CN115125411A - Particle-reinforced metal-based composite material and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Particle-reinforced metal-based composite material and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN115125411A CN115125411A CN202210712271.4A CN202210712271A CN115125411A CN 115125411 A CN115125411 A CN 115125411A CN 202210712271 A CN202210712271 A CN 202210712271A CN 115125411 A CN115125411 A CN 115125411A
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- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 24
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 24
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 24
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 title abstract description 7
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 60
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 60
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 49
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- 238000004781 supercooling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 36
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/10—Alloys containing non-metals
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C32/00—Non-ferrous alloys containing at least 5% by weight but less than 50% by weight of oxides, carbides, borides, nitrides, silicides or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides, whether added as such or formed in situ
- C22C32/0047—Non-ferrous alloys containing at least 5% by weight but less than 50% by weight of oxides, carbides, borides, nitrides, silicides or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides, whether added as such or formed in situ with carbides, nitrides, borides or silicides as the main non-metallic constituents
Abstract
The invention provides a particle-reinforced metal-based composite material and a preparation method thereof, belonging to the technical field of metal materials. The preparation method provided by the invention comprises the following steps: mixing raw materials of a metal matrix, smelting, adding raw materials of a reinforcement body, and carrying out in-situ reaction to obtain an alloy melt; the reinforcement comprises TiB 2 And TiC; performing supercooling treatment on the alloy melt and then forming to obtain a particle reinforced metal matrix composite material; the cooling rate of the supercooling treatment is 200-400 ℃/s. The preparation method provided by the invention can refine the size of the primary hard phase, inhibit cracks from being initiated and expanded in the primary phase, and the prepared particle reinforced metal matrix composite material has higher strength and hardness.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of metal materials, in particular to a particle reinforced metal matrix composite material and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The particle reinforced metal matrix composite material enhances the performance of an alloy matrix by separating out a primary hard phase, and has a series of excellent performances of high hardness, high wear resistance, high strength, high toughness, heat resistance, corrosion resistance and the like. However, the primary hard phase has high sensibility to the nucleation substrate and the cooling rate when the primary hard phase nucleates and grows, the size of the primary hard phase is easily influenced by a complex temperature field, a concentration field and a flow field in the solidification and filling processes of an alloy melt, and the primary hard phase of the hypereutectic alloy has more defects inside, is a source of microcrack germination and is a main factor causing the primary hard phase alloy to have high brittleness and low toughness.
At present, most of the methods of inoculating and modifying refined grains are adopted to refine the size of the primary hard phase so as to achieve the purpose of improving the toughness, but the method is difficult to refine the size of the primary hard phase and inhibit cracks from growing and expanding in the primary hard phase so as to realize the synergistic optimization of the toughness of the particle reinforced metal matrix composite material under the combined action of the primary hard phase and the cracks.
Therefore, it is desirable to provide a method for preparing a particle-reinforced metal matrix composite, which can overcome the problems of large brittleness and low toughness of the primary hard phase alloy, so that the primary hard phase alloy has high strength and hardness.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a particle reinforced metal matrix composite material and a preparation method thereof.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:
the invention provides a particle reinforced metal matrix composite material and a preparation method thereof, and the preparation method comprises the following steps:
(1) mixing raw materials of a metal matrix, smelting, and then adding raw materials of the reinforcement to perform in-situ reaction to obtain an alloy melt; the reinforcement comprises TiB 2 And TiC;
(2) performing supercooling treatment on the alloy melt obtained in the step (1) and then forming to obtain a particle reinforced metal matrix composite material; the cooling rate of the supercooling treatment is 200-400 ℃/s.
Preferably, the temperature of the alloy melt in the step (2) is 20-30 ℃ above the liquidus temperature of the alloy melt.
Preferably, the termination temperature of the supercooling treatment in the step (2) is 20-40 ℃ above the solidus temperature of the alloy melt.
Preferably, the forming in step (2) includes die casting or squeeze casting.
Preferably, the mass fraction of the reinforcement in the step (1) is 6-10% of the total mass of the particle reinforced metal matrix composite material.
Preferably, the particle size of the reinforcement in the step (1) is 60-600 nm.
Preferably, the metal matrix in step (1) comprises a hypereutectic high chromium cast iron alloy, hypereutectic aluminium silicon or hypereutectic Mg-Cu alloy.
Preferably, the in-situ reaction in step (1) is carried out with mechanical stirring.
Preferably, the speed of the mechanical stirring is 350-550 r/min, and the time of the mechanical stirring is 50-60 min.
