CN115073786A - 一种改性氰酸酯基透波复合材料及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种改性氰酸酯基透波复合材料及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开一种改性氰酸酯基透波复合材料及其制备方法,涉及复合材料领域,基于热塑增韧改性双酚M氰酸酯,采用双组分异辛酸类催化剂控制反应温度,制备了改性氰酸酯预聚物;以各类混编型纤维作为复合材料增强体,通过TEOS复合相水解法对杂化混编纤维表面进行改性处理,使其与改性氰酸酯树脂均匀浸润复合,制备了混编纤维增强改性氰酸酯复合材料,其具有较低介电常数与介电损耗,高温层间结合强度高、树脂基体不同温度下可控固化,能够满足新一代天线技术对高性能透波材料的应用要求。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及复合材料领域,具体涉及一种改性氰酸酯基透波复合材料及其制备方法。
背景技术
透波复合材料技术是属于天线罩制造领域中的材料学分支技术之一,也是属于树脂基复合材料专业中的一种。近年来,新一代天线技术发展迅猛,不仅要实现在超宽频带、多频段下能够高效率传输电磁波,还要求天线罩能够在大功率射频发射工况下稳定工作,同时天线可与罩体结构一体化成型,这就对透波材料体系提出了低介电、低损耗、耐高温、强度高、易成型等技术要求。因此,目前现有透波复合材料的研发方向主要是通过一系列手段来降低介电常数和介电损耗、提高复合材料综合强度、改善材料的固化成型工艺。本发明是从以上这四个研究方向来制备一种具有低介电常数、高层间结合强度、温和固化制度的树脂基透波复合材料。
氰酸酯是一种含有两个或两个以上的氰酸酯官能团的酚类衍生物,在热和催化剂的作用下,氰酸酯会发生环化三聚反应,形成含有三嗪环的高度交联网络结构,是一种低介电、低损耗的树脂基体材料(介电常数2.6-3.2,介电损耗0.005-0.008),为了改善材料介电特性,通常将氰酸酯与空心石英纤维、芳纶纤维、PBO纤维、高密度聚乙烯纤维或混编杂化纤维等进行复合成型,虽然介电特性有所改善,但存在着材料综合强度较低、高温下介电常数易提高、混编纤维界面结合特性弱等一系列问题。近年来,针对固化温度过高会伤害氰酸酯与纤维界面效应的问题,还通过添加过渡金属类催化剂来将降低树脂的固化温度,但又会造成复合材料介电性能与耐热性能下降,难以满足新一代天线技术在材料综合性能方面的应用要求。
发明内容
本发明目的是通过对混编纤维表面处理,改善高温界面特性,并将其与改性氰酸酯进行有效复合,协同发挥各相材料的优点,提供一种低介电、低损耗、高温层间强度高的树脂基复合材料的制备方法,满足在新一代高性能透波材料方面的应用。
为实现上述目的,本发明采用以下技术方案:
一种改性氰酸酯基透波复合材料的制备方法,其步骤包括:
将双酚M氰酸酯单体加热进行预聚反应,得到双酚M氰酸酯预聚物;在所述双酚M氰酸酯预聚物中加入热塑性聚苯醚,搅拌均匀,反应熔融形成透明淡黄色预聚物;在所述淡黄色预聚物中加入双组分异辛酸类催化剂,搅拌均匀,得到改性氰酸酯树脂;
裁剪混编纤维织物并在高温下进行处理,再在丙酮中浸洗,得到预处理的混编纤维织物;称取硅烷偶联剂KH560、钛酸四丁酯、正硅酸酯类溶剂混合均匀,加入甲苯或乙酸乙酯调节粘度,得到改性液;将所述改性液均匀涂刷至所述预处理的混编纤维织物表面,进行预聚处理,得到表面改性混编纤维织物;
