CN115120092B - Electric kettle capable of preventing bottom from being corroded rapidly and corrosion preventing method - Google Patents
Electric kettle capable of preventing bottom from being corroded rapidly and corrosion preventing method Download PDFInfo
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- CN115120092B CN115120092B CN202210669611.XA CN202210669611A CN115120092B CN 115120092 B CN115120092 B CN 115120092B CN 202210669611 A CN202210669611 A CN 202210669611A CN 115120092 B CN115120092 B CN 115120092B
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- 238000005498 polishing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 238000005219 brazing Methods 0.000 claims description 34
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 claims description 23
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 claims description 22
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 14
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- 229910000963 austenitic stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
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- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 claims description 4
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A47—FURNITURE; DOMESTIC ARTICLES OR APPLIANCES; COFFEE MILLS; SPICE MILLS; SUCTION CLEANERS IN GENERAL
- A47J—KITCHEN EQUIPMENT; COFFEE MILLS; SPICE MILLS; APPARATUS FOR MAKING BEVERAGES
- A47J27/00—Cooking-vessels
- A47J27/21—Water-boiling vessels, e.g. kettles
- A47J27/21008—Water-boiling vessels, e.g. kettles electrically heated
- A47J27/21041—Water-boiling vessels, e.g. kettles electrically heated with heating elements arranged outside the water vessel
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A47—FURNITURE; DOMESTIC ARTICLES OR APPLIANCES; COFFEE MILLS; SPICE MILLS; SUCTION CLEANERS IN GENERAL
- A47J—KITCHEN EQUIPMENT; COFFEE MILLS; SPICE MILLS; APPARATUS FOR MAKING BEVERAGES
- A47J36/00—Parts, details or accessories of cooking-vessels
- A47J36/02—Selection of specific materials, e.g. heavy bottoms with copper inlay or with insulating inlay
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23P—METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; COMBINED OPERATIONS; UNIVERSAL MACHINE TOOLS
- B23P15/00—Making specific metal objects by operations not covered by a single other subclass or a group in this subclass
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/20—Recycling
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Cookers (AREA)
- Heat Treatment Of Articles (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses an electric kettle capable of preventing bottom from being corroded rapidly and a corrosion preventing method. The method for preventing corrosion effectively avoids intergranular corrosion phenomena caused by embedded oxide, tissue refinement and high residual compressive stress at local high temperature by screening initial specific surface morphology, changing the arrangement mode and welding flow of an electric heating tube and leveling and polishing pressure and depth, and improves the overall corrosion resistance and mass production stability. The invention can provide high-quality, healthy and safe electrical products for the masses and is beneficial to the life health development of the masses.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of metal corrosion prevention, and particularly relates to an electric kettle capable of preventing bottom from being corroded rapidly and a corrosion preventing method.
Background
People need to ingest a large amount of water every day, and consumers often place the drinking safety of the electric kettle on the first place, and focus on selecting safe products with good corrosion effects. At present, the inner wall of an electric kettle is generally made of food-grade austenitic stainless steel, and the inter-crystal corrosion phenomenon is one of common corrosion forms. The inter-crystal corrosion is caused by that at high temperature, the diffusion speed of chromium along the crystal boundary is higher than that of chromium in the crystal boundary, chromium carbide can be precipitated at the crystal boundary, the nearby chromium content is reduced, the inter-crystal corrosion sensitivity is improved, and the overall corrosion performance is reduced, so that the water body is polluted by rust.
However, in the production or mass production process of the electric kettle, the safety of the original plate and the leaching rate of harmful substances are always paid priority to, and the influence of the surface micro-morphology on the amplification of the corrosion effect in the subsequent production process is ignored. The welding mode and the sequence and the arrangement of the electric heating pipes are unreasonable, the welding line flattening and polishing processes are unreasonable, so that embedded oxides and microstructures are thinned and excessive residual stress is introduced, and the intergranular corrosion sensitivity is rapidly improved under high-power local high temperature, so that the stability of the mass-produced electric heating kettle is poor, the corrosion performance of the electric heating kettle is seriously affected, and the health of people is endangered.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above-mentioned drawbacks of the prior art, the present invention is directed to an electric kettle and a method for preventing corrosion, which can improve the corrosion resistance and stability of the electric kettle, and prevent the bottom from being corroded rapidly.
