CN115074322B - 一种高效获取多种生物活性功能因子的鼻黏膜外胚层间充质干细胞三维培养方法 - Google Patents
一种高效获取多种生物活性功能因子的鼻黏膜外胚层间充质干细胞三维培养方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种高效获取多种生物活性功能因子的鼻黏膜外胚层间充质干细胞三维培养方法,属于干细胞及生物材料/组织工程领域。本发明提供的间充质干细胞三维悬浮培养的方法大大提高培养基内的种子细胞数量,相比二维贴壁培养增加了3‑5),而且三维悬浮培养的细胞可长期维持干细胞特性,在体外扩增10代以上不发生明显老化和分化。进一步的,本发明在培养基内加入透明质酸,通过激活CD44受体,刺激细胞分泌各种生物活性功能因子。在培养基内加入干细胞生长因子以及抗氧化剂,以促进干细胞增殖并维持细胞的干性,以利于将细胞球打散后传代扩增。在细胞传代时收集每代细胞的条件培养基,用于获取该细胞分泌的多种生物活性功能因子。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种高效获取多种生物活性功能因子的鼻黏膜外胚层间充质干细胞三维培养方法,属于干细胞及生物材料/组织工程领域。
背景技术
干细胞/生物材料组织工程支架移植修复组织与器官损伤是一种很有临床应用前景的治疗方法。在组织与器官损伤中,大面积皮肤缺损是一种常见的严重性创伤,可以作为评估干细胞/生物材料移植修复组织与器官损伤效果的模型病例。在皮肤损伤的治疗方面,不合理的治疗方法通常会引发细菌感染、组织脱水以及严重的二次创伤,严重危害人体健康。皮肤损伤的传统治疗方法包括自体皮移植、同种异体去细胞皮移植、异种去细胞皮移植以及干细胞/人造皮肤(贴膜)移植等。在上述治疗方法中,自体皮移植疗效肯定,没有排斥反应,是治疗皮肤缺损的首选方法,但是自体皮移植存在自体皮来源不足、供皮区创面形成疤痕和色素沉着等问题;异体皮移植因为会发生严重的排斥反应现,现已很少应用。在干细胞移植治疗皮肤或其它组织损伤方面,虽然已经取得了一些进展,但是自体干细胞的来源有限,而且细胞培养扩增周期较长,往往会错过最佳治疗窗口期;而异体干细胞移植同样会有具有排斥反应。因此,利用不含活细胞的干细胞分泌的生物活性功能因子联合生物材料制作具有促进组织再生的复合生物材料支架(贴膜)用于修复组织损伤,将可弥补上述组织/干细胞移植存在的不足。
基于干细胞条件培养基内含有种子细胞分泌的多种生物活性功能因子,如何高效获取这些功能因子,用于修复组织和器官损伤,很有实际研究价值。目前,用于修复组织损伤的各种生物活性功能因子主要包括生长因子(如EGF,bFGF,KGF,VEGF等)和细胞外基质蛋白(如Laminin,Fibronectin等)两大类,这些生物活性功能因子主要是转基因生物工程产品,生产过程复杂,生产成本很高,价格昂贵。这些因素限制了上述功能因子的推广应用。因此,从干细胞培养基内高效提取上述功能因子是一种很有应用前景的因子生产方法。但是,用常规方法进行干细胞培养时,细胞呈单层生长,单位体积培养基内的细胞密度较低,细胞外基质与细胞因子含量较少。同时,在单层贴壁生长过程中种子细胞很容易自发分化,分泌能力很快下降,从其条件培养中获取足量的功能因子比较困难。如果用悬浮细胞三维培养方法培养种子细胞,普通类型的细胞会因为脱离与细胞外基质的接触而发生失巢凋亡(Anoikis),大部分类型的干细胞在悬浮状态下也会通过激发自噬而进入休眠状态,使其不适合用于悬浮三维培养。因此,选择一种在体外培养过程长中不容易老化并且具有抗失巢凋亡的干细胞,进行悬浮成球三维培养可以很大程度提高单位体积培养基内的细胞密度,提高生物活性功能因子的产量。
发明内容
本发明的预实验结果表明,人和大鼠的鼻粘膜EMSC具有抗失巢凋亡的能力,在抗贴壁悬浮培养的情况下,细胞可聚集成多细胞球。据此,本发明选择该细胞作为三维悬浮培养的种子细胞,将鼻粘膜组织接种到底面铺有琼脂糖的培养瓶内,置水平摇床上慢速摇动悬浮培养。
本发明的第一个目的是提供一种鼻黏膜外胚层间充质干细胞培养基,所述培养基的组成为基础培养基、抗生素、缓冲剂和添加剂。
在一种实施方式中,所述基础培养基为高糖DMEM和F12按1:1配制。
在一种实施方式中,所述抗生素为青霉素和链霉素。
在一种实施方式中,所述缓冲剂为HEPES。
