CN115090216A - Visual low-temperature high-pressure reaction kettle for monitoring multi-physical-field response in gas hydrate phase change process - Google Patents
Visual low-temperature high-pressure reaction kettle for monitoring multi-physical-field response in gas hydrate phase change process Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a visual low-temperature high-pressure reaction kettle for monitoring multi-physical field response in a gas hydrate phase change process. The reaction kettle is of a special-shaped fan-shaped structure, the temperature and pressure sensors are distributed in the radial direction of the bottom surface and the back surface of the kettle in an equidifferent manner, the positions close to the circle center are distributed more densely, and the temperature field and the pressure field of a severe phase change region of the gas hydrate are accurately monitored. The high-pressure air bags are arranged on the upper cover and the side surface to apply overlying pressure and confining pressure on the stratum, so that a real pressure environment is simulated. And a full-visual large window is adopted on the front surface of the kettle, and the spatial and temporal evolution of a flow field, a saturation field and a strain field in the phase change process of the gas hydrate is analyzed by a PIV (particle image velocimetry) and DIC (digital information computer) method. Compared with the traditional cylindrical reaction kettle, the structural design of the sector and the modeling of the numerical geometric model have natural accurate matching, and transient, multi-point and nondestructive thermal-flow-force-based multi-physical-field monitoring of the whole phase change process of the gas hydrate is realized by more reasonable sensor arrangement and visual window monitoring.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of research on basic physical properties of gas hydrates, and relates to a visual low-temperature high-pressure reaction kettle with multi-physical-field response in a phase change process of a gas hydrate.
Background
The gas hydrate is a crystal compound formed by gas and water under the conditions of low temperature and high pressure, the natural gas hydrate in natural frozen soil and deep sea sediments is a clean energy with huge reserves, and the safe and efficient development of the natural gas hydrate is an important way for solving the shortage of energy; the carbon dioxide hydrate is used as a technical application means for carbon sequestration, and has important significance for carbon emission reduction. The phase change process of the gas hydrate relates to the coupling of heat-flow-force-chemical multi-physical fields, the multi-physical fields in the phase change process are accurately monitored in real time, and the premise is that the development and the technical application of the gas hydrate are realized.
Laboratory scale studies can reveal the mechanism of multi-physical field control of heat, flow, force, and chemical decomposition of gas hydrates. However, most of the reaction kettle cavities used for research in Rossi, f., m.filipponi, and b.castellani, Investigation on a novel reactor for gas hydrate production are cylindrical, and production wells are axially arranged in the center of a circle to simulate gas injection and production. On one hand, the reaction kettle is simple in structure and easy to produce and manufacture, but for monitoring of multiple physical fields, pressure and temperature can be monitored only by arranging pressure sensors and temperature sensors at the cylindrical surface and the end cover, then the variation of the saturation of hydrate, gas and water in the whole reaction kettle along with time is calculated according to a gas state equation, and the evolution of each phase of saturation at different positions cannot be obtained. Similarly, for the monitoring of the force field, the change of the overall stress condition of the sample is generally calculated by an external loading device, and the spatial change cannot be obtained. In order to solve the defect that the evolution of a physical field in a sample cannot be monitored, in Wang, Z, et al, Study on the growth of the hydrate at the site of the scale by Visualization experiment, a transparent window [2] or an Almenningen, S, et al, Visualization of hydrate formation reducing CO2 storage in water-structured storage is opened on the wall surface of a reaction kettle by using MRI [3] to compare the evolution of the hydrate in space distribution by acquiring an image in the phase change process of the gas hydrate, but the monitoring of the force field is still lacked; wu, P, et al, CT (Computed Tomography) triaxial reaction kettle in Port-Scale 3D morphology Modeling and Physical Characterization of Hydrate-Bearing segment Based on Computed Tomography can realize the force field and monitoring of the gas Hydrate phase change process, but the cost is high, the scanning imaging quality is restricted by the time consumption of scanning, and the instantaneous change of the gas Hydrate generation and decomposition is difficult to capture. On the other hand, the accuracy of the traditional cylindrical reaction kettle is poor in physical experiment and numerical experiment butt joint, and the physical experiment verification of a numerical model result is difficult.
