CN115059871B - Method and device for measuring temperature in hydrogen storage tank - Google Patents

Method and device for measuring temperature in hydrogen storage tank Download PDF

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CN115059871B
CN115059871B CN202210547035.1A CN202210547035A CN115059871B CN 115059871 B CN115059871 B CN 115059871B CN 202210547035 A CN202210547035 A CN 202210547035A CN 115059871 B CN115059871 B CN 115059871B
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storage tank
hydrogen storage
hydrogen
heat
temperature
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CN115059871A (en
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刘全有
李朋朋
高宇
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Peking University
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Peking University
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C13/00—Details of vessels or of the filling or discharging of vessels
    • F17C13/02—Special adaptations of indicating, measuring, or monitoring equipment
    • F17C13/026—Special adaptations of indicating, measuring, or monitoring equipment having the temperature as the parameter
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C13/00—Details of vessels or of the filling or discharging of vessels
    • F17C13/12—Arrangements or mounting of devices for preventing or minimising the effect of explosion ; Other safety measures
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C5/00—Methods or apparatus for filling containers with liquefied, solidified, or compressed gases under pressures
    • F17C5/06—Methods or apparatus for filling containers with liquefied, solidified, or compressed gases under pressures for filling with compressed gases
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F30/00—Computer-aided design [CAD]
    • G06F30/20—Design optimisation, verification or simulation
    • G06F30/28—Design optimisation, verification or simulation using fluid dynamics, e.g. using Navier-Stokes equations or computational fluid dynamics [CFD]
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2221/00—Handled fluid, in particular type of fluid
    • F17C2221/01—Pure fluids
    • F17C2221/012—Hydrogen
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2223/01—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the phase
    • F17C2223/0107—Single phase
    • F17C2223/0123—Single phase gaseous, e.g. CNG, GNC
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2250/00—Accessories; Control means; Indicating, measuring or monitoring of parameters
    • F17C2250/04—Indicating or measuring of parameters as input values
    • F17C2250/0404—Parameters indicated or measured
    • F17C2250/0439—Temperature
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2260/00—Purposes of gas storage and gas handling
    • F17C2260/02—Improving properties related to fluid or fluid transfer
    • F17C2260/023—Avoiding overheating
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2260/00—Purposes of gas storage and gas handling
    • F17C2260/04—Reducing risks and environmental impact
    • F17C2260/042—Reducing risk of explosion
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F2111/00—Details relating to CAD techniques
    • G06F2111/10—Numerical modelling
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F2113/00—Details relating to the application field
    • G06F2113/08—Fluids
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F2119/00—Details relating to the type or aim of the analysis or the optimisation
    • G06F2119/08—Thermal analysis or thermal optimisation
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F2119/00—Details relating to the type or aim of the analysis or the optimisation
    • G06F2119/14—Force analysis or force optimisation, e.g. static or dynamic forces
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/32—Hydrogen storage

Abstract

The application is suitable for the technical field of hydrogen application, and provides a method and a device for measuring the temperature in a hydrogen storage tank, wherein the method for measuring the temperature in the hydrogen storage tank comprises the following steps: establishing an energy flow equation model from a filling gun port to an inlet of a hydrogen storage tank to calculate the temperature of hydrogen entering the hydrogen storage tank, then calculating the temperature of the hydrogen in the hydrogen storage tank after being compressed, and establishing a heat mathematical model of heat exchange loss between the heat in the hydrogen storage tank and the hydrogen storage tank; establishing a mathematical heat model of heat exchange loss between the heat in the hydrogen storage tank and the external environment, and calculating total heat before heat loss in the hydrogen storage tank; calculating the total heat remaining in the hydrogen storage tank; and calculating the effective temperature of the hydrogen storage tank after filling according to the total heat remaining in the hydrogen storage tank. Can solve the problem that the temperature of the rising of the hydrogen storage tank can not be accurately measured when the hydrogen is filled in the prior art, and the danger is caused by overhigh temperature of the hydrogen storage tank.

Description

Method and device for measuring temperature in hydrogen storage tank
Technical Field
The application belongs to the technical field of hydrogen application, and particularly relates to a method and a device for measuring the temperature in a hydrogen storage tank.
Background
Hydrogen exists on the earth mainly in the form of compounds, for example, a large amount of hydrogen energy resources are stored in water accounting for more than 70% of the surface area of the earth, and compared with non-renewable resources, the hydrogen energy resources are rich, inexhaustible and inexhaustible; the combustion product of hydrogen is only water, carbon dioxide and nitrogen oxides are not discharged in the working process of the hydrogen fuel cell, and the hydrogen fuel cell is the cleanest secondary energy source; in addition, hydrogen energy is convenient for large-scale storage and is widely used as an effective energy carrier. Based on the characteristics, the development and the utilization of hydrogen as automobile power are highly valued by the world countries, international energy institutions and automobile manufacturers, the development of hydrogen technology is rapid, and the industrialization and commercialization progress of hydrogen automobiles are faster and faster.
