogen gas in a manner of introducing the hydrogen gas discharged from the hydrogen discharge valve into the stack, and the catalyst which has generated a poisoning phenomenon can be reduced by using the hydrogen gas. But simultaneously because the air conduit passes through the three-way valve and is connected with the hydrogen pipeline, when the gas pressure in the air conduit is greater than the gas pressure in the hydrogen pipeline, can take place the phenomenon that the air got into the hydrogen pipeline, and the air gets into the hydrogen pipeline will cause the hydrogen explosion.
Therefore, in order to prevent air from entering the hydrogen pipeline, the pressure of the hydrogen at the outlet of the hydrogen discharge valve and the pressure of the air in the air pipeline need to be detected, and the opening degree of the first outlet is set according to the pressure difference between the pressure of the hydrogen and the pressure of the air, so that the hydrogen can safely enter the air pipeline on the premise that the air cannot enter the hydrogen pipeline, and then the hydrogen can safely reduce the oxidized part and the poisoned part of the catalyst.
Meanwhile, when the hydrogen pressure is much higher than the air pressure, the hydrogen density of the hydrogen pipeline is higher, and enough hydrogen can enter the galvanic pile only by opening the opening part of the second outlet opening part. In addition, if all the hydrogen gas is introduced into the stack, the gas concentration becomes too high, and an explosion reaction occurs.
Therefore, the opening degrees of the first outlet and the second outlet are set within a suitable range according to the pressure difference, so that the hydrogen gas can safely reduce the catalyst.
In summary, in the embodiment of the present invention, under the condition that it is determined that the stack is in the start-up state, the amount of air which is accumulated into the stack is calculated; when the air quantity is smaller than a first threshold value, the opening degree of the first outlet is set to be 100% so that all the hydrogen discharged by the hydrogen discharge valve can be converged into the tail gas pipeline through the first outlet; when the air amount is greater than or equal to the first threshold value, detecting the hydrogen pressure at the outlet of the hydrogen discharge valve and the air pressure in the air pipeline, and setting the opening degree of the first outlet according to the pressure difference of the hydrogen pressure and the air pressure so as to control the amount of the hydrogen entering the air pipeline through the second outlet. Therefore, when the air amount is larger than or equal to the first threshold value, the catalyst in the galvanic pile is oxidized, and at the moment, the hydrogen is controlled to enter the air pipeline through the second outlet, so that the hydrogen is introduced into the cathode side of the galvanic pile, the oxidized catalyst is reduced, the activity of the poisoned catalyst is recovered, and the performance attenuation of the galvanic pile is slowed down.
In a possible embodiment, the setting of the opening degree of the first outlet according to the pressure difference between the hydrogen gas pressure and the air pressure comprises the following steps 201 to 204:
step 201, when the pressure difference between the hydrogen pressure and the air pressure is smaller than a second threshold value, setting the opening degree of the first outlet to be 100%;
in the present embodiment, the pressure difference is hydrogen pressure — air pressure. When the pressure difference is less than the second threshold, the hydrogen pressure is higher than the air pressure to a limited extent, and the air in the air line has a possibility of entering the hydrogen line. At this time, in order to prevent air from entering the hydrogen pipe, the opening degree of the first outlet is set to 100% so that all hydrogen of the hydrogen pipe is discharged from the waste pipe. At this time, the opening degree of the second outlet is 0%, and no air will enter the hydrogen pipe from the second outlet.
Step 202, when the pressure difference is greater than or equal to the second threshold and smaller than a third threshold, setting the opening degree of the first outlet to be 0%;
when the pressure difference is greater than or equal to the second threshold and less than the third threshold, the hydrogen pressure is higher than the air pressure, and at this time, the phenomenon that air enters the hydrogen pipeline does not occur, so that the opening degree of the first outlet can be set to 0%, and the opening degree of the second outlet is 100%. The hydrogen of the hydrogen pipeline can completely enter the air pipeline from the second outlet to the cathode side of the electric pile, so that the catalyst in the electric pile can be safely reduced.
