CN115124355B - Method for burying and burning large-size ceramic spheres - Google Patents
Method for burying and burning large-size ceramic spheres Download PDFInfo
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- CN115124355B CN115124355B CN202210858591.0A CN202210858591A CN115124355B CN 115124355 B CN115124355 B CN 115124355B CN 202210858591 A CN202210858591 A CN 202210858591A CN 115124355 B CN115124355 B CN 115124355B
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/622—Forming processes; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/64—Burning or sintering processes
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/66—Monolithic refractories or refractory mortars, including those whether or not containing clay
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
- F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
- F27D5/00—Supports, screens, or the like for the charge within the furnace
- F27D5/0006—Composite supporting structures
- F27D5/0012—Modules of the sagger or setter type; Supports built up from them
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/65—Aspects relating to heat treatments of ceramic bodies such as green ceramics or pre-sintered ceramics, e.g. burning, sintering or melting processes
- C04B2235/656—Aspects relating to heat treatments of ceramic bodies such as green ceramics or pre-sintered ceramics, e.g. burning, sintering or melting processes characterised by specific heating conditions during heat treatment
- C04B2235/6567—Treatment time
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/65—Aspects relating to heat treatments of ceramic bodies such as green ceramics or pre-sintered ceramics, e.g. burning, sintering or melting processes
- C04B2235/66—Specific sintering techniques, e.g. centrifugal sintering
- C04B2235/661—Multi-step sintering
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P40/00—Technologies relating to the processing of minerals
- Y02P40/60—Production of ceramic materials or ceramic elements, e.g. substitution of clay or shale by alternative raw materials, e.g. ashes
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Compositions Of Oxide Ceramics (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a large-size ceramic ball burying and burning method, corundum sand is filled in a sagger, a ceramic ball is buried in the central position of the corundum sand in the sagger, heat in a kiln is transferred to the corundum sand through the sagger, heat accumulated by the corundum sand forms a thermal field outside the ceramic ball, heat is transferred to the ceramic ball through heat transfer, the heat can be transferred to the center of the ceramic ball at a high speed, the temperature of the center of the ceramic ball is quickly close to the external temperature, the balance of the internal temperature and the external temperature of the ceramic ball is realized, the situation that cracking occurs due to overlarge internal-external temperature difference is difficult to occur, the firing yield of the ceramic ball is greatly improved, the loss is reduced, the yield of the large-size ceramic ball is improved, and the market demand is met.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of ceramic products, in particular to a burning method for large-size ceramic spheres.
Background
The alumina ceramic balls are widely applied in the characteristics of moderate density, wear resistance, low price and the like. The alumina ceramic ball is the most ideal high-efficiency grinding medium for grinding glaze, blank, chemical raw material and various mineral powder, and compared with the natural stone ball and common ceramic ball, the wear resistance of the alumina ceramic ball is improved by 20-40 times, and the grinding efficiency is improved by 40-60%. In addition, ceramic ball valves based on the processing of alumina ceramic balls are widely applied to various fields of papermaking, medicine, coal chemical industry, electric power, petroleum, aerospace and the like.
Although alumina ceramic spheres are widely used, large-size alumina ceramic spheres (especially ceramic spheres with a sphere diameter of greater than 200 mm) are difficult to mold and are more difficult to fire. The reason that the firing difficulty is high is that the alumina ceramic ball is a solid ball, more binder, water and various inorganic matters are added into the ceramic ball blank body in order to ensure the stability of the formation of the large-size ceramic ball, so that the moisture in the ball cannot be discharged in time in the firing temperature rising process, the ball is easy to crack due to the gasification of the moisture, in addition, the large-size ceramic ball is directly contacted with flame in a furnace body in the temperature rising process, the temperature of the outside of the ball is quickly raised, the temperature of the inside of the ball is delayed, obvious temperature difference can occur, the inside and the outside of the ball are heated unevenly, and the ball is easy to crack; in the current industrial production, the firing yield of the large-size ceramic balls is not two times of firing, so that each firing process is necessary to be perfected so as to improve the firing yield of the ceramic balls.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems, the invention provides a large-size ceramic sphere burying burning method.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows: a large-size ceramic sphere burial firing method comprises the following steps:
firstly, placing a ceramic ball blank body in a drying environment for natural drying in the shade, and then placing the ceramic ball blank body in a drying box for drying;
secondly, paving a layer of corundum-mullite sagger at the bottom of the corundum-mullite sagger, placing the dried ceramic ball blank in the middle of the sagger, continuously filling the corundum-mullite sagger with the corundum-mullite sagger, and burying the ceramic ball blank in the center of the corundum-mullite sagger;
and thirdly, covering a sagger cover, putting the sagger into a kiln, heating gradually, and sintering at a high temperature of 1650 ℃.