在一种实施方式中,所述添加剂为透明质酸、干细胞生长因子、抗氧化剂和/或细胞代谢营养物质。
在一种实施方式中,所述干细胞生长因子包括EGF、bFGF。
在一种实施方式中,所述抗氧化剂包括维生素C、还原型谷胱甘肽。
在一种实施方式中,所述细胞代谢营养物质包括丙酮酸、谷氨酰胺、非必需氨基酸。
在一种实施方式中,所述添加剂为2-10mg/ml透明质酸、10-50ng/ml EGF、5-20ng/ml bFGF、100-500μg/ml维生素C、50-200μg/ml还原型谷胱甘肽、1-5mM/L丙酮酸、1-5mM/L谷氨酰胺和/或1-5mM/L非必需氨基酸。
本发明还提供了一种间充质干细胞培养的方法,所述方法为:将间充质干细胞接种于含有上述培养基的培养瓶中进行悬浮培养,每天向培养基中加入添加剂,3~7天更换一次上述培养基,当细胞成团且细胞团直径为0.5~1.5mm时,进行细胞传代。
在一种实施方式中,所述悬浮培养的条件为水平往复运动,运动频率为5-10次/分钟,振幅为5-10cm。
在一种实施方式中,所述细胞传代的方法为向培养基中加入适量EDTA,吹打细胞团直至分散均匀,离心重悬后,接入含有上述培养基的培养瓶中继续培养。
在一种实施方式中,所述间充质干细胞包括鼻黏膜外胚层间充质干细胞。
在一种实施方式中,所述细胞传代的代数不超过10代。
在一种实施方式中,所述培养瓶的底部铺有琼脂水凝胶。
在一种实施方式中,所述添加剂为透明质酸、干细胞生长因子、抗氧化剂和/或细胞代谢营养物质。
在一种实施方式中,所述干细胞生长因子包括EGF、bFGF。
在一种实施方式中,所述抗氧化剂包括维生素C、还原型谷胱甘肽。
在一种实施方式中,所述细胞代谢营养物质包括丙酮酸、谷氨酰胺、非必需氨基酸。
在一种实施方式中,所述添加剂为2-10mg/ml透明质酸、10-50ng/ml EGF、5-20ng/ml bFGF、100-500μg/ml维生素C、50-200μg/ml还原型谷胱甘肽、1-5mM/L丙酮酸、1-5mM/L谷氨酰胺和/或1-5mM/L非必需氨基酸。
本发明的第三个目的是提供一种制备多功能生物活性物质的方法,所述方法为将间充质干细胞接种于含有上述培养基的培养瓶中进行悬浮培养,每天向培养基中加入新鲜的添加剂,3~7天更换一次上述培养基,当细胞成团且细胞团直径为0.5~1.5mm时,收集含有生物活性物质的培养基。
在一种实施方式中,将含有生物活性物质的培养基进行透析纯化,收集透析袋中的物质,并进行冷冻干燥。
在一种实施方式中,所述透析袋的截留分子量为4800~5100。
在一种实施方式中,所述悬浮培养的条件为水平往复运动,运动频率为5-10次/分钟,振幅为5-10cm。
在一种实施方式中,所述间充质干细胞包括鼻黏膜外胚层间充质干细胞。
在一种实施方式中,所述培养瓶的底部铺有琼脂水凝胶。
在一种实施方式中,所述添加剂为透明质酸、干细胞生长因子、抗氧化剂和/或细胞代谢营养物质。
在一种实施方式中,所述干细胞生长因子包括EGF、bFGF。
在一种实施方式中,所述抗氧化剂包括维生素C、还原型谷胱甘肽。
在一种实施方式中,所述细胞代谢营养物质包括丙酮酸、谷氨酰胺、非必需氨基酸。
在一种实施方式中,所述添加剂为2-10mg/ml透明质酸、10-50ng/ml EGF、5-20ng/ml bFGF、100-500μg/ml维生素C、50-200μg/ml还原型谷胱甘肽、1-5mM/L丙酮酸、1-5mM/L谷氨酰胺和/或1-5mM/L非必需氨基酸。
本发明的第四个目的是提供一种多功能组织工程复合皮肤贴膜,所述多功能组织工程复合皮肤贴膜中含有纤维蛋白、凝血酶、壳聚糖、京尼平、透明质酸、TG、抑肽酶、多功能生物活性物质。
在一种实施方式中,将根据上述方法制备得到的生物活性物质进行纯化并制备成冻干粉。
在一种实施方式中,将纤维蛋白、凝血酶、壳聚糖、京尼平、透明质酸、TG、抑肽酶和多功能生物活性物质混合,35~38℃交联反应10~14h。
在一种实施方式中,将100mg/ml纤维蛋白、10IU/ml凝血酶、10mg/ml壳聚糖、1mg/ml京尼平、3mg/ml透明质酸、0.03mg/ml TG、0.5mg/ml抑肽酶、20mg/ml生物活性物质冻干粉的水溶液注入大小适当的模具中置真空干燥箱内37℃交联反应12h。
在一种实施方式中,所述多功能生物活性物质是根据上述制备多功能生物活性物质的方法制备得到的。
