CN115059871A - Method and device for measuring temperature in hydrogen storage tank - Google Patents
Method and device for measuring temperature in hydrogen storage tank Download PDFInfo
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- CN115059871A CN115059871A CN202210547035.1A CN202210547035A CN115059871A CN 115059871 A CN115059871 A CN 115059871A CN 202210547035 A CN202210547035 A CN 202210547035A CN 115059871 A CN115059871 A CN 115059871A
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- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 451
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 418
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 418
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 62
- 238000013178 mathematical model Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 33
- FFBHFFJDDLITSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzyl N-[2-hydroxy-4-(3-oxomorpholin-4-yl)phenyl]carbamate Chemical compound OC1=C(NC(=O)OCC2=CC=CC=C2)C=CC(=C1)N1CCOCC1=O FFBHFFJDDLITSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000005429 filling process Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000012937 correction Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 6
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 7
- MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen oxide Inorganic materials O=[N] MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 4
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910001868 water Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000009529 body temperature measurement Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000020169 heat generation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013215 result calculation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C13/00—Details of vessels or of the filling or discharging of vessels
- F17C13/02—Special adaptations of indicating, measuring, or monitoring equipment
- F17C13/026—Special adaptations of indicating, measuring, or monitoring equipment having the temperature as the parameter
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C13/00—Details of vessels or of the filling or discharging of vessels
- F17C13/12—Arrangements or mounting of devices for preventing or minimising the effect of explosion ; Other safety measures
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C5/00—Methods or apparatus for filling containers with liquefied, solidified, or compressed gases under pressures
- F17C5/06—Methods or apparatus for filling containers with liquefied, solidified, or compressed gases under pressures for filling with compressed gases
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F30/00—Computer-aided design [CAD]
- G06F30/20—Design optimisation, verification or simulation
- G06F30/28—Design optimisation, verification or simulation using fluid dynamics, e.g. using Navier-Stokes equations or computational fluid dynamics [CFD]
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2221/00—Handled fluid, in particular type of fluid
- F17C2221/01—Pure fluids
- F17C2221/012—Hydrogen
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
- F17C2223/01—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the phase
- F17C2223/0107—Single phase
- F17C2223/0123—Single phase gaseous, e.g. CNG, GNC
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2250/00—Accessories; Control means; Indicating, measuring or monitoring of parameters
- F17C2250/04—Indicating or measuring of parameters as input values
- F17C2250/0404—Parameters indicated or measured
- F17C2250/0439—Temperature
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2260/00—Purposes of gas storage and gas handling
- F17C2260/02—Improving properties related to fluid or fluid transfer
- F17C2260/023—Avoiding overheating
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2260/00—Purposes of gas storage and gas handling
- F17C2260/04—Reducing risks and environmental impact
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/32—Hydrogen storage
Abstract
The application is suitable for the technical field of hydrogen application, and provides a method and a device for measuring the temperature in a hydrogen storage tank, wherein the method for measuring the temperature in the hydrogen storage tank comprises the following steps: establishing an energy flow equation model of hydrogen from a filling gun port to a hydrogen storage tank inlet to calculate the temperature of the hydrogen entering the hydrogen storage tank, then calculating the temperature of the original compressed hydrogen in the hydrogen storage tank, and establishing a heat mathematical model of heat exchange loss between heat in the hydrogen storage tank and the hydrogen storage tank; establishing a heat mathematical model for heat exchange loss between the heat in the hydrogen storage tank and the external environment, and calculating the total heat before the heat is lost in the hydrogen storage tank; calculating the residual total heat in the hydrogen storage tank; and calculating the effective temperature of the hydrogen storage tank after the hydrogen storage tank is filled according to the residual total heat in the hydrogen storage tank. The problem that the existing hydrogen storage tank cannot accurately measure the rising temperature of the hydrogen storage tank when filling hydrogen and is dangerous due to overhigh temperature of the hydrogen storage tank can be solved.
Description
Technical Field
The application belongs to the technical field of hydrogen application, and particularly relates to a method and a device for measuring temperature in a hydrogen storage tank.
