CN115124591B - 钝顶螺旋藻藻蓝蛋白血管紧张素转化酶抑制肽及其制备方法和应用 - Google Patents
钝顶螺旋藻藻蓝蛋白血管紧张素转化酶抑制肽及其制备方法和应用 Download PDFInfo
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- CN115124591B CN115124591B CN202210968564.9A CN202210968564A CN115124591B CN 115124591 B CN115124591 B CN 115124591B CN 202210968564 A CN202210968564 A CN 202210968564A CN 115124591 B CN115124591 B CN 115124591B
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Abstract
本发明属于生物活性肽蛋白技术领域,涉及钝顶螺旋藻藻蓝蛋白血管紧张素转化酶抑制肽及其制备方法和应用。本发明所述抑制肽的氨基酸序列分别如SEQ ID NO.1、SEQ ID NO.2、SEQ ID NO.3所示。所述SEQ ID NO.1、SEQ ID NO.2和SEQ ID NO.3的氨基酸序列分别为:Phe‑Pro‑Pro‑Trp‑Phe(FPPWF)、Phe‑Pro‑Pro‑Trp‑Val‑Leu(FPPWVL)和Gly‑Trp(GW)。本发明首次从钝顶螺旋藻藻蓝蛋白中筛选得到了能够有效抑制血管紧张素转化酶活性的未经报道的小肽FPPWF、FPPWVL和GW,并明确了小肽FPPWF、FPPWVL和GW的结构,同时FPPWF、FPPWVL和GW能够有效抑制血管紧张素转化酶活性,且安全、无毒性,因此作为功能成分用于降血压药品中,具有良好的应用前景。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于生物活性肽蛋白技术领域,涉及钝顶螺旋藻藻蓝蛋白血管紧张素转化酶抑制肽及其制备方法和应用。
背景技术
现阶段,高血压已成为人类的常见多发病。据统计,世界各国的高血压平均患病率为10%~12%。我国的高血压患者超过1.2亿人。高血压严重影响人类健康和生活质量。据WHO报告,全球每年有超过1750万人死于心血管疾病。心血管疾病已被全球视为人口死亡的主要病因。近年来,心血管疾病有逐年增加的趋势。高血压是心血管疾病的显著危险因素之一,具有年龄相关疾病的典型特征。慢性肾功能衰竭、中风等疾病也是由持续性高血压引起的。因此开展高血压防治药物研发具有重要意义。
血管紧张素转化酶(ACE)是人体内调控肾素-血管紧张素系统和激肽-缓激肽系统的关键酶,ACE能够将血管紧张素I转化为血管紧张素II,使血管收缩,间接导致血压升高。抑制ACE的活性,则能降低血压。因此ACE成为治疗高血压的重要靶点。
目前,临床用于治疗高血压的ACE抑制剂有20多种,大多数是化学合成药物。市售化学合成的降压药物(如卡托普利等)是通过抑制ACE活性实现降压效果的,普遍具有明显的毒副作用,如头晕、肾功能损害、高钾血症、咳嗽、皮肤瘙痒、味觉紊乱或血压过低等。因此开发安全、无毒副作用的新型降压药物十分必要。
ACE抑制肽是一类具有ACE抑制活性的多肽,其分子量通常小于3kDa,能够防治高血压。与化学合成ACE抑制药相比,ACE抑制肽具有天然、水溶性好、安全、无毒副作用等优点,可用作降血压相关的功能食品、保健品、药品等。