The technical scheme provided by the invention is as follows:
an electric kettle capable of preventing bottom from being corroded rapidly is a seamless liner type kettle, and comprises a food-grade austenitic stainless steel straight barrel kettle body, a heat conducting plate, a heating pipe, a temperature control module and a heat insulation shell.
A method for preventing the bottom of an electric kettle from being corroded rapidly, comprising the following steps:
s1, selecting a plate:
cutting a sample from the same batch of food grade austenitic stainless steel plates, observing the sample through an electronic scanning electron microscope with a certain multiple, selecting a steel plate with a specific shape according to a display image, dividing the steel plate into small plates required by a kettle body, rolling the small plates and welding a cylinder, and finally, cleaning the bottom after stamping and forming;
s2, heat pipe arrangement and integral welding:
selecting parameters, quantity and arrangement positions of heating pipes according to the power of the electric kettle, then brazing the heating pipes with the heat conducting plates and the cleaned molded straight barrel kettle body respectively, and finally welding the molded straight barrel kettle body and the heat conducting plates through plasma welding;
s3, leveling and polishing:
the welding seam formed after plasma welding is flattened by adopting a mechanical rolling or cutting mode, then the inner wall and the bottom formed by the straight cylinder forming kettle body and the heat conducting plate are polished and brightened by certain parameters, and finally the welding seam is scrubbed by adopting cloth and then dried.
Further, the austenitic stainless steel is one of SUS304, SUS316 and SUS321, and meets the latest national food grade standard GB/T4806.9-2016.
Further, the cutting positions of the sample in the step S1 are four corners of a food-grade stainless steel plate, and the size of the sample is 1-16 cm 2 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the In the process of cutting the sample, oil and other chemical reagent pollution needs to be avoided, and after cutting, ultrasonic waves and absolute ethyl alcohol are adopted to clean for 10-30 min, and then the sample is dried.
Further, the amplification factor in the step S1 is 500-5000 times; the specific topography standard is that pit or grain boundary ravines are not allowed to appear.
Further, in the step S2, the power of the single electric heating tube is 200-1000W;
further, in the step S2, the power of the electric heating tube is 200-1000W;
further, the heat pipe arrangement manner in step S2 is as follows:
when the power of the electric kettle is less than or equal to 1000W, a single or a plurality of heat pipes can be used for combined brazing;
when the power of the electric kettle is more than 1000W, only a plurality of heat pipes can be used for combined brazing;
the distance between the electric heating tube and the plasma welding position is more than or equal to 4mm.
Further, the brazing type in the step S2 is gas protection brazing and vacuum protection brazing; the brazing temperature is 420-450 ℃ or 760-800 ℃; the brazing time is 5-25 min;
further, the gas used for the gas shielded brazing is one or a mixture of ammonia, nitrogen and hydrogen;
further, when the brazing temperature is 420-460 ℃, the material of the heat conducting plate 2 is aluminum or aluminum-containing composite bottom; when the brazing temperature is 760-800 ℃, the material of the heat conducting plate is copper or copper-containing composite bottom.
Further, in the step S2, the welding speed of the plasma welding is more than or equal to 120mm/min; the width of the plasma welding seam is less than or equal to 6mm.
Further, the mechanical rolling pressure in the step S3 is 0.3-0.6Mpa, the rolling pass is 2-30 times, and the rolling wheel and the kettle bottom are blown clean by an air gun before rolling.
Further, the cutting mode in the step S3 takes the plane formed by the heat-conducting plate and the straight cylinder kettle body as the reference, and the cutting depth is 0-0.2mm.