将所述改性氰酸酯树脂加入丙酮中,搅拌至溶解均匀,得到改性氰酸酯树脂胶液;将所述改性氰酸酯树脂胶液均匀涂覆于所述表面改性混编纤维织物上,进行烘干处理,得到混编纤维/改性氰酸酯预浸料;将所述混编纤维/改性氰酸酯预浸料进行固化成型,得到改性氰酸酯基透波复合材料。
进一步地,称取310-1200质量份的双酚M氰酸酯单体加入烧瓶中,在氮气保护下,135~150℃进行预聚反应,预聚反应时间为4-6h。
进一步地,称取12.4-48质量份的热塑性聚苯醚,在135~150℃下搅拌均匀,搅拌时间为1-2h。
进一步地,在75~85℃下加入0.06-0.23质量份的双组分异辛酸类催化剂,双组份异辛酸类催化剂为异辛酸镧、异辛酸镨、异辛酸铈、异辛酸钒中任何一种与异辛酸锌复合,二者质量比为1:1-2:1。
进一步地,混编纤维织物为芳纶III/石英混编纤维、PBO/石英混编纤维、空心/实心石英混编纤维中的一组,织物为缎纹编织结构,经纬密为16×18、24×28根/cm。
进一步地,将混编纤维织物先在250~320℃下热处理,再通过丙酮中浸洗8h,40℃下干燥24-36h。
进一步地,将1-4质量份的KH560、1-4质量份的钛酸四丁酯、7-28质量份的正硅酸酯类溶剂混合均匀,并加入100-400质量份的乙酸乙酯。
进一步地,所述正硅酸酯类溶剂为正硅酸甲酯、正硅酸乙酯、正硅酸丁酯中的一种。
进一步地,将改性液均匀涂刷至预处理的混编纤维织物表面,40-50℃下处理0.5h,110-150℃处理5min。
进一步地,将300-1160质量份的改性氰酸酯树脂加入丙酮中,氰酸酯树脂与丙酮的质量比为2:3-3:2,搅拌2-4h至溶解均匀。
进一步地,将改性氰酸酯树脂胶液均匀涂覆于改性混编纤维织物的表面上,40-50℃下烘干36h。
进一步地,将混编纤维/改性氰酸酯预浸料裁切后铺覆在模具上,固化成型条件为:100℃下0.5h,130℃下1.5h,150℃下2h,160℃下2h,177℃下0.5h,选用的工艺为模压工艺、热压罐工艺或RTM工艺。
一种改性氰酸酯基透波复合材料,由上述方法制备得到。
本发明基于热塑增韧改性双酚M氰酸酯,采用双组分异辛酸类催化剂控制反应温度,制备了改性氰酸酯预聚物;以各类混编型纤维作为复合材料增强体,通过TEOS复合相水解法对杂化混编纤维表面进行改性处理,使其与改性氰酸酯树脂均匀浸润复合,制备了混编纤维增强改性氰酸酯复合材料,其具有较低介电常数与介电损耗,高温层间结合强度高、树脂基体不同温度下可控固化,能够满足新一代天线技术对高性能透波材料的应用要求。
本发明取得了如下有益效果:
(1)本发明针对氰酸酯树脂固化温度过高,添加过渡金属类催化剂导致介电常数与介电损耗偏高、高温下树脂介电性能波动较大的问题,在聚苯醚改性双酚M氰酸酯树脂的基础上,采用双组元异辛酸类催化剂调节改性氰酸酯固化反应温度,进一步改善了树脂固化特性与综合强度,保证介电特性的同时,能够降低固化温度,可实现复合材料高温下的低介电常数、低损耗因子、固化温度可控;
(2)本发明针对石英纤维介电常数过高、有机纤维介电损耗偏大的问题,在树脂基透波材料中采用低密度、低介电常数与介电损耗的有机/无机混编型织物作为复合材料增强体,改变织物编织结构与参数为材料提供相应电学与力学性能支撑,在保证综合强度的同时,能够进一步降低介电常数,满足高性能透波材料对轻质、高强度、低损耗的性能要求。
(3)本发明针对混编纤维中双相纤维材料表面特性差异大,高温下界面强度易失效,层间结合强度低等问题,采用三组元纤维界面高温改性剂体系,可在纤维表面形成高温键能稳定的结合涂层(即耐高温浸润层),有效促进树脂基体与杂化纤维之间的界面浸润结合,提高改性氰酸酯与增强体之间的层间结合强度,提升复合材料高温层间剪切强度从而改善复合材料综合力学性能。本发明通过表面处理的方式,不但有助于实心/空心石英纤维,还有助于有机/石英这种杂化异质纤维织物,使它们与改性氰酸酯树脂之间具有更高的高温层间剪切强度。
