CN115096139A - 高适应性防弹板及其制造方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明提供一种高适应性防弹板及其制造方法，所述高适应性防弹板是由多层防弹材料叠合而成，所述防弹材料是由防弹层和胶粘层复合而成，所述防弹层是由高性能纤维织造而成，所述叠合是铺叠粘结多层防弹材料形成高适应性防弹板的过程。本发明的防弹板不仅满足常规平面的防护需求，而且满足曲面、异型件、狭小区域等各种形状的贴合防护，具有高适应性的特点。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种防护产品，尤其涉及一种适用于异形结构件的防弹板及其制造方法。
背景技术
在军工行业中，装备的防护离不开防弹板。
防弹板从材质软硬角度可分为硬质防弹板和软质防弹板，硬质防弹板通常包括金属防弹板、非金属陶瓷类防弹板，软质防弹板是由高性能纤维制备的防弹板。在现有的应用中，不管是硬质防弹板还是软质防弹板，通常只能针对平面进行防护或者采用模具制备出异构件所需形状的防弹板，这大大限制了防弹板的应用范围和领域。目前，有关不受防护形状限制的防弹板的研究和制备还尚未见报道。
发明内容
针对上述缺陷，本发明提供一种高适应性防弹板及其制造方法，用来克服现有技术中防弹板在实际应用中受形状限制或采用模具成型造成成本升高的问题。
本发明提供一种高适应性防弹板，无需模具，既可满足常规平面防护需求，又可对曲面、异型件、狭小区域等进行无缝贴合防护。
所述高适应性防弹板是由多层防弹材料叠合而成，所述防弹材料是由防弹层和胶粘层复合而成，所述叠合是在一定温度下铺叠、粘合多层防弹材料的过程；
所述防弹材料的单层抗弯长度≤15cm，单层防弹材料的单束拔脱力≥100N；
所述复合是指胶粘层通过压力作用下在一定温度下粘结防弹层单侧的过程，通常温度范围为-20℃～150℃、压力为0.1MPa～3MPa，时间为10-40s；
所述防弹层是由高性能纤维织造而成，织造形态包括但不限于无纬布、平纹机织布、三维机织物；
所述高性能纤维选自高强高模聚乙烯纤维、芳纶纤维和聚芳酯纤维中的一种或多种；
所述胶粘层选自聚氨酯胶膜、PE胶膜、SEBS热熔胶、SBS热熔胶、EVA热熔胶中的一种或多种；所述胶粘层具有较好的粘性，与所述防弹层的剥离强度大于1N/mm。
所述胶粘层在防弹层的一层或两侧，所述胶粘层在防弹层的一层或两侧，且胶粘层占所述防弹材料的质量百分比为10-20％，所述防弹层占防弹材料的质量百分比为80-90％。
所述叠合是在小于150℃的瞬时温度下进行铺叠粘合，包括但不限于常温下既可铺叠粘合多层防弹材料。
本发明的高适应性防弹板可适用于各种形状需求的防弹防护，这是由于：(1)制备高适应性防弹板的防弹材料较为柔软，单层防弹材料的抗弯长度≤15mm，利于曲面、狭小空间和小角度的铺展；(2)防弹材料进行多层叠合的工艺简单易行，这是由于胶粘层选自聚氨酯胶膜、PE胶膜、SEBS热熔胶、SBS热熔胶、EVA热熔胶中的一种或多种，易于在低温、小压力下即可进行叠合工艺。
进一步地，单层防弹材料的单束拔脱力≥100N，且防弹性能通过纤维种类、防弹层的织物形态、防弹层与胶粘层复合工艺参数以及质量比等因素进行限定，确保了其防护性能与柔软性的兼顾。
本发明还提供一种上述任一所述的高适应性防弹板的制造方法，包括如下步骤：
(1)先将所述高性能纤维织造成所述防弹层，然后将所述防弹层与所述胶粘层进行复合，形成所述的防弹材料；
(2)将所述防弹材料铺叠，然后在一定温度下瞬时加热后进行人为摁压粘合，如此反复多层铺叠和粘合，即形成高适应性的防弹板。
步骤(1)是关于防弹材料的制备方法，具体地，按照目标织物形态采用高性能纤维进行织造，形成织物即为防弹层；然后根据防弹层与胶粘层的质量比进行胶粘层量的确定，最后根据胶粘层的性能特点，选择对应的复合工艺，即合适的温度和压力参数，进行复合即可形成防弹材料。