And 203, when the pressure difference is greater than or equal to the third threshold and smaller than a fourth threshold, setting the opening degree of the first outlet to be m%.
When the pressure difference is greater than or equal to the third threshold and less than the fourth threshold, the hydrogen pressure is much greater than the air pressure, the hydrogen density of the hydrogen pipeline is higher, and sufficient hydrogen can enter the electric pile only by the opening degree of the opening part of the second outlet. In addition, if all the hydrogen gas is introduced into the stack, the gas concentration becomes too high, and an explosion reaction occurs.
Therefore, the opening degree of the first outlet is set to m%, and the opening degree of the second outlet is set to (100-m)%, so that the hydrogen gas can safely and effectively reduce the catalyst.
Step 204, when the pressure difference is greater than or equal to the fourth threshold, setting the opening degree of the first outlet to be n%; wherein the third threshold is greater than the second threshold, the fourth threshold is greater than the third threshold, and m < n.
When the pressure difference is greater than or equal to the fourth threshold, indicating a higher hydrogen pressure than in step 203, the opening of the first outlet may be further increased to decrease the opening of the second outlet, making the rate of hydrogen entering the air conduit slower.
At this time, the opening degree of the first outlet is set to n%, the opening degree of the second outlet is set to (100-n)%, and m is less than n, so that the hydrogen can safely and effectively reduce the catalyst.
In steps 201-204, the opening degree of the first outlet and the opening degree of the second outlet are set according to the pressure difference between the hydrogen pressure and the air pressure, and the quantity of the hydrogen entering the air pipeline through the second outlet can be controlled, so that the entering quantity of the hydrogen is controlled within a reasonable range, and the catalyst is safely and effectively reduced.
In one possible embodiment, when the pressure difference is greater than or equal to the third threshold value and less than a fourth threshold value and when the pressure difference is greater than or equal to the fourth threshold value, the opening degree of the first outlet is determined by:
step 304, determining the opening degree of the second outlet according to the ratio of the target hydrogen amount to the hydrogen amount passing through the unit volume;
and 305, determining the opening degree of the first outlet according to the opening degree of the second outlet to obtain a value of m or n. In an embodiment of the invention, the amount of air entering the air duct is related to the aperture of the second outlet in addition to the opening of the second outlet.
In steps 301 to 305, the aperture of the second outlet may be measured in advance, and the pressure difference at the outlet of the hydrogen exhaust valve may be detected. Because the three-way valve is sealed, the pressure difference at the outlet of the hydrogen exhaust valve is the hydrogen pressure in the second outlet, and the hydrogen amount passing through the second outlet in unit time is obtained according to the hydrogen pressure in the second outlet and the outer diameter of the second outlet.
In addition, the amount of the oxidized catalyst in the galvanic pile is calculated, and the amount of hydrogen required for reducing the oxidized catalyst in unit time is determined to obtain the target amount of hydrogen.
Then, the opening degree of the second outlet is determined based on the ratio between the target hydrogen amount and the amount of hydrogen passing per unit time. For example, if the target hydrogen amount is 80 and the amount of hydrogen passing through per unit time is 100, the opening degree of the second outlet is 80/100-80%.
Then, the opening degree of the first outlet is determined according to the opening degree of the second outlet, which is 100 percent. For example, the opening degree of the first outlet is 100% -80% ═ 20% in the above example.
Specifically, if the pressure difference at the outlet of the hydrogen discharge valve is greater than or equal to the third threshold value and less than the fourth threshold value, the value calculated in step 305 is a value of m; if the pressure difference at the outlet of the hydrogen discharge valve is greater than or equal to the fourth threshold value, the value calculated in step 305 is the value of n.
In one possible embodiment, when the aperture of the second outlet is 8 mm, m is 10 and n is 20.