In summary, the existing reaction kettle is difficult to monitor the thermal-flow-force-change physical fields, the spatial and temporal changes of each phase in the phase change process of the gas hydrate in real time and is in a black box stage. The invention provides a visual low-temperature high-pressure reaction kettle capable of monitoring thermal-flow-force-chemical multi-physical field coupling response in a gas hydrate generation and decomposition process.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a visual low-temperature high-pressure reaction kettle with multi-physical-field response in a gas hydrate phase change process, which is used for revealing a gas hydrate generation decomposition mechanism under a laboratory condition, perfecting visual research on the multi-physical-field response process, accurately butting modeling of a physical experiment and a numerical experiment and providing a laboratory foundation for establishing a multi-scale gas hydrate.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a visual low-temperature high-pressure reaction kettle for monitoring multi-physical field response in a gas hydrate phase change process comprises a visual low-temperature high-pressure reaction kettle main body, a confining pressure loading system, a kettle internal temperature and pressure monitoring system and a displacement and strain monitoring system;
the visualized low-temperature high-pressure reaction kettle main body is mainly used for preparing hydrate sediment samples and performing phase change experiments on gas hydrates, the appearance of the visualized low-temperature high-pressure reaction kettle main body is a sector with a central angle of 30 degrees, the visualized low-temperature high-pressure reaction kettle main body is formed by cutting a cylinder along a direction vertical to a sector with the central angle of 30 degrees, and the radius and the height length ratio of an original cylinder are more than 2; the front and the back of the sector are rectangles, and the upper cover surface and the bottom surface are sectors; except that the front visible window is made of sapphire, the other parts are made of stainless steel; 5 holes are distributed on the bottom surface, wherein 1 is a waste liquid discharge port, 4 are multipoint thermal resistance interfaces, and the 4 thermal resistance interface openings are positioned on a fan-shaped angular bisector and distributed outwards along the radial direction at equal intervals; 3 holes are distributed on the upper cover surface, wherein 2 outer edges are positioned on an angular bisector and are respectively an air/liquid inlet/outlet and a reserved opening, the outer edges are respectively close to the circle center and the circumference of the upper cover surface as much as possible on the basis of meeting safety check, and the middle 1 is an air inlet/outlet interface of the air bag; 15 holes are distributed on the back for externally connecting the pressure sensor, 15 holes are distributed in a mode of 3 rows in the axial direction and 5 columns in the radial direction, the holes are distributed at equal intervals in the axial direction, the interval distance is one fourth of the inner height of the reaction kettle, the holes are distributed along the radial direction from the center of a circle to the outside and at equal intervals, and the hole tolerance of the holes is the same as that of the holes formed on the thermal resistance interface;
the confining pressure loading system comprises an air bag and an external pressure supply device; the air bags are positioned on the inner side of the upper cover of the reaction kettle and the inner side of the arc side surface and used for applying load and simulating the pressure and the confining pressure of the underground upper cover; the external pressure supply equipment is connected with the air bag through a high-pressure hose, so that the control of the gas pressure in the air bag is realized.
The temperature and pressure monitoring system in the kettle mainly comprises a temperature sensor and a pressure sensor; the temperature sensor adopts multipoint thermal resistors (3 temperature measuring points each), and the temperature measuring points are distributed at equal intervals (the interval distance is one fourth of the height in the reaction kettle).
The displacement and strain monitoring system mainly comprises a laser displacement sensor, a PIV and a DIC monitoring module; the laser displacement sensor is positioned on the inner side of the upper cover of the reaction kettle, between the air bag and the sediment, and is used for observing the sedimentation and expansion of the sediment; the PIV and DIC monitoring module consists of a camera and an image processing system, the camera shoots pictures through a front visual window, and the PIV and DIC technology is utilized to process the collected images to obtain a flow field, a displacement field and a strain field in the whole process.