Further, the bottom polishing depth in the step S3 is 0.25-0.80 mm, and the bottom surface roughness Ra is less than or equal to 0.4.
The invention has at least the following beneficial effects:
1. according to the invention, through reasonable welding conditions, arrangement of the electric heating tube and polishing and leveling, oxide embedding, excessive refinement of tissues and high internal residual stress are avoided, and the phenomenon of intergranular corrosion caused by the local high-temperature phenomenon of the electric heating tube under high power is avoided.
2. According to the invention, the food-grade austenitic stainless steel with the specific surface morphology is optimized, so that the further influence of subsequent processing on the corrosion deterioration effect is reduced, the overall corrosion resistance of the electric kettle is improved, and the stability of mass production is improved.
3. The production method is simple and feasible, does not need to damage samples in the follow-up process, saves the cost and is extremely easy to popularize. Provides high-quality, corrosion-resistant and safe electrical products for the national people in China, and has important significance for the life health development of people.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view showing the external structure and the assembly structure of an electric kettle for preventing rapid corrosion of the bottom part in the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a 500-fold enlarged view of step S1 in example 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view showing the arrangement position of the electrothermal tube in step S2 in embodiment 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram showing the arrangement position of the electrothermal tube in step S2 in embodiment 2 of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a 500-fold enlarged view of step S1 of comparative example 1 in the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic view showing the arrangement position of the electric heating tube in the step S2 of comparative example 2 in the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a 5000-fold enlarged view of the comparative example 2 of the present invention after the treatment of step S2;
FIG. 8 is a 200-time magnification of the comparative example 3 of the present invention after the S3 step treatment.
In the figure: 1. a food-grade austenitic stainless steel kettle body; 2. a heat conductive plate; 3. heating pipes; 4. a control module; 5. a heat insulating housing; 6.
welding seams; 71. a first electric heating tube; 72. a second electric heating tube; 73. a third electric heating tube; 74. a fourth electric heating tube; 75. and a fifth electric heating tube.
Detailed Description
The following examples of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to fig. 1 to 8, and the following examples are provided by carrying out the technical scheme of the present invention, and the detailed implementation and specific operation procedures are given, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited to the following examples.
Examples
The embodiment of the invention provides an electric kettle capable of preventing bottom from being corroded rapidly and a method for preventing corrosion, wherein the electric kettle is shown in figure 1 and comprises a food-grade austenitic stainless steel straight kettle body 1, a heat conducting plate 2, a heating pipe 3, a control module 4 and a heat insulation shell 5.
The food grade austenitic stainless steel selected for use in the embodiments of the present invention was SUS304 steel, and the chemical composition thereof is shown in table 1.
TABLE 1 SUS304 Steel content of ingredients
| Element(s) | C | Cr | Ni | Mn | Si | P | S | Cu |
| Actual measurement value | 0.06 | 18.5 | 8.29 | 1.02 | 0.39 | 0.04 | 0.005 | 0.22 |
Example 1
The embodiment specifically provides an electric kettle and a method for preventing rapid corrosion of the bottom of the electric kettle, the structure of the electric kettle is shown in fig. 1, and the method comprises the following steps:
s1: cutting a sample from a food grade SUS304 austenitic stainless steel plate at the lower right corner of the steel plate, wherein the area of the sample is 4cm 2 Cutting in an oil-free environment without chemical reagent pollution, cleaning with ultrasonic waves and absolute ethyl alcohol for 20min after cutting, and drying;
this was observed in an electron scanning microscope at 500 x magnification and the image was displayed as shown in fig. 2. According to the image result, the surface morphology of the steel plate has no obvious pits and grain boundary ravines, the steel plate is divided into small plates required by the kettle body 1, then the small plates are rolled and welded into cylinders, and finally the bottoms are punched and formed and then cleaned;
s2: the target power of the electric kettle is 1800W, a 1000W second electric heating tube 72 and an 800W first electric heating tube 71 are selected to be connected in parallel, and the arrangement mode is shown in figure 3. Wherein, the second electric heating tube 72 with 1000W and the formed straight cylinder kettle body 1 are subjected to gas shielded brazing, nitrogen is selected as gas, the brazing temperature is 790 ℃, the brazing time is 10min, and the distance between the second electric heating tube 72 and the plasma welding position is 4mm; the first electric heating tube of 800W is subjected to gas shielded brazing with the aluminum heat conducting plate 2, nitrogen is selected as gas, the brazing temperature is 440 ℃, the brazing time is 15min, and the distance between the electric heating tube and the plasma welding position is 4mm;
finally, welding the formed straight cylinder kettle body 1 and the aluminum heat-conducting plate 2 through plasma welding, wherein the welding speed is 150mm/min; the weld width after plasma welding was 4.5mm.
