CN115067248A - Device and method for restoring yellow river mouth intertidal zone shoal fishery habitat - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a device and a method for restoring the fishery habitat of the shoal of the intertidal zone of a yellow river mouth, belonging to the technical field of ecological restoration, wherein the device comprises a frame, a marking floating plate, a water layer biological attachment, a bottom grid reef plate and a fixed cement block; the upper end of the frame is connected with the identification floating plate, the upper part and the lower part inside the frame are connected with the water layer biological attachments, and the bottom grid reef plate is arranged at the bottom of the frame; the fixed cement block is connected to the lower part of the frame; the device is suitable for the characteristics of the yellow river mouth shoal habitat, has stable structure, recoverability, light weight, large effective area and difficult sinking, is suitable for soft mud substrate use, provides multi-level fish foraging places and hidden habitat, improves the water area utilization efficiency, increases the biodiversity, improves the fishery biomass, and restores the fishery resource quantity in the sea area.

Description

Device and method for restoring yellow river mouth intertidal zone shoal fishery habitat

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of ecological restoration, and particularly relates to a device and a method for restoring a yellow river mouth intertidal zone shoal fishery habitat.

Background

The intertidal zone of the yellow river mouth and the shoal have rich biological resources, the ecological national ocean special protection area of the river mouth and the high-quality seedling source protection areas of a plurality of fishery species such as shellfish, fishes, clamworms and the like are planned, and the emerging economic fishes and invertebrates have typical regionality. In recent years, under the influence of high-strength fishing, environmental damage and the like, the river mouth habitat is degraded, and fishery resources are seriously declined along with the degradation. The development of a technology for restoring the fishery habitat of the intertidal zone of the yellow river mouth is necessary.

The main problems facing the restoration of the intertidal zone of the yellow river mouth and the fishery habitat of the shoal are as follows: first, more than 75% of the catch volume in the intertidal zone and shoal of the yellow river is contributed by small fish, shellfish, shrimp and crab, which have weak swimming abilities, and most species need to undergo the metamorphic development process from planktonic to sessile. The yellow river mouth is the largest river mouth in the north, the amount of silt entering the sea is large, the floating mud layer on the sea bottom is thick, the structure is easy to bury, and the organisms which are fixedly grown are easy to suffocate by burying the silt. In the ice season in winter, coastal sea ice and floating ice in the river opening have strong damage effect on water structures. Therefore, the developed fishery habitat restoration technology needs to be suitable for attachment of biological larvae, and has the performances of silt resistance, ice resistance and better stability. And secondly, large areas of oyster reefs are distributed in intertidal zones and shoal zones of the yellow river mouth once, and the vertical structures of the oyster reefs can provide fixing bases and spaces for the fishery organisms to inhabit, lay eggs and ask for baits to grow, so that the marine habitat with higher fishery organism diversity is provided. By means of and depending on natural oyster reef resources at the river mouth, a fishery habitat restoration technology is developed and is an important way for restoring fishery resources. However, due to artificial mining and environmental pollution, and serious seabed mud softening, the natural oyster reef resources and habitat at the yellow river estuary are degraded. Therefore, when a fishery habitat restoration technology in the intertidal zone of the yellow river mouth and the shallow beach area is developed, the oyster reef restoration technology has an oyster reef restoration function. Various estuary and offshore oyster reef repair techniques have been disclosed so far, such as 200810201194.6 (Changjiang estuary oyster reef construction method), 201510066998.X (an artificial reef construction method for recovering oyster reef biological resources from an oyster aphid mountain), 201910731423.3 (a method for rapidly constructing an ecological oyster reef), 202110484886.1 (an oyster reef repair system and an oyster reef ecological repair method), and the like. The prior art mostly puts into the reef body to the seabed that the matter is harder, silt siltation is few, and is comparatively obvious to benthos gathering effect, but then can not make full use of to the middle and upper waters. Thirdly, the intertidal zone of the yellow river mouth is irregular semi-diurnal tide, the water is shallow and has large daily change, the average tidal range is 1.5 to 1.7m, the maximum tidal range is 3.0m, and the bottom of the tidal flat can be exposed temporarily. Plankton and substrate organisms can be subjected to the survival threat of sunlight irradiation and water shortage for hours, so when the fishery habitat is repaired, the vertical difference of organism type distribution and the diversified demand on the vertical habitat need to be considered. And fourthly, the coastal tidal flat area of the yellow river estuary is planned to be a national-level marine special protection area, a plurality of ports and wharfs are arranged on the coastal, and structural materials are arranged inside and outside the tidal flat area, so that the tidal flat area is required to be environment-friendly, light and easy to move and strong in plasticity.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention provides a device and a method for restoring a yellow river mouth intertidal zone shoal fishery habitat aiming at the biological characteristics of the yellow river mouth, constructs a heterogeneous space required by the habitat and fixation of fishery organisms, increases the diversity of the fishery organisms and restores the fishery resource amount, and multiplies oyster populations and enlarges the living oyster reef area by means of and depending on natural oyster resources of the river mouth.