Background
Hydrogen mainly exists on the earth in a compound form, for example, a large amount of hydrogen energy resources are stored in water occupying more than 70% of the surface area, and compared with non-renewable resources, the hydrogen energy resources are rich, inexhaustible and inexhaustible; the combustion product of hydrogen is only water, and carbon dioxide and nitrogen oxides are not discharged in the working process of the hydrogen fuel cell, so that the hydrogen fuel cell is the cleanest secondary energy; in addition, hydrogen energy is also convenient for large-scale storage, and is widely applied as an effective energy carrier. Based on the above characteristics, the development and utilization of hydrogen energy and the use of hydrogen as automobile power are highly regarded by various countries, international energy agencies and automobile manufacturers in the world, the hydrogen energy technology is rapidly developed, and the industrialization and commercialization of hydrogen energy automobiles are rapidly progressed.
But the problem that the temperature of the hydrogen storage tank rises obviously can appear in the process of filling the hydrogen storage tank with high-pressure hydrogen gas quickly, and in the prior art, the problem that the temperature of the hydrogen storage tank rising cannot be accurately measured when the hydrogen storage tank is filled with hydrogen gas, and danger is caused due to overhigh temperature of the hydrogen storage tank exists.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of this, the embodiments of the present application provide a method and a device for measuring a temperature in a hydrogen storage tank, which can solve the problem that the existing method cannot accurately measure a temperature of the hydrogen storage tank rising when filling hydrogen gas, and is dangerous due to an excessively high temperature of the hydrogen storage tank.
A first aspect of an embodiment of the present application provides a method for measuring a temperature in a hydrogen storage tank, including:
establishing an energy flow equation model of hydrogen from a filling gun port to a hydrogen storage tank inlet:
wherein ,h1 Specific enthalpy of hydrogen at the filling nozzle, c 1 The flow rate of hydrogen at the filling nozzle, h 2 Specific enthalpy of hydrogen gas at the inlet of the hydrogen storage tank, c 2 The flow rate of hydrogen gas at the inlet of the hydrogen storage tank,
the total energy loss of the hydrogen from the filling gun mouth to the inlet of the hydrogen storage tank;
calculating the flow rate c of the hydrogen at the inlet of the hydrogen storage tank according to the energy flow equation model 2 Comprises the following steps:
calculating the kinetic energy of the hydrogen with unit mass at the inlet of the hydrogen storage tank and converting the kinetic energy into internal energy Q 2 ：
Establishing hydrogen m into a hydrogen storage tank 1 Internal energy U of 2 The model is as follows:
U 2 ＝U 1 +β 1 Q 2 m 1 ；
wherein ,U1 For hydrogen gas in the internal energy of the filling gun mouth, Q 2 Is the internal energy, beta, converted from the kinetic energy of the hydrogen at the inlet of the hydrogen storage tank 1 Is the proportionality coefficient of the internal energy converted from the kinetic energy of the hydrogen at the inlet of the hydrogen storage tank, m 1 Is the mass of hydrogen entering the hydrogen storage tank;
according to temperature and internal energy U 2 The mathematical model of (1) calculates the hydrogen m entering the hydrogen storage tank 1 Temperature T of 1 Comprises the following steps:
wherein ,p2 Is a target pressure in the hydrogen storage tank;
calculating the original hydrogen m in the hydrogen storage tank 2 Temperature T after compression 2 ；
Calculating the planned temperature T in the hydrogen storage tank after the filling is completed 3 ；
Establishing the heat W in the hydrogen storage tank during the charging process 1 Heat quantity W lost by heat exchange with hydrogen storage tank 2 A mathematical model;
establishing the heat W in the hydrogen storage tank during the charging process 1 Heat mathematical model W for heat exchange loss with external environment 3 ；
Calculating the total heat before the heat loss in the hydrogen storage tank
Based on the total heat before heat loss in the hydrogen storage tank
Heat quantity W in hydrogen storage tank in charging process 1 Heat W lost by heat exchange with hydrogen storage tank 2 And the heat W in the hydrogen storage tank in the filling process 1 Heat mathematical model W for heat exchange loss with external environment 3 Calculating the total residual heat in the hydrogen storage tank
According to the total heat remaining in the hydrogen storage tank
Calculating an effective temperature at which filling in the hydrogen storage tank is completed
In one embodiment, the total energy loss of the hydrogen gas from the filling gun port to the hydrogen tank inlet port
The calculating method comprises the following steps:
wherein ,
the effective convection heat transfer coefficient of the filling gun mouth and the external environment is shown, and F is the heat lost by the filling gun mouth;
then, the calculation method of the heat F absorbed and lost by the filling gun mouth is as follows;
F＝S 1 m (1) (t (1) -t (2) )；
wherein ,S1 For the specific heat capacity of the filling nozzle, m (1) To fill the mass of the muzzle, t (1) For filling the initial temperature of the muzzle, t (2) The temperature of the hydrogen gas added to the filling gun mouth is reached.