S3, leveling the welded seam after plasma welding in a cutting mode, wherein the cutting depth is 0.1mm based on a plane formed by the heat conducting plate 2 and the straight cylinder kettle body 1;
the surface color of the brazed product is dull, the inner wall and the bottom of the straight cylinder molding kettle body 1 and the heat conducting plate 2 are required to be polished and brightened by adopting a polishing tool, wherein the polishing depth of the bottom is 0.4mm, the polished surface roughness is Ra0.2, and finally the polished product is scrubbed by adopting cloth and then dried.
Example 2
The electric kettle for preventing rapid bottom corrosion and the method for preventing corrosion provided in this embodiment are basically the same as those in embodiment 1, except that:
s1: cutting a sample from a food grade SUS304 austenitic stainless steel plate at the lower right corner of the steel plate, wherein the area of the sample is 4cm 2 Cutting in an oil-free environment without chemical reagent pollution, cleaning with ultrasonic waves and absolute ethyl alcohol for 20min after cutting, and drying;
this was observed in an electron scanning microscope at 500 x magnification and the image was displayed as shown in fig. 2. According to the image result, the surface morphology of the steel plate has no obvious pits and grain boundary ravines, the steel plate is divided into small plates required by the kettle body 1, then the small plates are rolled and welded into cylinders, and finally the bottoms are punched and formed and then cleaned;
s2: the 800W and 1000W electric heating pipes are all in gas shielded brazing with the aluminum heat conducting plate 2, and the arrangement mode is shown in figure 4. The gas is nitrogen, the brazing temperature is 440 ℃, the brazing time is 15min, and the distance between the third electric heating tube 73 and the plasma welding position is 4mm;
finally, welding the formed straight cylinder kettle body 1 and the aluminum heat-conducting plate 2 through plasma welding, wherein the welding speed is 190mm/min; the width of the welded seam after plasma welding is 3.8mm;
s3: leveling the welded seam after plasma welding in a mechanical rolling mode, blowing out a rolling wheel and a kettle bottom by an air gun before rolling, wherein the rolling pressure is 0.4Mpa, and the rolling pass is 5 times.
Comparative example 1
The difference between this comparative example and example 1 is that:
s1, cutting and placing the obtained product in an electron scanning microscope for observation, wherein the magnification is 500 times, and a display image is shown in FIG. 5. According to the image result, the surface appearance of the steel plate has more pits and grain boundary ravines, but the steel plate is still divided into small plates required by the kettle body, the small plates are rolled and welded into cylinders, and finally the bottoms are punched and formed and then cleaned;
comparative example 2
The difference between this comparative example and example 1 is that:
s2, selecting a fifth electric heating tube 75 with 1800W and the target power of the electric heating kettle is 1800W. Firstly welding the straight-tube hot water kettle body 1 with the aluminum heat conducting plate 2 in an argon arc welding mode, wherein the welding speed is 110mm/min; then, the fifth electric heating tube 75 is placed on the bottom argon arc welding seam position for gas shielded brazing (as shown in fig. 6), wherein the brazing temperature is 550 ℃, and the brazing time is 15min.