A device for restoring the fishery habitat of the shoal in the intertidal zone of a yellow river mouth is characterized by comprising a frame, a marking floating plate, a water layer biological attachment device, a bottom grid reef plate and a fixed cement block; the upper end of the frame is connected with the identification floating plate, the upper part and the lower part inside the frame are connected with the water layer biological attachments, and the bottom grid reef plate is arranged at the bottom of the frame; the fixed cement block is connected to the lower part of the frame;

the identification floating plate is connected to the upper part of the device and is used for identifying and slowing down the silting of the device; when the water level is low, the mark floating plate covers the frame to prevent the habitat in the frame from being directly irradiated by sunlight;

the water layer biological adhesive is used for adhering biological seedlings and eggs; the water layer biological adherends are pairs of shells, the inner surfaces of the shells can temporarily store water and moisturize, so that direct sunlight is prevented, the effective adhering area of the inner space is increased, and sheltering, fixing and inhabiting places are provided for fishes, shrimps and shellfish;

the single water layer biological attachment consists of a connecting rope and a shell pair, wherein two ends of the connecting rope are respectively fixed at the upper end and the lower end of the frame, and the shell pair is fixed on the connecting rope; a gap is reserved between the two shells of the shell pair, and the inner surfaces of the two shells are opposite; more than one pair of shells are fixed on one connecting rope;

the bottom grid reef plates are arranged at the bottom of the frame, every two bottom grid reef plates are opposite to each other to form a herringbone, so that a place for hiding, fixing and inhabiting bottom fishery organisms is provided, the oyster collector with oyster seedlings is inserted between the herringbone grid reef plates, oysters are cultivated, and oyster reefs are amplified.

The fixed cement blocks are used for stabilizing the frame and have anti-slip function.

Further, the area of the identification floating plate is larger than the maximum cross-sectional area of the frame.

Furthermore, the distance between every two pairs of shells is 5-10 cm.

Furthermore, the shell hangs on connecting the rope flatly, and one shell is facing up to a shell pair, and another shell is facing down.

A method for restoring a yellow river mouth intertidal zone shoal fishery habitat utilizing said device, said method comprising the steps of:

(1) collecting oyster seedlings; connecting and fixing the device, hanging a water layer biological attachment device fully soaked with seawater in advance on a frame when the water temperature is greater than 20 ℃ and the salinity is less than 20psu in 8 middle of the last 6 th month ten, monitoring the natural attachment quantity and growth condition of oyster larvae on the water layer biological attachment device, taking down shells with the larvae after the oysters are attached to the shells of the water layer biological attachment device and are fixed for 20-22 days, and supplementing and replacing new seedling-picking shells on the frame;

