CN115117192A - 一种三维视觉神经形态忆阻器及其制备方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开一种三维视觉神经形态忆阻器及其制备方法。该三维视觉神经形态忆阻器包括:衬底;下部阻挡层,形成在所述衬底上;第一电极,形成在所述下部阻挡层上;上部阻挡层,形成在所述第一电极上;凹槽结构,贯穿所述上部阻挡层、所述第一电极和所述下部阻挡层,使部分硅衬底表面露出;忆阻功能层,其为氧化物异质结,形成在上述器件结构上;第二电极,其为透明电极,形成在所述凹槽结构中,通过对器件施加光激励信号,利用氧化物异质结的光响应,实现光学信息采集,进行电导调制,完成神经形态计算与存储功能。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及属于半导体技术领域,具体涉及一种三维视觉神经形态忆阻器及其制备方法,适合于高密度仿生视觉忆阻器件阵列的集成与应用。
背景技术
随着集成电路的发展,产业界对高密度集成的芯片需求日益增加。尽管器件的尺寸在不断微缩以实现高密度的集成,但小尺寸下器件面临的漏电流等问题限制了器件的性能和进一步微缩。开发新型结构的三维电子器件以提高芯片的空间利用率,是获得高密度集成的重要路径。
受到人脑高效存算模式的启发,神经形态忆阻器件逐渐得到重视与发展。利用电压的激励可以实现具有记忆效应的电阻状态的可控调节,模拟人脑中生物突触的权重更迭过程,对于信息的高效计算至关重要。这种高效的计算模式可以将计算结果直接原位保存,避免数据频繁地在存储单元与计算单元间移动,极大程度地提高了计算效率,降低了系统功耗。
虽然数据的存储与计算功能可以通过神经形态忆阻器在同一器件单元中完成,但是数据的采集仍然需要借助单独的传感器才可进行。来自传感器的信息往往也需要通过数模转换器等模块转换后才可传递至计算单元进行处理,这一过程同样需要耗费大量功耗、降低系统的效率。人眼视觉系统作为一种高效的多功能系统,可以帮助人类采集80%的外界环境信息,实现高效的数据采集与处理。受到视觉系统的启发,开发人工视觉神经形态器件对于提高系统的信息采集、处理与存储的集成化与高效化具有重要意义,已成为新的发展浪潮。
发明内容
本发明公开一种三维视觉神经形态忆阻器,包括:衬底;下部阻挡层,形成在所述衬底上;第一电极,形成在所述下部阻挡层上;上部阻挡层,形成在所述第一电极上;凹槽结构,贯穿所述上部阻挡层、所述第一电极和所述下部阻挡层,使部分硅衬底表面露出;忆阻功能层,其为氧化物异质结,形成在上述器件结构上;第二电极,其为透明电极,形成在所述凹槽结构中,通过对器件施加光激励信号,利用氧化物异质结的光响应,实现光学信息采集,进行电导调制,完成神经形态计算与存储功能。
本发明的三维视觉神经形态忆阻器中,优选为,所述忆阻功能层为ZnO、NiO、Ta2O5、InO2、SnO2、HfO2、ZrO2、Al2O3之间任意两者的组合。
本发明的三维视觉神经形态忆阻器中,优选为,所述第一电极为Ti,Pt,Ta,Ni,Al。
本发明的三维视觉神经形态忆阻器中,优选为,所述下部阻挡层、所述上部阻挡层为SiO2,Al3O2,TiO2,Ta2O5。
本发明的三维视觉神经形态忆阻器中,优选为,所述第二电极为ITO、AZO、FTO。
本发明还公开一种三维视觉神经形态忆阻器制备方法,包括以下步骤:在衬底上形成下部阻挡层;在所述下部阻挡层上形成第一电极;在所述第一电极上形成上部阻挡层;对所述上部阻挡层、所述第一电极和所述下部阻挡层进行刻蚀,使部分硅衬底表面露出形成凹槽结构;在上述器件结构上形成氧化物异质结作为忆阻功能层;在所述凹槽结构中形成透明电极作为第二电极,通过对器件施加光激励信号,利用氧化物异质结的光响应,实现光学信息采集,进行电导调制,完成神经形态计算与存储功能。
本发明的三维视觉神经形态忆阻器制备方法中,优选为,所述忆阻功能层为ZnO、NiO、Ta2O5、InO2、SnO2、HfO2、ZrO2、Al2O3之间任意两者的组合。
本发明的三维视觉神经形态忆阻器制备方法中,优选为,所述第一电极为Ti,Pt,Ta,Ni,Al。
本发明的三维视觉神经形态忆阻器制备方法中,优选为,所述下部阻挡层、所述上部阻挡层为SiO2,Al3O2,TiO2,Ta2O5。