Comparative example 3
The difference between this comparative example and example 2 is that:
s3, leveling the welded seam after plasma welding in a mechanical rolling mode, blowing the rolling wheel and the kettle bottom clean without using an air gun before rolling, wherein the rolling pressure is 0.7Mpa, and the rolling pass is 12 times. The surface color of the brazed product is dull, the inner wall and the bottom of the straight cylinder molding kettle body and the heat conducting plate are required to be polished and brightened by adopting a polishing tool, wherein the polishing depth of the bottom is 0.1mm, the polished surface roughness is Ra0.8, and finally the polished product is scrubbed by adopting cloth and then dried.
The results of the use tests of examples 1 to 2 and comparative examples 1 to 3 are shown in Table 2, wherein the test method is to carry out repeated boiling test using tap water loaded in an electric kettle.
TABLE 2 use of test results
| Number of tests | Results | Remarks | |
| Example 1 | 2500 | No corrosion | No corrosion phenomenon |
| Example 2 | 2500 | No corrosion | No corrosion phenomenon |
| Comparative example 1 | 245 | Rust formation | Corrosion occurs near the weld |
| Comparative example 2 | 61 | Rust formation | Corrosion occurs near the weld |
| Comparative example 3 | 173 | Rust formation | Corrosion occurs near the weld |
As can be seen from Table 2, the electric kettles of examples 1-2 had better corrosion performance and longer life. The electric kettles produced in comparative examples 1 to 3 were not much different from those in examples in terms of appearance and use in a short period of time, but were relatively poor in stability and uneven in product life.
In comparative example 1, the surface morphology of step S1 showed many pits and grain boundary ravines, and the effect of deterioration of corrosion performance was amplified after the subsequent molding, welding, and leveling polishing, so that it was necessary to select a steel sheet having a specific surface morphology.
In the step S2 of comparative example 2, the straight cylinder kettle body 1 and the heat conducting plate 2 are welded by argon arc welding to generate obvious structure refinement and deformation bands (as shown in fig. 7), and then the fifth electric heating tube 75 and the welded whole are brazed at the sensitization temperature, so that the intergranular corrosion sensitivity of the electric heating tube is greatly increased, and the high-power electric heating tube is just positioned at the welding seam, so that the intergranular corrosion phenomenon is caused by local overheating. Therefore, plasma welding with higher welding speed and small stress deformation is needed, and meanwhile, the welding sequence of each component is ensured, and the arrangement position of the heat pipe is adjusted to avoid the phenomenon.
The excessive flattening pressure and excessive passes of the weld joint in step S3 of comparative example 3 also implant a large amount of residual compressive stress, inducing intergranular corrosion at high temperatures. In addition, the pressing wheel and the kettle bottom are not blown clean by an air gun before leveling treatment, and the defect of insufficient polishing depth and roughness can cause invasion of foreign matters oxide to change the corrosion capacity of the foreign matters oxide.
The electric kettle and the corrosion prevention method thereof provided by the embodiment of the invention effectively avoid intergranular corrosion phenomena caused by embedded oxide, tissue refinement and high residual compressive stress at local high temperature by screening initial specific surface morphology, changing the arrangement mode and welding flow of the electric heating pipes and leveling and polishing pressure and depth, and improve the overall corrosion resistance and mass production stability. The invention can provide high-quality, healthy and safe electrical products for the masses and is beneficial to the life health development of the masses.
The foregoing describes in detail preferred embodiments of the present invention. It should be understood that numerous modifications and variations can be made in accordance with the concepts of the invention without requiring creative effort by one of ordinary skill in the art. Therefore, all technical solutions which can be obtained by logic analysis, reasoning or limited experiments based on the prior art by a person skilled in the art according to the inventive concept shall be within the scope of protection defined by the claims.