螺旋藻是单细胞蓝藻,营养均衡,具有极高的营养和防病保健价值。螺旋藻的化学组成有高蛋白、低脂肪、低糖的特点,还含有多种维生素及微量元素。螺旋藻的蛋白质、糖、脂的比例约为60:20:5,其中蛋白质含量高达60%-70%,是大豆的2倍,牛肉的3.5倍,鸡蛋的4倍,且所含人体必需氨基酸的种类齐全、组成合理;脂肪含量为干重的5%-6%,其中70%-80%为不饱和脂肪酸,尤其是亚麻酸的含量高达人乳的500倍;纤维素含量为2%-4%,细胞壁主要是由胶原蛋白和半纤维素组成,人体对其吸收率高达95%以上。螺旋藻的维生素和矿物质含量丰富,前者包括维生素B1、B2、B6、B12、E和K等,后者包括锌、铁、钾、钙、镁、磷、硒、碘等微量元素,螺旋藻的生物锌与铁的比例与人体生理需要一致,容易被人体吸收。除此之外,螺旋藻内的C-藻蓝蛋白(CPC)、藻多糖、γ-亚麻酸甲酯、β-胡萝卜素、叶绿素a等活性成分还具有调节生长代谢和免疫调节作用。螺旋藻因此被联合国粮农组织誉为“人类最理想、最优秀的食品”,被世界卫生组织认定为“21世纪人类最佳保健品”和“未来超级营养食品”,被联合国教科文组织推荐为“明天最理想、最完美的食品”。螺旋藻已被美国和欧洲航天局推荐为长期执行太空任务人员的主要食品之一。每人每日食用干重15g的螺旋藻就能保证必要的营养素来源。
螺旋藻还具有多种药理作用,如降血脂、抗氧化、抗感染、抗癌、抗辐射、抗衰老、增强机体免疫力等。螺旋藻在世界范围内已被广泛用作保健品。藻胆蛋白是螺旋藻的主要活性物质,其含量约占螺旋藻蛋白质总量的70%。螺旋藻的藻胆蛋白包括C-藻蓝蛋白(CPC)和别藻蓝蛋白两种,其中藻蓝蛋白(即CPC)的含量远远高于别藻蓝蛋白。研究证明,螺旋藻藻蓝蛋白具有抗氧化、抗衰老、抗感染、抗癌、抗辐射、抗衰老、增强机体免疫力等多种功效,因此螺旋藻藻蓝蛋白可以作为筛选新型抗氧化肽、抗衰老肽的原料。
螺旋藻是规模化生产的微藻之一。已经大规模生产的螺旋藻有钝顶螺旋藻(Spirulina platensis)、极大螺旋藻和盐泽螺旋藻。
目前已经从石莼、小球藻、紫菜、钝顶螺旋藻中筛选、鉴定出多种具有抑制ACE活性的肽。如红藻的ACE抑制肽AILAGDPSVLEDR和VVGGTGPVDEWGIAGAR,日本掌状红皮藻ACE抑制肽YRD、LDY,日本条斑紫菜ACE抑制肽LF,日本裙带菜ACE抑制肽VY,紫菜ACE抑制肽TYIA,ACE抑制肽VTY、LGVP。还从培利涡螺中筛选出ACE抑制肽IVWDMEK和VGPAGRPG,二者的体外ACE抑制活性IC50分别为2.08mM和4.66mM。
发明内容
为解决上述现有技术中存在的问题,本发明提供了钝顶螺旋藻藻蓝蛋白血管紧张素转化酶抑制肽及其制备方法和应用。
为实现上述目的,本发明采用如下技术方案:
一方面,本申请提供了钝顶螺旋藻藻蓝蛋白血管紧张素转化酶抑制肽,所述肽的氨基酸序列分别如SEQ ID NO.1、SEQ ID NO.2、SEQ ID NO.3所示。
所述SEQ ID NO.1、SEQ ID NO.2和SEQ ID NO.3的氨基酸序列分别为:Phe-Pro-Pro-Trp-Phe(FPPWF)、Phe-Pro-Pro-Trp-Val-Leu(FPPWVL)和Gly-Trp(GW)。
另一方面,本申请提供了组合物,所述组合物包含上述肽以及药学上可接受的辅料。
另一方面,本申请提供了上述肽或者组合物在制备血管紧张素转化酶抑制剂中的用途。
另一方面,本申请提供了上述肽或者组合物在制备治疗高血压的药物中的应用。
另一方面,本申请提供了筛选上述肽的方法,所述方法包括:
(1)酶解:使用酶法对钝顶螺旋藻C-藻蓝蛋白溶液进行水解得到蛋白水解物;
(2)筛选:对蛋白水解物进行超滤处理;通过超高效液相色谱-质谱法得到超滤组分中置信度较高的肽段序列;对得到的肽段序列进行虚拟筛选,根据生物信息学预测打分及与ACE分子对接分析结果,筛选无毒性、生物学活性高、能与与ACE分子对接的多肽;
