CN115105159B - 一种具有疏水涂层的脉冲球囊扩张导管 - Google Patents
一种具有疏水涂层的脉冲球囊扩张导管 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种具有疏水涂层的脉冲球囊扩张导管，属于导管技术领域，该一种具有疏水涂层的脉冲球囊扩张导管，包括导管组件；球囊部件，设置在所述导管组件的远端，且所述球囊部件和所述导管组件之间形成有填充区间；电场发生机构，位于所述填充区间内且包覆在所述导管组件上，所述电场发生机构包括内电极部件和外电极部件，所述内电极部件和所述外电极部件上的通孔共同形成电场区间。通过在外电极部件上的部分表面设置由颗粒层和修饰层构成的疏水涂层，利用疏水涂层中的粗糙结构和疏水基团成疏水区域，从而对通孔的外侧端形成保护圈，阻止液体进入电场区间造成短路。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于导管技术领域，具体涉及一种具有疏水涂层的脉冲球囊扩张导管。
背景技术
现有的球囊脉冲导管一般都是依靠在内外电极上施加高压，在内外电极之间产生电场进行放电，从而达到治疗的目的，如专利文献CN109953799A公开了一种超声球囊导管组件、导管系统及使用方法，通过通入流体使得球囊充盈后启动超声波发生元件，便能够使其发出超声波而直接地透过流体与球囊直接地作用于血管钙化斑，从而达到去除血管钙化斑的目的。
由于球囊导管在使用时需要向球囊内填充液体使其扩张，液体在压强的作用下，会从内外电极的孔隙进入放电孔造成短路，无法实现放电效果，不仅会降低导管的使用寿命，甚至可能在手术中引起重大医疗事故，现有方式都是通过增加密封结构防止短路，但是这样会增加导管的外径，不能适用一些狭窄的病变区。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种具有疏水涂层的脉冲球囊扩张导管，以解决上述背景技术中提出现有的导管在使用过程中的问题。
为实现上述目的，本发明提供如下技术方案：一种具有疏水涂层的脉冲球囊扩张导管，包括导管组件；
球囊部件，设置在所述导管组件的远端，且所述球囊部件和所述导管组件之间形成有填充区间；
电场发生机构，位于所述填充区间内且包覆在所述导管组件上，所述电场发生机构包括内电极部件和外电极部件，所述内电极部件和所述外电极部件上的通孔共同形成电场区间；
疏水涂层，覆盖在所述外电极部件上的涂抹区域，所述疏水涂层包括颗粒层和修饰层，通过所述疏水涂层中的粗糙结构和疏水基因将所述涂抹区域变为疏水区域。
优选的，所述颗粒层由纳米颗粒组成，通过所述纳米颗粒形成所述粗糙结构。
优选的，所述颗粒层通过模版法、印刷法、刻蚀法、相分离法、静电纺丝法和沉淀法中的一种形成。
优选的，所述修饰层的材料为低表面材料。
优选的，所述修饰层的材料为烃类化合物、有机硅化合物和含氟化合物中一种或多种。
优选的，所述填充区间内液体在疏水涂层表面产生的轴向力小于所述疏水涂层表面张力轴向分力。
优选的，所述内电极部件和外电极部件的材料为铂铱合金。
优选的，所述电场发生机构通过导线和外部高压脉冲输出设备连接。
优选的，所述涂抹区域的截面为圆环形。
优选的，所述内电极部件为一片状圆弧。
与现有技术相比，本发明的有益效果是：
通过在外电极部件上的部分表面设置由颗粒层和修饰层构成的疏水涂层，利用疏水涂层中的粗糙结构和疏水基因形成疏水区域，从而对通孔的外侧端形成保护圈，阻止液体进入电场区间造成短路，从而实现在不增加导管直径的前提下实现密封结构的效果，保证手术安全性的同时提高导管的使用寿命。
附图说明
图1为本发明整体结构示意图；
图2为本发明电场发生机构结构示意图；
图3为本发明疏水涂层结构示意图；
图4为本发明电场发生机构立体图；
图5为本发明外电极部件立体图。
