GB1569322A - Bulletproof fabrics - Google Patents
Bulletproof fabrics Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- GB1569322A GB1569322A GB32593/77A GB3259377A GB1569322A GB 1569322 A GB1569322 A GB 1569322A GB 32593/77 A GB32593/77 A GB 32593/77A GB 3259377 A GB3259377 A GB 3259377A GB 1569322 A GB1569322 A GB 1569322A
- Authority
- GB
- United Kingdom
- Prior art keywords
- bullet
- plies
- layers
- layer
- proof fabric
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 42
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 53
- 229920002994 synthetic fiber Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920000271 Kevlar® Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004760 aramid Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920003235 aromatic polyamide Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000000875 corresponding effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004761 kevlar Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000008774 maternal effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 241000206607 Porphyra umbilicalis Species 0.000 description 6
- 208000014674 injury Diseases 0.000 description 4
- 208000027418 Wounds and injury Diseases 0.000 description 3
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000008280 blood Substances 0.000 description 2
- 210000004369 blood Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002301 combined effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002401 inhibitory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008733 trauma Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
- B32B5/22—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed
- B32B5/24—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed one layer being a fibrous or filamentary layer
- B32B5/26—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed one layer being a fibrous or filamentary layer another layer next to it also being fibrous or filamentary
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
- B32B27/12—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin next to a fibrous or filamentary layer
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
- B32B5/02—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by structural features of a fibrous or filamentary layer
- B32B5/024—Woven fabric
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
- B32B5/02—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by structural features of a fibrous or filamentary layer
- B32B5/06—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by structural features of a fibrous or filamentary layer characterised by a fibrous or filamentary layer mechanically connected, e.g. by needling to another layer, e.g. of fibres, of paper
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
- B32B5/02—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by structural features of a fibrous or filamentary layer
- B32B5/08—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by structural features of a fibrous or filamentary layer the fibres or filaments of a layer being of different substances, e.g. conjugate fibres, mixture of different fibres
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F41—WEAPONS
- F41H—ARMOUR; ARMOURED TURRETS; ARMOURED OR ARMED VEHICLES; MEANS OF ATTACK OR DEFENCE, e.g. CAMOUFLAGE, IN GENERAL
- F41H5/00—Armour; Armour plates
- F41H5/02—Plate construction
- F41H5/04—Plate construction composed of more than one layer
- F41H5/0471—Layered armour containing fibre- or fabric-reinforced layers
- F41H5/0485—Layered armour containing fibre- or fabric-reinforced layers all the layers being only fibre- or fabric-reinforced layers
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2255/00—Coating on the layer surface
- B32B2255/26—Polymeric coating
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2305/00—Condition, form or state of the layers or laminate
- B32B2305/10—Fibres of continuous length
- B32B2305/18—Fabrics, textiles
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2571/00—Protective equipment
- B32B2571/02—Protective equipment defensive, e.g. armour plates or anti-ballistic clothing
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Textile Engineering (AREA)
- Aiming, Guidance, Guns With A Light Source, Armor, Camouflage, And Targets (AREA)
- Professional, Industrial, Or Sporting Protective Garments (AREA)
- Laminated Bodies (AREA)
- Woven Fabrics (AREA)
Abstract
The bullet guard consists of a plurality of fabric plies (13, 14, 17) which are arranged parallel to one another. The middle layer (11) composed of a plurality of fabric plies (17) is covered on both sides with at least one outer and lower fabric ply (13, 14). The outer fabric plies consist of a dense and hard synthetic-fibre fabric, the fabric plies (17) of the middle layer (11) consist of a soft, flexible synthetic-fibre fabric and the lower fabric plies consist of a dense fabric. The entire assembly can be welded into a plastic foil (18) which is covered with an envelope (19) made of opaque flame-retarding outer material. <IMAGE>
Description
(54) IMPROVEMENTS IN OR RELATING TO
BULLET-PROOF FABRICS
(71) We, TIG BICORD AG. a Swiss
Corporation. of CH-6330 Cham. Switzerland, do hereby declare the invention. for which we pray that a Patent mav be granted to us, and the method by which it is to be performed, to be particularly described in and by the following statement:
The invention relates to a bullet-proof fabric comprising a pluralitv of superposed layers of woven material.