However, there is a problem that the temperature of the hydrogen storage tank increases significantly during the rapid filling of the hydrogen storage tank with high-pressure hydrogen, and in the prior art, there is a problem that the temperature of the hydrogen storage tank increases because the temperature of the hydrogen storage tank is too high, so that the hydrogen storage tank cannot be accurately measured when the hydrogen storage tank is filled with hydrogen.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, embodiments of the present application provide a method and an apparatus for measuring a temperature in a hydrogen storage tank, which can solve the problem that the existing method cannot accurately measure the temperature of the hydrogen storage tank when filling hydrogen, and the problem is dangerous because the temperature of the hydrogen storage tank is too high.
A first aspect of an embodiment of the present application provides a method for measuring a temperature in a hydrogen storage tank, the method for measuring a temperature in a hydrogen storage tank including:
establishing an energy flow equation model of hydrogen from a filling gun port to a hydrogen storage tank inlet:
wherein ,h1 C, for the specific enthalpy of the hydrogen at the filling muzzle 1 For the flow rate of hydrogen at the filling muzzle, h 2 C is the specific enthalpy of hydrogen at the inlet of the hydrogen storage tank 2 For the flow rate of hydrogen at the inlet of the hydrogen storage tank,a total loss of energy for hydrogen from the filler muzzle to the hydrogen storage tank inlet;
calculating the hydrogen in the reservoir according to the energy flow equation modelFlow rate c of hydrogen tank inlet 2 The method comprises the following steps:
calculating the kinetic energy of hydrogen with unit mass at the inlet of the hydrogen storage tank to convert into internal energy Q 2 ：
Build-up of hydrogen m into a hydrogen storage tank 1 Internal energy U of (1) 2 The model is as follows:
U 2 ＝U 1 +β 1 Q 2 m 1 ；
wherein ,U1 For the internal energy of hydrogen in the mouth of the filling gun, Q 2 For converting kinetic energy of hydrogen into internal energy beta at inlet of hydrogen storage tank 1 For the proportionality coefficient, m, of the internal energy converted from the kinetic energy of the hydrogen at the inlet of the hydrogen storage tank 1 For the mass of hydrogen entering the hydrogen storage tank;
according to the temperature and the internal energy U 2 Calculating the hydrogen m entering the hydrogen storage tank 1 Temperature T of (2) 1 The method comprises the following steps:
wherein ,p2 Is a target pressure in the hydrogen storage tank;
calculating the original hydrogen m in the hydrogen storage tank 2 Temperature T after compression 2 ；
Calculating the planned temperature T in the hydrogen storage tank after filling 3 ；
Build up of heat W in hydrogen storage tanks during filling 1 Heat W lost by heat exchange with hydrogen storage tank 2 A mathematical model;
build up of heat W in hydrogen storage tanks during filling 1 Heat mathematical model W for heat exchange loss with external environment 3 ；
Calculating the total heat before losing heat in the hydrogen storage tank
Based on total heat before losing heat in the hydrogen storage tankHeat W in hydrogen storage tank during filling 1 Heat W lost by heat exchange with hydrogen storage tank 2 Heat W in hydrogen storage tank during filling 1 Heat mathematical model W for heat exchange loss with external environment 3 Calculate the total heat remaining in the hydrogen storage tank +.>
Based on the total heat remaining in the hydrogen storage tankCalculating effective temperature of filling completion in hydrogen storage tank +.>
In one embodiment, the total loss of energy from the filler neck to the hydrogen storage tank inletThe calculation method of (1) comprises the following steps:
wherein ,for the effective convection heat exchange coefficient of the filling gun port and the external environment, F is the heat loss absorbed by the filling gun port;
then, the calculation method of the heat F absorbed and lost by the filling gun muzzle is as follows;
F＝S 1 m (1) (t (1) -t (2) )；
wherein ,S1 To fill the specific heat capacity of the muzzle, m (1) To fill the mass of the muzzle, t (1) To fill the initial temperature of the muzzle, t (2) The temperature at which the hydrogen gas is added to the nozzle of the filling gun.
In one embodiment, the ratio coefficient beta of the internal energy of the hydrogen in the filling gun port is established 1 The mathematical model of (a) is:
wherein ,p2 For a target pressure in the hydrogen storage tank,is a sine component coefficient>For the target pressure coefficient, +.>Is a sinusoidal correction coefficient.
In one embodiment, the heat W in the hydrogen storage tank during the filling process 1 The calculation method of (1) comprises the following steps:
establishing heat W in a hydrogen storage tank 1 The mathematical model of (a) is:
W 1 ＝S 2 (αm 1 +m 2 )T 3 ；
wherein ,W1 For the heat in the hydrogen storage tank during filling, alpha is the hydrogen ratio coefficient entering the hydrogen storage tank during filling, S 2 Is the specific heat capacity of hydrogen.
In one embodiment, the method for calculating the hydrogen proportionality coefficient alpha entering the hydrogen storage tank in the filling process is as follows:
the mathematical model for establishing the hydrogen ratio coefficient alpha entering the hydrogen storage tank in the filling process is as follows:
where p1 is the initial pressure in the hydrogen storage tank.