(2) cultivating a bottom grid reef plate; obliquely inserting and fixing shells attached with young shellfishes on a bottom grid reef plate at an angle of 45-60 degrees, transplanting the bottom grid reef plate full of oysters after 1-2 years, autumn and winter, and replacing the bottom grid reef plate with a new one;

(3) transplanting and amplifying the reef body; in an oyster reef area to be repaired, vertically clustering a plurality of transplanted oyster-carrying bottom grid reef plates, forming herringbone fishing reefs in a pairwise opposite mode, wherein the distance between fishing reef groups is 2-3 m, and determining the number of fishing reef groups according to the size and shape of the repair area;

(4) tracking and monitoring; monitoring fishery organisms around the device in each season by using underwater diving camera shooting; in 8 months of the breeding stage of the oysters, carrying out encryption monitoring, selecting a low tide stage every 10-20 days, monitoring the natural attachment quantity and growth condition of the oyster larvae, and timely transferring and replacing the water layer biological attachment device; transplanting and replacing the bottom grid reef plate every 1-2 years.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:

(1) the device constructs multi-level space according to the characteristics of yellow river mouth shoal habitat, makes full use of upper, middle and lower layer water area spaces, builds fish foraging areas and hidden habitats, improves water area utilization efficiency, increases biological diversity, improves fishery biomass, and restores sea area fishery resource amount.

(2) The water layer biological attachment and the bottom grid reef plate of the device provide an attachment base for fishery biological larvae, slow down water flow, provide places for benthos to shade, hide and perch, and improve effective attachment and utilization area of the inner space.

(3) The whole frame structure of the device is light, and the bottom grid reef plate is piled up into vertical cluster and is put, forms the epirelief rectangular pieces of land in a field, can resist silt siltation, overcomes and buries the difficulty that makes oyster grow difficulty and oyster reef structure because of silt deposit.

(4) The method depends on oyster reef resources in nature, and based on oyster biological characteristics and annual monitoring oyster larva quantity ecological characteristics at the yellow river mouth, the seedling collecting season is determined to be the time from the end of 6 months to 8 months in summer when the water temperature is more than 20 ℃ and the salinity is less than 20 psu. The method can collect the oyster seedlings in the whole water layer, directly attach the oyster seedlings in the natural sea area, increase the seedling attachment base, improve the oyster seedling attachment efficiency and proliferate the oyster population.

(5) The method adopts a sessile body to integrally transplant adult oysters to a degenerated natural oyster reef sea area, expands the living oyster reef area and repairs the habitat of the natural oyster reefs.

(6) The device has the advantages of environment-friendly material, easy combination, stable structure, recoverability, light weight, large effective area, difficult sinking, suitability for soft sediment and low cost. The method is simple and easy to implement.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a top view of the apparatus of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a side view of the apparatus of the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the aqueous layer bioadhesive of the apparatus of the present invention;

FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the bottom grid reef panel of the apparatus of the present invention;

fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of the placement of the underlying grid reef panels of the apparatus of the present invention.

In the figure: 1. the frame, 2, sign kickboard, 31, connecting rope, 32, shell are right, 4, bottom grid reef board, 5, fixed cement piece.

Detailed Description

The technical solution of the present invention is further explained by the following examples, but the scope of the present invention is not limited in any way by the examples.

Example 1

A device for restoring the fishery habitat of the shoal in the intertidal zone of a yellow river mouth comprises a frame 1, a marking floating plate 2, a water layer biological attachment device, a bottom grid reef plate 4 and a fixed cement block 5; the upper end of the frame is connected with the identification floating plate, the upper part and the lower part inside the frame are connected with the water layer biological attachments, and the bottom grid reef plate is fixed at the bottom of the frame; the fixed cement block 5 is connected to the lower part of the frame; the device is shown in figures 1-5.

The water layer biological attachment device consists of a connecting rope 31 and a pair of shells 32, wherein two ends of the connecting rope are respectively fixed at the upper end and the lower end of the frame, the pair of shells are fixed on the connecting rope, the inner surfaces of the two shells are opposite, and a gap is reserved between the two shells; the inner surface of the shell is the surface of the shell pearl, and more than one pair of shells are fixed on one connecting rope.