图中：100、导管组件；101、外管部件；102、内管部件；200、球囊部件；201、填充区间；300、电场发生机构；301、内电极部件；302、外电极部件；303、通孔；303a、内侧端；303b、外侧端；304、电场区间；400、涂抹区域；500、疏水涂层；501、颗粒层；502、修饰层；600、液体。
具体实施方式
下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图，对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。
参照图1-5,一种具有疏水涂层500的脉冲球囊扩张导管，主体由导管组件100和球囊部件200构成，其中球囊部件200布置在导管组件100的远端(即进入人体血管内的一端)，具体的，该导管组件100包括轴线重合的内管部件102和外管部件101，外管部件101远端端面封闭，内管部件102从该封闭端面继续向远端延伸从而形成该导管组件100，该球囊部件200包覆在内管部件102的外围，此时，球囊部件200、内管部件102和外观部件的封闭端面共同围成一填充区间201，通过向该填充区间201内填充流体(如造影液等)即可使该球囊部件200进行扩张，对应的，球囊部件200具有输送态和工作态两种状态，该球囊部件200以输送态跟随导管组件100一同进入血管内部，并在病变位置停止，随后向填充区间201内注入造影液使球囊部件200进行扩张，变为工作态。
进一步的，在导管组件100上设有电场发生机构300，该电场发生机构300位于填充区间201内，优选的，电场发生机构300设有多个并沿导管组件100的长度方向间隔设置，该电场发生机构300通过导线和外部高压脉冲输出设备连接，具体的，该电场发生机构300主体由外电极部件302和内电极部件301构成，内电极部件301和外电极部件302可以由铂铱合金制成，或者其他相类似的金属材料制成，其中外电极部件302为一空心圆柱体，即外电极部件302的截面成圆环形，同时外电极部件302的轴线和内管部件102的轴向相重合，即外电极部件302包覆在内管部件102的外围，内电极部件301为一圆弧形的片状体，且其弧度和外电极部件302内表面的弧度相适配，在内电极部件301和外电极部件302组装之后，内电极部件301的外表面和外电极部件302的内表面相贴合，从而构成该电场发生机构300的主体结构，进一步的，外电极部件302沿径向方向设有通孔303，该通孔303的截面可以圆形或者多变形等多种形状，优选的，该通孔303的截面为圆形，即该通孔303为圆柱形通孔303，该通孔303具有位于外电极部件302外圆周表面上的外侧端303b，以及位于外电极部件302上内圆周表面的内侧端303a，和通孔303相适配，内电极部件301设置在该通孔303的内侧端303a位置，此时内电极部件301和外电极部件302上的通孔303共同围成一个一端开口的电场空间，当球囊部件200处于工作态时启动高压脉冲输出设备，短时间内在电场空间内产生电火花，电场对混合液中的气泡造成空化效应，瞬间空化带来的压应力和张应力穿透球囊部件200，最后，击碎血管内壁的钙化物质，达到治疗的目的。
上述电场发生机构300在工作时，由于内电极部件301和外电极部件302均由金属材料制成，金属表面有较高的吉布斯自由能，几乎所有的液体都能轻易铺展并浸润金属表面，在向填充区间201内注入造影液等液体使球囊部件200进行扩张时，造影液等液体会流入电场区间304内造成短路，使电场发生机构300不能正常运行，为了对保证电场发生机构300能够正常运行，在外电极部件302的表面设有疏水涂层500，通过疏水涂层500，能够阻止填充区间201内液体进入电场区间304内，进而保证电场发生机构300的正常运行。