In one embodiment, the hydrogen storage tank material has an effective thermal conductivity coefficientThe calculation method of (1) comprises the following steps:
establishing a mathematical model of the effective heat conduction coefficient of the hydrogen storage tank material:
wherein i=1, 2,3, …, g; i is the number of kinds of materials of the hydrogen storage tank,for the heat conduction coefficient of the ith material in the x-direction,>for the thermal conductivity of the ith material in the y-direction,/->Is the thermal conductivity, k, of the ith material in the z direction i Is the thickness of the i-th material.
In one embodiment, the establishing a mathematical model of heat exchange loss between heat in the hydrogen storage tank and the external environment comprises:
wherein ,W3 The heat lost by heat exchange between the heat in the hydrogen storage tank and the external environment,the heat exchange coefficient is the effective convection heat exchange coefficient between the heat in the hydrogen storage tank and the external environment.
In one embodiment, the method for calculating total heat remaining in the hydrogen storage tank comprises the following steps:
wherein ,for the effective heat after loss of heat in the hydrogen storage tank,/i>Is the total heat before losing heat in the hydrogen storage tank;
wherein the total heat before the heat loss in the hydrogen storage tankThe calculation method of (1) is as follows:
S 2 is the specific heat capacity of hydrogen.
In one embodiment, the method of calculating an effective temperature in a hydrogen storage tank includes:
wherein ,T0 Is the initial temperature of the hydrogen storage tank.
A second aspect of the present application is to provide a measuring device for performing the method of measuring the temperature in a hydrogen storage tank as described above.
The embodiment of the application provides a method and a device for measuring the temperature in a hydrogen storage tank, wherein the method for measuring the temperature in the hydrogen storage tank comprises the following steps: establishing an energy flow equation model from a filling gun port to a hydrogen storage tank inlet of hydrogen, calculating the temperature of the hydrogen entering the hydrogen storage tank, calculating the temperature of the hydrogen in the hydrogen storage tank after the hydrogen is compressed, and establishing a heat mathematical model of heat exchange loss between the heat in the hydrogen storage tank and the hydrogen storage tank; establishing a mathematical heat model of heat exchange loss between the heat in the hydrogen storage tank and the external environment, and calculating total heat before heat loss in the hydrogen storage tank; calculating the total heat remaining in the hydrogen storage tank; and calculating the effective temperature of the hydrogen storage tank after filling according to the total heat remaining in the hydrogen storage tank. Can solve the problem that the temperature of the rising of the hydrogen storage tank can not be accurately measured when the hydrogen is filled in the prior art, and the danger is caused by overhigh temperature of the hydrogen storage tank.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application, the drawings that are needed in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly described below, it being obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present application, and that other drawings may be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing the steps of a method for measuring the temperature in a hydrogen storage tank according to an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 2 is a schematic illustration of a filler neck and hydrogen storage tank inlet configuration provided in accordance with one embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of actual temperature measurement of a method for measuring temperature in a hydrogen storage tank and temperature measurement according to the present application according to an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram showing a comparison of measured temperatures of a method for measuring temperature in a hydrogen storage tank according to an embodiment of the present application;
fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of the experiment number and the error of a method for measuring the temperature in a hydrogen storage tank according to an embodiment of the present application.
Detailed Description
In the following description, for purposes of explanation and not limitation, specific details are set forth such as the particular system architecture, techniques, etc., in order to provide a thorough understanding of the embodiments of the present application. It will be apparent, however, to one skilled in the art that the present application may be practiced in other embodiments that depart from these specific details. In other instances, detailed descriptions of well-known systems, devices, circuits, and methods are omitted so as not to obscure the description of the present application with unnecessary detail.
The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application will be clearly described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present application, and it is apparent that the described embodiments are some embodiments of the present application, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the application without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the application.
Hydrogen exists on the earth mainly in the form of compounds, for example, a large amount of hydrogen energy resources are stored in water accounting for more than 70% of the surface area of the earth, and compared with non-renewable resources, the hydrogen energy resources are rich, inexhaustible and inexhaustible; the combustion product of hydrogen is only water, carbon dioxide and nitrogen oxides are not discharged in the working process of the hydrogen fuel cell, and the hydrogen fuel cell is the cleanest secondary energy source; in addition, hydrogen energy is convenient for large-scale storage and is widely used as an effective energy carrier. Based on the characteristics, the development and the utilization of hydrogen as automobile power are highly valued by the world countries, international energy institutions and automobile manufacturers, the development of hydrogen technology is rapid, and the industrialization and commercialization progress of hydrogen automobiles are faster and faster.
However, there is a problem that the temperature of the hydrogen storage tank increases significantly during the rapid filling of the hydrogen storage tank with high-pressure hydrogen, and in the prior art, there is a problem that the temperature of the hydrogen storage tank increases because the temperature of the hydrogen storage tank is too high, so that the hydrogen storage tank cannot be accurately measured when the hydrogen storage tank is filled with hydrogen.