A known bullet-proof arrangement consists of a plurality of overlapping metal plates which form a fish-scale type of armour. Also known are structures having metal plates on the outside and a plurality of layers of synthetic fibre woven material on the inside. When a bullet-proof vest or other item of clothing having a structure of this kind is struck bv a bullet. pronounced bulging on the inside of the garment occurs and the wearer in consequence mav suffer injury and loss of blood (the trauma effect it is called).
A bullet-proof fabric is therefore required which is better capable of absorbing the kinetic energy of a bullet striking it than are the known arrangements. and which offer better protection for the wearer.
According to the invention. there is provided a bullet-proof fabric comprising a plurality of superposed layers of woven material including a front laver and a backing layer each formed from at Icast one ply of a material denselv woven from a hard synthetic fibre. and an intermediate laver disposed between said front and backing layers and formed from a pluralitv of plies of material denselv woven from I softcr nnd more yielding synthetic fibre than said front and backing layers.
The three layers of woven materiil can together form a composite material which.
because of their combined effect. is capable of absorbing the energy of a bullet to a considerable extent and of preventing injury to the wearer. The front layer. which is initiallv struck bv the bullet. should be as hard as possible. whilst the intermediate layer should have a gentle and resilicnt decelerating effect. Finally. the backing layer resists bulging and protects the wearer against injury leading to los of blood.
The warp threads and the weft threads in the woven material of the ply or plies of the front layer andior of the intermediate laver may be of different thickncsses. In accord- ance with a further adventageous feature of the invention. in one of two adjacent plies of woven m;ltCl.i;;ll the thickness of the threads extending in one direction may be greater than that of the threads extending in the transverse direction and in the other ply the thickness of the threads extending in the said transverse direction mav be greater than that of the threads extending in said one direction. In the case of a front laver made up in this wav. a bullet striken. it is slowed down and mav be deformed and flattened. Fhe woven material of the intermediate layer should be as soft as possible and have a great weight per square metre.
so that the energy of the bullet. alrcadv absorbed to a substantial extent bv the front laver is annulled in the intermediate layer.
The backing layer miy be made of the same plies of woven material as the front laver.
l) increase the energy-absorption effect of the matcrial. at least one of the plies may be provided with a plastics coating. This coating may consist of PVC. or of a similar material.
Experiments have shown that the composite structure consisting of the various layers of woven material remains more resistant if it can be kept dry and is not exposed to light. ~I'o achieve this. the layers of woven material are preferablv sealed into a wrap- ping of plastics film then enclosed in an envelope of apaque flame-inhibiting mate rial.
The invention is concerned more particularly with fabric for making items of clothing such as bullet-proof vests but it is not limited to such applications. The bullet-proof fabrics according to the invention mav also be used as armouring for aircraft (including helicopters), vehicles. ships etc.. and as a covering for other objects that are required to be protected.
An embodiment of the invention will now be described in greater detail with reference to the attached drawings. in which:
Figure I illustrates the arrangement of the various layers of woven material bv means of a cross-section through the bullet-proof fabric in accordance with the invention.
Figure 2 shows in diagrammatic form a view of a ply of woven material forming the front layer. and
Figure 3 shows a view of another ply of woven material that is next adjacent the layer shown Figure 1.
The composite structure consisting of layers of woven material shown in Figure 1 consists of a front layer 10. an intermediate layer 11 and a backing layer 19. In the present embodiment. the front layer 1() consists of two plies 13 and 14 of a synthetic fibre material having the densest possible weave. The ply 13 is illustrated diagramma- tically in Figure 9 and the ply 14 in Figure 2.
The warp threads 15 are greater than 1501) denier for example. whereas the weft threads 16 are of smaller thickness - 1(1(1(1 denier for example. In the layer 13. the warp threads 15 extend in a direction at right angles to the direction in which thev extend in the layer 14. Since the warp thrads of the two adjacent layers 13 and 14 form a dense mesh. the capacitv to absorb the kinetic energv of a bullet is increased. The smaller thickness of the weft threads 16 enables the warp threads to be disposed verv close to each other to produce a dense weave. Figures 7 and 3 are simplv diagram- matic illustrations.The distances between the various threads are not shown to the same scale as their thicknesses. The woven material is made as dense as possible.
