CN115089766A - 一种利用静电纺丝制备人造皮肤的方法 - Google Patents

一种利用静电纺丝制备人造皮肤的方法 Download PDF

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CN115089766A
CN115089766A CN202210282431.6A CN202210282431A CN115089766A CN 115089766 A CN115089766 A CN 115089766A CN 202210282431 A CN202210282431 A CN 202210282431A CN 115089766 A CN115089766 A CN 115089766A
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曹冉
颜赛
夏宇涵
朱美芳
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种利用静电纺丝制备人造皮肤的方法，包括：(1)将聚合物材料加入到有机溶剂中，搅拌使其溶解，形成纺丝溶液；(2)将处理干净的猪皮置于铝箔上，将猪皮上表面朝上或猪皮下表面朝上，进行静电纺丝，得到纤维膜；将得到的纤维膜真空干燥，经后处理得到人造皮肤。本发明不仅具有合适的机械强度，还具有多孔性、透气性、透湿性等特点，能作为人造皮肤起到临时性的皮肤功能，又能促进人体皮肤的自我修复，具有良好的综合性能。

Description

一种利用静电纺丝制备人造皮肤的方法
技术领域
本发明属于静电纺丝领域，特别涉及一种利用静电纺丝制备人造皮肤的方法。
背景技术
皮肤是隔绝生物体与外界环境的重要屏障，对于人体而言皮肤更是不可或缺的器官。作为人体的最外层屏障，皮肤不仅可以抵抗一定的诸如摩擦、挤压等机械性损伤以保护内部器官组织，还作为人体最大免疫器官起到抵御细菌、病毒等微生物入侵的作用，同时也在体内成分保持和对人体的体温以及内分泌的调节中起到至关重要的作用。当皮肤的结构完整性破坏(例如创伤、烧伤、先天性皮肤异常等)，必须及时修复伤口以保持人体内环境平衡。而皮肤自我更新缓慢，待更新皮肤面积过大或是慢性伤口很难通过皮肤自我更新来愈合。因此人造皮肤具有很高的社会意义。
静电纺丝是一种简单易行的技术，其所制备的纤维直径从纳米级别至微米级别不等。由静电纺丝制备的纤维膜不仅在机械性能上具有合适的强度，而且具有良好的透气性、透湿性，且与天然细胞外基质结构类似，可以改善止血、促进细胞增殖、粘附和迁移，因此通过静电纺丝制备的纤维膜是一种极具前景的人造皮肤材料。
发明内容
本发明所要解决的技术问题是提供一种利用静电纺丝制备人造皮肤的方法，制备得到的人造皮肤不仅具有合适的机械强度，还具有多孔性、透气性、透湿性等特点，能作为人造皮肤起到临时性的皮肤功能，又能促进人体皮肤的自我修复，具有良好的综合性能。
本发明提供了一种利用静电纺丝制备人造皮肤的方法，包括：
(1)将聚合物材料加入到有机溶剂中，搅拌使其溶解，形成纺丝溶液；
(2)将处理干净的猪皮置于铝箔上，将猪皮上表面朝上或猪皮下表面朝上，进行静电纺丝，得到纤维膜；将得到的纤维膜真空干燥，经后处理得到人造皮肤。
所述步骤(1)中的聚合物材料包括PLA、PCL、PVDF、TPU、PAN、PLGA、PEO、明胶、壳聚糖中的一种或几种。
所述步骤(1)中的有机溶剂为六氟异丙醇、水、DMF中的一种或几种。
所述步骤(1)中的纺丝溶液质量浓度为10～20％。
所述步骤(2)中的静电纺丝工艺参数为15～25kV直流电，流速0.5～1mL/h，湿度55-65％。
所述步骤(2)中的后处理为50℃下真空干燥12h。
所述步骤(2)中得到的纤维膜同基底的表面形貌密切相关，如表面粗糙度、亲疏水性、透气性等。
有益效果
本发明不仅具有合适的机械强度，还具有多孔性、透气性、透湿性等特点，能作为人造皮肤起到临时性的皮肤功能，又能促进人体皮肤的自我修复，具有良好的综合性能；同时，通过调控不同特性的基底材料可以使得静电纺丝纤维薄膜具有一些特异的性能。