(3)体外活性测定:高效液相色谱法体外测定多肽的血管紧张素转化酶抑制活性。
进一步地,所述水解使用碱性蛋白酶。
进一步地,所述超滤级分为<3kDa的级分。
有益效果
本发明公开了钝顶螺旋藻藻蓝蛋白血管紧张素转化酶抑制肽,本申请首次从钝顶螺旋藻藻蓝蛋白中筛选得到了能够有效抑制血管紧张素转化酶活性的未经报道的小肽FPPWF、FPPWVL和GW,明确了小肽FPPWF、FPPWVL和GW的结构,体外试验验证了小肽FPPWF、FPPWVL和GW具有抑制血管紧张素转化酶的活性,同时FPPWF、FPPWVL和GW具有安全、无毒副作用的优点,因此作为功能成分用于降血压药品中,具有良好的潜力和应用前景。
附图说明
图1:FPPWF的质谱分析结果图;
图2:FPPWVL的质谱分析结果图;
图3:GW的质谱分析结果图。
具体实施方式
以下,将详细地描述本发明。在进行描述之前,应当理解的是,在本说明书和所附的权利要求书中使用的术语不应解释为限制于一般含义和字典含义,而应当在允许发明人适当定义术语以进行最佳解释的原则的基础上,根据与本发明的技术方面相应的含义和概念进行解释。因此,这里提出的描述仅仅是出于举例说明目的的优选实例,并非意图限制本发明的范围,从而应当理解的是,在不偏离本发明的精神和范围的情况下,可以由其获得其他等价方式或改进方式。
以下实施例仅是作为本发明的实施方案的例子列举,并不对本发明构成任何限制,本领域技术人员可以理解在不偏离本发明的实质和构思的范围内的修改均落入本发明的保护范围。除非特别说明,以下实施例中使用的试剂和仪器均为市售可得产品。
本发明的目的是以钝顶螺旋藻藻蓝蛋白为材料酶解、筛选、鉴定具有特定序列的、无毒性的ACE抑制肽,筛选到ACE抑制肽FPPWF、FPPWVL和GW。
实施例1钝顶螺旋藻藻蓝蛋白的提取
(1)将钝顶螺旋藻粉按1:10-20的比例(w/v)分散到蒸馏水中,浸泡6-12小时,-20℃冷冻12-24h,然后用流水或37℃水浴融化,反复3次。6000rpm离心15min,取上清液,即为蛋白粗提液。
(2)在蛋白粗提液中加入研磨的硫酸铵粉末,使其饱和度为60%;边加边搅拌,至硫酸铵完全溶解后继续搅拌2小时。然后置冰箱冷藏室,静置6-12小时。10000rpm离心15min,取沉淀。沉淀用适量的PBS(20mM,pH6.5)重溶,将重悬液用透析袋透析,透析过程中更换PBS(20mM,pH6.5)3次。透析液用6000rpm离心15min,取上清液。上清液即为藻蓝蛋白粗提液。
(3)吸取适量上述藻蓝蛋白粗提液,加到PBS(20mM,pH6.5)平衡的DEAE SepharoseFast Flow层析柱中,阴离子交换层析法纯化藻蓝蛋白。先用PBS(20mM,pH6.5)冲洗层析柱,去除杂质和多余的样品,再用含0.3M NaCl的PBS溶液(20mM,pH6.5)直接洗脱,收集蓝色洗脱液。用透析袋透析,透析过程中更换超纯水3次。透析液用6000rpm离心15min,取上清液,即为纯化的钝顶螺旋藻藻蓝蛋白溶液。
实施例2钝顶螺旋藻藻蓝蛋白的酶解及其超滤组分制备
(1)调节钝顶螺旋藻藻蓝蛋白溶液的pH为10.5,然后加入3000U/g的碱性蛋白酶,混匀后置于摇床中振荡酶解,摇床转速为100-200rpm,酶解时间200-300min,酶解温度40℃。
(2)酶解结束,酶解液沸水浴10min,灭活残留的酶。
(3)4℃条件下10000-12000rpm离心15min,收集上清液,弃沉淀。上清液即为钝顶螺旋藻藻蓝蛋白肽溶液。