In order to solve the above technical problems, an embodiment of the present application provides a method for measuring a temperature in a hydrogen storage tank, as shown in fig. 1 and 2, where the method for measuring a temperature in a hydrogen storage tank includes: step S100 to step S800.
In step S100: establishing an energy flow equation model of hydrogen from a filling gun port to a hydrogen storage tank inlet:
wherein ,h1 C is the specific enthalpy of the hydrogen at the filling muzzle 1 For the flow rate of hydrogen at the filling gun mouth, h 2 C is the specific enthalpy of hydrogen at the inlet of the hydrogen storage tank 2 For the flow rate of hydrogen at the inlet of the hydrogen storage tank,the total energy loss from the filling gun port to the inlet of the hydrogen storage tank is the total energy loss of the hydrogen;
calculating the flow velocity c of the hydrogen at the inlet of the hydrogen storage tank according to the energy flow equation model 2 The method comprises the following steps:
step S100 also includes calculating the kinetic energy of the hydrogen gas of unit mass at the inlet of the hydrogen storage tank to be converted into internal energy;
wherein, the kinetic energy of hydrogen with unit mass at the inlet of the hydrogen storage tank is converted into internal energy Q 2 The mathematical model of (a) is:
in step S200: build-up of hydrogen m into a hydrogen storage tank 1 Internal energy U of (1) 2 And (3) model:
U 2 ＝U 1 +β 1 Q 2 m 1 ；
wherein ,U1 For the internal energy of hydrogen at the muzzle of the filling gun, Q 2 For converting kinetic energy of hydrogen at inlet of hydrogen storage tank into internal energy beta 1 For the proportionality coefficient, m, of the internal energy converted from the kinetic energy of the hydrogen at the inlet of the hydrogen storage tank 1 For entering the hydrogen storage tankThe mass of hydrogen gas;
in step S300: according to the temperature and the internal energy U 2 Then calculate the hydrogen m entering the hydrogen storage tank 1 Temperature T of (2) 1 The method comprises the following steps:
wherein ,p2 Is the target pressure in the hydrogen storage tank.
In step S400: calculating the original hydrogen m in the hydrogen storage tank 2 Temperature T after compression 2 ；
Calculating the planned temperature T in the hydrogen storage tank after filling 3 。
In step S500: build up of heat W in hydrogen storage tanks during filling 1 Heat W lost by heat exchange with hydrogen storage tank 2 Mathematical model:
wherein ,W2 Heat lost by heat exchange between heat in the hydrogen storage tank and the hydrogen storage tank is W 1 T is the hydrogen filling time, L, for the heat in the hydrogen storage tank during the filling process 1 Is the material thickness in the x direction of the hydrogen storage tank, L 2 For the material thickness in the y direction of the hydrogen storage tank, L 3 For the material thickness in the z-direction of the hydrogen storage tank,an effective thermal conductivity coefficient for the hydrogen storage tank material; dV is partial conductance of the hydrogen storage tank volume, dv=dxdydz; in this embodiment, a coordinate system is established with the center of gravity of the hydrogen storage tank as the center, wherein the hydrogen storage tank is of a symmetrical up-down symmetrical or side-to-side symmetrical structure.
In step S600: build up of heat W in hydrogen storage tanks during filling 1 Heat mathematical model W for heat exchange loss with external environment 3 ；
Calculation of Hydrogen storageTotal heat before losing heat in the tank
In step S700: based on total heat before losing heat in the hydrogen storage tankHeat W in hydrogen storage tank during filling 1 Heat W lost by heat exchange with hydrogen storage tank 2 Heat W in hydrogen storage tank during filling 1 Heat mathematical model W for heat exchange loss with external environment 3 Calculate the total heat remaining in the hydrogen storage tank +.>
In step S800: based on the total heat remaining in the hydrogen storage tankCalculating effective temperature of the hydrogen storage tank after filling>
In the present embodiment, in step S100, the flow rate c of hydrogen gas at the inlet of the hydrogen storage tank can be found by establishing an energy flow equation model for establishing the flow of hydrogen gas from the filler gun port to the inlet of the hydrogen storage tank 2 Wherein the flow rate c of the hydrogen at the filling gun port 1 Can be obtained directly by providing a speed sensor at the filling muzzle, in one embodiment the flow rate c of hydrogen at the filling muzzle 1 Smaller, negligible, set to 0. By calculating the flow rate c of hydrogen at the inlet of the hydrogen storage tank 2 Then the kinetic energy of the hydrogen with unit mass at the inlet of the hydrogen storage tank can be converted into the internal energy Q 2 。
In the present embodiment, in step S200: build-up of hydrogen m into a hydrogen storage tank 1 Internal energy U of (1) 2 The model is as follows: u (U) 2 ＝U 1 +β 1 Q 2 m 1； wherein ,U1 For the internal energy of hydrogen at the muzzle of the filling gun, Q 2 For converting kinetic energy of hydrogen at inlet of hydrogen storage tank into internal energy beta 1 Is the proportionality coefficient of the internal energy converted by the kinetic energy of the hydrogen at the inlet of the hydrogen storage tank. Specifically, in the present embodiment, the ratio coefficient β of the internal energy converted from the kinetic energy of the hydrogen gas at the inlet of the hydrogen storage tank is set 1 Can make the hydrogen m entering the hydrogen storage tank 1 Internal energy U of (1) 2 The result of (2) is closer to the true value, so that the calculation result is more accurate. The problem in the prior art that the temperature of the rising of the hydrogen storage tank cannot be accurately measured when the hydrogen storage tank is filled with hydrogen can be solved, and the problem that dangers occur due to the fact that the temperature of the hydrogen storage tank is too high exists.