附图说明
图1为本发明的装置示意图；
图2为实施例1以猪皮上表面为基底所制备的人造皮肤的扫描电子显微镜照片及水接触角；
图3为实施例1以猪皮下表面为基底所制备的人造皮肤的扫描电子显微镜照片及水接触角；
图4为实施例1制备的人造皮肤的照片；
图5为实施例1制备的纤维膜的原子力显微镜照片。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施例，进一步阐述本发明。应理解，这些实施例仅用于说明本发明而不用于限制本发明的范围。此外应理解，在阅读了本发明讲授的内容之后，本领域技术人员可以对本发明作各种改动或修改，这些等价形式同样落于本申请所附权利要求书所限定的范围。
实施例1
图1为本发明的装置示意图。将具有特性的基底材料1覆盖在导电基底2上，静电纺丝溶液在推进装置6的作用下挤出，在高压电源4产生的高压直流电下拉伸形成泰勒锥5，最后由于弯曲不稳定性，射流落到不同特性的基底材料1上形成用于人造皮肤的纤维膜。接收装置对纤维的影响很大，通过调控基底材料的原位性质来调控静电纺丝纤维膜的性质。
以猪皮为基底的静电纺丝左旋聚乳酸PLLA纤维制备人造皮肤为例，包括如下步骤：
(1)将PLLA加入到六氟异丙醇中，搅拌使其溶解，形成纺丝溶液；
(2)将处理干净的猪皮置于铝箔上，将猪皮上表面朝上或猪皮下表面朝上，进行静电纺丝，得到纤维膜；将得到的纤维膜真空干燥，经后处理得到人造皮肤。
从图2可以看出以猪皮上表面为基底，静电纺丝得到的纤维直径较为均匀，纤维膜表现为疏水性。
从图3可以看出以猪皮下表面为基底，静电纺丝得到的纤维相互粘连，纤维膜表现为亲水性。
猪皮的上表面较为光滑、易干，干燥后较硬；而下表面则多油、不平整的特点。从图2与图3的对比可以看出，利用猪皮上、下表面的不同特征，可以调控静电纺丝纤维膜的不同形态及性能。
图4为实施例1以不同纺丝基底得到的人造皮肤照片。猪皮上表面，由于猪皮表面存在毛，则纺丝得到一些类似皮肤毛孔结构，膜的透气性较高；猪皮下表面脂肪较多，得到纤维表面粗糙不平，起伏较大，且从扫面电子显微镜下观察到纤维有黏连状态；以铝箔为基底得到的纤维表面相对平整；以无纺布为基底得到的纤维膜表面起伏较大。
图5为实施例1制备的纤维膜的原子力显微镜照片，可知以猪皮下表面以基底的纤维膜粗糙度更高。

Claims (7)

1.一种利用静电纺丝制备人造皮肤的方法，包括：
(1)将聚合物材料加入到有机溶剂中，搅拌使其溶解，形成纺丝溶液；
(2)将处理干净的猪皮置于铝箔上，将猪皮上表面朝上或猪皮下表面朝上，进行静电纺丝，得到纤维膜；将得到的纤维膜真空干燥，经后处理得到人造皮肤。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于：所述步骤(1)中的聚合物材料包括PLA、PCL、PLGA、PEO、明胶、壳聚糖、PVDF、TPU、PAN中的一种或几种。
3.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于：所述步骤(1)中的有机溶剂为六氟异丙醇、水、DMF中的一种或几种。
4.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于：所述步骤(1)中的纺丝溶液质量浓度为10～20％。
5.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于：所述步骤(2)中的静电纺丝工艺参数为15～25kV直流电，流速0.5～1mL/h，湿度55-65％。
6.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于：所述步骤(2)中的后处理为50℃下真空干燥12h。
7.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于：所述步骤(2)中得到的纤维膜同基底的表面形貌密切相关。
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