(4)使用截留分子量为3kDa的超滤离心管,6000rpm离心30min,吸取超滤管中截留的溶液,即为分子量<3kDa的超滤组分。
(5)收集分子量<3kDa的超滤组分,冷冻真空干燥制备钝顶螺旋藻藻蓝蛋白肽冻干粉。
实施例3钝顶螺旋藻藻蓝蛋白肽的结构鉴定
(1)分子量<3kDa的钝顶螺旋藻藻蓝蛋白肽冻干粉溶于超纯水中,用0.22um水系针头滤器过滤去除颗粒,然后利用超高效液相色谱-串联质谱(UPLC-ESI-TOF-MS/MS)法进行钝顶螺旋藻藻蓝蛋白肽的质谱鉴定。UPLC的流动相A为水溶液(含0.1%甲酸),流动相B为乙腈溶液(含0.1%甲酸),洗脱时间为60min,梯度洗脱条件见表1,进样量为5μL,流速设定为300μL/min。
表1超高效液相色谱洗脱条件
串联质谱采用正离子模式,二级质谱分析,以分辨率120000进行100-2000m/z的全MS扫描,具体质谱参数设定见表2。
表2串联质谱分析条件
(2)质谱数据解析
使用MM File Conversion软件对UPLC-MS/MS分析得到的原始文件转换成MGF格式的质谱通用文件,使用Mascot质谱数据在线分析平台(http://www.matrixscience.com/)检索uniport数据库(http://www.uniprot.org/taxonomy/8139)中的蛋白数据,分析MGF文件中的质谱信息,具体检索参数:Fixed modifications(Carbamidomethyl,C)、VariableModifications(Oxidation,M)、Enzyme(none)、Maximum Missed Cleavages(1)、PeptideMass Tolerance(1.2Da)、Fragment Mass Tolerance(0.6Da)、Mass values(Monoisotopic)、Peptide charge(1+,2+and 3+)、Significance threshold(0.05)。
(3)经UPLC-ESI-TOF-MS/MS鉴定,得到多个钝顶螺旋藻藻蓝蛋白肽。质谱分析结果见附图1-图3。钝顶螺旋藻藻蓝蛋白肽的氨基酸序列及其分子量和疏水性(结果见表3)。对钝顶螺旋藻藻蓝蛋白肽进行生物信息学预测。根据生物信息学预测结果,挑选无毒性、生物活性高、分子对接成功的肽,然后化学合成,再进行体外ACE抑制活性测定。筛选的钝顶螺旋藻藻蓝蛋白肽的氨基酸序列分别为:Phe-Pro-Pro-Trp-Phe(FPPWF)、Phe-Pro-Pro-Trp-Val-Leu(FPPWVL)和Gly-Trp(GW)。
实施例4钝顶螺旋藻肽的生物信息学预测
(1)肽的潜在生物学活性预测
利用PeptideRanker在线平台(http://distilldeep.ucd)分析获得的多肽序列的潜在生物学活性。根据多肽的生物活性预测概率进行排名,PeptideRanker预测模型的预设阈值为0.5,阈值大于0.5则被认为具有生物活性。本申请筛选的新肽FPPWF、FPPWVL和GW的预测分值分别为0.997604、0.977268和0.993164(详见表3)。生物信息学预测分析结果表明,FPPWF、FPPWVL和GW的潜在生物学活性高。
表3钝顶螺旋藻藻蓝蛋白肽的质谱分析和生物学活性预测分析结果
(2)肽的潜在毒性预测
采用ToxinPrep(https://webs.iiitd.edu.in/raghava/toxinpred/multi_ submit.php)平台,基于SVM(Swiss-Port)算法,对新肽进行潜在毒性预测。
经潜在毒性分析,FPPWF、FPPWVL和GW均为无毒性的肽。
(3)肽与ACE分子对接试验