本发明还提供了所述培养基,或所述间充质干细胞培养的方法,或所述制备多功能生物活性物质的方法,或所述多功能组织工程复合皮肤贴膜在医药、日化用品领域中的应用。
有益效果:
1、本发明提供的间充质干细胞三维悬浮培养的方法大大提高培养基内的种子细胞数量(大约是常规贴壁二维培养的3-5倍),而且三维悬浮培养的细胞可长期维持干细胞特性,在体外扩增10代以上不发生明显老化和分化(常规贴壁二维培养扩增5代以后,细胞的增殖能力明显下降)。
2、进一步的,本发明基于发现EMSC高表达透明质酸受体CD44的特性,在培养基内加入透明质酸,通过激活CD44受体,刺激细胞分泌各种生物活性功能因子。在此培养过程中为了防止细胞老化,在培养基内加入干细胞生长因子(EGF,bFGF)以及抗氧化剂,以促进干细胞增殖并维持细胞的干性(Stemness),以利于将细胞球打散后传代扩增。在细胞传代时收集每代细胞的条件培养基,用于获取该细胞分泌的多种生物活性功能因子。
附图说明
图1.鼻粘膜组织冰冻切片免疫组织化学染色。EMSC标志蛋白Nestin,CD44阳性细胞(Cy3-标记二抗染成红色)位于粘膜上皮下固有层内(粘膜组织细胞核用Hochest-33342染成蓝色)。
图2.普通贴培养的鼻粘膜EMSCs的二维生长特性。A,普通培养基贴壁传代培养的第三代EMSCs,免疫荧光染色Nestin呈现阳色性(Cy3,红色),细胞核呈蓝(Hochest-33342荧光染色);B,普通培养基贴壁培养的第三代EMSCs,免疫荧光染色CD44呈现阳性(Cy3,红色),细胞核呈蓝(Hochest-33342荧光染色)。
图3.悬浮成球摇动培养的鼻粘膜EMSCs多细胞球的生长特性。A,鼻粘膜悬浮培养后,粘膜内细胞迁移增殖形成的EMSCs细胞球(相差显微镜拍摄);B,EMSCs多细胞球内细胞的胞核用Hochest-33342染成蓝色;C,EMSCs多细胞球,免疫荧光染色CD44呈现阳性(Cy3-标记二抗染成红色);D,Hochest-33342荧光染色图片与CD44染色图片合成图片;E,EMSCs细胞球再用普通培养基培养24小时后,细胞球贴壁平铺,呈现二维方式生长。F,EMSCs细胞球再贴壁培养72小时后,球内迁移的细胞贴壁生长成为梭形。
图4.透明质酸和干细胞生长因子(EGF,bFGF)对EMSCs分泌生物活性物质的影响。A,ELISA方法测定贴壁培养的条件培养基内生物活性物质的浓度比较。B,ELISA方法测定悬浮三维培养的条件培养基内生物活性物质的浓度比较。C,冻干粉外观。
图5.EMSCs-CM冻干粉及其复合皮肤贴膜中EGF与KGF的体外释放曲线。
图6.多功能组织工程复合皮肤贴膜的结构检测:A,多功能组织工程复合皮肤贴膜的外观;B,电镜观察多功能组织工程复合皮肤贴膜:C,透射电镜观察多功能组织工程复合皮肤贴膜;D,显微镜观察体外培养的大鼠表皮细胞;E,大鼠表皮细胞的广谱细胞角蛋白(Cytokeratin-pan)抗体荧光染色;F,多功能组织工程复合皮肤贴膜的细胞相容性评价。
图7.多功能组织工程复合皮肤贴膜在修复大鼠背部全层皮肤损伤中的应用。A,动物皮肤缺损模型建立及贴膜移植;B,大鼠背部皮肤创面的动态愈合过程:B1~B4分别是手术后1天,3天,7天,14天的创面情况。
图8.大鼠背部的皮肤创面愈合情况。A,显示大鼠背部的皮肤创面外观;B,正常皮肤组织切片,显示皮肤的表皮以及真皮内的毛囊和皮脂腺;C,未治疗组创面皮肤组织切片;D,无活性因子贴膜贴敷组创面皮肤组织切片;E,多功能组织工程复合皮肤贴膜贴敷组创面皮肤组织切片;F,手术14天后各组(N=5)平均创面愈合率比较。
图9.各组动物创面皮肤组织切片的免疫组织化学染色。A,手术后21天创面皮肤组织切片免疫组织化学染色显示广谱细胞角蛋白Cytokeratin-pan阳性的表皮厚度:A1,未治疗组;A2,无活性因子贴膜贴敷组;A3,多功能组织工程复合皮肤贴膜贴敷组;B,手术后28天创面皮肤组织切片免疫组织化学染色,显示广谱细胞角蛋白Cytokeratin-pan阳性的表皮以及真皮组织内的附属器:B1,未治疗组;B2,无活性因子贴膜贴敷组;B3,含多功能组织工程复合皮肤贴膜贴敷组;C,正常皮肤广谱细胞角蛋白Cytokeratin-pan免疫组织化学染色:D,各组(N=5)表皮平均厚度;E,各组(N=5)皮肤真皮组织内的附属器密度比较。
图10.p63免疫组织化学染色。A,未治疗组;B,无活性因子贴膜贴敷组;C,多功能组织工程复合皮肤贴膜贴敷组;D,正常组;E,单位长度表皮内P63阳性表皮干细胞平均数量。
