CN115105160A - 一种具有疏水结构的脉冲球囊扩张导管 - Google Patents

一种具有疏水结构的脉冲球囊扩张导管 Download PDF

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CN115105160A
CN115105160A CN202210714248.9A CN202210714248A CN115105160A CN 115105160 A CN115105160 A CN 115105160A CN 202210714248 A CN202210714248 A CN 202210714248A CN 115105160 A CN115105160 A CN 115105160A
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electrode component
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汪立
张晨朝
殷江
沈炜
蔡涛
王君毅
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Shanghai Baixin'an Biotechnology Co ltd
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种具有疏水结构的脉冲球囊扩张导管,属于导管技术领域,该一种具有疏水结构的脉冲球囊扩张导管,包括导管组件设置在所述导管组件远端的球囊部件;设置在所述导管组件工作段上的电场发生机构,所述电场发生机构包括内电极部件和外电极部件,所述外电极部件上的通孔和所述内电极部件共同形成电场区间。通过在外电极部件外表面构造由纳米颗粒和微米颗粒复合而成的粗糙结构,从而将外电极部件上位于通孔外侧端的周围的部分表面变为疏水区域,阻止液体进入电场区间造成短路。

Description

一种具有疏水结构的脉冲球囊扩张导管
技术领域
本发明属于导管技术领域,具体涉及一种具有疏水结构的脉冲球囊扩张导管。
背景技术
现有的球囊脉冲导管一般都是依靠在内外电极上施加高压,在内外电极之间产生电场进行放电,从而达到治疗的目的,如专利文献CN109953799A公开了一种超声球囊导管组件、导管系统及使用方法,通过通入流体使得球囊充盈后启动超声波发生元件,便能够使其发出超声波而直接地透过流体与球囊直接地作用于血管钙化斑,从而达到去除血管钙化斑的目的。
由于球囊导管在使用时需要向球囊内填充液体使其扩张,液体在压强的作用下,会从内外电极的孔隙进入放电孔造成短路,无法实现放电效果,不仅会降低导管的使用寿命,甚至可能在手术中引起重大医疗事故,现有方式都是通过增加密封结构防止短路,但是这样会增加导管的外径,不能适用一些狭窄的病变区。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种具有疏水结构的脉冲球囊扩张导管,以解决上述背景技术中提出现有的导管在使用过程中的问题。
为实现上述目的,本发明提供如下技术方案:一种具有疏水结构的脉冲球囊扩张导管,包括导管组件设置在所述导管组件远端的球囊部件;
设置在所述导管组件工作段上的电场发生机构,所述电场发生机构包括内电极部件和外电极部件,所述外电极部件上的通孔和所述内电极部件共同形成电场区间;
分布在所述外电极部件疏水区域上的纳米颗粒和微米颗粒复合结构,通过所述复合结构形成疏水结构阻止液体进入所述电场区间。
优选的,所述疏水区域设置在所述通孔外侧边缘线的外围。
优选的,所述疏水区域的截面成圆环形。
优选的,所述微米颗粒分布在所述疏水区域上且所述纳米颗粒彼此之间存有间距。
优选的,所述纳米颗粒分布在所述微米颗粒和微米颗粒之间的缝隙中。
优选的,所述疏水结构的形成方式为是物理/化学气相沉积、相分离、化学/激光刻蚀、电化学沉积和化学镀中一种。
优选的,所述电场发生机构通过导线和外部的高压脉冲输出设备连接。
优选的,所述通孔的截面为圆形。
优选的,所述外电极部件为中空圆柱体,所述内电极部件为片状圆弧。
优选的,所述内电极部件和外电极部件的材料为铂铱合金。
与现有技术相比,本发明的有益效果是:
通过在外电极部件外表面构造由纳米颗粒和微米颗粒复合而成的粗糙结构,从而将外电极部件上位于通孔外侧端的周围的部分表面变为疏水区域,阻止液体进入电场区间造成短路,延长导管使用寿命的同时并不会增加导管的直径,能够适用于狭小的病变区间。
附图说明
图1为本发明整体结构示意图;
图2为本发明电场发生机构结构示意图;
图3为本发明疏水结构结构示意图;
图4为本发明电场发生机构立体图;
图5为本发明外电极部件立体图。
图中:100、导管组件;101、内管部件;101a、工作段;102、外管部件;200、电场发生机构;201、内电极部件;202、外电极部件;203、通孔;203a、内侧端;203b、外侧端;204、电场区间;300、填充区间;400、疏水区域;401、亲水区域;402、疏水结构;403、微米颗粒;404、纳米颗粒;500、球囊部件;600、液体。
具体实施方式