附图说明
图1是本发明的一种改性氰酸酯基透波复合材料制备方法流程图。
具体实施方式
为使本发明的上述特征和优点能更明显易懂,下文特举实施例,并配合所附图作详细说明如下。
图1所示为本发明提出的一种改性氰酸酯基透波复合材料制备方法的流程图,以下列举实施例来实现本发明方法,以下实施例中所用的氰酸酯树脂均为双酚M氰酸酯,其介电常数为2.8-2.9,损耗角正切为0.005-0.006。
实施例1
称取450g氰酸酯单体倒入四口烧瓶中,在145℃下进行预聚反应4.5h,得到双酚M氰酸酯预聚物;然后加入12.4g热塑性聚苯醚并在145℃下搅拌1h至均匀,反应熔融形成透明淡黄色预聚物;最后,在80℃下加入0.04g异辛酸镧和0.02g异辛酸锌,高速搅拌均匀,得改性氰酸酯树脂;
裁切出400g重的经纬密24×28根/cm的实心/空心石英纤维布(即混编纤维织物),280℃下处理20min,浸泡至丙酮中8h,40℃下干燥24h,得到预处理的实心/空心石英纤维布;称取1g KH560、1g钛酸四丁酯、7g正硅酸丁酯混合均匀后,再加入130g乙酸乙酯,形成透明改性液;将其涂覆于预处理的实心/空心石英纤维布,在40℃下烘0.5h,125℃处理5min,即进行预聚处理,得到表面改性实心/空心石英纤维布;
称取300g改性氰酸酯树脂加入丙酮中,氰酸酯树脂与丙酮的质量比为2:3,常温下搅拌2h,形成棕黄色透明改性氰酸酯树脂胶液;然后,将改性氰酸酯树脂胶液均匀涂覆于表面改性实心/空心石英纤维布上,40℃下烘干36h;采用真空袋成型工艺进行固化,固化条件为:100℃下0.5h,130℃下1.5h,150℃下2h,160℃下2h,177℃下0.5h;最终得到实心/空心石英纤维增强改性氰酸酯复合材料。
实施例2
称取1200g氰酸酯单体在150℃下进行预聚反应6h,得到双酚M氰酸酯预聚物;然后加入48g热塑性聚苯醚在150℃下搅拌1.5h至均匀;最后,在85℃下加入0.12g异辛酸镧和0.11g异辛酸锌,高速搅拌均匀,得改性氰酸酯树脂;
裁切出1000g重的经纬密16×18根/cm的芳纶III/石英纤维布,320℃下处理20min,浸泡至丙酮中8h,40℃下干燥36h;称取4g KH560、4g钛酸四丁酯、28g正硅酸丁酯混合均匀后,再加入400g乙酸乙酯,形成透明改性液;将其涂覆于芳纶III/石英纤维布,45℃下烘0.5h,150℃处理5min,即进行预聚处理,得到表面改性实心/空心石英纤维布;
称取1160g改性氰酸酯预聚物加入丙酮中,氰酸酯树脂与丙酮的质量比为1:1,常温下搅拌4h,形成棕黄色透明溶液;然后,将改性氰酸酯树脂胶液均匀涂覆于表面处理后的芳纶III/石英纤维布上,45℃下烘干36h;采用真空袋成型工艺进行固化,固化条件为:100℃下0.5h,130℃下1.5h,150℃下2h,160℃下2h,177℃下0.5h;最终得芳纶III/石英纤维增强改性氰酸酯复合材料。
实施例3
称取310g氰酸酯单体在135℃下进行预聚反应4h,得到双酚M氰酸酯预聚物;然后加入22g热塑性聚苯醚在135℃下搅拌2h至均匀;最后,在75℃下加入0.05g异辛酸镧和0.05g异辛酸锌,高速搅拌均匀,得改性氰酸酯树脂;