具体实施方式
实施例1.冰冻切片免疫荧光染色
1.鼻粘膜取材:成年SD大鼠体重250~300g(江南大学实验动物中心提供),经0.35%戊巴比妥钠(35mg/kg)腹腔注射麻醉,消毒面部皮肤。在无菌条件下经双侧鼻孔沿鼻腔向上至内眦部剪开皮肤及鼻骨,暴露鼻中隔粘膜,用眼科剪剪取下1/3鼻中隔置PBS中,漂洗三次去除血迹,转移至4%多聚甲醛固定24h后,用30%蔗糖磷酸盐缓冲液4℃浸泡12h,待黏膜下沉后取出,用恒冷箱切片机切片(片厚20μm)、贴膜、晾干,4%多聚甲醛后固定24h。
2.免疫荧光染色:
(1)0.25%Triton X-10037℃孵育30min;
(2)BSA 37℃孵育1h;
(3)兔抗Nestin和兔抗CD44抗体(均为1:300稀释度)4℃孵育24h,37℃孵育2h;
(4)PBS漂洗3次,每次5min;
(5)Cy3标记的羊抗兔IgG(1:300稀释度)37℃孵育1h;
(6)PBS漂洗3次,每次5min;
(7)Hoechst 33342避光37℃孵育10min,用于标记细胞核;
(8)PBS漂洗3次,每次5min;
(9)中性甘油封片,于荧光显微镜下观察及摄片。以PBS代替一抗或二抗用作阴性对照。染色结果表明,在鼻粘膜固有层内存在Nestin及CD44染色阳性圆形或卵圆形的EMSCs(图1)。
实施例2.鼻粘膜EMSC用普通培养基贴壁培养
将成年大鼠鼻粘膜剪碎接种于普通培养瓶用普通培养基培养。
普通培养基配方为:基础培养基为高糖DMEM+F12(1:1),添加剂为:胎牛血清(10%);青霉素(200U/ml)和链霉素(200U/ml)。为了观察透明质酸和干细胞生长因子对EMSC分泌生物活性物质的影响,并与三维培养比较,在上述普通培养基内加入或不加入透明质酸(2-10mg/ml)与干细胞生长因子:EGF(10-50ng/ml)、bFGF(5-20ng/ml)。
当粘膜内细胞从组织块内向外迁移,增殖铺满瓶底时用胰酶消化,收集细胞悬液离心去除上清后重新接种传代培养。收集贴壁培养第3代EMSC的条件培养基,检测其中各种功能因子的含量。
为观察EMSC的生长状态和干细胞特性,将贴壁的细胞消化后接种于24孔普通培养板,当细胞铺满板底后,吸干培养基用多聚甲醛固定,用Nestin,CD44抗体进行免疫荧光染色,观察细胞形态。免疫荧光染色结果显示,普通贴壁培养的EMSCs呈梭形,单层贴壁生长,干细胞标志蛋白Nestin和CD44染色为阳性(见图2)。
实施例3.鼻黏膜干细胞的悬浮成球摇动培养
配置鼻黏膜干细胞三维培养的专用培养基:基础培养基为高糖DMEM+F12(1:1),加入青霉素200U/ml和链霉素200U/ml以及缓冲剂HEPES(15mM/L左右),调节pH为7.2-7.4;添加剂为:
1)透明质酸(2-10mg/ml);
2)干细胞生长因子:EGF(10-50ng/ml)、bFGF(5-20ng/ml);
3)抗氧化剂:维生素C(100-500μg/ml)、还原型谷胱甘肽(50-200μg/ml);
4)细胞代谢营养物质:丙酮酸(1-5mM/L)、谷氨酰胺(1-5mM/L)、非必需氨基酸(1-5mM/L)。
鼻黏膜干细胞三维培养:从成年大鼠鼻中隔及下鼻甲上剥取鼻黏膜,鼻黏膜取出后用4℃PBS漂洗3次后充分剪碎,置于37℃培养箱中胰酶消化15min,1000r/min离心弃上清后将沉淀的小组织块接种于底部铺有琼脂水凝胶的培养瓶防止细胞贴壁,在培养瓶内加入足量的专用培养基。将培养瓶放置在水平摇床上,置CO2培养箱内(37℃,5%CO2,饱和湿度)轻轻摇动(使细胞容易从鼻粘膜组织内向外迁移)培养。摇床水平往复运动,运动频率为5-10次/分钟,振幅为5-10cm。每天向培养基内加入新鲜因子和各种添加剂,3-7天换培养液一次。当悬浮的多细胞球直径达到1毫米左右时(培养基内细胞球密度大约为100个/ml,每个球内含有约10000-12000个细胞),加入适当浓度EDTA,用吸管吹打,将细胞球打散,2000r/min离心收集上清,收集得到含多种生物活性功能因子的EMSCs条件培养基(EMSCs-Conditional Medium,EMSCs-CM),将细胞沉淀吹散后重新接种入新培养瓶内继续扩增培养(可扩增10代)。