The visual low-temperature high-pressure reaction kettle for monitoring the multi-physical-field response in the phase change process of the gas hydrate can be applied to the following scenes:
(1) for thermal field monitoring, a thermal resistor is used for monitoring the temperature field response in the phase change process;
(2) for flow field monitoring, a pressure sensor and a particle velocimetry (PIV) are used for monitoring the flow field response in the phase change process;
(3) for force field monitoring, applying confining pressure and overlying pressure by using a high-pressure air bag, and monitoring stress and strain field response in a phase change process by using a laser displacement sensor and a Digital Image Correlation (DIC) method;
(4) for chemical field monitoring, a high-definition camera is used for monitoring the time-space distribution response of the gas hydrate in the phase change process through window imaging.
The invention has the advantages of realizing the thermal-flow-force-chemical multi-physical field monitoring of the phase change process of the gas hydrate. A special-shaped low-temperature high-pressure reaction kettle is provided, and holes are respectively formed in the upper cover, the bottom surface and the back surface of the fan-shaped reaction kettle. Wherein the positions of the holes are distributed according to the following principle: the openings of the upper cover and the bottom surface are positioned on the angular bisector of the sector, and the openings of the gas/liquid inlet/outlet and the reserved opening are close to the circle center and the circumferential edge as much as possible; the holes for the bottom surface of the external temperature sensor are distributed along the radius from the circle center to the outside and according to equal difference (the tolerance is larger than 0), and the holes for the back surface of the external pressure sensor are distributed along the axial direction at equal distance and distributed along the radial direction at equal difference (the tolerance of the distance from the holes on the bottom surface). The distribution principle is more in line with the characteristic that the temperature and pressure gradient change in the phase change process of the gas hydrate is reduced from a near field (circle center) to a far field (circumferential edge), and the monitoring of the temperature and pressure physical field in the kettle is more accurate. The pressure-bearing air bags on the inner side of the upper cover and the inner side of the arc of the reaction kettle can simulate the overlying layer pressure and confining pressure conditions of gas hydrate sediments and accurately simulate the real pressure environment of the seabed. The front surface of the reaction kettle adopts a sapphire large window matched with a high-definition camera to realize visual monitoring of the phase change process of the gas hydrate in the sediment, and the dynamic monitoring of a transient, multi-point and nondestructive whole-process flow field, a displacement field and a stress field is realized by utilizing a Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) and a Digital Image Correlation (DIC) method and matching with a laser displacement sensor between an air bag and the sediment of the reaction kettle. Compared with the traditional cylindrical reaction kettle, the structural design of the special-shaped reaction kettle sector and the modeling of a computer numerical geometric model have natural matching characteristics, and the verification of a physical model is more accurate.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a structure diagram of a visual low-temperature high-pressure reaction kettle with multi-physical field response in a gas hydrate phase change process.
FIG. 2 is a basic view of a visualized low-temperature high-pressure reaction kettle with multi-physical field response in a gas hydrate phase change process.
FIG. 3 is an application example of a visualized low-temperature high-pressure reaction kettle with multi-physical field response in a gas hydrate phase change process.
Fig. 4 is an example of a geometric model and grid division of a visualized low-temperature high-pressure reaction kettle with multi-physical field response in a gas hydrate phase change process in numerical simulation software.
In fig. 1: 1, an air bag air inlet and outlet interface; 2 gas-liquid inlet and outlet of the reaction kettle; 3, well; 4-1 to 4 multipoint thermal resistors; 5 a pressure sensor interface array; 6-1 to 4 multipoint thermal resistance interfaces; 7, the bottom surface of the reaction kettle; 8 sapphire visual window; 9 a waste liquid discharge port; 10, air bags; 11, reserving a port; 12 and covering the reaction kettle.