下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图,对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述,显然,所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例,而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例,本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例,都属于本发明保护的范围。
参照图1-5,一种具有疏水结构的脉冲球囊扩张导管(以下简称扩张导管),主体由导管组件100和球囊部件500构成,其中球囊部件500布置在导管组件100的远端(即进入人体血管内的一端),具体的,该导管组件100包括轴线重合的内管部件101和外管部件102,外管部件102远端端面封闭,内管部件101从该封闭端面继续向远端延伸从而形成该导管组件100,该球囊部件500包覆在内管部件101的外围,此时,球囊部件500、内管部件101和外观部件的封闭端面共同围成一填充区间300,通过向该填充区间300内填充流体(如造影液等)即可使该球囊部件500进行扩张,对应的,球囊部件500具有输送态和工作态两种状态,该球囊部件500以输送态跟随导管组件100一同进入血管内部,并在病变位置停止,随后向填充区间300内注入造影液使球囊部件500进行扩张,变为工作态。
进一步的,将内管部件101位于填充区间内的部分记为工作段101a,在该工作段101a上设有电场发生机构200,电场发生机构200设有多个并沿工作段101a的长度方向进行设置,该电场发生机构200通过导线和外部高压脉冲输出设备连接,具体的,该电场发生机构200主体由外电极部件202和内电极部件201构成,内电极部件201和外电极部件202可以由铂铱合金制成,或者其他相类似的金属材料制成,其中外电极部件202为一空心圆柱体,即外电极部件202的截面成圆环形,同时外电极部件202的轴线和内管部件101的轴向相重合,即外电极部件202包覆在内管部件101的外围,内电极部件201为一圆弧形的片状体,且其弧度和外电极部件202内表面的弧度相适配,在内电极部件201和外电极部件202组装之后,内电极部件201的外表面和外电极部件202的内表面相贴合,从而构成该电场发生机构200的主体结构,进一步的,外电极部件202沿径向方向设有通孔203,该通孔203的截面可以圆形或者多变形等多种形状,优选的,该通孔203的截面为圆形,即该通孔203为圆柱形通孔203,该通孔203具有位于外电极部件202外圆周表面上的外侧端203b,以及位于外电极部件202上内圆周表面的内侧端203a,和通孔203相适配,内电极部件201设置在该通孔203的内侧端203a位置,此时内电极部件201和外电极部件202上的通孔203共同围成一个一端开口的电场空间,当球囊部件500处于工作态时启动高压脉冲输出设备,短时间内在电场空间内产生电火花,电场对混合液中的气泡造成空化效应,瞬间空化带来的压应力和张应力穿透球囊部件500,最后,击碎血管内壁的钙化物质,达到治疗的目的。
上述电场发生机构200在工作时,由于内电极部件201和外电极部件202均由金属材料制成,金属表面有较高的吉布斯自由能,几乎所有的液体都能轻易铺展并浸润金属表面,在向填充区间内注入造影液等液体使球囊部件500进行扩张时,造影液等液体会流入电场区间204内造成短路,使电场发生机构200不能正常运行,为了对保证电场发生机构200能够正常运行,外电极部件202的外表面于通孔203外侧端203b的边缘线的外围设有疏水结构402,通过该疏水结构402,可以防止填充区间内的液体进入电场区间204内造成短路。
具体的,外电极部件202的外表面在通孔203外侧端203b外围设有疏水区域400,优选的,该疏水区域400的截面成圆环形,并在该疏水区域400上做粗糙处理从而形成疏水结构402,进而使疏水区域400具有疏水效应,外电极部件202的外表面的其余区域不做处理,由于金属表面有较高的吉布斯自由能,对应的,外电极部件202的外表面的其余区域具有亲水效应,记为亲水区域401。
进一步的,该疏水结构402为分布在疏水区域400上的纳米颗粒404和微米颗粒403复合结构,通过纳米颗粒404和微米颗粒403的复合结构对液气界面产生钉扎作用,进而防止液体流入该放电区间内造成短路,具体的,该微米颗粒403成乳突形状,且微米颗粒403分布在疏水区域400上并对疏水区域400形成覆盖,且微米颗粒403彼此之间存在一定的距离,通过微米颗粒403,可以降低水滴同疏水区域400表面的接触面积,并改变水体内部的压力场和速度场,达到阻碍和延迟水流流动的目的,纳米颗粒404位于在微米颗粒403的表面和微米颗粒403之间的缝隙中,和微米颗粒403一起形成复合结构,防止液体进入电场区间204,其中微米颗粒403和纳米颗粒404的形成方式可以是物理/化学气相沉积、相分离、化学/激光刻蚀、电化学沉积和化学镀等方式中一种。
尽管已经示出和描述了本发明的实施例,对于本领域的普通技术人员而言,可以理解在不脱离本发明的原理和精神的情况下可以对这些实施例进行多种变化、修改、替换和变型,本发明的范围由所附权利要求及其等同物限定。