具体的，将外电极部件302部分外表面记为涂抹区域400，优选的，该涂抹区域400位于通孔303外侧端303b的外围，且该涂抹区域400的外表面的截面成圆环形，即涂抹区域400对通孔303的外侧端303b形成包围圈，同时该疏水涂层500附着在涂抹区域400的外表面，从而在通孔303外侧端303b的四周形成一保护圈，阻止填充区间201的液体进入电场区间304造成短路，保证了电场发生机构300的正常运行。
更具体的，该疏水涂层500包括颗粒层501和修饰层502，颗粒层501主体由纳米颗粒构成，即通过模版法、印刷法、刻蚀法、相分离法、静电纺丝法和沉淀法等方式使纳米颗粒附着在涂抹区域400的表面，从而形成颗粒层501，即在涂抹区域400的表面形成粗糙结构，该粗糙结构对液气界面产生钉扎作用，阻止填充区间201内液体进入该填充区间201，修饰层502由低表面材料制成，优选的，该低表面材料可以是烃类化合物、有机硅化合物和含氟化合物中一种或多种，依据底表面材料上的疏水基因，能够降低涂抹区域400表面张力，进一步提高其疏水性能，通过在涂抹区域400的表面设置疏水涂层500，从而将外电极部件302上的涂抹区域400变为疏水区域，外部件302的其余外表面为亲水区域。
进一步的，将液体在通孔入口处产生的沿通孔轴向的分力记为Ff，将通孔侧壁表面张力轴向分力记为Fy，当液体在通孔入口处产生的沿通孔轴向的分力小于通孔侧壁表面张力轴向分力，即Ff＜Fy时，金属表面液体无法克服表面张力流入微孔内，实现超疏水效果。
尽管已经示出和描述了本发明的实施例，对于本领域的普通技术人员而言，可以理解在不脱离本发明的原理和精神的情况下可以对这些实施例进行多种变化、修改、替换和变型，本发明的范围由所附权利要求及其等同物限定。
Claims (7)
1.一种具有疏水涂层的脉冲球囊扩张导管，其特征在于：包括
导管组件；
球囊部件，设置在所述导管组件的远端，且所述球囊部件和所述导管组件之间形成有填充区间；
电场发生机构，位于所述填充区间内且包覆在所述导管组件上，所述电场发生机构包括内电极部件和外电极部件，所述外电极部件沿径向方向设有通孔，所述通孔的截面为圆形，所述内电极部件和所述外电极部件上的所述通孔共同形成电场区间，所述通孔设置位于所述外电极部件外圆周表面上的外侧端，以及位于所述外电极部件上内圆周表面的内侧端；
疏水涂层，覆盖在所述外电极部件上的涂抹区域，所述涂抹区域的截面为圆环形，所述疏水涂层包括颗粒层和修饰层，所述颗粒层由纳米颗粒组成，通过所述纳米颗粒形成粗糙结构，通过所述疏水涂层中的所述粗糙结构和疏水基因将所述涂抹区域变为疏水区域。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种具有疏水涂层的脉冲球囊扩张导管，其特征在于：所述颗粒层通过模版法、印刷法、刻蚀法、相分离法、静电纺丝法和沉淀法中的一种形成。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种具有疏水涂层的脉冲球囊扩张导管，其特征在于：所述修饰层的材料为烷烃类化合物、有机硅化合物和含氟化合物中一种或多种。
4.根据权利要求3所述的一种具有疏水涂层的脉冲球囊扩张导管，其特征在于：所述填充区间内液体在疏水涂层表面产生的轴向力小于所述疏水涂层表面张力轴向分力。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种具有疏水涂层的脉冲球囊扩张导管，其特征在于：所述内电极部件和外电极部件的材料为铂铱合金。
6.根据权利要求1所述的一种具有疏水涂层的脉冲球囊扩张导管，其特征在于：所述电场发生机构通过导线和外部高压脉冲输出设备连接。
7.根据权利要求1所述的一种具有疏水涂层的脉冲球囊扩张导管，其特征在于：所述内电极部件为一片状圆弧。
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