The intermediate layer 11 consists of a larger number of similarly formed plies 17 of a densely woven material which is softer than the material of the front and backing layers and which has the largest possible weight per unit of area.
There then follows the backing layer 12 which is made up in the same way as the front layer 10, i.e. it comprises correspond- ing plies 13 and 14 of woven maternal wherein the warp threads in one ply are at right angles to those in the other.
The plies of woven material forming the layers 10. 11 and 1 mav be sewn together or joined bv quilt stitching. To protect the layers of woven material against moisture.
they are surrounded by a moisture-resisting plastics film IX which is sealed up bv the application of heat. The film is in turn inserted in an envelope 19 made of an opaque flame-inhibitine material which forms the outer jacket of the bullet-proof fabric and which mav have a sliding clasp fastener to enable the composite structure sealed into the film IX to be removed from said jacket.
The woven materials forming the layers 1(). II and 12 are made of Kevlar. Certain grades of this material which consists of a svnthetic fibre made from an aromatic polyamide. are notable for their high tensile strength of 3(l.()(l(1 kg/cm- and very high rigidity (I .34().(J()() kgicm-). It has been found that. using the above-described combination of soft and hard layers 10. II and 12 of woven material. a bullet-proof fabric requiring no metal plates can be produced.
With this bullet-proof fabric. the energy of the bullet is spread in a surprising manner over a larder area than in the case of the known arringements incorporating metal plates. The bullet-proof fabric of the invention has proved safe when fired at with an automatic weapon from a distance of 5 metres.
WHAT WE CLAIM IS:
1. A bullet-proof fabde comprising a pluralitv of superposed layers of woven material including a front layer and a backing layer each formed from at least one plv of a material densely woven from a hard svnthetic fibre. and an intermediate layer disposed between said front and backing layers and formed from a pluralitv of plies of material densely woven from a softer and more vielding synthetic fibre than said front and backing layers.
2. A bullet-proof fabric according to
Claim 1. wherein the warp threads are of different thickness to the weft threads in the front layer and/or the backing layer.
3. A hullet-proof fabric according to Claim 1 wherein the thicker threads are of 1.5()() denier and the thinner threads are of 1(1(1(1 denier.
4. A bullet-proof fabric according to
Claim 2 or Claim 3. wherein in two adjacent plies of the front layer and/or the backing la!cr. the thicker threads in one of said two plies extend in a direction at right angles to the thicker threads in the other two plies.
5. A bullet-proof fabric according to any one of Claims I to 4. wherein the ply or plies of the backing layer are made up of the same woven material is the ply or plies of the front layer.
6. A bullet-proof fabric according to any one of Claims 1 to 5. wherein at least some of the plies of woven material are provided with a plastics coating.
**WARNING** end of DESC field may overlap start of CLMS **.
Claims (10)
1. A bullet-proof fabde comprising a pluralitv of superposed layers of woven material including a front layer and a backing layer each formed from at least one plv of a material densely woven from a hard svnthetic fibre. and an intermediate layer disposed between said front and backing layers and formed from a pluralitv of plies of material densely woven from a softer and more vielding synthetic fibre than said front and backing layers.
2. A bullet-proof fabric according to
Claim 1. wherein the warp threads are of different thickness to the weft threads in the front layer and/or the backing layer.
3. A hullet-proof fabric according to Claim 1 wherein the thicker threads are of 1.5()() denier and the thinner threads are of 1(1(1(1 denier.
4. A bullet-proof fabric according to
Claim 2 or Claim 3. wherein in two adjacent plies of the front layer and/or the backing la!cr. the thicker threads in one of said two plies extend in a direction at right angles to the thicker threads in the other two plies.
5. A bullet-proof fabric according to any one of Claims I to 4. wherein the ply or plies of the backing layer are made up of the same woven material is the ply or plies of the front layer.
6. A bullet-proof fabric according to any one of Claims 1 to 5. wherein at least some of the plies of woven material are provided with a plastics coating.
7. ,A bullet-proof fabric according to any
one of Claims 1 to 6, wherein at least some of the plies of woven material are sewn or otherwise joined together.
8. A bullet-proof fabric according to anv one of Claims 1 to 7. wherein the layers are sealed in a cover made from plastics film.