为了评价本发明悬浮成球摇动培养时干细胞的干性(Stemness)和活力,将培养获得的第5代干细胞球吸出,用干细胞标志蛋白透明质酸受体CD44抗体进行免疫荧光染色,并且将细胞球重新黏附于培养板底,用含有胎牛血清(10%)的高糖DMEM+F12(1:1)培养基贴壁培养,观察细胞球贴壁和细胞球内细胞迁移生长情况。结果如图3所示,细胞球贴壁培养24h后,球内细胞向周边迁移,细胞呈现CD44阳性,再贴壁培养72h后迁移的细胞变为长梭形,细胞呈现CD44阳性,表明EMSCs细胞球内的细胞仍然具有很强的活力。
实施例4.条件培养基的收集、功能因子浓度测定和培养基的透析及冻干
在进行实施例3的三维培养时,为了观察透明质酸和干细胞生长因子对EMSC分泌生物活性物质的影响,并与二维培养比较,在培养基内加入或不加入透明质酸(5mg/ml)与干细胞生长因子:EGF(20ng/ml)、bFGF(10ng/ml)。细胞培养72h后收集EMSCs-CM,测定其内内各种生物活性物质的浓度,并与实施例2的相同透明质酸和因子浓度及其组合的二维培养条件下,EMSCs的条件培养基内生物活性物质浓度进行比较。已经测定的生物活性物质包括细胞生长因子(VEGF,KGF,EGF,bFGF,SHH),抗炎因子IL-10和细胞外基质纤维连接蛋白Fibronectin。
结果表明,无论是贴壁二维培养和悬浮三维培养,在培养基内分别加入透明质酸(5mg/ml)或干细胞生长因子EGF(20ng/ml)、bFGF(10ng/ml),都可以明显促进细胞分泌生物活性物质(提高3倍左右),而且同时加入透明质酸和生长因子具有协同作用。更有价值的是,利用实施例3的悬浮培养方法获取的EMSCs-CM内的各种生物活性物质浓度明显高于实施例2中贴壁培养获得的EMSCs-CM内的浓度(三维培养基内生物活性物质浓度是二维培养基内相应生物活性物质浓度的3-5倍),各种生物活性因子的浓度比较见图4。
测定因子浓度后,将收集的EMSCs-CM灌装入透析袋(截留分子量为5000)内浸入足量的4℃灭菌去离子水中,置超净台内,在磁力搅拌器轻轻搅动下透析,每12小时换水一次,共换水3次。通过透析去除EMSCs-CM内的离子和小分子的细胞代谢产物。
透析袋内的EMSCs-CM收集后加入或不加入蛋白保护剂海藻糖,用真空冷冻干燥机-80℃冷冻干燥得到EMSCs-CM冻干粉,-20℃保存备用(图4)。该冻干粉不仅可作为含多功能因子的生物材料用于修复组织和器官损伤;亦可以用层析等方法,从中提取单组分活性因子,用于某些疾病的治疗或相关研究。
实施例5.制备多功能组织工程复合皮肤贴膜
(1)多功能组织工程复合皮肤贴膜的制备:将含有纤维蛋白(100mg/ml)、凝血酶(10IU/ml)、壳聚糖(10mg/ml)、京尼平(1mg/ml)、透明质酸(3mg/ml)、TG(0.03mg/ml)、抑肽酶(0.5mg/ml)、EMSCs-CM冻干粉(20mg/ml)水溶液注入大小适当的模具中置真空干燥箱内37℃交联反应12h,得到含鼻黏膜间充质干细胞来源的多种生物活性功能因子的水凝胶状贴膜。
(2)对该贴膜进行机械强度测定、因子释放特性测定和细胞相容性评价:
1)拉伸弹性模量测定:使用拉伸试验机测定水凝胶的杨氏弹性模量,拉伸速度0.3%/s,最大拉伸幅度50%。结果表明,拉伸时的杨氏弹性模量为18.5±2.2MPa,拉伸断裂幅度为44.6±6.5%。
2)贴膜内生物活性物质释放曲线测定:使用EGF和KGF的ELISA试剂盒预先测定冻干粉内相应生物活性物质含量(EGF:1.76mg/g,KGF:0.59mg/g),以便计算单位贴膜内EGF和KGF浓度。将上述方法(1)制备的含有EMSCs-CM冻干粉20mg的整块皮肤贴膜浸泡于5mL0.01M PBS(pH 7.4)中,37℃孵育,在1、2、3、5、7、10、14、21、28d时分别取100μL浸液冻存,每次取样后补入100μL PBS。分别测定浸液中的EGF和KGF浓度,以贴膜中的生物活性物质全部释放时的理论浓度(EGF为7.04μg/ml,KGF为2.35μg/ml)为100%,计算各时点的相对浓度作为EGF和KGF释放率。结果表明,EGF和KGF在最初两天中快速释放,之后14天内持续缓慢释放,说明该贴膜可以在长时间不断释放生物活性物质促进表皮增殖分化(图5)。
3)生物活性复合贴膜的结构观察和细胞相容性评价:
在观察贴膜结构的基础上,将含有胎牛血清(10%)的高糖DMEM+F12(1:1)培养基贴壁培养的幼年大鼠表皮细胞传代后种植在贴膜表面,置培养基内培养7天,观察表皮细胞在贴膜上的生长特性。同时设置表面没有种植表皮细胞的贴膜作为形态学观察的对照。将表面没有细胞的贴膜用戊二醛固定后,按照电镜观察的要求制作样品。用扫描电子显微镜观察其表面形貌;将贴膜制备成超薄切片后用透射电子显微镜观察贴膜的内部结构。表面种植表皮细胞的贴膜培养7天后用戊二醛固定后,用扫描电子显微镜观察细胞在贴膜上的生长状态。
图6A显示,该贴膜外观为具有较高弹性和韧性的水凝胶,由于使用了京尼平作为交联剂,交联反应后贴膜呈深蓝色。图6B扫描电镜照片显示,该水凝胶呈多孔网状结构,孔隙数量较多,孔隙均匀分布,孔径约为5-20μm。图6C透射电镜照片显示,贴膜内部由大量纤维组成,可见高密度的呈点状的纤维横截面密集均匀分布。图6D显示体外培养的大鼠表皮细胞,呈多边形紧密排列,该细胞用广谱细胞角蛋白(Cytokeratin-pan)抗体免疫荧光染色呈阳性(图6E)。图6F为表面生长EMSCs的生物活性复合贴膜的扫描电镜照片,显示大鼠表皮细胞在贴膜表面生长状态良好,表明含EMSC条件培养基冻干粉的复合皮肤贴膜与表皮细胞具有很好的生物相容性。
实施例6:多功能组织工程复合皮肤贴膜在修复大鼠背部全层皮肤损伤中的应用
(1)动物皮肤缺损模型建立及贴膜移植
将体重250g左右成年实验大鼠30只,用戊巴比妥钠(50mg/kg)腹腔注射麻醉。于大鼠背部制作1.5cm×1.5cm全层皮肤缺损的动物模型。
图7A显示手术程序:首先将大鼠背部皮肤进行剃毛处理,用碘伏对皮肤进行三次常规消毒,将动物放在超净手术台上。在消毒后的背部皮肤1.5cm×1.5cm区域内剪除全层皮肤,形成皮肤局部缺损创面。每只大鼠背部三个创口按从前向后顺序,分别作为:第一组,未治疗组,创面不用贴膜贴敷;第二组,无活性因子贴膜贴敷组,用不含冻干粉的生物材料贴膜贴敷创面;第三组,多功能组织工程复合皮肤贴膜贴敷组,用实施例5例制备的多功能组织工程复合皮肤贴膜贴敷创面。后两组的贴膜贴敷创面后用纤维蛋白原水凝胶(含凝血酶)滴在创面上使贴膜与创面边缘粘连。用3-0外科缝线将贴膜与创面边缘皮肤缝合,防止贴膜脱落。动物手术后每天拍摄照片并观察纪录创面有无红肿、渗出、感染现象。
至手术后14天,第一组,未治疗组创面自然愈合达50%左右,创面仍有血痂,存在轻度感染现象;第二组创面大部分愈合;第三组创面基本全部愈合。图7B显示创面愈合动态观察结果,B1~B4分别是手术后1天,3天,7天,14天的创面情况。全部动物创面完全愈合期统计数据表明:第一组创面完全愈合天数为28天左右;第二组创面完全愈合平均天数为21天左右;第三组创面完全愈合期缩短至平均14天左右。为了观察创面愈合过程中皮肤内的干细胞增殖以及表皮,真皮和皮肤附属器的再生情况,分别在手术后14天,21天,28天对部分动物麻醉后取材,制备全层皮肤组织切片,进行H-E染色和免疫组织化学染色。全面评价实施例5制备的贴膜促进创伤皮肤再生的效果。
(2)动物手术14天后取创面及其周边皮肤制作组织切片,H-E染色后观察创面组织再生情况
切取创面及其周边皮肤组织,用4%多聚甲醛固定中固定后,经梯度乙醇脱水,二甲苯透明后,从创面中心切断皮肤,断面向下直立放置在组织包埋框内包埋。从创面中心断面依次切片,片厚5微米。用载玻片贴膜后进行H-E染色。染色切片经脱水、透明封片后用显微镜观察皮肤创面的愈合情况。
图8A显示创面外观,可见第三组创面愈合情况明显好于其它两组;图8B-E为H-E染色皮肤组织切片显微照片,由此可以观察到正常皮肤的表皮层和真皮层。从外至内依次为表皮、真皮和皮下层,真皮内的有毛囊和皮脂腺(图8B)。图8C-E为手术14天后,各组皮肤组织切片的显微照片:未治疗组创面未完全愈合,真皮组织疏松,可见较多的炎症细胞(附图8C);无活性因子贴膜贴敷组创面基本愈合,新生表皮很薄,表皮基底面平滑,无钉状突起深入真皮组织,表皮与真皮连接疏松(图8D);多功能组织工程复合皮肤贴膜贴敷组创面已经完全愈合,新生表皮较厚,表皮基底面有钉状突起深入真皮组织,使表皮与真皮形成交错连结(图8E)。对创面测量以后,计算各组动物的创面愈合率,统计结果说明本发明制备的含有多种功能因子的鼻黏膜EMSC-CM冻干粉复合生物材料贴膜移植治疗,可明显促进皮肤损伤创面的愈合(图8F),多功能组织工程复合皮肤贴膜贴敷组的创面愈合率达到100%,显著高于不含活性因子贴膜贴敷组的71%(提高了41%)和无贴膜组的57%(提高了75%)。