In the embodiment of the present invention, when the aperture of the second outlet is 8 mm, the opening degree of the aperture of the second outlet is measured by combining the pressure difference, and the following results are obtained:
setting the opening degree of the first outlet to be 10% when the pressure difference is greater than or equal to a third threshold value and less than a fourth threshold value in the case where the aperture of the second outlet is 8 mm; when the pressure difference is greater than or equal to the fourth threshold value, the opening degree of the first outlet is set to 20%.
In one possible embodiment, the second threshold value is 5kPa ± 2kPa, the third threshold value is 10kPa ± 2kPa, and the fourth threshold value is 20kPa ± 2 kPa.
In the embodiment of the present invention, the second threshold, the third threshold, and the fourth threshold may be set according to the actual situation of the stack. In the scheme, the value ranges of the second threshold, the third threshold and the fourth threshold can be 5kPa ± 2kPa, 10kPa ± 2kPa and 20kPa ± 2kPa, respectively.
The second threshold, the third threshold, and the fourth threshold are specifically values in the corresponding value ranges, and may be further selected according to actual situations.
For example, the second threshold, the third threshold, and the fourth threshold may take intermediate values respectively, to obtain:
when the pressure difference between the hydrogen pressure and the air pressure is less than 5kpa, setting the opening degree of the first outlet to be 100%;
setting the opening degree of the first outlet to be 0% when the pressure difference is greater than or equal to 5kpa and less than 10 kpa;
setting the opening degree of the first outlet to be 10% when the pressure difference is greater than or equal to 10kpa and less than 20 kpa;
when the pressure difference is greater than or equal to 20kpa, the opening degree of the first outlet is set to 20%.
In one possible embodiment, the air in the air duct is air cooled by an intercooler.
In the embodiment of the invention, before entering the galvanic pile, air is pressurized by the air compressor, the temperature is increased after pressurization, the air inlet temperature is reduced by using water in the intercooler, and the air after the intercooling and the cooling is introduced into the air pipeline and then enters the galvanic pile through the air pipeline.
Therefore, hydrogen enters the air pipeline from the second outlet, and the air pipeline is filled with air after intercooling and cooling.
Fig. 3 is a logic flow diagram of a fuel cell control method according to an embodiment of the present invention.
As shown in fig. 3, after the stack is started, the FCCU (controller) starts calculating the accumulated air amount entering the stack, and determines whether the accumulated air amount reaches Q1. If the cumulative air amount does not reach Q1, the opening degree of the first outlet of the three-way valve is set to 100%, and all the hydrogen gas discharged from the hydrogen discharge valve is merged into the tail gas.
If the accumulated air amount reaches Q1, the opening α of the three-way valve is determined to control the amount of hydrogen gas entering the air pipe so that the hydrogen gas reduces the catalyst in the stack.
Fig. 4 is a graph comparing system performance degradation for the present scheme and the conventional scheme.
As shown in fig. 4, the system performance degradation of the present solution and the conventional solution are compared under the same operating conditions. After a 1200 hour test cycle, the average stack voltage at 1.0A/cm2, which represents the decay in system performance, was recorded every 100 hours, with the higher the average voltage, the less the system decayed.
As can be seen from fig. 4, the performance decay of the system using the present method to introduce hydrogen into the cathode is significantly less than that of the system under normal operating conditions, with a 1200 hour duty cycle.
Fig. 5 is a block diagram of a fuel cell control apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention. The device is applied to a controller of a fuel cell control system, and the device 300 comprises:
an air amount calculation module 301, configured to calculate an amount of air that is accumulated into the stack when it is determined that the stack is in a start-up state;
a first opening setting module 302, configured to set an opening of the first outlet to 100% when the air amount is smaller than a first threshold, so that all hydrogen discharged by the hydrogen discharge valve flows into the tail gas pipeline through the first outlet;
a second opening setting module 303, configured to detect a hydrogen pressure at an outlet of the hydrogen discharge valve and an air pressure in the air pipe when the air amount is greater than or equal to the first threshold, and set an opening of the first outlet according to a pressure difference between the hydrogen pressure and the air pressure to control an amount of the hydrogen gas entering the air pipe through the second outlet.