The invention also provides the particle reinforced metal matrix composite material prepared by the preparation method of the technical scheme.
The invention provides a preparation method of a particle reinforced metal matrix composite, which comprises the following steps: mixing raw materials of a metal matrix, smelting, and then adding raw materials of the reinforcement to perform in-situ reaction to obtain an alloy melt; the reinforcement comprises TiB 2 And TiC; performing supercooling treatment on the alloy melt and then forming to obtain a particle reinforced metal matrix composite material; the cooling rate of the supercooling treatment is 200-400 ℃/s. According to the invention, the raw material of the reinforcement is added after the raw material of the metal matrix is smelted for in-situ reaction, so that second-phase particles can be generated in situ, and the secondary-phase particles can be wrapped in the primary hard phase during subsequent supercooling treatment, thereby inhibiting the crack propagation and connection of the primary hard phase; furthermore, the second phase particles dispersed in the matrix act as hindrance sitesStrengthening effects such as dislocation movement and pinning grain boundary, and the like, thereby refining grains; meanwhile, the invention adopts the supercooling treatment on the alloy melt and controls the cooling rate of the supercooling treatment, so that the primary hard phase is excited and cooled at a great cooling rate, the secondary phase particles generated in situ are captured, the secondary phase particles are wrapped in the primary phase particles, the size of the primary hard phase is further effectively refined, the initiation and the expansion of cracks in the primary hard phase are inhibited, and the prepared particle reinforced metal matrix composite material has higher strength and hardness.
Experimental results show that the primary hard phase in the particle-reinforced metal matrix composite material prepared by the preparation method provided by the invention is more uniformly distributed, and the refinement rate of the primary hard phase can reach 52%. Moreover, the preparation method provided by the invention is simple and feasible, the parameters are easy to control, and the cost is low.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is an SEM image of a particle-reinforced metal matrix composite prepared according to example 2 of the present invention;
fig. 2 is an SEM image of a hypereutectic aluminum-silicon alloy provided by comparative example 2 of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention provides a particle reinforced metal matrix composite material and a preparation method thereof, and the preparation method comprises the following steps:
(1) mixing raw materials of a metal matrix, smelting, and then adding raw materials of the reinforcement to perform in-situ reaction to obtain an alloy melt; the reinforcement comprises TiB 2 And TiC;
(2) performing supercooling treatment on the alloy melt obtained in the step (1) and then forming to obtain a particle reinforced metal matrix composite material; the cooling rate of the supercooling treatment is 200-400 ℃/s.
The invention mixes the raw materials of the metal matrix, then carries out smelting, and then adds the raw materials of the reinforcement to carry out in-situ reaction, thus obtaining the alloy melt.
In the present invention, the metal matrix preferably comprises a hypereutectic high chromium cast iron alloy, hypereutectic aluminum silicon or hypereutectic Mg-Cu alloy. The present invention further facilitates the formation of primary hard phase particles by selecting a metal matrix of the above kind.
The source of the raw materials of the metal matrix is not specially limited, and the raw materials are selected, weighed and prepared according to the conventional grade of the metal matrix.
In the present invention, the reinforcement comprises TiB 2 And TiC. The invention is more beneficial to being wrapped in the primary hard phase by selecting the reinforcing body of the type so as to inhibit the crack from being initiated and expanded.
The source of the raw material of the reinforcement is not particularly limited in the present invention, and the raw material can be selected and formulated according to the kind of the reinforcement by using raw materials well known to those skilled in the art.
In the present invention, when the reinforcement is TiB 2 When the reinforcing material is K, the reinforcing material is preferably K 2 TiF 6 And KBF 4 (ii) a Said K is 2 TiF 6 And KBF 4 The ratio of the amounts of substances of (a) to (b) is preferably 1: 2; said K 2 TiF 6 And KBF 4 The purity of (b) is preferably 99.9%. The invention selects the raw materials of the reinforcement and controls K 2 TiF 6 And KBF 4 In a ratio and purity more favorable for the full formation of TiB 2 Enhance the body and reduce the introduction of impurities.
In the invention, when the reinforcement is TiC, the raw materials of the reinforcement are preferably titanium powder and graphite; the mass ratio of the titanium powder to the graphite is preferably 1: 2. The TiC reinforcement is more favorably and fully formed by selecting the raw material of the reinforcement and controlling the proportion of the titanium powder to the graphite.
In the present invention, the particle size of the reinforcement is preferably 60 to 600nm, more preferably 100 to 500nm, and most preferably 200 to 400 nm. The present invention, by controlling the particle size of the reinforcement within the above range, is more advantageous for grain refinement and easy capture by the primary hard phase.