In one embodiment, the proportionality coefficient β of the energy content of the hydrogen gas in the fill gun muzzle is established 1 The mathematical model of (a) is:
wherein ,p2 Is a target pressure in the hydrogen storage tank,
is a coefficient of a sinusoidal component of the signal,
in order to obtain the target pressure coefficient,
is a sinusoidal correction coefficient.
In one embodiment, the heat W in the hydrogen storage tank during charging is described 1 The calculating method comprises the following steps:
establishing the amount of heat W in the hydrogen storage tank 1 The mathematical model of (a) is:
W 1 ＝S 2 (αm 1 +m 2 )T 3 ；
wherein ,W1 Alpha is the hydrogen gas proportionality coefficient into the hydrogen storage tank during filling, S is the heat in the hydrogen storage tank during filling 2 Is the specific heat capacity of hydrogen.
In one embodiment, the method for calculating the hydrogen proportional coefficient α entering the hydrogen storage tank during the filling process comprises the following steps:
the mathematical model for establishing the hydrogen proportional coefficient alpha entering the hydrogen storage tank in the filling process is as follows:
where p1 is the initial pressure in the hydrogen storage tank.
In one embodiment, the effective heat transfer coefficient of the hydrogen storage tank material
The calculating method comprises the following steps:
establishing a mathematical model of the effective heat conduction coefficient of the hydrogen storage tank material:
wherein i is 1,2,3, …, g; i is the number of the types of the materials of the hydrogen storage tank,
is the thermal conductivity of the ith material in the x direction,
is the thermal conductivity of the ith material in the y-direction,
is the heat transfer coefficient in the z direction, k, of the i-th material i Is the thickness of the ith material.
In one embodiment, the establishing a mathematical model of the heat lost by the heat exchange between the heat in the hydrogen storage tank and the external environment comprises:
wherein ,W3 Heat lost by heat exchange between the heat in the hydrogen storage tank and the external environment,
is the effective heat convection coefficient of the heat in the hydrogen storage tank and the external environment.
In one embodiment, the method for calculating the total heat remaining in the hydrogen storage tank comprises the following steps:
wherein ,
for the effective heat after the heat is lost in the hydrogen storage tank,
the total heat before the heat is lost in the hydrogen storage tank;
wherein the total heat before heat loss in the hydrogen storage tank
The calculation method comprises the following steps:
In one embodiment, the method of calculating the effective temperature in the hydrogen storage tank includes:
wherein ,T0 Is the initial temperature of the hydrogen storage tank.
A second aspect embodied by the present application provides a measurement device for performing the in-hydrogen-storage-tank temperature measurement method according to any one of the above.
The embodiment of the application provides a method and a device for measuring the temperature in a hydrogen storage tank, wherein the method for measuring the temperature in the hydrogen storage tank comprises the following steps: establishing an energy flow equation model of hydrogen from a filling gun port to a hydrogen storage tank inlet to calculate the temperature of the hydrogen entering the hydrogen storage tank, then calculating the temperature of the original compressed hydrogen in the hydrogen storage tank, and establishing a heat mathematical model of heat exchange loss between heat in the hydrogen storage tank and the hydrogen storage tank; establishing a heat mathematical model for heat exchange loss between the heat in the hydrogen storage tank and the external environment, and calculating the total heat before the heat is lost in the hydrogen storage tank; calculating the residual total heat in the hydrogen storage tank; and calculating the effective temperature of the hydrogen storage tank after the hydrogen storage tank is filled according to the residual total heat in the hydrogen storage tank. The problem that the existing hydrogen storage tank cannot accurately measure the rising temperature of the hydrogen storage tank when filling hydrogen and is dangerous due to overhigh temperature of the hydrogen storage tank can be solved.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application, the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments or the prior art descriptions will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present application, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings based on these drawings without inventive exercise.