The specific construction method of the device is as follows:

(1) and (5) manufacturing a frame. The frame is made of elm, the height of the frame is more than 0.5m, the frame is a cuboid or a cube, and rope through holes are formed in the frame and used for hanging connecting ropes of the water layer biological attachment.

(2) The frame is connected with a mark floating plate. Connecting the identification floating plate with the frame by using a biological rope, wherein the identification floating plate is a foam plate, and the area of the identification floating plate is larger than the cross-sectional area of the frame;

(3) the water layer biological attachment is prepared by using paired scallop shell or oyster shell, with the pearl layer facing inwards and an open gap between the paired shells. After the shells are strung into clusters, a plurality of shell clusters are connected in series, the distance between the shell clusters is 5-10 cm, and the shell clusters are hung on the frame in a transverse wind and wave manner in a straight direction. That is, one shell faces upward and the other shell faces downward in one pair. The shell can be attached with biological young seedling and ovum. When the water level is low, the inner surface of the shell pair and the shell cluster interlayer can store water, preserve moisture and shield light.

(4) The bottom grid reef plate is placed on the bottom layer of the frame. The bottom grid reef plate is manufactured by uniformly mixing shell scraps and aluminate type cement stones, putting the mixture into a square grid wooden frame model, adding reinforcing steel bars into the middle position of the model, solidifying and forming, and removing the square model.

(5) The bottom of the frame is tied with a cement block for stabilizing the frame and preventing slippage.

Example 2 ecological remediation in the yellow river estuary Using the apparatus described in example 1

(1) Collecting natural oyster seedlings. In the fresh water period in the late 6 th month and the middle 7 th month, when the water temperature is more than 20 ℃ and the salinity is less than 20psu, the water layer biological attachment device which is fully soaked by seawater in advance is hung on the frame. Monitoring the natural attachment quantity and growth condition of oyster larvae, taking down the shells with attached oyster larvae (25-30 per shell) about 20 days after the shells of the water layer biological attacher are attached with the oyster larvae, and supplementing and replacing a new water layer biological attacher on the device. If other organisms are excessively attached, the water layer organism attaching device can be temporarily taken down, and the oyster is hung again when more oyster larvae exist in the monitored water body.

(2) And cultivating the bottom grid reef plates. Shells attached to young shellfishes are obliquely inserted and fixed on the bottom grid reef plate at an angle of 45-60 degrees, and certain living spaces are reserved between the left and right shells and between the upper and lower parts of the shells in a cluster. After 1-2 years, the bottom grid reef plate with the oysters growing at the bottom is transplanted and replaced with a new bottom grid reef plate in autumn and winter.

(3) Transplanting and amplifying the reef body. In an oyster reef area to be repaired, a plurality of bottom grid reef plates transplanted with oysters are clustered in the vertical direction to form herringbone fishing reefs, the distance between fishing reef groups is 2-3 m, and the fishing reefs and the number of groups are determined according to the size and the shape of the repair area.

(4) And tracking and monitoring. And (4) utilizing the underwater diving camera to monitor the fishery organisms around the reef every season. And (3) in 8 months of the oyster breeding period, carrying out encryption monitoring, selecting a low tide period every 10-20 days, monitoring the natural attachment quantity and growth condition of oyster larvae, and timely transferring and replacing the water layer biological attachment device. Transplanting and replacing the bottom grid reef plate every 1-2 years. In 1-2 years, the solidification effect on the early-stage substrate is achieved along with the natural growth and propagation of the thrown bottom grid reef plate; the oyster and the natural oyster reef body are connected into a whole. Forming a scallop shell bed with the thickness of 10-20cm on the seabed, and forming the living oyster reef on the basis of the formation of the scallop shell bed for more than 2 years.