Preferably, the temperature rising curve during high temperature sintering is:
(1) And (3) heating: heating from room temperature, heating from room temperature to 300 ℃ in 40 hours, heating from 300 ℃ to 600 ℃ in 30 hours, heating from 600 ℃ to 950 ℃ in 23 hours, and preserving heat at 950 ℃ for 2 hours; continuously heating from 950 ℃ to 1250 ℃ within 10 hours, from 1250 ℃ to 1500 ℃ within 7 hours, from 1500 ℃ to 1650 ℃ within 6 hours, and preserving heat for 5 hours at 1650 ℃;
(2) And (3) a cooling stage: cooling to 1350 ℃ from 1650 ℃ in 10 hours, cooling to 950 ℃ from 1350 ℃ in 7 hours, closing fire at 950 ℃, naturally cooling to 200 ℃, opening the kiln door when 200 ℃, cooling to 150 ℃, fully opening the kiln door, and naturally cooling to normal temperature after 2 hours, pulling out the kiln car.
Preferably, the volume of the internal cavity of the sagger is two times larger than that of the ceramic ball blank body, and the thickness of the sagger and the cover is 40-50mm.
Preferably, the refractoriness of the corundum sand is more than or equal to 1800 ℃.
Preferably, the thickness of corundum sand at the bottom of the sagger is more than one third of the diameter of the ceramic ball blank.
Preferably, the bottom surface of the sagger is padded with corundum brick pads with the thickness of 200mm, and arc fire-blocking bricks are arranged around the sagger.
Preferably, the shade-drying time of the ceramic ball blank is 20-45 days to remove 70-80wt% of water in the ceramic ball blank; the drying temperature of the drying box is 100 ℃ and the drying time is 48 hours.
The beneficial technical effects of the invention are as follows:
(1) The sagger of the invention is filled with corundum sand, and ceramic balls are buried in the corundum sand during firing
The central position, the heat that flame produced in the kiln passes through the sagger and gives corundum sand, corundum sand accumulative heat forms the thermal field in the pottery ball outside, transfer heat in the pottery ball through the mode of heat conduction, make the pottery ball be heated evenly, and the heat can be with the quick transmission to the pottery ball center, make the temperature in pottery ball center can be close outside temperature fast, realize the quick balance of the inside and outside temperature of pottery ball, be difficult for appearing the circumstances that cracks appears because of inside and outside difference in temperature is too big, improve the yield that the jumbo size pottery ball fired by a wide margin, reduce the loss, improve the output of jumbo size pottery ball, satisfy market demand.
(2) The large-size ceramic balls are dried in the shade and steamed in a dry environment before being sintered
The method comprises the steps of sending out 70% -80% of water in the ceramic ball blank, further drying the residual water in the ceramic ball blank in a low-temperature baking mode, and placing the ceramic ball after preliminary drying into a sagger for sintering.
(3) The invention adopts strict heating and cooling curves when firing the large-size ceramic balls, is designed according to the characteristics of the large-size ceramic balls, prevents the balls from being heated too quickly and heated unevenly inside and outside in the heating process to cause cracking of the balls, and is beneficial to balancing the temperature of the outer part and the inner part of the balls and improving the firing quality of the large-size ceramic balls.
(4) The diameter of the ceramic sphere manufactured by the method is more than 200mm, and can reach 300mm, the firing yield of the ceramic sphere is more than 90%, and the ceramic sphere is at the advanced level in the industry.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the ceramic ball green body of the present invention enclosed in a sagger;
FIG. 2 is a schematic perspective view of a sagger and ceramic ball blank of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic perspective view of the outside of the sagger of the present invention with a firestop brick.
In the figure, 11 parts of ceramic ball green body, 12 parts of sagger, 13 parts of cover, 14 parts of corundum sand and 15 parts of arc fire-blocking brick.
Detailed Description
Referring to fig. 1-3, an embedding and firing method for large-size ceramic spheres comprises the following steps:
firstly, placing a ceramic ball blank body in a dry environment for natural drying in the shade, drying 70-80% (wt) of water in the ceramic ball blank body in the shade, and then placing the ceramic ball blank body in a drying box for further drying;
the natural shade drying time of the ceramic ball blank is 20-45 days, and the natural shade drying time can be properly adjusted according to seasons; if the drying time in the shade in summer is 15-20 days, 25-45 days in winter and about 20 days in spring and autumn, 70-80 (wt%) of the moisture in the ceramic ball can be dried; drying by adopting a drying box at 100 ℃ for 48 hours;
the natural drying and drying combined mode can well control the water loss speed in the ceramic balls, cracks on the balls caused by too fast water loss can be avoided, and the rate of finished products is improved.
Secondly, preparing a cylindrical corundum-mullite sagger in advance, paving a layer of corundum sand on the bottom of the corundum-mullite sagger, placing the dried ceramic ball blank in the middle of the sagger, and continuously filling the corundum sand into the sagger until the ceramic ball blank is buried in the center of the corundum sand; the corundum sand is used as a medium for accumulating and transferring heat, and the corundum sand around the ceramic ball can uniformly transfer heat to the ceramic ball, so that the ball is uniformly heated;
and thirdly, covering a sagger cover, putting the sagger into a kiln, heating gradually, and sintering at a high temperature of 1650 ℃.