Fig. 1 is a schematic step diagram of a method for measuring temperature in a hydrogen storage tank according to an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a filling gun port and a hydrogen storage tank inlet provided in an embodiment of the present application;
fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of actual temperature measurement by a method for measuring temperature in a hydrogen storage tank according to an embodiment of the present application and the present application;
fig. 4 is a schematic diagram comparing measured temperatures of a method of measuring a temperature in a hydrogen storage tank according to an embodiment of the present application;
fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of the number of experiments and the error of a method for measuring the temperature in the hydrogen storage tank according to an embodiment of the present application.
Detailed Description
In the following description, for purposes of explanation and not limitation, specific details are set forth, such as particular system structures, techniques, etc. in order to provide a thorough understanding of the embodiments of the present application. It will be apparent, however, to one skilled in the art that the present application may be practiced in other embodiments that depart from these specific details. In other instances, detailed descriptions of well-known systems, devices, circuits, and methods are omitted so as not to obscure the description of the present application with unnecessary detail.
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be described clearly below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present application, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some, but not all, embodiments of the present application. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present application.
Hydrogen mainly exists on the earth in a compound form, for example, water occupying more than 70% of the surface area contains a large amount of hydrogen energy resources, and compared with non-renewable resources, the hydrogen energy resources are rich, inexhaustible and inexhaustible; the combustion product of hydrogen is only water, and carbon dioxide and nitrogen oxides are not discharged in the working process of the hydrogen fuel cell, so that the hydrogen fuel cell is the cleanest secondary energy; in addition, hydrogen energy is also convenient for large-scale storage, and is widely applied as an effective energy carrier. Based on the above characteristics, the development and utilization of hydrogen energy and the use of hydrogen as automobile power are highly regarded by various countries, international energy agencies and automobile manufacturers in the world, the hydrogen energy technology is rapidly developed, and the industrialization and commercialization of hydrogen energy automobiles are rapidly progressed.
But the problem that the temperature of the hydrogen storage tank rises obviously can appear in the process of filling the hydrogen storage tank with high-pressure hydrogen gas quickly, and in the prior art, the problem that the temperature of the hydrogen storage tank rising cannot be accurately measured when the hydrogen storage tank is filled with hydrogen gas, and danger is caused due to overhigh temperature of the hydrogen storage tank exists.
In order to solve the above technical problem, an embodiment of the present application provides a method for measuring a temperature in a hydrogen storage tank, which is shown with reference to fig. 1 and 2, wherein the method for measuring a temperature in a hydrogen storage tank includes: step S100 to step S800.
In step S100: establishing an energy flow equation model of hydrogen from a filling gun port to an inlet of a hydrogen storage tank:
wherein ,h1 Specific enthalpy of hydrogen at the filling nozzle, c 1 The flow velocity h of hydrogen at the filling gun mouth 2 Specific enthalpy of hydrogen gas at the inlet of the hydrogen storage tank, c 2 Is the flow rate of hydrogen gas at the inlet of the hydrogen storage tank,
the total energy loss of the hydrogen from the filling gun mouth to the inlet of the hydrogen storage tank is obtained;
calculating the flow rate c of the hydrogen at the inlet of the hydrogen storage tank according to the energy flow equation model 2 Comprises the following steps:
step S100 also comprises calculating the kinetic energy of the hydrogen with unit mass at the inlet of the hydrogen storage tank to be converted into internal energy;
wherein the kinetic energy of hydrogen gas of unit mass at the inlet of the hydrogen storage tank is converted into internal energy Q 2 The mathematical model of (a) is:
in step S200: establishing hydrogen m entering the hydrogen storage tank 1 Internal energy U of 2 Model:
U 2 ＝U 1 +β 1 Q 2 m 1 ；
wherein ,U1 Internal energy Q of hydrogen at the filling gun mouth 2 Is the internal energy, beta, converted from the kinetic energy of the hydrogen at the inlet of the hydrogen storage tank 1 Is the proportionality coefficient of the internal energy converted from the kinetic energy of hydrogen at the inlet of the hydrogen storage tank, m 1 Is the mass of hydrogen entering the hydrogen storage tank;
in step S300: according to temperature and internal energy U 2 The mathematical model of (2), then the hydrogen m entering the hydrogen storage tank is calculated 1 Temperature T of 1 Comprises the following steps:
wherein ,p2 Is the target pressure in the hydrogen storage tank.