将上述筛选的无毒性且潜在生物活性高的肽进行ACE分子对接试验。采用pepsite2.0(http://pepsite2.russelllab.org/)、AutoDock 1.5.6与来自PDB数据库中登录号为PDB ID:1O8A的ACE序列进行模拟分子对接试验,并计算对接分数,使用Swiss-PdbViewer4.1.0查看分子对接文件及多肽与ACE的结合位点。通过pepsite 2.0计算肽与ACE的对接亲和力(p<0.05)和潜在的结合位点筛选ACE抑制肽。
ACE与其配体相互作用主要涉及三个活性口袋:S1口袋包含Ala354、Glu384和Tyr523残基;S2口袋包含Gln281、His353、Lys511、His513和Tyr520残基;S1’口袋只包括Glu162残基。此外,其他氨基酸残基,如Glu411、Glu162、His383和His387,对ACE活性也发挥重要作用。
将鉴定的肽与ACE(PDBID:1O8A)进行分子对接分析,以肽与ACE活性位点的结合程度作为预测多肽ACE抑制活性的标志,选择分子对接结果p值差异显著且与ACE活性位点氨基酸残基结合多的肽。
肽与ACE分子对接分析结果详见表4。FPPWF、FPPWVL和GW与ACE分子对接的活性位点数分别为12、9和5个。
表4肽与ACE分子对接分析结果
(注:粗体为分子对接位点)
综上,生物信息学预测分析结果表明,FPPWF、FPPWVL、GW均为安全、无毒性、生物活性高、具有ACE抑制活性的新型ACE抑制肽。
实施例5钝顶螺旋藻肽的化学合成及其体外ACE抑制活性测定
(1)利用Fmoc氨基酸固相合成技术人工化学合成多肽FPPWF、FPPWVL、GW。合成肽的纯度>95%。肽由南京肽谷生物技术股份有限公司合成。
(2)高效液相色谱法(HPLC)测定多肽体外ACE抑制活性
本实施例所用的药品及仪器无特殊说明均可从商业获得。
原理:ACE可以将底物马尿酰-组氨酰-亮氨酸(Hip-His-Leu,HHL,Sigma公司)水解为马尿酸。当添加ACE的抑制剂时,马尿酸的生成量相应减少。通过检测波长228nm处马尿酸的吸收峰面积,可以测定抑制剂对ACE的抑制率。
试剂:0.2U/mL的ACE溶液(缓冲体系为0.1M的硼酸缓冲液,pH 8.3,含0.4M NaCl)、12.5mM的HHL(缓冲体系为0.1M的硼酸缓冲液,pH 8.3,含0.4M NaCl)、FPPWF溶液。
步骤:取2μL肽溶液和20μL ACE溶液,混匀,37℃水浴5min,加入10μL HHL和33μL0.1M硼酸缓冲液(pH 8.3,含0.4M NaCl),充分混匀,37℃水浴60min,然后加入100μL 1MHCl终止反应。13000rpm离心15min。上清液经0.22μm针头滤器过滤,HPLC法测定产物马尿酸的峰面积。HPLC分析参数为:C18柱:Athena C18-WP柱温:30℃,进样量:10uL,流动相为水:乙腈=1:1(v/v,0.1%三氟乙酸),流速:0.4mL/min,检测波长:228nm。
ACE抑制率的计算公式如下:
I(%)=(Acontrol-Ainhibition)/Acontrol×100
式中Acontrol为不添加抑制肽产生的马尿酸的峰面积,Ainhibition为添加抑制肽产生的马尿酸的峰面积。
将ACE酶活反应体系中多肽的终浓度调整为0.5、1、2、4、10mM,按照上述实验方法测定FPPWF、FPPWVL、GW的抑制率。每个浓度设3个平行。计算肽的IC50值,即能抑制50%ACE活性时肽的浓度。测定结果见表5。
表5不同浓度多肽的ACE抑制率
代入公式计算,钝顶螺旋藻肽FPPWF、FPPWVL、GW的ACE抑制活性IC50值分别为2.77mM、3.37mM、3.10mM。