In the present embodiment, in step S400: calculating the original hydrogen m in the hydrogen storage tank 2 Temperature T after compression 2 . Specifically, when hydrogen needs to be added into the hydrogen storage tank, the original hydrogen in the hydrogen storage tank is compressed, then compression work is performed, a certain amount of heat is generated, and then the temperature of the compressed original hydrogen is calculated according to the heat generated by the original hydrogen, so that the calculation result is more accurate.
In one embodiment, the hydrogen m in the hydrogen storage tank is calculated 2 Temperature T after compression 2 The method of (1) comprises: when hydrogen m 1 The pressure in the hydrogen storage tank changes linearly after entering the hydrogen storage tank; then according to wherein ,p1 For initial pressure in the hydrogen storage tank, p 2 For the target pressure in the hydrogen storage tank, t is the filling time required for filling the hydrogen storage tank to the target pressure, and p is the pressure of hydrogen in the standard state. Then, the original hydrogen m in the hydrogen storage tank 2 The process of generating heat after compression satisfies the modified polytropic equation: pv (pv) n =c; wherein p is the pressure of hydrogen in a standard state, v is the specific volume of hydrogen in a standard state, and n is a polytropic index; c is a constant; the volume ratio v mathematical model of the hydrogen is established as follows: />Where p is the pressure of hydrogen in the standard state and b is the proportionality coefficient of hydrogen pressure in the standard state, in one embodiment b=7.69×10 -3 m 3 Kg, R is the hydrogen gas constant, r= 4127.3J/(kg·k), T is the temperature of hydrogen in standard state; there is->Further, the method comprises the following steps: /> wherein ,T2 The temperature of the original hydrogen m2 after being compressed;
wherein ,
wherein ,v1 For entering hydrogen m in hydrogen tanks 1 V of volume ratio of 2 Is the original hydrogen m 2 Is a volume ratio of (1); the original hydrogen m can be calculated 2 Temperature T after compression 2 The method comprises the following steps:by calculating the temperature of the compressed original hydrogen, the problem that the temperature of the hydrogen storage tank can not be accurately measured when the hydrogen storage tank is filled with hydrogen in the prior art, and dangers occur due to the fact that the temperature of the hydrogen storage tank is too high can be solved.
In the present embodiment, in step S500: establishing a mathematical heat model of heat exchange loss between heat in the hydrogen storage tank and the hydrogen storage tank:
wherein ,W2 Heat lost by heat exchange between heat in the hydrogen storage tank and the hydrogen storage tank is W 1 T is the hydrogen filling time, L, for the heat in the hydrogen storage tank during the filling process 1 For the material thickness in the x direction of the hydrogen storage tank,L 2 for the material thickness in the y direction of the hydrogen storage tank, L 3 For the material thickness in the z-direction of the hydrogen storage tank,an effective thermal conductivity coefficient for the hydrogen storage tank material; dV is the partial conductance of the hydrogen storage tank volume.
Specifically, the hydrogen storage tank generates heat when filling hydrogen, but in the process of filling, a part of heat is absorbed by the hydrogen storage tank, wherein the quantity of the heat absorbed by the hydrogen storage tank is related to the material of the hydrogen storage tank, the thickness of the hydrogen storage tank and the heat conduction coefficient of the hydrogen storage tank in the x, y and z directions.
In the present embodiment, in step S600: establishing a heat mathematical model W for heat exchange loss between heat in a hydrogen storage tank and external environment 3 . Specifically, a mathematical model of heat exchange loss between the heat in the hydrogen storage tank and the external environment is established:
wherein ,W3 The heat lost by heat exchange between the heat in the hydrogen storage tank and the external environment,the heat exchange coefficient is an effective convection heat exchange coefficient between the heat in the hydrogen storage tank and the external environment; in this embodiment, the space inspection of hydrogen stored in the hydrogen storage tank is simplified into a point, a coordinate system is established with the point as the center, and the heat lost by heat exchange between the heat in the hydrogen storage tank and the external environment is solved, wherein the effective convective heat transfer coefficient between the heat in the hydrogen storage tank and the external environment isA fixed value.
In the present embodiment, the total heat before the heat loss in the hydrogen storage tank is calculatedThe method of (1) is as follows:
wherein ,S2 Is the specific heat capacity of hydrogen. The total heat input by the hydrogen storage tank before losing heat and the heat generated by hydrogen compression in the hydrogen storage tank are calculated, and the total heat lost is subtracted, so that the residual heat in the hydrogen storage tank can be accurately calculated, and the temperature in the hydrogen storage tank can be calculated.