In step S400: calculating the original hydrogen m in the hydrogen storage tank 2 Temperature T after compression 2 ；
Calculating the planned temperature T in the hydrogen storage tank after the filling is completed 3 。
In step S500: establishing the heat W in the hydrogen storage tank during the charging process 1 Heat quantity W lost by heat exchange with hydrogen storage tank 2 The mathematical model is as follows:
wherein ,W2 Heat lost for heat exchange between the heat in the hydrogen storage tank and the hydrogen storage tank, W 1 T is the hydrogen filling time, L 1 Is the material thickness, L, of the hydrogen storage tank in the x direction 2 Is the thickness of the material in the y-direction of the hydrogen storage tank,L 3 is the thickness of the material in the z direction of the hydrogen storage tank,
is the effective heat transfer coefficient of the hydrogen storage tank material; dV is the partial derivative of the volume of the hydrogen storage tank, dV ═ dxdydz; in the present embodiment, a coordinate system is established with the center of gravity of the hydrogen storage tank as the center, wherein the hydrogen storage tank is of a symmetrical up-down symmetrical or left-right symmetrical structure.
In step S600: establishing the heat W in the hydrogen storage tank during the charging process 1 Heat mathematical model W for heat exchange loss with external environment 3 ；
Calculating the total heat before the heat loss in the hydrogen storage tank
In step S700: based on the total heat before heat loss in the hydrogen storage tank
Heat quantity W in hydrogen storage tank in charging process 1 Heat quantity W lost by heat exchange with hydrogen storage tank 2 And the heat W in the hydrogen storage tank in the filling process 1 Heat mathematical model W for heat exchange loss with external environment 3 Calculating the total heat remaining in the hydrogen storage tank
In step S800: according to the total heat remaining in the hydrogen storage tank
Calculating the effective temperature of the hydrogen storage tank after the filling
In the present embodiment, in step S100, the flow rate c of hydrogen gas at the inlet of the hydrogen storage tank can be obtained by establishing an energy flow equation model for the hydrogen gas from the filling gun port to the inlet of the hydrogen storage tank 2 Wherein the flow rate c of hydrogen at the filling nozzle 1 Can be directly obtained by arranging a speed sensor at the filling gun mouth, and in one embodiment, the flow rate c of the hydrogen at the filling gun mouth 1 Smaller, and negligible, is set to 0. By calculating the flow rate c of hydrogen gas at the inlet of the hydrogen storage tank 2 Then the kinetic energy of the hydrogen with unit mass at the inlet of the hydrogen storage tank can be calculated and converted into internal energy Q 2 。
In the present embodiment, in step S200: establishing hydrogen m entering the hydrogen storage tank 1 Internal energy U of 2 The model is as follows: u shape 2 ＝U 1 +β 1 Q 2 m 1； wherein ,U1 Internal energy Q of hydrogen at the filling gun mouth 2 Is the internal energy, beta, converted from the kinetic energy of the hydrogen at the inlet of the hydrogen storage tank 1 Is the proportionality coefficient of the internal energy converted from the kinetic energy of the hydrogen at the inlet of the hydrogen storage tank. Specifically, in the present embodiment, the proportionality coefficient β of the internal energy into which the kinetic energy of hydrogen gas at the inlet of the hydrogen storage tank is converted is set 1 Can make the hydrogen m entering the hydrogen storage tank 1 Internal energy U of 2 The result is closer to the true value, so that the calculation result is more accurate. Can solve the problem that the temperature of the hydrogen storage tank which can not be accurately measured when the hydrogen storage tank is filled with hydrogen in the prior art is dangerous because the temperature of the hydrogen storage tank is too high.
In the present embodiment, in step S400: calculating the original hydrogen m in the hydrogen storage tank 2 Temperature T after compression 2 . Specifically, when hydrogen is required to be added into the hydrogen storage tank, the original hydrogen in the hydrogen storage tank is compressed, the compression work is carried out, certain heat is generated, then the temperature of the original hydrogen after being compressed is calculated according to the heat generation of the original hydrogen, and the calculation result can be more accurate.