The sintering is strictly carried out according to the following heating and cooling curves:
a heating stage, namely heating from room temperature to 300 ℃ in 40 hours, heating from 300 ℃ to 600 ℃ in 30 hours, heating from 600 ℃ to 950 ℃ in 23 hours, preserving heat for 2 hours, heating from 950 ℃ to 1250 ℃ in 10 hours, continuing heating, heating from 1250 ℃ to 1500 ℃ in 7 hours, heating from 1500 ℃ to 1650 ℃ in 6 hours, preserving heat for 5 hours;
in the cooling stage, the temperature is reduced from 1650 ℃ to 1350 ℃ in 10 hours, the temperature is reduced from 1350 ℃ to 950 ℃ in 7 hours, the kiln door is opened for about 10 minutes after the natural cooling to 200 ℃ is performed by closing fire, the kiln door is fully opened when the temperature is reduced to 150 ℃, a kiln car is pulled out after the kiln door is adapted to 2 hours, a sagger is opened after the kiln car is cooled to be convenient to take, the sintered ceramic balls are taken out, the ceramic balls below 100 ℃ can be adapted to room temperature, and the cracking caused by overlarge temperature difference is avoided.
As a preferred scheme, the volume of the cavity in the adopted sagger is at least twice that of the green body of the ceramic ball, enough space is reserved between the ceramic ball and the sagger for accommodating corundum sand, the thickness of the sagger and the cover is 40-50mm, the thickness is enough to support the corundum sand and the ceramic ball inside, and the heat transfer is uniform.
The corundum sand has a refractoriness of over 1800 ℃ and a corundum sand model of 100# -120#, and has small granularity, good heat storage and heat transfer effects, and is beneficial to heat transfer.
The thickness of the corundum sand paved at the bottom of the sagger is more than one third of the diameter of the ceramic ball blank body, so that the corundum sand with enough thickness is formed at the lower part of the ceramic ball blank body.
The bottom surface of the sagger is provided with a corundum brick pad with the thickness of 200mm, and the periphery of the sagger is provided with arc fire-blocking bricks which are used for blocking flames in the furnace body, so that the impact of the flames on the side wall of the sagger is avoided, the sagger can be protected, and the cracking and the damage of the sagger are avoided.
Claims (5)
1. The large-size ceramic sphere burying burning method is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
firstly, placing a ceramic ball blank body in a drying environment for natural drying in the shade, and then placing the ceramic ball blank body in a drying box for drying;
secondly, paving a layer of corundum-mullite sagger at the bottom of the corundum-mullite sagger, placing the dried ceramic ball blank in the middle of the sagger, continuously filling the corundum-mullite sagger with the corundum-mullite sagger, and burying the ceramic ball blank in the center of the corundum-mullite sagger;
thirdly, covering a sagger cover, putting the sagger into a kiln, gradually heating, and sintering at a high temperature of 1650 ℃;
the heating curve during the high-temperature sintering is as follows:
(1) And (3) heating: heating from room temperature, heating from room temperature to 300 ℃ in 40 hours, heating from 300 ℃ to 600 ℃ in 30 hours, heating from 600 ℃ to 950 ℃ in 23 hours, and preserving heat at 950 ℃ for 2 hours; continuously heating from 950 ℃ to 1250 ℃ within 10 hours, from 1250 ℃ to 1500 ℃ within 7 hours, from 1500 ℃ to 1650 ℃ within 6 hours, and preserving heat for 5 hours at 1650 ℃;
(2) And (3) a cooling stage: cooling from 1650 ℃ to 1350 ℃ in 10 hours, cooling from 1350 ℃ to 950 ℃ in 7 hours, closing fire at 950 ℃, naturally cooling to 200 ℃, opening a kiln door when the temperature is 200 ℃, fully opening the kiln door when the temperature is reduced to 150 ℃, and naturally cooling to normal temperature after 2 hours by pulling out a kiln car;
the bottom surface of the sagger is padded with corundum brick pads with the thickness of 200mm, and arc fire-blocking bricks are arranged around the sagger.
2. The method for burning large-size ceramic spheres according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the volume of the cavity in the sagger is two times larger than that of the ceramic ball blank body, and the thickness of the sagger and the cover are 40-50mm.
3. The method for burning large-size ceramic spheres according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the refractoriness of the corundum sand is more than or equal to 1800 ℃.
4. The method for burning large-size ceramic spheres according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the thickness of corundum sand at the bottom of the sagger is more than one third of the diameter of the ceramic ball blank.
5. The method for burning large-size ceramic spheres according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the shade-drying time of the ceramic ball blank is 20-45 days, so that 70-80wt% of water of the ceramic ball blank is removed; the drying temperature of the drying box is 100 ℃ and the drying time is 48 hours.
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| CN202210858591.0A CN115124355B (en) | 2022-07-21 | 2022-07-21 | Method for burying and burning large-size ceramic spheres |
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| CN202210858591.0A CN115124355B (en) | 2022-07-21 | 2022-07-21 | Method for burying and burning large-size ceramic spheres |
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| CN115124355B true CN115124355B (en) | 2023-09-01 |
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