本发明的三维视觉神经形态忆阻器制备方法中,优选为,所述第二电极为ITO、AZO、FTO。
有益效果:
(1)打破传统的平面型集成的器件结构,设计具有高效空间利用率的凹槽型三维器件结构,使得芯片的集成密度更高,节省芯片的面积,非常适合于神经形态计算芯片的高密度集成。而且光信号的集中度更高,更适合高灵敏、低成本的光感神经形态计算。
(2)采用神经形态忆阻器代替传统的存储与计算模块,借助神经形态器高效的类脑计算方式以及忆阻器的高速响应特点,节省了芯片的能耗,提高了芯片的计算效率,为高能效电子器件的发展提供了新的方向。
(3)利用氧化物异质结优异的光响应设计人工视网膜器件,通过构建人工视网膜的方式实现高效的光学信息采集、处理与计算,避免了信息在不同单元间的转换与传递,可以最大程度地提高效率,降低信息频繁移动带来的功耗,为人工视觉系统的构建奠定了重要基础。
附图说明
图1是三维视觉神经形态忆阻器制备方法的流程图。
图2~图7是三维视觉神经形态忆阻器制备方法各阶段的结构示意图。
图8是三维视觉神经形态忆阻器的截面图。
图9是三维视觉神经形态忆阻器的运行原理示意图。
具体实施方式
为了使本发明的目的、技术方案及优点更加清楚明白,下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图,对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述,应当理解,此处所描述的具体实施例仅用以解释本发明,并不用于限定本发明。所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例,而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例,本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其它实施例,都属于本发明保护的范围。
在本发明的描述中,需要说明的是,术语“上”、“下”、“垂直”“水平”等指示的方位或位置关系为基于附图所示的方位或位置关系,仅是为了便于描述本发明和简化描述,而不是指示或暗示所指的装置或元件必须具有特定的方位、以特定的方位构造和操作,因此不能理解为对本发明的限制。此外,术语“第一”、“第二”仅用于描述目的,而不能理解为指示或暗示相对重要性。
此外,在下文中描述了本发明的许多特定的细节,例如器件的结构、材料、尺寸、处理工艺和技术,以便更清楚地理解本发明。但正如本领域的技术人员能够理解的那样,可以不按照这些特定的细节来实现本发明。除非在下文中特别指出,器件中的各个部分可以由本领域的技术人员公知的材料构成,或者可以采用将来开发的具有类似功能的材料。
图1是三维视觉神经形态忆阻器制备方法的流程图。如图1所示,三维视觉神经形态忆阻器制备方法包括以下步骤:
在步骤S1中,准备低掺硅作为衬底100制备三维视觉神经形态忆阻器件。衬底还可以是SOI衬底、玻璃、SiC等。
在步骤S2中,利用物理气相沉积在衬底100上制备厚度为10nm~30nm的下部阻挡层SiO2101,如图2所示。阻挡层材料也可以是Al3O2,TiO2,Ta2O5等氧化物。
在步骤S3中,利用物理气相沉积在下部阻挡层101上制备厚度为10nm~50nm的第一电极102,如图3所示。第一电极材料优选为Ti,Pt,Ta,Ni,Al等。
在步骤S4中,利用物理气相沉积在第一电极102上制备厚度为10nm~30nm的上部阻挡层SiO2103,如图4所示。阻挡层的材料还可以是Al3O2,TiO2,Ta2O5等氧化物。
在步骤S5中,分别利用CF4、Ar、CF4作为刻蚀气体对部分上部阻挡层SiO2103、第一电极102和下部阻挡层SiO2101进行刻蚀,使衬底露出,获得凹槽结构,如图5所示。其中,刻蚀功率优选为500W,范围可取200W~550W;刻蚀气体流量优选为60sccm,范围可取40sccm~80sccm;刻蚀时间优选为5分钟,范围可取4分钟~10分钟。