In one embodiment, the original hydrogen m in the hydrogen storage tank is calculated 2 Temperature T after compression 2 The method comprises the following steps: when hydrogen m is present 1 After entering the hydrogen storage tank, the pressure in the hydrogen storage tank changes linearly; then according to
wherein ,p1 Initial pressure in the hydrogen storage tank, p 2 T is a target pressure in the hydrogen storage tank, t is a filling time required for the hydrogen storage tank to be filled to the target pressure, and p is a pressure of hydrogen gas in a standard state. Then, the original hydrogen m in the hydrogen storage tank 2 The process of heat generation after compression satisfies the modified polytropic equation: pv n C; wherein p is the pressure of hydrogen in a standard state, v is the specific volume of hydrogen in a standard state, and n is a polytropic index; c is a constant; establishing a volume ratio v mathematical model of hydrogen as follows:
where p is the pressure of the hydrogen gas in the standard state and b is the proportionality coefficient of the pressure of the hydrogen gas in the standard state, and in one embodiment, b is 7.69 × 10 -3 m 3 R is hydrogen gas constant, R is 4127.3J/(kg · K), T is hydrogen gas temperature under standard conditions; then there is a change in the number of,
further comprises the following steps:
wherein ,T2 The original temperature of the hydrogen m2 after compression;
wherein ,
wherein ,v1 For hydrogen m to enter the hydrogen tank 1 V volume ratio of 2 Is original hydrogen m 2 The volume ratio of (A) to (B); the original hydrogen m can be calculated 2 Temperature T after compression 2 Comprises the following steps:
through calculating the temperature of the original hydrogen after being compressed, the problem that the temperature of the hydrogen storage tank in the prior art is increased because the temperature of the hydrogen storage tank is too high and danger occurs due to inaccurate measurement of the hydrogen storage tank during filling hydrogen can be solvedTo give a title.
In the present embodiment, in step S500: establishing a heat mathematical model for heat exchange loss between heat in the hydrogen storage tank and the hydrogen storage tank:
wherein ,W2 Heat lost for heat exchange between the heat in the hydrogen storage tank and the hydrogen storage tank, W 1 T is the hydrogen filling time, L 1 Is the material thickness, L, of the hydrogen storage tank in the x direction 2 Is the thickness of the material in the y direction of the hydrogen storage tank, L 3 Is the thickness of the material in the z direction of the hydrogen storage tank,
is the effective heat transfer coefficient of the hydrogen storage tank material; dV is the partial derivative of the volume of the hydrogen storage tank.
Specifically, the hydrogen storage tank can generate heat when being filled with hydrogen, but in the filling process, the heat can be partially absorbed by the hydrogen storage tank, wherein the amount of heat absorbed by the hydrogen storage tank is related to the material of the hydrogen storage tank, the thickness of the hydrogen storage tank and the heat conduction coefficient of the hydrogen storage tank in the x, y and z directions.
In the present embodiment, in step S600: establishing a heat mathematical model W for heat exchange loss between heat in a hydrogen storage tank and the external environment 3 . Specifically, a heat mathematical model for heat exchange loss between the heat in the hydrogen storage tank and the external environment is established:
wherein ,W3 Heat lost by heat exchange between the heat in the hydrogen storage tank and the external environment,
the effective heat convection coefficient of the heat in the hydrogen storage tank and the external environment; in this embodiment, the space for storing hydrogen inside the hydrogen storage tank is simplified into one point, a coordinate system is established by taking the point as a center, the heat lost by heat exchange between the heat inside the hydrogen storage tank and the external environment is solved, and the effective heat convection coefficient between the heat inside the hydrogen storage tank and the external environment is a fixed value.
In the present embodiment, the total heat amount before the heat loss in the hydrogen storage tank is calculated
The method comprises the following steps:
In the present embodiment, in step S700: calculating the total residual heat in the hydrogen storage tank
Specifically, the remaining total heat in the hydrogen storage tank is:
wherein ,
for the effective heat after the heat is lost in the hydrogen storage tank,
is the total heat before the heat is lost in the hydrogen storage tank.
In the present embodiment, in step S800: according to the total heat remaining in the hydrogen storage tank
Calculating an effective temperature at which filling in the hydrogen storage tank is completed
Specifically, the effective temperature in the hydrogen storage tank is calculated as:
wherein ,T0 Is the initial temperature of the hydrogen storage tank. Wherein, in one embodiment, T 0 The initial temperature of the hydrogen storage tank can be directly measured, or the initial temperature of the hydrogen storage tank is consistent with the temperature of the external environment.