In the present embodiment, in step S700: calculating the total heat remaining in the hydrogen storage tankSpecifically, the total heat remaining in the hydrogen storage tank is: /> wherein ,/>For the effective heat after loss of heat in the hydrogen storage tank,/i>Is the total heat before losing heat in the hydrogen storage tank.
In the present embodiment, in step S800: based on the total heat remaining in the hydrogen storage tankCalculating effective temperature of filling completion in hydrogen storage tank +.>Specifically, the effective temperature in the hydrogen storage tank is calculated as: /> wherein ,T0 Is the initial temperature of the hydrogen storage tank. Wherein, in one embodiment, T 0 The initial temperature of the hydrogen storage tank can be directly measured, or the initial temperature of the hydrogen storage tank is consistent with the external environment temperature.
In one embodiment, the total energy loss of the hydrogen gas from the filler gun port to the hydrogen storage tank inletThe calculation method of (1) comprises the following steps:
wherein ,for the effective convection heat exchange coefficient of the filling gun port and the external environment, F is the heat loss absorbed by the filling gun port; then, the calculation method of the heat F absorbed and lost by the filling gun muzzle is as follows; f=s 1 m (1) (t (1) -t (2))； wherein ,S1 To fill the specific heat capacity of the muzzle, m (1) To fill the mass of the muzzle, t (1) To fill the initial temperature of the muzzle, t (2) The temperature at which the hydrogen gas is added to the nozzle of the filling gun.
In this embodiment, the total loss of energy from the filling muzzle to the inlet of the hydrogen storage tank is made up of two parts, one part is the heat F lost by the filling muzzle itself, and the other part is the heat lost by the hydrogen through the filling muzzle at the filling muzzle. By calculating the heat loss of the two parts, the total energy loss of the hydrogen from the filling gun mouth to the inlet of the hydrogen storage tank can be accurately calculated, so that the calculation result is more accurate.
In one embodiment, the ratio coefficient beta of the internal energy of the hydrogen at the filling gun port is established 1 The mathematical model of (a) is:
wherein ,p2 For a target pressure in the hydrogen storage tank,is a sine component coefficient>For the target pressure coefficient, +.>Is a sinusoidal correction coefficient.
Specifically, the three coefficients of the sine component coefficient, the target pressure coefficient and the sine correction coefficient can be calculated by the internal energy U of three groups of hydrogen at the filling gun port 1 The kinetic energy of the hydrogen at the inlet of the hydrogen storage tank is converted into internal energy Q 2 And (5) calculating to obtain the product. The calculation result is more accurate by setting the proportionality coefficient of the internal energy of the hydrogen at the filling gun mouth. The problem in the prior art that the temperature of the rising of the hydrogen storage tank cannot be accurately measured when the hydrogen storage tank is filled with hydrogen can be solved, and the problem that dangers occur due to the fact that the temperature of the hydrogen storage tank is too high exists.
In one embodiment, the internal energy U of the hydrogen gas at the muzzle of the filling gun 1 Can pass through U 1 ＝-4.048×10 5 +10475×T′-1.407×10 -3 The x p' can be calculated and measured by a set sensor. Where T 'is the temperature of the hydrogen gas at the fill muzzle and p' is the pressure of the hydrogen gas at the fill muzzle.
In one embodiment, the heat W in the hydrogen storage tank during the filling process 1 The calculation method of (1) comprises the following steps: the mathematical model for establishing the heat quantity and the filling time in the hydrogen storage tank is as follows: w (W) 1 ＝S 2 (αm 1 +m 2 )T 3； wherein ,W1 For the heat in the hydrogen storage tank during filling, alpha is the hydrogen ratio coefficient entering the hydrogen storage tank during filling, S 2 Is the specific heat capacity of hydrogen.
In one embodiment, the method for calculating the hydrogen proportionality coefficient alpha entering the hydrogen storage tank in the filling process is as follows: the mathematical model for establishing the hydrogen ratio coefficient alpha entering the hydrogen storage tank in the filling process is as follows:
in the present embodiment, since hydrogen gas gradually enters the hydrogen storage tank during the filling process, a hydrogen gas proportionality coefficient is set for entering the hydrogen storage tank, wherein the proportionality coefficient is equal to the refilling time t after the filling is completed, and the flow rate c of hydrogen gas at the inlet of the hydrogen storage tank 2 Initial pressure p in hydrogen storage tank 1 Related to the following.
In one embodiment, the hydrogen storage tank material has an effective thermal conductivity coefficientThe calculation method of (1) comprises the following steps: establishing a mathematical model of the effective heat conduction coefficient of the hydrogen storage tank material:
wherein i=1, 2,3, …, g; i is the number of kinds of materials of the hydrogen storage tank,for the heat conduction coefficient of the ith material in the x-direction,>for the thermal conductivity of the ith material in the y-direction,/->Is the thermal conductivity, k, of the ith material in the z direction i Is the thickness of the i-th material.