In the present invention, the raw material of the reinforcement is preferably dried before use. The drying operation is not particularly limited in the present invention, and the drying operation known to those skilled in the art can ensure that the reinforcement material is free of water.
The operation of mixing the raw materials of the reinforcement or the raw materials of the metal matrix is not particularly limited in the present invention, and the raw materials can be uniformly mixed by the operation of mixing the raw materials which is well known to those skilled in the art.
In the invention, the mass fraction of the reinforcement is preferably 6-10% of the total mass of the particle reinforced metal matrix composite material. According to the invention, the mass fraction of the reinforcement is controlled within the range, so that the grain refinement is facilitated, and the mechanical property of the particle reinforced metal matrix composite material is effectively improved.
The smelting temperature is not specially limited, and the alloy raw materials can be fully melted at the smelting temperature.
In the present invention, the temperature of the in-situ reaction is preferably the temperature of melting. The in-situ reaction time is not specially limited, and the raw materials of the reinforcement can be ensured to react completely.
In the present invention, the in situ reaction is preferably carried out with mechanical stirring.
In the invention, the speed of the mechanical stirring is preferably 350-550 r/min, and more preferably 400-500 r/min; the mechanical stirring time is preferably 50-60 min, and more preferably 55-60 min. According to the invention, the raw materials of the reinforcement are contacted more fully by performing mechanical stirring while in-situ reaction and controlling the parameters within the range, so that the reaction is ensured to be performed fully, the formed reinforcement is uniformly dispersed in the alloy melt, and the segregation problem is avoided.
After the alloy melt is obtained, the alloy melt is subjected to supercooling treatment and then is molded to obtain the particle reinforced metal matrix composite material.
In the present invention, it is preferable to perform deslagging and degassing on the alloy melt before performing the supercooling treatment. The operation of deslagging and degassing is not particularly limited in the present invention, and deslagging and degassing operations well known to those skilled in the art may be employed. The invention is more beneficial to obtaining the particle reinforced metal matrix composite material with excellent performance by carrying out deslagging and degassing treatment on the alloy melt.
In the invention, the cooling rate of the supercooling treatment is 200-400 ℃/s, preferably 220-380 ℃/s, more preferably 250-350 ℃/s, and most preferably 280-300 ℃/s. According to the invention, the alloy melt is subjected to supercooling treatment, and the cooling rate of the supercooling treatment is controlled within the range, so that the primary hard phase is excited and cooled at a great cooling rate, the secondary phase particles generated in situ are captured, the secondary phase particles are wrapped in the primary phase particles, the size of the primary hard phase is further effectively refined, the initiation and expansion of cracks in the primary hard phase are inhibited, and the prepared particle reinforced metal matrix composite material has high strength and hardness.
In the invention, the temperature of the alloy melt during the supercooling treatment is preferably 20-30 ℃ above the liquidus temperature of the alloy melt. The invention is more favorable for catching the secondary phase particles generated in situ by the primary hard phase by controlling the temperature of the alloy melt in the supercooling treatment within the range.
In the invention, the final temperature of the supercooling treatment is preferably 20-40 ℃ above the solidus temperature of the alloy melt. The invention can ensure that the undercooling treatment obtains larger temperature difference by controlling the termination temperature of the undercooling treatment within the range, ensures that the primary hard phase is fully exploded and separated out, and simultaneously ensures that the alloy melt is in a semi-solidification state, thereby being more beneficial to molding.
In the present invention, the forming means preferably includes die casting or extrusion casting. The invention is more beneficial to the cooling and forming of the alloy melt in a semi-solidification state after the supercooling treatment by adopting a die-casting or extrusion casting forming mode.
The invention has no special requirements on the parameters of the die casting or extrusion casting, and the die casting or extrusion casting process known to those skilled in the art can be adopted.
The preparation method provided by the invention can refine the size of the primary hard phase, inhibit cracks from being initiated and expanded in the primary phase, and the prepared particle reinforced metal matrix composite material has higher strength and hardness.
The invention also provides the particle reinforced metal matrix composite material prepared by the preparation method of the technical scheme.
The primary hard phase in the particle reinforced metal matrix composite material provided by the invention is uniformly distributed in the matrix and has higher strength and hardness.
