CN115115234A - Water system connectivity evaluation method - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention provides a water system connectivity evaluation method, and relates to the field of water resources. The method can segment the main river channels of the target river basin, quantitatively evaluate the connectivity of the river by considering the blocking effect of a water blocking building on the river, analyze the connectivity level of different river sections of each main river channel, input the evaluation result into a river basin water system diagram to draw a connectivity evaluation diagram, visually reflect the situation of the river connectivity, analyze the influence effect of a hydropower station on the river blocking, and enhance the accuracy of the evaluation on the water area connectivity.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of water resources, in particular to a water system connectivity evaluation method.
Background
The river longitudinal connectivity is mainly expressed by the diversity of the features of maintaining the landform of the river, including the longitudinal continuity of the river, the lateral connectivity of a river flood area, the diversity of river bed sections, the diversity of bank slope materials and bank side vegetation structures and the like. After the reservoir is built, the natural water flow process is changed, and the connectivity of a water system is influenced. The river, lake and water system communication is a great requirement for national river treatment, and is an urgent requirement for realizing sustainable utilization of water resources and human water and harmonious water.
The inventor researches and discovers that the conventional research methods for communication of river, lake and water systems mainly adopt graph theory, comprehensive index method, function method and the like, but most of the methods are aimed at the whole river network and water system, the influence of a water retaining building on the communication is simple in consideration, the actual effect of the water retaining building on water quantity obstruction is not fully quantified, and the accuracy of evaluation on the water area communication is low.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a water system connectivity evaluation method, which can segment each river channel, quantitatively evaluate the connectivity of the river channel by considering the blocking effect of a water blocking building on the river, analyze the connectivity level of different river channels, input the evaluation result into a watershed water system diagram to draw a connectivity evaluation diagram, visually reflect the situation of the river connectivity, analyze the influence effect of a hydropower station on the river blocking and enhance the accuracy of the water area connectivity evaluation.
Embodiments of the invention may be implemented as follows:
in a first aspect, the present invention provides a water system connectivity evaluation method including:
dividing a plurality of sub-watersheds of a target watershed, acquiring a plurality of nodes of a main riverway of the target watershed according to the sub-watersheds, and dividing the main riverway into a plurality of river segments;
acquiring first flow data of each node and second flow data of a water retaining building;
acquiring a connectivity index of each river reach according to the first flow data and the second flow data of each node;
grading the connectivity index, and evaluating the connectivity of each river reach;
and drawing a connectivity result graph of the target basin according to the connectivity of each sub basin.
In an optional embodiment, the step of dividing a plurality of sub-watersheds of the target watershed, obtaining a plurality of nodes of a main river channel of the target watershed according to the sub-watersheds, and dividing the main river channel into a plurality of river segments includes:
acquiring a target drainage basin digital elevation file;
extracting a target watershed water system from the digital elevation file through an HEC-geo HMS plug-in Arc GIS software;
and acquiring the characteristic value of the target watershed.
In an optional embodiment, the step of dividing a plurality of sub-watersheds of the target watershed, and obtaining a plurality of nodes of the main river channel of the target watershed according to the sub-watersheds to divide the main river channel into a plurality of river segments further includes:
and obtaining the target flow domain file through the HEC-geo HMS plug-in.
In an alternative embodiment, the characteristic values include a river channel length of the target river basin, a longest river length from a river source to a river mouth, a center of mass of the river basin, a center of mass elevation, a river length below the center of mass of the river basin, and a slope.
In an alternative embodiment, the step of obtaining the target flowfield file through the HEC-geo HMS plug-in includes:
and obtaining a plurality of production and confluence nodes through the HEC-geo HMS plug-in, and obtaining a target basin file through a production and confluence calculation method selected by the HEC-geo HMS plug-in.
In an alternative embodiment, the step of obtaining the first flow data of each node and the second flow data at the retaining structure is preceded by:
inputting the target basin file into HEC-HMS software, and constructing an HEC-HMS hydrological model of the target basin;
inputting the perennial daily precipitation data of the target watershed and the perennial daily flow data of the outlet section of the target watershed into an HEC-HMS hydrological model of the target watershed, simulating the river runoff process of the target watershed, and acquiring the perennial daily runoff of each node.
In an alternative embodiment, the method comprises the following steps:
and respectively obtaining the annual average flow corresponding to each node according to the annual daily path flow of each node.
In an alternative embodiment, the node first flow data is the multi-year mean flow of the node and the second flow data at the retaining structure is the multi-year mean flow at the retaining structure.
In an alternative embodiment, the formula is based on
Calculating connectivity index, RC, of each river segment i Is the connectivity index, Q, of the ith river section dam Is the average flow rate of the water retaining building for many years, Q i Is the average flow of the ith river reach over the years, Q r Is the maximum flow ratio.