裁切出500g重的经纬密16×18根/cm的PBO/石英纤维布,250℃下处理20min,浸泡至丙酮中8h,40℃下干燥30h;称取1.6g KH560、1.6g钛酸四丁酯、11.2g正硅酸乙酯混合均匀后,再加入100g乙酸乙酯,形成透明改性液;将其涂覆于PBO/石英纤维布,50℃下烘0.5h,110℃处理5min,即进行预聚处理,得到表面改性实心/空心石英纤维布;
称取500g改性氰酸酯预聚物加入丙酮中,氰酸酯树脂与丙酮的质量比为3:2,常温下搅拌2h,形成棕黄色透明溶液;然后,将改性氰酸酯树脂胶液均匀涂覆于表面处理后的PBO/石英纤维布上,50℃下烘干36h;采用真空袋成型工艺进行固化,固化条件为:100℃下0.5h,130℃下1.5h,150℃下2h,160℃下2h,177℃下0.5h;最终得芳纶III/石英纤维增强改性氰酸酯复合材料。
对比例1
称取500g双酚M型氰酸酯预聚物加入丙酮中,常温下搅拌3h,形成淡黄色透明溶液,然后,将树脂胶液均匀涂覆于实心/空心石英纤维布上,40℃下烘干36h;采用真空袋成型工艺进行固化,固化条件为:80℃下1h,150℃下2h,180℃下2h,200℃下2h,230℃下0.5h;最终得实心/空心石英纤维增强氰酸酯复合材料。
对比例2
称取500g双酚M型氰酸酯预聚物加入丙酮中,常温下搅拌3h,形成淡黄色透明溶液,然后,将树脂胶液均匀涂覆于芳纶III/石英纤维布上,40℃下烘干36h;采用真空袋成型工艺进行固化,固化条件为:80℃下1h,150℃下2h,180℃下2h,200℃下2h,230℃下0.5h;最终得实心/空心石英纤维增强氰酸酯复合材料。
对比例3
称取500g双酚M型氰酸酯预聚物加入丙酮中,常温下搅拌3h,形成淡黄色透明溶液,然后,将树脂胶液均匀涂覆于PBO/石英纤维布上,40℃下烘干36h;采用真空袋成型工艺进行固化,固化条件为:80℃下1h,150℃下2h,180℃下2h,200℃下2h,230℃下0.5h;最终得实心/空心石英纤维增强氰酸酯复合材料。
实施例1-3和对比例中介电常数、介电损耗以及机械强度的测试结果列于表1中。
表1氰酸酯基复合材料力学性能及电性能测试结果
由上表可知,采用双组份催化剂能够显著降低树脂固化温度,改善了复合材料在高温下低介电特性,还提高了复合材料的综合强度。表面改性有益于改善不同结构的同质纤维织物与树脂之间的高温界面结合,提高复合材料的层间剪切强度。本发明采用的表面处理方法还可有效改善有机纤维与石英纤维混合编织的杂化型织物的浸润层,从而有效提高复合材料层间结合强度。三个实施例中,实施例1中选用的参数为设计的最佳条件,可以看出其介电常数和损耗与实施例2-3相当,但是层间剪切强度要远远好于实施例2-3,取得了最佳的技术效果。
虽然本发明已以实施例公开如上,然其并非用以限定本发明,本领域的普通技术人员对本发明的技术方案进行的适当修改或者等同替换,均应涵盖于本发明的保护范围内,本发明的保护范围以权利要求所限定者为准。
Claims (10)
1.一种改性氰酸酯基透波复合材料的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤包括:
将双酚M氰酸酯单体加热进行预聚反应,得到双酚M氰酸酯预聚物;在所述双酚M氰酸酯预聚物中加入热塑性聚苯醚,搅拌均匀,反应熔融形成透明淡黄色预聚物;在所述淡黄色预聚物中加入双组分异辛酸类催化剂,搅拌均匀,得到改性氰酸酯树脂;
裁剪混编纤维织物并在高温下进行处理,再在丙酮中浸洗,得到预处理的混编纤维织物;称取硅烷偶联剂KH560、钛酸四丁酯、正硅酸酯类溶剂混合均匀,加入甲苯或乙酸乙酯调节粘度,得到改性液;将所述改性液均匀涂刷至所述预处理的混编纤维织物表面,进行预聚处理,得到表面改性混编纤维织物;