The technical solution of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments of the present invention. It is to be understood that the described embodiments are merely exemplary of the invention, and not restrictive of the full scope of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Example 1
A particle reinforced metal matrix composite material and a preparation method thereof are disclosed, which comprises the following steps:
(1) mixing raw materials of a metal matrix, smelting, adding raw materials of a reinforcement body, and carrying out in-situ reaction to obtain an alloy melt; wherein the metal matrix is hypereutectic high-chromium cast iron (Fe-27.14% Cr-4.4% C-2.4% Ti-4.8% B), and the raw materials of the metal matrix are selected and prepared according to the component proportion of Fe-27.14% Cr-4.4% C-2.4% Ti-4.8% B; heating the metal matrix raw material to 1570 ℃ at a heating rate of 32 ℃/min, and keeping the temperature for 2.5h, wherein the vacuum degree is kept within 50 Pa; the reinforcement material is dried villiaumite (with purity of 99.9% K) 2 TiF 6 And KBF 4 Salt, mixed well in a molar ratio of 1: 2), feeding the raw material of the reinforcement from the bottom of the molten pool by blowing powder by using inert gas, applying mechanical stirring for 50min at 400r/min during the period, and forming the reinforcement into TiB 2 (particle size 68 nm);
(2) performing supercooling treatment on the alloy melt obtained in the step (1) and then forming to obtain a particle reinforced metal matrix composite material; wherein C is added into the alloy melt before the supercooling treatment 2 Cl 6 Deslagging and degassing; the cooling rate of the supercooling treatment is 320 ℃/s; the temperature of the alloy melt during the supercooling treatment is 1336 ℃, namely 20 ℃ above the liquidus temperature of the alloy melt (the liquidus temperature is 1316 ℃); the final temperature of the supercooling treatment is 1140 ℃, namely the solidification of the alloy meltThe temperature of the phase line is 30 ℃ (the temperature of the solidus line is 1110 ℃); the supercooling treatment mode is that the melt flows through an overflowing cooling inclined plate with an angle of 45 degrees and a length of 300mm, and cooling water is introduced into the overflowing cooling inclined plate; the forming mode is extrusion forming.
The particle reinforced metal matrix composite material prepared by the preparation method is 10 percent (mass fraction) of in-situ self-generated TiB 2 Particulate reinforced hypereutectic high chromium cast iron composites, i.e. 10% TiB 2 The Fe-27.14% Cr-4.4% C-2.4% Ti-4.8% B composite material is reinforced, wherein the primary hard phase M7C3 type carbide is distributed more uniformly, and the refinement rate of the carbide achieves high efficiency (52%).
Comparative example 1
Hypereutectic high chromium cast iron (Fe-27.14% Cr-4.4% C-2.4% Ti-4.8% B) prepared by the same forming method as in example 1 without the addition of reinforcement.
Mechanical property tests are carried out on the particle reinforced metal matrix composite material obtained in the example 1 and the hypereutectic high-chromium cast iron obtained in the comparative example 1, and according to the mechanical property test results, the hardness of the particle reinforced metal matrix composite material in the example 1 can reach 66.5HRC, and the impact toughness can reach 4.2J/m 2 。
Example 2
A particle reinforced metal matrix composite material and a preparation method thereof are disclosed, which comprises the following steps:
(1) mixing raw materials of a metal matrix, smelting, adding raw materials of a reinforcement body, and carrying out in-situ reaction to obtain an alloy melt; wherein the metal matrix is hypereutectic aluminum-silicon alloy (Al-17% Si-4Cu-0.4Mg alloy, namely A390 alloy), and the raw material of the metal matrix is selected and prepared according to the components of the Al-17% Si-4Cu-0.4Mg alloy; the smelting temperature is 850 ℃, and the raw material of the reinforcement body is dried villiaumite (the purity is 99.9 percent K) 2 TiF 6 And KBF 4 Salt, mixed well in a molar ratio of 1: 2), feeding the raw material of the reinforcement from the bottom of the molten pool by blowing powder by using inert gas, applying mechanical stirring for 50min at 390r/min during the period, and forming the reinforcement into TiB 2 (particle size 60 nm);
(2) supercooling the alloy melt obtained in the step (1)After treatment, molding to obtain a particle reinforced metal matrix composite; wherein C is added into the alloy melt before the supercooling treatment 2 Cl 6 Deslagging and degassing; the cooling rate of the supercooling treatment was 340 ℃/s; the temperature of the alloy melt during the supercooling treatment is 730 ℃, namely the temperature is 30 ℃ above the liquidus temperature of the alloy melt (the liquidus temperature is 700 ℃); the final temperature of the supercooling treatment is 580 ℃, namely 34 ℃ above the solidus temperature of the alloy melt (the solidus temperature is 546 ℃); the supercooling treatment mode is that the melt flows through an overflowing cooling inclined plate with an angle of 45 degrees and a length of 300mm, and cooling water is introduced into the overflowing cooling inclined plate; the forming mode is extrusion forming.