In an alternative embodiment, the maximum flow ratio Q r The range of (A) is 4.5 to 5.5.
The beneficial effects of the embodiment of the invention include, for example: according to the water system connectivity evaluation method provided by the invention, the main river channel is divided into a plurality of river reach sections by dividing a plurality of sub-basins of the target basin and acquiring a plurality of nodes of the main river channel of the target basin according to the sub-basins. And then, the connectivity index of each river reach is obtained through the first flow data of each node and the second flow data of the water retaining building, and then a connectivity result graph of the target river reach is drawn, so that the blocking effect of the water retaining building on the river can be displayed more clearly, the situation of the river connectivity can be reflected visually, the influence effect of a hydropower station on the river blocking is analyzed, and the accuracy of evaluating the connectivity of the target river reach is enhanced.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings required in the embodiments will be briefly described below, it should be understood that the following drawings only illustrate some embodiments of the present invention and therefore should not be considered as limiting the scope, and those skilled in the art can also obtain other related drawings based on the drawings without inventive efforts.
Fig. 1 is a schematic flow chart of a water system connectivity evaluation method according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a diagram providing a result of connectivity evaluation of an exemplary target watershed according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some, but not all, embodiments of the present invention. The components of embodiments of the present invention generally described and illustrated in the figures herein may be arranged and designed in a wide variety of different configurations.
Thus, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention, presented in the figures, is not intended to limit the scope of the invention, as claimed, but is merely representative of selected embodiments of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
It should be noted that: like reference numbers and letters refer to like items in the following figures, and thus, once an item is defined in one figure, it need not be further defined and explained in subsequent figures.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that if the terms "upper", "lower", "inside", "outside", etc. indicate an orientation or a positional relationship based on that shown in the drawings or that the product of the present invention is used as it is, this is only for convenience of description and simplification of the description, and it does not indicate or imply that the device or the element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed in a specific orientation, and be operated, and thus should not be construed as limiting the present invention.
Furthermore, the appearances of the terms "first," "second," and the like, if any, are used solely to distinguish one from another and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.
It should be noted that the features of the embodiments of the present invention may be combined with each other without conflict.
The river longitudinal connectivity is mainly expressed by the diversity of the features of maintaining the landform of the river, including the longitudinal continuity of the river, the lateral connectivity of a river flood area, the diversity of river bed sections, the diversity of bank slope materials and bank side vegetation structures and the like. After the reservoir is built, the natural water flow process is changed, and the connectivity of a water system is influenced. The river, lake and water system communication is a great requirement for national river treatment, and is an urgent requirement for realizing sustainable utilization of water resources and human water and harmonious water.
The inventor researches and discovers that the conventional research methods for communication of river, lake and water systems mainly adopt graph theory, comprehensive index method, function method and the like, but the method is most simple in evaluation of the communication of the water systems on the whole river network and water systems, and the influence of a water retaining building on the communication is considered, so that the actual effect of the water retaining building on water flow obstruction is not fully quantified, and the evaluation accuracy of the communication of the water systems is low.
Aiming at the problems, the water system connectivity evaluation method provided by the invention can segment each river channel, consider the blocking effect of a water blocking building on the river, quantitatively evaluate the connectivity of the river, analyze the connectivity levels of different river sections, input the evaluation result into a watershed water system diagram to draw a connectivity evaluation diagram, visually reflect the situation of the river connectivity, analyze the influence effect of a hydropower station on the river blocking and enhance the accuracy of the water area connectivity evaluation.
Referring to fig. 1, a method for evaluating connectivity of a water system according to an embodiment of the present invention includes the following steps.
S100：
And dividing a plurality of sub-watersheds of the target watershed, and acquiring a plurality of nodes of the main river channel of the target watershed according to the sub-watersheds so as to divide the main river channel into a plurality of river segments. Specifically, the above steps include obtaining a digital elevation file of the target drainage basin, and it is understood that the digital elevation file of the target drainage basin may be collected by a worker, and then extracting the target drainage basin water system from the obtained digital elevation file through an HEC-geo HMS plug-in Arc GIS software (it is understood that the HEC-geo HMS plug-in Arc GIS software is common software in the art, and the software and the plug-in are not described in detail here), and then further dividing the extracted target drainage basin water system into a plurality of sub-drainage basins.
It can be understood that, in order to obtain the first flow data of each node more accurately, and further obtain the feature value of the target river basin, specifically, the feature value includes a river channel length of the target river basin, a longest river length from a river source to a river mouth, a center of mass of the river basin, a center of mass elevation of the center of mass, a river length below the center of mass of the river basin, a slope descending, and the like.