Claims (10)

1.一种具有疏水结构的脉冲球囊扩张导管,其特征在于:包括
导管组件设置在所述导管组件远端的球囊部件;
设置在所述导管组件工作段上的电场发生机构,所述电场发生机构包括内电极部件和外电极部件,所述外电极部件上的通孔和所述内电极部件共同形成电场区间;
分布在所述外电极部件疏水区域上的纳米颗粒和微米颗粒复合结构,通过所述复合结构形成疏水结构阻止液体进入所述电场区间。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种具有疏水结构的脉冲球囊扩张导管,其特征在于:所述疏水区域设置在所述通孔外侧边缘线的外围。
3.根据权利要求2所述的一种具有疏水结构的脉冲球囊扩张导管,其特征在于:所述疏水区域的截面成圆环形。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种具有疏水结构的脉冲球囊扩张导管,其特征在于:所述微米颗粒分布在所述疏水区域上且所述纳米颗粒彼此之间存有间距。
5.根据权利要求4所述的一种具有疏水结构的脉冲球囊扩张导管,其特征在于:所述纳米颗粒分布在所述微米颗粒和微米颗粒之间的缝隙中。
6.根据权利要求1所述的一种具有疏水结构的脉冲球囊扩张导管,其特征在于:所述疏水结构的形成方式为是物理/化学气相沉积、相分离、化学/激光刻蚀、电化学沉积和化学镀中一种。
7.根据权利要求1所述的一种具有疏水结构的脉冲球囊扩张导管,其特征在于:所述电场发生机构通过导线和外部的高压脉冲输出设备连接。
8.根据权利要求1所述的一种具有疏水结构的脉冲球囊扩张导管,其特征在于:所述通孔的截面为圆形。
9.根据权利要求1所述的一种具有疏水结构的脉冲球囊扩张导管,其特征在于:所述外电极部件为中空圆柱体,所述内电极部件为片状圆弧。
10.根据权利要求1所述的一种具有疏水结构的脉冲球囊扩张导管,其特征在于:所述内电极部件和外电极部件的材料为铂铱合金。
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