The particle reinforced metal matrix composite material prepared by the preparation method is 6 percent (mass fraction) of in-situ self-generated TiB 2 The particulate reinforced hypereutectic aluminum silicon composite material.
Comparative example 2
The a390 alloy was prepared using the same forming method as example 2 without the addition of reinforcement.
Metallographic structure observation and mechanical property test were performed on the particle-reinforced metal matrix composite material obtained in example 2 and the a390 alloy in comparative example 2 by using a scanning electron microscope, and the obtained SEM images are shown in fig. 1 and fig. 2, respectively.
As can be seen from FIGS. 1-2, the undercooled 6% TiB alloy is comparable to the A390 alloy 2 The distribution of the primary silicon in the reinforced A390 alloy composite material is uniform.
According to the mechanical property test result, the yield strength and the tensile strength of the composite material can reach 360MPa and 420 MPa.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, various modifications and decorations can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these modifications and decorations should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A preparation method of a particle-reinforced metal matrix composite material comprises the following steps:
(1) mixing the raw materials of the metal matrixSmelting, and then adding raw materials of the reinforcement body to carry out in-situ reaction to obtain an alloy melt; the reinforcement comprises TiB 2 And TiC;
(2) performing supercooling treatment on the alloy melt obtained in the step (1) and then forming to obtain a particle reinforced metal matrix composite material; the cooling rate of the supercooling treatment is 200-400 ℃/s.
2. The preparation method according to claim 1, wherein the temperature of the alloy melt in the step (2) is 20 to 30 ℃ above the liquidus temperature of the alloy melt.
3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the final temperature of the supercooling in the step (2) is 20 to 40 ℃ above the solidus temperature of the alloy melt.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein the forming in step (2) comprises die casting or squeeze casting.
5. The method according to claim 1, wherein the mass fraction of the reinforcement in the step (1) is 6 to 10% of the total mass of the particle-reinforced metal matrix composite.
6. The method according to claim 1 or 5, wherein the reinforcement in the step (1) has a particle size of 60 to 600 nm.
7. The method of claim 1, wherein the metal matrix in step (1) comprises a hypereutectic high chromium cast iron alloy, hypereutectic aluminum silicon, or a hypereutectic Mg-Cu alloy.
8. The method according to claim 1, wherein the in-situ reaction in step (1) is carried out with mechanical stirring.
9. The method of claim 8, wherein the mechanical agitation is performed at a rate of 350 to 550r/min for 50 to 60 min.
10. A particle-reinforced metal matrix composite material prepared by the preparation method according to any one of claims 1 to 9.
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Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104911416A (en) * | 2015-06-19 | 2015-09-16 | 华中科技大学 | In-situ particle mixed reinforced aluminum-based composite material and preparation method thereof |
| US20190144965A1 (en) * | 2016-04-05 | 2019-05-16 | Baoshan Iron & Steel Co., Ltd. | Lightweight steel and steel sheet with enhanced elastic modulus, and manufacturing method thereof |
| CN110273087A (en) * | 2019-06-25 | 2019-09-24 | 昆明理工大学 | Regulate and control the method for hypereutectic aluminum-silicon alloy casting overall performance |
| US20210156008A1 (en) * | 2019-11-27 | 2021-05-27 | The Regents Of The University Of California | Nanostructure assisted casting of thermally stable, ultrafine grained, nanocrystalline metals |
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2022
- 2022-06-22 CN CN202210712271.4A patent/CN115125411A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104911416A (en) * | 2015-06-19 | 2015-09-16 | 华中科技大学 | In-situ particle mixed reinforced aluminum-based composite material and preparation method thereof |
| US20190144965A1 (en) * | 2016-04-05 | 2019-05-16 | Baoshan Iron & Steel Co., Ltd. | Lightweight steel and steel sheet with enhanced elastic modulus, and manufacturing method thereof |
| CN110273087A (en) * | 2019-06-25 | 2019-09-24 | 昆明理工大学 | Regulate and control the method for hypereutectic aluminum-silicon alloy casting overall performance |
| US20210156008A1 (en) * | 2019-11-27 | 2021-05-27 | The Regents Of The University Of California | Nanostructure assisted casting of thermally stable, ultrafine grained, nanocrystalline metals |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
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| 文九巴, 哈尔滨工业大学出版社 * |
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Application publication date: 20220930 |