9. A bullet-proof fabric according to any one of Claims 1 to 8. wherein the layers are enclosed in an envelope of opaque flameinhibiting material.
10. A bullet-proof fabric substantially as hereinbefore described with reference to and as illustrated in the accompanying drawings.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE19772721170 DE2721170A1 (en) | 1977-05-11 | 1977-05-11 | BALL PROTECTION |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| GB1569322A true GB1569322A (en) | 1980-06-11 |
Family
ID=6008610
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB32593/77A Expired GB1569322A (en) | 1977-05-11 | 1977-08-03 | Bulletproof fabrics |
Country Status (7)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CH (1) | CH608291A5 (en) |
| DE (1) | DE2721170A1 (en) |
| ES (1) | ES461381A1 (en) |
| FR (1) | FR2390701A1 (en) |
| GB (1) | GB1569322A (en) |
| IT (1) | IT1087650B (en) |
| ZA (1) | ZA776195B (en) |
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB2154179A (en) * | 1984-02-15 | 1985-09-04 | Albany Int Corp | Penetration-resistant textile sheet |
| GB2253589A (en) * | 1991-03-15 | 1992-09-16 | Gentex Corp | Penetration-resistant laminate |
| EP0511382A1 (en) * | 1990-02-28 | 1992-11-04 | ZUFLE, T.Tyler | Soft body armor |
| CN115096139A (en) * | 2022-07-15 | 2022-09-23 | 北京航天凯恩新材料有限公司 | High-adaptability bulletproof plate and manufacturing method thereof |
Families Citing this family (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE3614068A1 (en) * | 1986-04-24 | 1987-10-29 | Optronic Und Nachrichtentechni | Ballistic protection insert for flak jackets (bulletproof vests) |
| US5198280A (en) * | 1990-10-25 | 1993-03-30 | Allied-Signal Inc. | Three dimensional fiber structures having improved penetration resistance |
| DE19543127A1 (en) * | 1995-11-18 | 1997-04-03 | Bayerische Motoren Werke Ag | Shot-proof mat, especially for covering motor vehicle walls |
| DE19618257A1 (en) * | 1996-05-07 | 1997-11-13 | Bayerische Motoren Werke Ag | Process for manufacturing light armour member for motor vehicle |
-
1977
- 1977-05-11 DE DE19772721170 patent/DE2721170A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1977-06-24 CH CH775977A patent/CH608291A5/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1977-08-03 GB GB32593/77A patent/GB1569322A/en not_active Expired
- 1977-08-05 ES ES461381A patent/ES461381A1/en not_active Expired
- 1977-10-12 FR FR7730695A patent/FR2390701A1/en active Granted
- 1977-10-18 ZA ZA00776195A patent/ZA776195B/en unknown
- 1977-10-26 IT IT28997/77A patent/IT1087650B/en active
Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB2154179A (en) * | 1984-02-15 | 1985-09-04 | Albany Int Corp | Penetration-resistant textile sheet |
| EP0511382A1 (en) * | 1990-02-28 | 1992-11-04 | ZUFLE, T.Tyler | Soft body armor |
| EP0511382A4 (en) * | 1990-02-28 | 1994-02-16 | T.Tyler Zufle | |
| GB2253589A (en) * | 1991-03-15 | 1992-09-16 | Gentex Corp | Penetration-resistant laminate |
| GB2253589B (en) * | 1991-03-15 | 1994-12-14 | Gentex Corp | Assembly for resisting penetration by low speed missiles |
| CN115096139A (en) * | 2022-07-15 | 2022-09-23 | 北京航天凯恩新材料有限公司 | High-adaptability bulletproof plate and manufacturing method thereof |
| CN115096139B (en) * | 2022-07-15 | 2024-06-07 | 北京航天凯恩新材料有限公司 | High-adaptability bulletproof plate and manufacturing method thereof |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| FR2390701B3 (en) | 1980-07-18 |
| IT1087650B (en) | 1985-06-04 |
| ES461381A1 (en) | 1978-08-01 |
| CH608291A5 (en) | 1978-12-29 |
| DE2721170A1 (en) | 1978-11-16 |
| ZA776195B (en) | 1978-06-28 |
| FR2390701A1 (en) | 1978-12-08 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PS | Patent sealed | ||
| PCNP | Patent ceased through non-payment of renewal fee |