It is clear to those skilled in the art that, for convenience and brevity of description, the specific working processes of the above-described systems, apparatuses and units may refer to the corresponding processes in the foregoing method embodiments, and are not described herein again.
In yet another embodiment provided by the present invention, there is also provided an apparatus comprising a processor and a memory, the memory having stored therein at least one instruction, at least one program, set of codes, or set of instructions, which is loaded and executed by the processor to implement the fuel cell control method described in an embodiment of the invention.
In yet another embodiment provided by the present invention, there is also provided a computer readable storage medium having stored therein at least one instruction, at least one program, set of codes, or set of instructions that is loaded and executed by a processor to implement the fuel cell control method described in an embodiment of the present invention.
In the above embodiments, all or part of the implementation may be realized by software, hardware, firmware, or any combination thereof. When implemented in software, may be implemented in whole or in part in the form of a computer program product. The computer program product includes one or more computer instructions. When loaded and executed on a computer, cause the processes or functions described in accordance with the embodiments of the invention to occur, in whole or in part. The computer may be a general purpose computer, a special purpose computer, a network of computers, or other programmable device. The computer instructions may be stored in a computer readable storage medium or transmitted from one computer readable storage medium to another computer readable storage medium, for example, the computer instructions may be transmitted from one website, computer, server, or data center to another website, computer, server, or data center via wired (e.g., coaxial cable, fiber optic, Digital Subscriber Line (DSL)) or wireless (e.g., infrared, wireless, microwave, etc.) means. The computer-readable storage medium can be any available medium that can be accessed by a computer or a data storage device, such as a server, a data center, etc., that incorporates one or more of the available media. The usable medium may be a magnetic medium (e.g., floppy Disk, hard Disk, magnetic tape), an optical medium (e.g., DVD), or a semiconductor medium (e.g., Solid State Disk (SSD)), among others.
It is noted that, herein, relational terms such as first and second, and the like may be used solely to distinguish one entity or action from another entity or action without necessarily requiring or implying any actual such relationship or order between such entities or actions. Also, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitation, an element defined by the phrase "comprising an … …" does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises the element.
All the embodiments in the present specification are described in a related manner, and the same and similar parts among the embodiments may be referred to each other, and each embodiment focuses on the differences from the other embodiments. In particular, for the system embodiment, since it is substantially similar to the method embodiment, the description is simple, and for the relevant points, reference may be made to the partial description of the method embodiment.
The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A fuel cell control method, which is applied to a controller of a fuel cell control system, wherein the system comprises the controller, a hydrogen discharge valve and a three-way valve, the three-way valve comprises a first inlet, a first outlet and a second outlet, the opening degree of the first outlet and the opening degree of the second outlet are both adjustable, and the sum of the opening degrees of the first outlet and the second outlet is 100%; an outlet of the hydrogen discharge valve is connected with the first inlet, the first outlet is connected with a tail gas pipeline, the second outlet is connected with an air pipeline, and an outlet of the air pipeline is the cathode side of the galvanic pile, and the method comprises the following steps:
calculating the amount of air accumulated into the stack under the condition that the stack is determined to be in the starting state;
when the air quantity is smaller than a first threshold value, the opening degree of the first outlet is set to be 100%, so that all hydrogen discharged by the hydrogen discharge valve is converged into the tail gas pipeline through the first outlet;
when the air amount is greater than or equal to the first threshold value, detecting the hydrogen pressure at the outlet of the hydrogen discharge valve and the air pressure in the air pipeline, and setting the opening degree of the first outlet according to the pressure difference of the hydrogen pressure and the air pressure so as to control the amount of the hydrogen entering the air pipeline through the second outlet.