步骤(2)是关于制备防弹板的叠合工艺，具体地，根据单层防弹材料的特点，确定叠合的层数和温度，在瞬时加热单层防弹材料的基础上进行人工的摁压，即可达到层与层之间的粘结，重复每层防弹材料的粘结工艺，最终制备成所需的防弹板。
上述制造方法简单易行，不受防护件结构的限制和影响，任何形状均可采用本发明的防弹板进行防护。这是由于防弹板采用了先成型后固定的方式，先成型的材料是由柔软性的防弹材料组成，通过抗弯长度≤15cm的限定，确保了曲面、异构件以及狭小部位等形状均可进行防护。多层防弹材料的叠合工艺简单、易实现，进一步保障了防弹板在异形结构中的应用。该制备方法去除了利用模具成型的环节，简便了非平面结构防弹板的制备流程，创新了异形防弹板的制备工艺。
进一步地，为了保障防弹板的高适应性和防弹性能，所述防弹层与胶粘层复合的温度为-20℃～150℃，压力为0.1MPa～3MPa，时间为10-40s。
进一步地，所述人工多层铺叠的瞬时温度小于150℃，压力仅靠人工摁压即可实现防弹材料层与层之间的粘结。
本发明的实施，至少包括以下优势：
本发明防弹板制备工艺简单易行，无需模具的协助即可形成所需的防护形状，可满足平面、曲面、异构件、狭小区域等各种形状的应用需求，消除了防弹板受结构形状限制的应用局面。
具体实施方式
使本发明实施例的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚，下面将对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例是本发明一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有付出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。
下述实施例采用的纤维丝以及胶粘剂的原料，具体厂家以及规格如下：
纤维丝：芳纶纤维，牌号Twaron-2000，线密度1680dtex，纤维直径9～12gm；
胶粘剂：聚氨酯胶膜，SEBS热熔胶。
实施例1
本实施例防弹板的制造步骤为：
1)防弹材料的制造
将芳纶纤维织造成410g/m2平纹机织布，然后将两张50g/m2的PU胶膜平铺于平纹机织布两侧，放入隔离模中，在温度120℃、压力1MPa的模压压机中进行复合30s，形成的材料即为单层防弹材料。
2)首先将单层防弹材料根据所需防护的尺寸进行裁切，然后将裁切好的防弹材料根据U型结构的形状铺放于U型结构件上，然后调节热风枪的温度，于140℃瞬时加热铺好的防弹材料，在加热的防弹材料上方，快速铺叠一层新的防弹材料，人在防护手套的防护下快速进行摁压两层防弹材料，即可实现防弹材料的粘结；如此反复，进行17层防弹材料的粘结，形成U型防弹板的防护结构。
对本实施例制造得到的防弹板进行防弹性能测试，其中，防弹性能测试按照NIJ0101.06 IIIA级防弹标准进行打靶测试；
单束拔脱力的测试是从单层防弹材料中将单丝束从上端固定距离处切断，利用夹具夹住织物两端进行拉伸，测试拉伸的最大力。根据防弹机理可知，单丝束的拉伸力值越大，说明在防御子弹穿透时耗能越多，也就越有利于阻止子弹的侵彻。
同时，根据GB/T18318-2001《纺织品织物弯曲长度的测定》中的斜面法测试防弹材料的抗弯长度，其试验原理是将一定尺寸的织物狭长试样作为悬臂梁，根据其可挠性，可测试计算其弯曲时的长度，作为织物柔软度的指标，测试的抗弯长度值越小，说明织物的柔软度越好。
上述测试结果具体见表1。
实施例2
本实施例防弹板的制造步骤为：
1)防弹材料的制造
将PE纤维织造成200g/m2无纬布，然后将一张50g/m2的SEBS热熔胶平铺于PE无纬布一侧，在常温下压力为1MPa的模压压机中进行复合10s，形成的材料即为单层防弹材料。
2)首先将单层防弹材料的胶层背对结构件，根据U型结构的形状铺放于U型结构件上，然后在防弹材料的胶层面铺叠一层新的防弹材料(胶层同样是背对结构件)，进行人工手动摁压两层防弹材料，即可将两层防弹材料粘结；如此反复，进行32层防弹材料的粘结，形成U型防弹板的防护结构。