The method further comprises the step of obtaining a target basin file through an HEC-geo HMS plug-in after the step of dividing a plurality of sub basins of the target basin and obtaining a plurality of nodes of a main river channel of the target basin according to the sub basins so as to divide the main river channel into a plurality of river segments.
Specifically, a plurality of production and convergence nodes are obtained through an HEC-geo HMS plug-in of Arc GIS software, and it can be understood that a main river channel of the target watershed is divided into a plurality of sections through the production and convergence nodes, that is, a plurality of river reach are formed, and an operator selects a production and convergence calculation method to obtain a target watershed file through the HEC-geo HMS plug-in.
It can be understood that each sub-basin has a corresponding precipitation amount, and a worker can calculate how much flow is generated by each sub-basin through precipitation data and a related formula, and the flow generated by the sub-basins can be converged into a main river channel of a target basin, so that the flow changes from small to large from upstream to downstream. Therefore, after the target river basin is divided into a plurality of sub-river basins, a plurality of production and confluence nodes are generated for the target river basin, the main river channel is divided into a plurality of sections, the connectivity index of each river section is further analyzed, the evaluation result is input into a river basin water system diagram to draw a connectivity evaluation diagram, the river connectivity condition is visually reflected, the influence effect of a hydropower station on river obstruction is analyzed, and the accuracy of the evaluation on the water area connectivity is enhanced.
S200:
Before the step of obtaining the first flow data of each node and the second flow data of the water-retaining building, the method further comprises the steps of inputting the obtained target basin file into HEC-HMS software, constructing an HEC-HMS hydrological model of the target basin, further inputting the annual daily precipitation data of the target basin and the annual daily flow data of the outlet section of the target basin into the HEC-HMS hydrological model of the target basin, further simulating the river runoff process of the target basin, and obtaining the annual daily runoff of each node. The water retaining structure may be any structure that blocks the flow of water, such as a dam or a hydropower station, and is not particularly limited thereto, but in the present embodiment, the water retaining structure is a hydropower station (dam).
Specifically, when multi-year-day rainfall data of a target basin are input into an HEC-HMS hydrological model of the target basin, a Thiessen polygon needs to be drawn through Arc GIS software, the rainfall weight of each sub-basin by a rainfall station is calculated, then the obtained data are input into the hydrological model, when the input outlet section is input, a simplex method is selected, a Nash coefficient is used as a target function, model parameters are optimized, the optimization of the model parameters can be understood as the optimization deletion of data deviating from the Nash coefficient used as the target function, and then the river runoff process of the target basin is simulated.
It can be understood that after acquiring the annual daily traffic of each node, the corresponding annual average traffic of each node can be obtained respectively.
It should be noted that the first flow data of the node is the average flow of the node over many years, and the second flow data at the water retaining structure is the average flow of the water retaining structure over many years. The average flow for many years at the site of the water retaining building can be obtained through a related data website or provided by a unit, such as a website of a hydrological bureau unit.
S300：
And acquiring the connectivity index of each river reach according to the first flow data and the second flow data of each node. It should be noted that, in this embodiment, the connectivity index of each node is approximately equal to the connectivity index of the river reach upstream of each node. Thus, the connectivity index for each river segment is characterized by the nodes downstream of that segment.
According to the formula
Calculating a connectivity index, RC, for each river segment i Is the connectivity index, Q, of the ith river section dam Is the average flow of a water retaining structure (namely a hydropower station dam) for many years, Q i Is the average flow of the ith river reach over many years (i.e. the average flow at nodes downstream of the ith river reach over many years), Q r Is the maximum flow ratio. I.e. when Q dam /Q i Or Q i /Q dam Over Q r Hydropower stations have no significant impact on river connectivity, where the maximum flow ratio Q r Is in the range of 4.5 to 5.5, and in the present embodiment, Q is r With a value of 5, it will be understood that the retaining structure will not affect the river reach when the maximum flow ratio is exceeded, it should be noted that Q is r The value of (A) is an empirical value.
S400：
The connectivity index is ranked and the connectivity of each river segment is evaluated. And then drawing a connectivity result graph of the target river basin according to the connectivity of each river reach. It is generally understood that when RC is 0, the hydropower station is seriously obstructed to the river reach and has poor connectivity, and when RC is 1, the hydropower station has little obstruction influence on the river reach and thus has excellent connectivity. RC ranges from 0 to 1.