2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the setting of the opening degree of the first outlet according to the difference between the hydrogen gas pressure and the air pressure comprises:
setting the opening degree of the first outlet to 100% when the difference between the hydrogen pressure and the air pressure is less than a second threshold value;
setting the opening degree of the first outlet to 0% when the pressure difference is greater than or equal to the second threshold and less than a third threshold;
setting the opening degree of the first outlet to m% when the pressure difference is greater than or equal to the third threshold and less than a fourth threshold;
setting the opening degree of the first outlet to n% when the pressure difference is greater than or equal to the fourth threshold value;
wherein the third threshold is greater than the second threshold, the fourth threshold is greater than the third threshold, and m < n.
3. The method according to claim 2, wherein when the pressure difference is greater than or equal to the third threshold value and less than a fourth threshold value and when the pressure difference is greater than or equal to the fourth threshold value, the opening degree of the first outlet is determined by:
acquiring the pressure difference between the aperture of the second outlet and the outlet of the hydrogen exhaust valve;
determining the amount of hydrogen passing through the second outlet per unit time according to the aperture and the pressure difference;
determining the hydrogen quantity required for reducing the catalyst in the galvanic pile in unit time to obtain a target hydrogen quantity;
determining the opening degree of the second outlet according to the ratio of the target hydrogen amount to the hydrogen amount passing through the unit volume;
and determining the opening degree of the first outlet according to the opening degree of the second outlet to obtain the value of m or n.
4. The method of claim 3, wherein when the second outlet has an aperture of 8 mm, m is 10 and n is 20.
5. The method according to claim 2, wherein the second threshold value is 5kPa ± 2kPa, the third threshold value is 10kPa ± 2kPa, and the fourth threshold value is 20kPa ± 2 kPa.
6. The method of claim 1, wherein the air in the air duct is intercooler cooled air.
7. A fuel cell control device is characterized in that the device is applied to a controller of a fuel cell control system, the system comprises the controller, a hydrogen exhaust valve and a three-way valve, the three-way valve comprises a first inlet, a first outlet and a second outlet, the opening degree of the first outlet and the opening degree of the second outlet are both adjustable, and the sum of the opening degrees of the first outlet and the second outlet is 100%; the outlet of the hydrogen discharge valve is connected with the first inlet, the first outlet is connected with a tail gas pipeline, the second outlet is connected with an air pipeline, the outlet of the air pipeline is the cathode side of the galvanic pile, and the device comprises:
the air quantity calculating module is used for calculating the quantity of air which is accumulated to enter the electric pile under the condition that the electric pile is determined to be in the starting state;
the first opening setting module is used for setting the opening of the first outlet to be 100% when the air quantity is smaller than a first threshold value, so that all hydrogen discharged by the hydrogen discharge valve is converged into the tail gas pipeline through the first outlet;
and the second opening setting module is used for detecting the pressure of hydrogen at the outlet of the hydrogen exhaust valve and the pressure of air in the air pipeline when the air quantity is larger than or equal to the first threshold value, and setting the opening of the first outlet according to the pressure difference of the pressure of the hydrogen and the pressure of the air so as to control the quantity of the hydrogen entering the air pipeline through the second outlet.
8. The apparatus of claim 7, wherein the second opening setting module is specifically configured to:
setting the opening degree of the first outlet to 100% when the difference between the hydrogen pressure and the air pressure is less than a second threshold value;
setting the opening degree of the first outlet to 0% when the pressure difference is greater than or equal to the second threshold and less than a third threshold;
setting the opening degree of the first outlet to m% when the pressure difference is greater than or equal to the third threshold and less than a fourth threshold;
setting the opening degree of the first outlet to n% when the pressure difference is greater than or equal to the fourth threshold value;
wherein the third threshold is greater than the second threshold, the fourth threshold is greater than the third threshold, and m < n.
9. An electronic device comprising a processor and a memory, the memory having stored therein at least one instruction, at least one program, a set of codes, or a set of instructions, the at least one instruction, the at least one program, the set of codes, or the set of instructions being loaded and executed by the processor to implement the fuel cell control method according to any one of claims 1-6.
10. A computer readable storage medium having stored therein at least one instruction, at least one program, a set of codes, or a set of instructions, which is loaded and executed by a processor to implement the fuel cell control method according to any one of claims 1 to 6.
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