Claims (3)
1. A method for preventing rapid corrosion of the bottom of an electric kettle, comprising the steps of:
s1, selecting a plate:
cutting a sample from the same batch of food grade austenitic stainless steel plates, observing the sample through an electronic scanning electron microscope, dividing the steel plates into small plates, rolling and welding the small plates into cylinders, and finally, cleaning the bottom after stamping and forming;
s2, arranging and integrally welding heating pipes (3):
firstly, respectively brazing the heating pipe (3) and the heat conducting plate (2) with the cleaned molded straight barrel kettle body (1), and finally, welding the molded straight barrel kettle body and the heat conducting plate (2) through plasma welding;
s3, leveling and polishing:
leveling a welding line (6) formed after plasma welding by adopting a mechanical rolling or cutting mode, polishing and brightening the inner wall and the bottom formed by the formed straight cylinder kettle body (1) and the heat conducting plate, and finally scrubbing the welding line by adopting cloth and then drying the welding line;
the cutting positions of the samples in the step S1 are four corners of a food-grade stainless steel plate, and the sizes of the samples are 1-16 cm; in the process of cutting the sample, oil and other chemical reagent pollution needs to be avoided, and after cutting, ultrasonic waves and absolute ethyl alcohol are adopted to clean for 10-30 min, and then drying is carried out;
in the step S2, the power of a single heating pipe is 200-1000W;
the arrangement mode of the heating pipes in the step S2 is as follows:
when the power of the electric kettle is not more than 1000W, adopting a single or a plurality of heating pipes (3) for combined brazing;
when the power of the electric kettle is more than 1000W, only a plurality of heating pipes (3) are used for combined brazing;
the distance between the heating pipe and the plasma welding position is not less than 4mm;
in the step S2, the welding speed of the plasma welding is not less than 120mm/min; the width of the welding seam of the plasma welding is not more than 6mm;
the brazing types in the step S2 are gas protection brazing and vacuum protection brazing; the brazing temperature is 420-450 ℃ or 760-800 ℃; the brazing time is 5-25 min;
wherein, the gas used for the gas shielded brazing is one or a mixture of ammonia, nitrogen and hydrogen;
wherein, when the brazing temperature is 420 ℃ to 450 ℃, the material of the heat conducting plate (2) is aluminum or aluminum-containing composite bottom; when the brazing temperature is 760-800 ℃, the material of the heat conducting plate (2) is copper or a copper-containing composite bottom;
the mechanical rolling pressure in the step S3 is 0.3-0.6Mpa, the rolling pass is 2-30 times, and the rolling wheel and the kettle bottom are blown clean by an air gun before rolling;
the cutting mode in the step S3 takes a plane formed by the heat-conducting plate and the formed straight cylinder kettle body (1) as a reference, and the cutting depth is 0-0.2mm; the polishing depth of the bottom is 0.25-0.80 mm, and the surface roughness Ra of the bottom is not more than 0.4.
2. The method for preventing rapid corrosion of a bottom of an electric kettle according to claim 1, wherein: the austenitic stainless steel is one of SUS304, SUS316, and SUS 321.
3. The method for preventing rapid corrosion of a bottom of an electric kettle according to claim 1, wherein: the amplification factor of the electronic scanning electron microscope in the step S1 is 500-5000 times; the platelets have a specific morphology, the criteria being that pit or grain boundary ravines are not allowed.
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| CN214510765U (en) * | 2021-01-11 | 2021-10-29 | 湖北工业大学 | Electric kettle capable of controlling temperature |
| CN216166869U (en) * | 2021-08-24 | 2022-04-05 | 冯瑞彩 | Anti-scalding environment-friendly electric kettle |
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| CN2671283Y (en) * | 2003-12-12 | 2005-01-12 | 何厚平 | Stainless steel heatnig disk of liquid electric heater |
| CN202191173U (en) * | 2011-08-12 | 2012-04-18 | 杭州热威机电有限公司 | Structure of electric heating cup |
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