(3)皮肤组织切片的免疫组织化学染色,评价贴膜移植促进皮肤创面干细胞增殖和附属器再生的效果
1)染色程序:用表皮细胞标志蛋白广谱角蛋白Cytokeratin-pan(CK-pan)和角蛋白14(Cytokeratin 14,CK14)以及表皮干细胞标志蛋白p63的抗体分别对步骤(2)的皮肤组织切片进行免疫组织化学染色,染色步骤如下:用二甲苯对上述组织切片脱蜡,梯度酒精脱水;用体积分数3%H2O2封闭液37℃孵育10min,灭活内源性过氧化物酶;PBS漂洗5min×3次;将切片浸入枸橼酸抗原修复液(pH 6.0)内,放置在微波炉中,先后以80%和40%的火力各加热5min,进行抗原修复。在室温下等其自然冷却,取出切片平放在湿盒中,滴加复合消化酶完全覆盖组织,37℃孵育15min,PBS漂洗5min×3次;用体积分数20%正常羊血清封闭液室温孵育15min,用滤纸吸去多余封闭液(勿漂洗);分别滴加兔抗CK-pan,CK14和p63抗体,置于冰箱内,4℃孵育过夜;切片浸入PBS中放在摇床上轻轻振荡漂洗15min×3次;擦干组织周围液体,滴加辣根过氧化物酶标记的羊抗兔IgG,室温下孵育30min,PBS漂洗5min×3次,轻轻振荡切片。擦干组织周围液体,用DAB/H2O2显色染液显色,显微镜下控制显色时间(4~10min),显色后用自来水充分漂洗。苏木素复染,常规递升梯度酒精脱水,二甲苯透明,中性树胶封片。
2)广谱角蛋白(CK-pan)免疫组织化学染色显示手术后21天表皮厚度:图9A1-A3显示,未治疗组的CK-pan染色阳性表皮很薄,只有2-3层细胞组成(A1);无活性因子贴膜贴敷组的CK-pan阳性表皮比创面未处理组厚,有数层细胞组成(A2);多功能组织工程复合皮肤贴膜贴敷组的CK-pan阳性表皮最厚,其基底面有钉状突起深入真皮组织(A3)。
3)CK14免疫组织化学染色显示手术后28天真皮组织内的附属器密度:图9B1为未治疗组,真皮内未见明显的皮脂腺和毛囊;图9B2为无活性因子贴膜贴敷组,真皮内可见稀少的皮脂腺和毛囊;图9B3为多功能组织工程复合皮肤贴膜贴敷组,真皮层内可见较多的毛囊和皮脂腺;图9C,正常皮肤CK-pan免疫组织化学染色图片,可见发育良好的表皮、毛囊和皮脂腺:图9D为各组(N=5)表皮平均厚度比较,说明EMSC-CM冻干粉可明显促进表皮再生;图9E为各组(N=5)皮肤真皮组织内的附属器密度比较,说明EMSC-CM冻干粉可明显促进真皮组织内的附属器再生。
4)p63免疫组织化学染色显示手术后21天创面部位表皮干细胞增殖情况:图10A为未治疗组,表皮很薄,少量P63阳性干细胞(棕色)位于基底层;图10B为无活性因子贴膜贴敷组,表皮为多层,P63阳性干细胞位于基底层和中层,密度高于创面未处理组;图10C为多功能组织工程复合皮肤贴膜贴敷组,表皮为多层,可见毛芽(表皮向真皮内的钉状突起),毛芽内干细胞可向深部迁移形成毛囊和皮脂腺(见手术后28天皮肤组织切片),表皮和毛芽内可见大量的P63阳性干细胞,密度明显高于其它两组;图10D为正常组,由于表皮处于相对静止期,表皮更新时主要由毛囊提供干细胞,所以P63阳性表皮干细胞主要分布在表皮基底层、毛囊、皮脂腺,毛囊开口处密度较高(此处干细胞可向表皮内迁移维持表皮更新能力);图10E为皮肤截面上单位长度表皮内P63阳性干细胞平均数量比较,含有EMSC-CM冻干粉的复合皮肤贴膜贴敷组的P63阳性干细胞平均数量(357个/mm)是不含冻干粉贴膜贴敷组(191个/mm)的1.87倍,是未治疗组(71个/mm)的5倍。由此说明,EMSC-CM冻干粉可促进创面周边正常皮肤的表皮干细胞增殖、迁移,该干细胞可分化为表皮以及毛囊和皮脂腺;用本发明获取的富含多种生物活性物质的EMSC条件培养基冻干粉联合其它生物材料可制备成高效促进全层皮肤组织再生的复合皮肤贴膜,用于修复皮肤损伤。
虽然本发明已以较佳实施例公开如上,但其并非用以限定本发明,任何熟悉此技术的人,在不脱离本发明的精神和范围内,都可做各种的改动与修饰,因此本发明的保护范围应该以权利要求书所界定的为准。
Claims (7)
1.一种鼻黏膜外胚层间充质干细胞培养的方法,其特征在于,所述方法为将鼻黏膜外胚层间充质干细胞接种于含有培养基的培养瓶中进行悬浮培养,每天向培养基中加入添加剂,3~7天更换一次培养基,当细胞成团且细胞团直径为0.5~1.5 mm时,进行细胞传代;所述培养基的组成为基础培养基、抗生素、缓冲剂和添加剂;