Specifically, when RC is more than or equal to 0.7 and less than or equal to 1, the connectivity is excellent; when RC is more than 0.4 and less than 0.7, the connectivity is good; connectivity is moderate when 0.1 < RC ≦ 0.4 and poor when 0 ≦ RC ≦ 0.1. And draw connectivity levels table 1, as follows:
TABLE 1
And substituting the obtained average flow of each river reach for years into the formula to obtain the connectivity index of each river reach. And inputting the RC value of each river reach into a basin water system diagram through Arc GIS software, determining the connectivity level of each river reach according to the standard of the table 1, marking the connectivity level in the water system diagram, and further drawing a target basin connectivity result diagram. Such as fig. 2.
In conclusion, the water system connectivity evaluation method provided by the invention can segment the main river channel of the target watershed, quantitatively evaluate the connectivity of the river by considering the blocking effect of the water blocking building on the water flow, analyze the connectivity levels of different river sections on the main river channel, input the evaluation result into the watershed water system diagram to draw a connectivity evaluation diagram, visually reflect the situation of the river connectivity, analyze the influence effect of a hydropower station on the river blocking, and enhance the accuracy of the water area connectivity evaluation.
The above description is only for the specific embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any changes or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the technical scope of the present invention are included in the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention shall be subject to the protection scope of the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. A water system connectivity evaluation method is characterized by comprising:
dividing a plurality of sub-watersheds of a target watershed, acquiring a plurality of nodes of a main riverway of the target watershed according to the sub-watersheds, and dividing the main riverway into a plurality of river segments;
acquiring first flow data of each node and second flow data of a water retaining building;
acquiring a connectivity index of each river reach according to the first flow data and the second flow data of each node;
ranking the connectivity index and evaluating the connectivity of each of the river segments;
and drawing a connectivity result graph of the target basin according to the connectivity of each sub-basin.
2. The water system connectivity evaluation method according to claim 1, wherein the step of dividing a plurality of sub-watersheds of a target watershed, acquiring a plurality of nodes of a main riverway of the target watershed according to the sub-watersheds, and dividing the main riverway into a plurality of river reach comprises:
acquiring a target drainage basin digital elevation file;
extracting the target watershed water system from the digital elevation file through an HEC-geo HMS plug-in Arc GIS software;
and acquiring the characteristic value of the target watershed.
3. The water system connectivity evaluation method according to claim 2, wherein the step of dividing a plurality of sub-watersheds of a target watershed, acquiring a plurality of nodes of a main riverway of the target watershed according to the sub-watersheds, and dividing the main riverway into a plurality of river reach further comprises:
and obtaining a target flow domain file through the HEC-geo HMS plug-in.
4. The water system connectivity evaluation method according to claim 3, characterized in that:
the characteristic values comprise the river channel length of the target river basin, the longest river length from a river source to a river mouth, the center of mass of the river basin, the center of mass elevation, the river length below the center of mass of the river basin and the slope.
5. The water system connectivity evaluation method according to claim 3, wherein the step of obtaining the target basin file through the HEC-geo HMS plug-in comprises:
and obtaining a plurality of production and confluence nodes through the HEC-geo HMS plug-in, and obtaining the target basin file through a production and confluence calculation method selected by the HEC-geo HMS plug-in.
6. The water system connectivity evaluation method according to claim 5, wherein the step of obtaining the first flow data of each node and the second flow data at the retaining structure is preceded by:
inputting the target basin file into HEC-HMS software, and constructing an HEC-HMS hydrological model of the target basin;
inputting the annual daily precipitation data of the target watershed and the annual daily flow data of the outlet section of the target watershed into an HEC-HMS hydrological model of the target watershed, simulating the river runoff process of the target watershed, and acquiring the annual daily runoff of each node.
7. The water system connectivity evaluation method according to claim 6, comprising:
and respectively obtaining the annual average flow corresponding to each node according to the annual daily path flow of each node.
8. The water system connectivity evaluation method according to claim 1, characterized in that:
the first flow data of the node is the average flow of the node over the years, and the second flow data of the water retaining building is the average flow of the water retaining building over the years.
9. The water system connectivity evaluation method according to claim 1, characterized in that:
according to the formula
Calculating a connectivity index, the RC, for each of the river segments i For the connectivity index of the ith river section, the Q dam The average flow at the retaining structure over the years, Q i Is the average flow of the i river section over many years, said Q r Is the maximum flow ratio.
10. The water system connectivity evaluation method according to claim 9, characterized in that:
the maximum flow rate ratio Q r The range of (A) is 4.5 to 5.5.
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| CN116738641A (en) * | 2023-08-11 | 2023-09-12 | 湖南百舸水利建设股份有限公司 | Running water circulation method and system for sewage river network |
| CN116738641B (en) * | 2023-08-11 | 2023-11-14 | 湖南百舸水利建设股份有限公司 | Running water circulation method and system for sewage river network |
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