将所述改性氰酸酯树脂加入丙酮中,搅拌至溶解均匀,得到改性氰酸酯树脂胶液;将所述改性氰酸酯树脂胶液均匀涂覆于所述表面改性混编纤维织物上,进行烘干处理,得到混编纤维/改性氰酸酯预浸料;将所述混编纤维/改性氰酸酯预浸料进行固化成型,得到改性氰酸酯基透波复合材料。
2.如权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,称取310-1200质量份的双酚M氰酸酯单体加入烧瓶中,在氮气保护下,135~150℃进行预聚反应,预聚反应时间为4-6h;称取12.4-48质量份的热塑性聚苯醚,在135~150℃下搅拌均匀,搅拌时间为1-2h。
3.如权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,在75~85℃下加入0.06-0.23质量份的双组分异辛酸类催化剂,双组份异辛酸类催化剂为异辛酸镧、异辛酸镨、异辛酸铈、异辛酸钒中任何一种与异辛酸锌复合,二者质量比为1:1-2:1。
4.如权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,混编纤维织物为芳纶III/石英混编纤维、PBO/石英混编纤维、空心/实心石英混编纤维中的一组,织物为缎纹编织结构,经纬密为16×18、24×28根/cm。
5.如权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,将混编纤维织物先在250~320℃下热处理,再通过丙酮中浸洗8h,40℃下干燥24-36h。
6.如权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,将1-4质量份的KH560、1-4质量份的钛酸四丁酯、7-28质量份的正硅酸酯类溶剂混合均匀,并加入100-400质量份的乙酸乙酯;所述正硅酸酯类溶剂为正硅酸甲酯、正硅酸乙酯、正硅酸丁酯中的一种。
7.如权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,将改性液均匀涂刷至预处理的混编纤维织物表面,40-50℃下处理0.5h,110-150℃处理5min;将改性氰酸酯树脂胶液均匀涂覆于改性混编纤维织物的表面上,40-50℃下烘干36h。
8.如权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,将300-1160质量份的改性氰酸酯树脂加入丙酮中,氰酸酯树脂与丙酮的质量比为2:3-3:2,搅拌2-4h至溶解均匀。
9.如权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,将混编纤维/改性氰酸酯预浸料裁切后铺覆在模具上,固化成型条件为:100℃下0.5h,130℃下1.5h,150℃下2h,160℃下2h,177℃下0.5h,选用的工艺为模压工艺、热压罐工艺或RTM工艺。
10.一种改性氰酸酯基透波复合材料,其特征在于,由权利要求1-9任一项所述的方法制备得到。
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CN116100932A (zh) * | 2022-10-24 | 2023-05-12 | 航天特种材料及工艺技术研究所 | 一种用于制备介电调控纤维增强树脂基复合材料的方法 |
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