Claims (5)

1. A device for restoring the fishery habitat of the shoal in the intertidal zone of a yellow river mouth is characterized by comprising a frame, a marking floating plate, a water layer biological attachment device, a bottom grid reef plate and a fixed cement block; the upper end of the frame is connected with the identification floating plate, the upper part and the lower part inside the frame are connected with the water layer biological attachments, and the bottom grid reef plate is arranged at the bottom of the frame; the fixed cement block is connected to the lower part of the frame;

the identification floating plate is connected to the upper part of the device and is used for identifying and slowing down the silting of the device; when the water level is low, the mark floating plate covers the frame to prevent the habitat in the frame from being directly irradiated by sunlight;

the water layer biological adhesive is used for adhering biological seedlings and eggs; the water layer biological adherends are pairs of shells, the inner surfaces of the shells can temporarily store water and moisturize, so that direct sunlight is prevented, the effective adhering area of the inner space is increased, and sheltering, fixing and inhabiting places are provided for fishes, shrimps and shellfish;

the single water layer biological attachment consists of a connecting rope and a shell pair, wherein two ends of the connecting rope are respectively fixed at the upper end and the lower end of the frame, and the shell pair is fixed on the connecting rope; a gap is reserved between the two shells of the shell pair, and the inner surfaces of the two shells are opposite; more than one pair of shells are fixed on one connecting rope; the bottom grid reef plates are arranged at the bottom of the frame, every two bottom grid reef plates form a herringbone relatively, a place for hiding, fixing and inhabiting bottom fishery organisms is provided, a seedling collector with oyster seedlings is inserted in an interval mode, oysters are cultivated, and oyster reefs are amplified;

the fixed cement blocks are used for stabilizing the frame and have anti-slip function.

2. The apparatus for restoring the shallow fishery habitat of the yellow river mouth intertidal zone according to claim 1, wherein the area of the identification floating plate is larger than the maximum cross-sectional area of the frame.

3. The device for restoring the shallow fishery habitat in the intertidal zone of the yellow river mouth according to claim 1, wherein the distance between every two pairs of shells is 5-10 cm.

4. The device of claim 1, wherein the shells are suspended on the connecting rope such that one shell faces upward and the other shell faces downward.

5. A method for restoring yellow river mouth intertidal zone shoal fishery habitat utilizing said device, said method comprising the steps of:

(1) collecting oyster seedlings; connecting and fixing the device, hanging a water layer biological attachment device fully soaked with seawater in advance on a frame when the water temperature is greater than 20 ℃ and the salinity is less than 20psu in 8 middle of the last 6 th month ten, monitoring the natural attachment quantity and growth condition of oyster larvae on the water layer biological attachment device, taking down shells with the larvae after the oysters are attached to the shells of the water layer biological attachment device and are fixed for 20-22 days, and supplementing and replacing new seedling-picking shells on the frame;

(2) cultivating a bottom grid reef plate; obliquely inserting and fixing shells attached with young shellfishes on a bottom grid reef plate at an angle of 45-60 degrees, transplanting the bottom grid reef plate full of oysters after 1-2 years, autumn and winter, and replacing the bottom grid reef plate with a new one;

(3) transplanting and amplifying the reef body; in an oyster reef area to be repaired, clustering a plurality of bottom grid reef plates transplanted with oysters in a vertical direction, forming herringbone fishing reefs in a pairwise opposite mode, wherein the distance between fishing reef groups is 2-3 m, and determining the number of the fishing reef groups according to the size and the shape of a repair area;

(4) tracking and monitoring; monitoring fishery organisms around the device in each season by using underwater diving camera shooting; in 8 months of the breeding stage of the oysters, carrying out encryption monitoring, selecting a low tide stage every 10-20 days, monitoring the natural attachment quantity and growth condition of the oyster larvae, and timely transferring and replacing the water layer biological attachment device; transplanting and replacing the bottom grid reef plate every 1-2 years.

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