在步骤S6中,利用原子层沉积方法在上述结构上生长10nm/10nm的ZnO/HfO2异质结作为具有光电响应的忆阻功能层104,如图6所示。ZnO薄膜厚度优选为10nm,范围可取5nm~20nm;HfO2薄膜厚度优选为10nm,范围可取5nm~20nm。异质结材料可以是ZnO、NiO、Ta2O5、InO2、SnO2、HfO2、ZrO2、Al2O3等之间任意两者的组合。
在步骤S7中,利用物理气相沉积在凹槽结构中的忆阻功能层104上沉积厚度为10nm~30nm的透明电极作为第二电极105,如图7所示。透明电极材料优选为ITO、AZO、FTO等具有导电特性的透明氧化物薄膜。
如图7~图9所示,三维视觉神经形态忆阻器包括:衬底100;下部阻挡层101,形成在衬底100上;第一电极102,形成在下部阻挡层101上;上部阻挡层102,形成在第一电极102上;凹槽结构,贯穿上部阻挡层103、第一电极102和下部阻挡层101,使部分硅衬底100表面露出;忆阻功能层104,其为氧化物异质结,形成在上述器件结构上;第二电极105,其为透明电极,形成在凹槽结构中,通过对器件施加光激励信号,利用氧化物异质结的光响应,实现光学信息采集,进行电导调制,完成神经形态计算与存储功能。
图9是三维视觉神经形态忆阻器的运行原理示意图。如图9所示,通过向器件施加连续的光学脉冲,可以改变器件的电流,从而实现光学信号的采集记录。借助器件的非易失性特性,记录到的电流信号可以被长时间存储在器件中,实现存储功能。同时,器件的电流在光脉冲的刺激下得到连续的调控,实现类似于人脑中神经突触的权重更迭过程,从而实现神经形态计算。
以上所述,仅为本发明的具体实施方式,但本发明的保护范围并不局限于此,任何熟悉本技术领域的技术人员在本发明揭露的技术范围内,可轻易想到的变化或替换,都应涵盖在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (10)
1.一种三维视觉神经形态忆阻器,其特征在于,
包括:
衬底;
下部阻挡层,形成在所述衬底上;
第一电极,形成在所述下部阻挡层上;
上部阻挡层,形成在所述第一电极上;
凹槽结构,贯穿所述上部阻挡层、所述第一电极和所述下部阻挡层,使部分硅衬底表面露出;
忆阻功能层,其为氧化物异质结,形成在上述器件结构上;
第二电极,其为透明电极,形成在所述凹槽结构中,
通过对器件施加光激励信号,利用氧化物异质结的光响应,实现光学信息采集,进行电导调制,完成神经形态计算与存储功能。
2.根据权利要求1所述的三维视觉神经形态忆阻器,其特征在于,
所述忆阻功能层为ZnO、NiO、Ta2O5、InO2、SnO2、HfO2、ZrO2、Al2O3之间任意两者的组合。
3.根据权利要求1所述的三维视觉神经形态忆阻器,其特征在于,
所述第一电极为Ti,Pt,Ta,Ni,Al。
4.根据权利要求1所述的三维视觉神经形态忆阻器,其特征在于,
所述下部阻挡层、所述上部阻挡层为SiO2,Al3O2,TiO2,Ta2O5。
5.根据权利要求1所述的三维视觉神经形态忆阻器,其特征在于,
所述第二电极为ITO、AZO、FTO。
6.一种三维视觉神经形态忆阻器制备方法,其特征在于,
包括以下步骤:
在衬底上形成下部阻挡层;
在所述下部阻挡层上形成第一电极;
在所述第一电极上形成上部阻挡层;
对所述上部阻挡层、所述第一电极和所述下部阻挡层进行刻蚀,使部分硅衬底表面露出形成凹槽结构;
在上述器件结构上形成氧化物异质结作为忆阻功能层;
在所述凹槽结构中形成透明电极作为第二电极,
通过对器件施加光激励信号,利用氧化物异质结的光响应,实现光学信息采集,进行电导调制,完成神经形态计算与存储功能。
7.根据权利要求6所述的三维视觉神经形态忆阻器制备方法,其特征在于,
所述忆阻功能层为ZnO、NiO、Ta2O5、InO2、SnO2、HfO2、ZrO2、Al2O3之间任意两者的组合。
8.根据权利要求6所述的三维视觉神经形态忆阻器制备方法,其特征在于,
所述第一电极为Ti,Pt,Ta,Ni,Al。
9.根据权利要求6所述的三维视觉神经形态忆阻器制备方法,其特征在于,
所述下部阻挡层、所述上部阻挡层为SiO2,Al3O2,TiO2,Ta2O5。
10.根据权利要求6所述的三维视觉神经形态忆阻器制备方法,其特征在于,
所述第二电极为ITO、AZO、FTO。
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