In this embodiment, the hydrogen storage tank is generally made of more than three materials, the thermal conductivity coefficients of different materials are different, and the thermal conductivity coefficients of the same material in the x, y and z directions are also different, which is trueIn the embodiment, the heat conduction coefficients of the same material in the x, y and z directions are calculated to average, then the relation between the heat conduction coefficients and the thickness of different materials is solved, and then the effective heat conduction coefficient of the hydrogen storage tank material is solvedThe accurate value of (2) can enable the calculation of the result of the heat loss of the heat exchange between the heat in the hydrogen storage tank and the heat in the hydrogen storage tank to be more accurate.
In one embodiment, the establishing a mathematical model of heat exchange loss between heat in the hydrogen storage tank and the external environment comprises:
wherein ,W3 The heat lost by heat exchange between the heat in the hydrogen storage tank and the external environment,the heat exchange coefficient is the effective convection heat exchange coefficient between the heat in the hydrogen storage tank and the external environment.
In one embodiment, the method for calculating total heat remaining in the hydrogen storage tank comprises the following steps: wherein ,/>For the effective heat after loss of heat in the hydrogen storage tank,/i>Is the total heat before losing heat in the hydrogen storage tank; wherein the total heat before losing heat in the hydrogen storage tank +.>The calculation method of (1) is as follows: />
In one embodiment, the method of calculating an effective temperature in a hydrogen storage tank includes:
wherein ,T0 Is the initial temperature of the hydrogen storage tank.
In one embodiment, referring to FIG. 3, the present application is applied to different hydrogen storage tanks, the temperature in the different hydrogen storage tanks is measured by the method of the present application, the measurement results are shown in FIG. 3, and the difference between the measured temperature and the actual temperature at the hydrogen storage tanks 1-6 in the method of the present application is 2.3 ℃, 3.4 ℃, 2.0 ℃, 1.9 ℃, 2.1 ℃, 2.3 ℃, the maximum difference is 3.4 ℃, the relative measurement accuracy is 1.92%, and is 5.00% higher than the industrial requirement accuracy, thus meeting the industrial requirement.
In one embodiment, referring to fig. 4, the method is applied to different hydrogen storage tanks, the temperature of the different hydrogen storage tanks, the actual temperature and the temperature calculated by the prior method are measured by adopting the method, the measured results are shown in fig. 4, and compared with the temperature of the hydrogen storage tank calculated by the prior method, the temperature of the hydrogen storage tanks 1-12 in the method is high in relative measurement precision, 5.00% higher than the industrial requirement precision, and the industrial requirement is met.
In one embodiment, as shown in fig. 5, the temperature measurement experiment was performed 20 times in different hydrogen storage tanks by using the method of the present patent, and it can be seen from the figure that the average error value of the temperature of the hydrogen storage tank measured by using the method of the present patent is 1.26%, the variance is 2, and the maximum error is 1.42%, so the method of the present patent is stable. By adopting the method, 20 temperature measurement experiments are carried out in different hydrogen storage tanks, and the average value is recorded as a result, so that the maximum relative error is 1.34, and the industrial requirement is met.
The embodiment of the application also provides a measuring device which is used for executing the method for measuring the temperature in the hydrogen storage tank.
In the foregoing embodiments, the descriptions of the embodiments are emphasized, and in part, not described or illustrated in any particular embodiment, reference is made to the related descriptions of other embodiments.
The above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solution of the present application, and are not limiting; although the application has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical scheme described in the foregoing embodiments can be modified or some technical features thereof can be replaced by equivalents; such modifications and substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application, and are intended to be included in the scope of the present application.