体外试验结果表明,钝顶螺旋藻肽FPPWF、FPPWVL、GW对ACE有较好的抑制活性,可用于研发治疗高血压的药品等。
以上实施例仅用以说明本发明的技术方案,而非对其进行限制;尽管参照前述实施例对本发明进行了详细的说明,对于本领域的普通技术人员来说,依然可以对前述实施例所记载的技术方案进行修改,或者对其中部分技术特征进行等同替换;而这些修改或替换,并不使相应技术方案的本质脱离本发明所要求保护的技术方案的精神和范围。
Claims (4)
1.钝顶螺旋藻藻蓝蛋白血管紧张素转化酶抑制肽在制备具有治疗高血压作用的药物中的应用,其特征在于,所述血管紧张素转化酶抑制肽的氨基酸序列如SEQ ID NO.1或SEQID NO.2或SEQ ID NO.3所示;
所述SEQ ID NO.1、SEQ ID NO.2和SEQ ID NO.3的氨基酸序列分别为:Phe-Pro-Pro-Trp-Phe(FPPWF)、Phe-Pro-Pro-Trp-Val-Leu(FPPWVL)和Gly-Trp(GW)。
2.钝顶螺旋藻藻蓝蛋白血管紧张素转化酶抑制肽的制备方法,其特征在于,所述肽的氨基酸序列如SEQ ID NO.1或SEQ ID NO.2或SEQ ID NO.3所示;所述方法包括以下步骤:
(1)钝顶螺旋藻C-藻蓝蛋白的提取:对钝顶螺旋藻进行C-藻蓝蛋白的提取,得到钝顶螺旋藻C-藻蓝蛋白溶液;
(2)酶解:使用酶法对步骤(1)所得的钝顶螺旋藻C-藻蓝蛋白溶液进行水解,得到钝顶螺旋藻藻蓝蛋白肽溶液;
(3)超滤:对步骤(2)所得的钝顶螺旋藻藻蓝蛋白肽溶液进行超滤处理,得到超滤组分;
(4)筛选:对步骤(3)所得的超滤组分进行筛选,即得到所述的钝顶螺旋藻藻蓝蛋白血管紧张素转化酶抑制肽;
步骤(2)所述酶解具体包括以下步骤:
调节C-藻蓝蛋白溶液的pH值为10.5,然后加入碱性蛋白酶,混匀后置于摇床中振荡酶解;酶解时间200-300 min,酶解温度40℃;
酶解结束,酶解液沸水浴,灭活残留的酶;
离心,收集上清液,弃沉淀,上清液即为钝顶螺旋藻藻蓝蛋白肽溶液;
步骤(3)所述超滤具体为:使用截留分子量为3 kDa的超滤离心管,离心,吸取超滤管中截留的溶液,即为分子量<3 kDa的超滤组分;
步骤(4)所述筛选具体包括以下步骤:
通过超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法得到超滤组分中置信度较高的肽段序列;
对得到的肽段序列进行虚拟筛选,根据生物信息学预测打分及肽与ACE分子对接分析结果,筛选无毒性、生物学活性高、能与ACE分子对接的多肽,即为所述的钝顶螺旋藻藻蓝蛋白血管紧张素转化酶抑制肽。
3.根据权利要求2所述的钝顶螺旋藻藻蓝蛋白血管紧张素转化酶抑制肽的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(1)所述钝顶螺旋藻C-藻蓝蛋白的提取具体包括以下步骤:
将钝顶螺旋藻粉分散到蒸馏水中,浸泡、冷冻、融化,反复多次,然后离心,取上清液,即为蛋白粗提液;
在蛋白粗提液中加入硫酸铵粉末,静置,离心,取沉淀,将沉淀重溶,进行透析,透析液离心,取上清液,即为钝顶螺旋藻C-藻蓝蛋白粗提液;
取C-藻蓝蛋白粗提液,用阴离子交换层析法纯化C-藻蓝蛋白,得到纯化的C-藻蓝蛋白溶液。
4.根据权利要求2所述的钝顶螺旋藻藻蓝蛋白血管紧张素转化酶抑制肽的制备方法,其特征在于,需要对所述抑制肽进行体外活性测定:高效液相色谱法体外测定多肽的血管紧张素转化酶抑制活性。
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