采用与实施例1相同的测试方法，进行防弹性能以及单层防弹材料柔软度和单丝束拉力值的测试，测试结果具体见表1。
对照例1
本对照例防弹板的制造步骤为：
1)防弹材料的制造
将芳纶纤维织造成410g/m2平纹机织布，然后将两张50g/m2的PU胶膜平铺于平纹机织布两侧，放入隔离模中，在温度120℃、压力1MPa的模压压机中进行复合30s，形成的材料即为单层防弹材料。
2)根据需要防护的U型结构进行模具加工；
3)将17层防弹材料根据所需防护的尺寸进行裁切，然后将裁切好的防弹材料根据U型结构的形状依次铺放于模具中，然后将铺好的模具放入模压压机中，于140℃、压力3MPa的条件下压制1～2min，冷却至室温，出模即可形成U型防弹板的防护结构。
采用与实施例1相同的测试方法，进行防弹性能以及单层防弹材料柔软度和单丝束拉力值的测试，测试结果具体见表1。
表1防弹板的防弹性能、单层防弹材料的柔软度及单丝束的拉力值
由表1的对比结果可知：本发明省去模具制备环节，简易的叠合流程和工艺制备出的防弹板与常规防弹板的防弹性能等同。通过优选胶粘层，控制防弹材料的制备工艺和防弹板的叠合工艺，制备出可针对任意形状进行防护的防弹板。
最后应说明的是：以上各实施例仅用以说明本发明的技术方案，而非对其限制；尽管参照前述各实施例对本发明进行了详细的说明，本领域的普通技术人员应当理解：其依然可以对前述各实施例所记载的技术方案进行修改，或者对其中部分或者全部技术特征进行等同替换；而这些修改或者替换，并不使相应技术方案的本质脱离本发明各实施例技术方案的范围。
Claims (9)
1.一种高适应性防弹板，其特征在于，所述高适应性是指防弹板无需模具协助，既可满足常规平面防护需求，又可满足曲面、异型件、狭小区域等各种形状的防护需求；所述防弹板是由多层防弹材料叠合而成，所述防弹材料是由防弹层和胶粘层复合而成，所述叠合是在一定温度下铺叠、粘合多层防弹材料的过程。
2.根据权利要求1所述的高适应性防弹板，其特征在于，所述防弹材料的单层抗弯长度≤15cm，单层防弹材料的单束拔脱力≥100N。
3.根据权利要求1所述的高适应性防弹板，其特征在于，所述防弹层是由高性能纤维织造而成，织造形态包括但不限于无纬布、平纹机织布、三维机织物；所述高性能纤维选自高强高模聚乙烯纤维、芳纶纤维和聚芳酯纤维中的一种或多种。
4.根据权利要求1所述的高适应性防弹板，其特征在于，所述胶粘层选自聚氨酯胶膜、PE胶膜、SEBS热熔胶、SBS热熔胶、EVA热熔胶中的一种或多种；所述胶粘层具有较好的粘性，与所述防弹层的180°剥离强度大于1N/mm。
5.根据权利要求1所述的高适应性防弹板，其特征在于，所述复合是指胶粘层在一定温度下通过压力作用粘结防弹层的过程，通常温度范围为-20℃～150℃、压力为0.1MPa～3MPa，复合时间为10-40s。
6.根据权利要求1所述的高适应性防弹板，其特征在于，所述胶粘层在防弹层的一层或两侧，所述胶粘层占所述防弹材料的质量百分比为10-20％，所述防弹层占防弹材料的质量百分比为80-90％。
7.根据权利要求1所述的高适应性防弹板，其特征在于，所述叠合是在小于150℃的瞬时温度下进行铺叠粘合，包括但不限于常温下既可铺叠粘合多层防弹材料。
8.根据权利要求1-7任一所述的高适应性防弹板的制造方法，其特征在于，包括如下步骤：
(1)先将所述高性能纤维织造成所述防弹层，然后将所述防弹层与所述胶粘层进行复合，形成所述的防弹材料；
(2)将所述防弹材料铺叠，然后在一定温度下瞬时加热后进行人为摁压粘合，如此反复多层铺叠和粘合，即形成高适应性的防弹板。
9.根据权利要求8所述的高适应性防弹板的制造方法，其特征在于，所述铺叠粘合的瞬时温度小于150℃，压力仅靠人工摁压既可实现防弹材料层与层之间的粘结。
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