Claims (10)

1. The method for measuring the temperature in the hydrogen storage tank is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
establishing an energy flow equation model of hydrogen from a filling gun port to a hydrogen storage tank inlet:
wherein ,h1 C, for the specific enthalpy of the hydrogen at the filling muzzle 1 For the flow rate of hydrogen at the filling muzzle, h 2 C is the specific enthalpy of hydrogen at the inlet of the hydrogen storage tank 2 For the flow rate of hydrogen at the inlet of the hydrogen storage tank,a total loss of energy for hydrogen from the filler muzzle to the hydrogen storage tank inlet;
calculating the flow velocity c of the hydrogen at the inlet of the hydrogen storage tank according to the energy flow equation model 2 The method comprises the following steps:
calculating the kinetic energy of hydrogen with unit mass at the inlet of the hydrogen storage tank to convert into internal energy Q 2 ：
Build-up of hydrogen m into a hydrogen storage tank 1 Internal energy U of (1) 2 The model is as follows:
U 2 ＝U 1 +β 1 Q 2 m 1 ；
wherein ,U1 For the internal energy of hydrogen at the muzzle of the filling gun, Q 2 Is the internal energy of hydrogen in the inlet of the hydrogen storage tank, beta 1 For the proportionality coefficient, m, of the internal energy converted from the kinetic energy of the hydrogen at the inlet of the hydrogen storage tank 1 For the mass of hydrogen entering the hydrogen storage tank;
according to the temperature and the internal energy U 2 Calculating the hydrogen m entering the hydrogen storage tank 1 Temperature T of (2) 1 The method comprises the following steps:
wherein ,p2 Is a target pressure in the hydrogen storage tank;
calculating the original hydrogen m in the hydrogen storage tank 2 Temperature T after compression 2 ；
Calculating the planned temperature T in the hydrogen storage tank after filling 3 ；
Build up of heat W in hydrogen storage tanks during filling 1 Heat W lost by heat exchange with hydrogen storage tank 2 A mathematical model;
build up of heat W in hydrogen storage tanks during filling 1 Heat mathematical model W for heat exchange loss with external environment 3 ；
Calculating the total heat before losing heat in the hydrogen storage tank
Based on total heat before losing heat in the hydrogen storage tankHeat W in hydrogen storage tank during filling 1 Heat W lost by heat exchange with hydrogen storage tank 2 Heat W in hydrogen storage tank during filling 1 Heat mathematical model W for heat exchange loss with external environment 3 Calculate the total heat remaining in the hydrogen storage tank +.>
Based on the total heat remaining in the hydrogen storage tankCalculating effective temperature of the hydrogen storage tank after filling>
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the total loss of energy from the fill gun port to the hydrogen storage tank inlet is based on the hydrogen gasThe calculation method of (1) comprises the following steps:
wherein ,for the effective convection heat exchange coefficient of the filling gun port and the external environment, F is the heat loss absorbed by the filling gun port;
then, the calculation method of the heat F absorbed and lost by the filling gun muzzle is as follows;
F＝S 1 m (1) (t (2) -t (1) )；
wherein ,S1 To fill the specific heat capacity of the muzzle, m (1) To fill the mass of the muzzle, t (1) For filling the initial temperature of the muzzle，t (2) The temperature at which the hydrogen gas is added to the nozzle of the filling gun.
3. The method for measuring the temperature in a hydrogen storage tank according to claim 1, wherein the ratio coefficient beta of the internal energy of the hydrogen gas in the filling gun port is established 1 The mathematical model of (a) is:
wherein ,p2 For a target pressure in the hydrogen storage tank,is a sine component coefficient>For the target pressure coefficient, +.>Is a sinusoidal correction coefficient.
4. The method for measuring the temperature in a hydrogen storage tank according to claim 1, wherein the amount of heat W in the hydrogen storage tank during the filling process 1 The calculation method of (1) comprises the following steps:
establishing heat W in a hydrogen storage tank 1 The mathematical model of (a) is:
W 1 ＝S 2 (αm 1 +m 2 )T 3 ；
wherein ,W1 For the heat in the hydrogen storage tank during filling, alpha is the hydrogen ratio coefficient entering the hydrogen storage tank during filling, S 2 Is the specific heat capacity of hydrogen.
5. The method for measuring the temperature in a hydrogen storage tank according to claim 4, wherein the method for calculating the proportionality coefficient α of hydrogen entering the hydrogen storage tank during the filling process is as follows:
the mathematical model for establishing the hydrogen ratio coefficient alpha entering the hydrogen storage tank in the filling process is as follows:
wherein ,p1 Is the initial pressure in the hydrogen storage tank.
6. The method for measuring the temperature in a hydrogen storage tank according to claim 1, wherein the hydrogen storage tank material has an effective heat conductivity coefficientThe calculation method of (1) comprises the following steps:
establishing a mathematical model of the effective heat conduction coefficient of the hydrogen storage tank material:
wherein i=1, 2,3, …, g; i is the number of kinds of materials of the hydrogen storage tank,for the heat conduction coefficient of the ith material in the x-direction,>for the thermal conductivity of the ith material in the y-direction,/->Is the thermal conductivity, k, of the ith material in the z direction i Is the thickness of the i-th material.
7. The method of claim 1, wherein establishing a mathematical model of heat loss from heat exchange with the external environment in the hydrogen storage tank comprises:
wherein ,W3 The heat lost by heat exchange between the heat in the hydrogen storage tank and the external environment,the heat exchange coefficient is the effective convection heat exchange coefficient between the heat in the hydrogen storage tank and the external environment.
8. The method for measuring the temperature in a hydrogen storage tank according to claim 7, wherein the method for calculating the total heat remaining in the hydrogen storage tank comprises:
wherein ,for the effective heat after loss of heat in the hydrogen storage tank,/i>Is the total heat before losing heat in the hydrogen storage tank;
wherein the total heat before the heat loss in the hydrogen storage tankThe calculation method of (1) is as follows:
S 2 is the specific heat capacity of hydrogen.
9. The method of claim 8, wherein the calculating the effective temperature in the hydrogen storage tank comprises:
wherein ,T0 Is the initial temperature of the hydrogen storage tank.
10. A measuring device for performing the method of measuring the temperature in a hydrogen storage tank according to any one of claims 1 to 9.
CN202210547035.1A 2022-05-19 2022-05-19 Method and device for measuring temperature in hydrogen storage tank Active CN115059871B (en)

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