所述基础培养基为高糖DMEM和F12;所述抗生素为青霉素和链霉素;所述缓冲剂为HEPES;所述添加剂为2-10 mg/ml透明质酸、10-50 ng/ml EGF、5-20 ng/ml bFGF、100-500μg/ml 维生素C、50-200 μg/ml 还原型谷胱甘肽、1-5 mM/L 丙酮酸、1-5 mM/L 谷氨酰胺和1-5 mM/L 非必需氨基酸。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,所述悬浮培养的条件为水平往复运动,运动频率为5-10次/分钟,振幅为5-10 cm。
3.一种制备多功能生物活性物质的方法,其特征在于,所述方法为将鼻黏膜外胚层间充质干细胞接种于含有培养基的培养瓶中进行悬浮培养,每天向培养基中加入添加剂,3~7天更换一次培养基,当细胞成团且细胞团直径为0.5~1.5 mm时,收集培养基,将培养基进行透析纯化,收集透析袋中的物质,并进行冷冻干燥得多功能生物活性物质;所述培养基的组成为基础培养基、抗生素、缓冲剂和添加剂;
所述基础培养基为高糖DMEM和F12;所述抗生素为青霉素和链霉素;所述缓冲剂为HEPES;所述添加剂为2-10 mg/ml透明质酸、10-50 ng/ml EGF、5-20 ng/ml bFGF、100-500μg/ml 维生素C、50-200 μg/ml 还原型谷胱甘肽、1-5 mM/L 丙酮酸、1-5 mM/L 谷氨酰胺和1-5 mM/L 非必需氨基酸。
4.根据权利要求3所述的方法,其特征在于,所述透析袋的截留分子量为4800~5100。
5.一种多功能组织工程复合皮肤贴膜,其特征在于,所述多功能组织工程复合皮肤贴膜中含有纤维蛋白、凝血酶、壳聚糖、京尼平、透明质酸、TG、抑肽酶、根据权利要求3或4所述方法制备的多功能生物活性物质。
6.根据权利要求5所述的一种多功能组织工程复合皮肤贴膜,其特征在于,将纤维蛋白、凝血酶、壳聚糖、京尼平、透明质酸、TG、抑肽酶和根据权利要求3或4所述方法制备的多功能生物活性物质混合,于35~38°C交联反应10~14 h。
7.培养基,或权利要求1或2所述鼻黏膜外胚层间充质干细胞培养的方法,或权利要求3或4所述制备多功能生物活性物质的方法,或权利要求5或6所述多功能组织工程复合皮肤贴膜在制备医药、日化用品中的应用;将鼻黏膜外胚层间充质干细胞接种于含有所述培养基的培养瓶中进行悬浮培养,所述培养基的组成为基础培养基、抗生素、缓冲剂和添加剂;
所述基础培养基为高糖DMEM和F12;所述抗生素为青霉素和链霉素;所述缓冲剂为HEPES;所述添加剂为2-10 mg/ml透明质酸、10-50 ng/ml EGF、5-20 ng/ml bFGF、100-500μg/ml 维生素C、50-200 μg/ml 还原型谷胱甘肽、1-5 mM/L 丙酮酸、1-5 mM/L 谷氨酰胺和1-5 mM/L 非必需氨基酸。
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CN111334466A (zh) * | 2020-03-11 | 2020-06-26 | 北京大学口腔医学院 | 间充质干细胞球及其制备方法和应用以及成球培养基在制备间充质干细胞球中的应用 |
CN112608894A (zh) * | 2020-12-31 | 2021-04-06 | 任建华 | 一种间充质干细胞培养基 |
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CN1376067A (zh) * | 1999-05-14 | 2002-10-23 | 先进组织科学公司 | 条件细胞培养基组合物及其应用方法 |
CN109852584A (zh) * | 2018-12-28 | 2019-06-07 | 广州润虹医药科技股份有限公司 | 具有促进间充质干细胞分泌细胞因子功效的组合物及应用 |
CN111334466A (zh) * | 2020-03-11 | 2020-06-26 | 北京大学口腔医学院 | 间充质干细胞球及其制备方法和应用以及成球培养基在制备间充质干细胞球中的应用 |
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