In fig. 2: a is a front view; b is a bottom view; c is a rear view; d is a top view
In fig. 3: 13 computer acquisition system; 14 an intermediate container; 15 a waste gas recovery tank; 16 high precision balance; 17, low-temperature water bath; 18 a waste liquid recovery container; 19 nitrogen gas cylinder; 20 gas bottles for hydrate formation; 21-1 high pressure ISCO pump for intake air; 21-2 high pressure ISCO Pump for exhaust; 22 visual high-pressure reaction kettle; 23, a temperature and pressure monitoring system, a displacement and strain monitoring system and a confining pressure loading system in the kettle; 24-1 intermediate vessel vent valve; 24-2, a liquid outlet valve of the reaction kettle; 24-3 nitrogen cylinder outlet decompression valve; 24-4 a gas bottle outlet pressure reducing valve for hydrate generation; 24-5 intake line valves; 24-6 reaction kettle reserved port valve; 24-7 pipeline cut-off valves; 24-8 of an inlet valve of the reaction kettle; 24-9 back pressure valve.
Detailed Description
The following detailed description of the embodiments of the invention is provided in connection with the accompanying drawings.
Fig. 3 shows an application example of a visualized low-temperature high-pressure reaction kettle with multi-physical field response in a gas hydrate phase change process, which illustrates a specific working process of the reaction kettle in a general gas hydrate phase change experimental system. The phase change process of the gas hydrate comprises two parts, namely a gas hydrate generation process and a decomposition process: firstly, in the process of generating gas hydrate, uniformly mixing a certain amount of dried sediment and a certain amount of deionized water, and then filling the mixture into a reaction kettle, wherein the reaction kettle is washed by the deionized water and dried in advance; closing the upper cover of the reaction kettle, connecting a quick connector of an air inlet, opening an air inlet pipeline valve and an inlet valve of the reaction kettle, slowly filling low-pressure nitrogen into the reaction kettle by using a high-pressure pump, standing for a period of time, discharging, and repeating for 3 times to discharge miscellaneous gases in the reaction kettle; then adjusting a pressure reducing valve at the outlet of the gas cylinder, slowly filling high-purity gas for generating the hydrate into the reaction kettle to a set pressure (the value is greater than the phase equilibrium pressure), closing the inlet valve of the reaction kettle, and standing for 24 hours to fully dissolve the gas into the water; meanwhile, starting a confining pressure loading system, and slowly injecting nitrogen into the air bag to a specified pressure; adjusting the temperature to a set value, and cooling the reaction kettle; starting a temperature and pressure monitoring system in the kettle and a displacement and strain monitoring system in the kettle in the cooling process to monitor the temperature, the pressure and the deformation of the gas hydrate in the generation process; and when the pressure in the reaction kettle does not decrease any more, the generation of the hydrate is considered to be finished. For the gas hydrate decomposition process, setting the back pressure valve to be a set value lower than the phase equilibrium pressure of the gas hydrate, opening an outlet valve of the reaction kettle and an exhaust valve of the intermediate container, discharging unreacted free gas, decomposed gas and water under the drive of differential pressure through a gas production well, flowing into the intermediate container, and weighing the mass of the intermediate container in real time; similarly, a high-speed camera monitors a change signal in the reaction kettle and an image of the decomposition process in real time; the signals are collected by a computer and analyzed in real time; and after the decomposition is finished, removing the sediment out of the reaction kettle, washing and drying to finish the experiment.
FIG. 4 is an example of a geometric model and its meshing in numerical simulation software of a visualized low-temperature high-pressure autoclave with multi-physical field response of a gas hydrate phase change process. The butt joint of numerical simulation and physical (experimental) simulation is an optimal method for verifying the numerical model, and determines the application accuracy of the numerical model on large scale and large industry. In the finite element numerical simulation, data of all grid points are calculated to characterize the physical quantity change of the whole area. The high-quality grid needs to be subdivided at the position where the gradient of the physical quantity changes violently so as to achieve the purpose of accurate representation. If the position of the experiment system (in the reaction kettle) with severe gradient change of the physical quantity cannot be effectively monitored, the accuracy of the numerical model verification cannot be ensured. This example gives a general meshing in a geometric model to clarify the effect of the invention on the layout of the locations of the openings for connecting the temperature and pressure sensors. During gas hydrate decomposition, whether on a laboratory scale or a site scale, hydrates generally reach an unstable state by reducing bottom hole pressure and then decompose, so that a position close to a well is a position where hydrate decomposition is severe, and the change of a physical field is also larger. The real phenomenon is fully considered by the distribution principle of the reaction kettle for the temperature and pressure sensors, and the sensors are distributed according to equal difference (the tolerance is larger than 0) from a near well to a far well, so that the physical field with violent change at the near well can be effectively monitored by the reasonable distribution mode. As can be seen from fig. 4, the grid division on the left side (the arrangement position of the well) near the center of the circle is finer, the grids gradually increase from left to right, which is the same as the arrangement principle of the reaction kettle on the temperature and pressure sensor in the direction, and the position with violent gradient change of the physical quantity is carefully monitored.
Claims (1)
1. A visual low-temperature high-pressure reaction kettle for monitoring multi-physical field response in a gas hydrate phase change process is characterized by comprising a visual low-temperature high-pressure reaction kettle main body, a confining pressure loading system, an in-kettle temperature and pressure monitoring system and a displacement and strain monitoring system;
the visualized low-temperature high-pressure reaction kettle main body is mainly used for preparing a hydrate sediment sample and performing a phase change experiment on a gas hydrate, the appearance of the visualized low-temperature high-pressure reaction kettle main body is a sector with a central angle of 30 degrees, namely, the visualized low-temperature high-pressure reaction kettle main body is formed by cutting a cylinder along a direction vertical to a sector with a central angle of 30 degrees, and the radius-height length ratio of an original cylinder is more than 2; the front and the back of the sector are rectangular, the upper cover surface and the bottom surface are sector, and except that the front visible window is made of sapphire, the rest parts are made of stainless steel; 5 holes are distributed on the bottom surface, wherein 1 is a waste liquid discharge port, 4 are multipoint thermal resistance interfaces, and the 4 thermal resistance interface openings are positioned on a fan-shaped angular bisector and distributed outwards along the radial direction at equal intervals; 3 holes are distributed on the upper cover surface, 2 of the holes are positioned on an angular bisector and are respectively an air/liquid inlet/outlet and a reserved opening, the holes are respectively close to the circle center and the circumference of the upper cover surface as much as possible on the basis of meeting safety check, and the middle 1 is an air inlet/outlet interface of the air bag; 15 holes are distributed on the back for externally connecting the pressure sensor, 15 holes are distributed in a mode of 3 rows in the axial direction and 5 columns in the radial direction, the holes are distributed at equal intervals in the axial direction, the interval distance is one fourth of the inner height of the reaction kettle, the holes are distributed along the radial direction from the center of a circle to the outside and at equal intervals, and the hole tolerance of the holes is the same as that of the holes formed on the thermal resistance interface;
the confining pressure loading system comprises an air bag and an external pressure supply device; the air bags are positioned on the inner side of the upper cover surface and the inner side of the arc side surface of the reaction kettle and are used for applying loads to simulate the pressure and confining pressure of the underground upper cover layer; the external pressure supply equipment is connected with the air bag through a high-pressure hose to realize the control of the gas pressure in the air bag;
the temperature and pressure monitoring system in the kettle mainly comprises a temperature sensor and a pressure sensor; wherein the temperature sensor adopts a multipoint thermal resistor, temperature measuring points are distributed at equal intervals, and the interval distance is one fourth of the height in the reaction kettle;
the displacement and strain monitoring system mainly comprises a laser displacement sensor, a PIV and a DIC monitoring module; the laser displacement sensor is positioned on the inner side of the upper cover surface of the reaction kettle, between the air bag and the sediment, and is used for observing the sedimentation and expansion of the sediment; the PIV and DIC monitoring module mainly comprises a camera and an image processing system, wherein the camera shoots pictures through a front visual window, and the PIV and DIC technology is utilized to process the collected images to obtain a flow field, a displacement field and a strain field in the whole process.
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