In one embodiment, the total energy loss of the hydrogen gas from the filling gun port to the inlet of the hydrogen storage tank
The calculating method comprises the following steps:
wherein ,
the effective heat convection coefficient of the filling gun mouth and the external environment is shown, and F is the heat lost by the filling gun mouth; then, the calculation method of the heat F absorbed and lost by the filling gun mouth is as follows; f ═ S 1 m (1) (t (1) -t (2))； wherein ,S1 For the specific heat capacity of the filling nozzle, m (1) To fill the mass of the muzzle, t (1) For filling the initial temperature of the muzzle, t (2) The temperature of the hydrogen gas added to the filling gun mouth is reached.
In the embodiment, the total energy loss of the hydrogen gas from the filling gun mouth to the inlet of the hydrogen storage tank is composed of two parts, one part is the heat F absorbed and lost by the filling gun mouth, and the other part is the heat lost by the hydrogen gas passing through the filling gun mouth at the filling gun mouth. By calculating the heat loss of the two parts, the total energy loss of the hydrogen from the filling gun mouth to the inlet of the hydrogen storage tank can be accurately calculated, so that the calculation result is more accurate.
In one embodiment, the proportionality coefficient beta for establishing the internal energy of the hydrogen gas at the filling gun mouth 1 The mathematical model of (a) is:
wherein ,p2 Is a target pressure in the hydrogen storage tank,
is a coefficient of a sinusoidal component of the signal,
in order to obtain the target pressure coefficient,
is a sinusoidal correction coefficient.
Specifically, the amounts of the three systems of the sine component coefficient, the target pressure coefficient and the sine correction coefficient can be determined through the internal energy U of the three groups of hydrogen at the filling gun mouth 1 And the internal energy Q converted from the kinetic energy of the hydrogen at the inlet of the hydrogen storage tank 2 And (4) calculating. The calculation result is more accurate by setting the proportionality coefficient of the internal energy of the hydrogen at the filling gun port. Can solve the problem that the temperature of the hydrogen storage tank which can not accurately measure the rising temperature of the hydrogen storage tank when filling hydrogen in the prior art is dangerous because the temperature of the hydrogen storage tank is too high.
In one embodiment, the internal energy U of the hydrogen gas at the filling gun opening 1 Can pass through U 1 ＝-4.048×10 5 +10475×T′-1.407×10 -3 P' is calculated or measured by a sensor. Wherein T 'is the temperature of hydrogen at the filling gun mouth, and p' is the temperature of hydrogen at the filling gun mouthThe pressure at the port.
In one embodiment, the heat W in the hydrogen storage tank during charging is described 1 The calculating method comprises the following steps: the mathematical model for establishing the heat quantity and the filling time in the hydrogen storage tank is as follows: w 1 ＝S 2 (αm 1 +m 2 )T 3； wherein ,W1 Alpha is the hydrogen gas proportionality coefficient into the hydrogen storage tank during filling, S is the heat in the hydrogen storage tank during filling 2 Is the specific heat capacity of hydrogen.
In one embodiment, the method for calculating the hydrogen proportional coefficient α entering the hydrogen storage tank during the filling process comprises the following steps: the mathematical model for establishing the hydrogen proportional coefficient alpha entering the hydrogen storage tank in the filling process is as follows:
in this embodiment, since hydrogen gas gradually enters the hydrogen storage tank during filling, a proportionality coefficient of hydrogen gas entering the hydrogen storage tank is set, wherein the proportionality coefficient is related to the refilling time t after completion of filling, and the flow rate c of hydrogen gas at the inlet of the hydrogen storage tank 2 And initial pressure p in the hydrogen storage tank 1 It is related.
In one embodiment, the effective heat transfer coefficient of the hydrogen storage tank material
The calculating method comprises the following steps: establishing a mathematical model of the effective heat conduction coefficient of the hydrogen storage tank material:
wherein i is 1,2,3, …, g; i is the number of the types of the materials of the hydrogen storage tank,
is the thermal conductivity of the ith material in the x direction,
is the thermal conductivity of the ith material in the y-direction,
is the heat transfer coefficient in the z direction, k, of the i-th material i Is the thickness of the ith material.
In this embodiment, the hydrogen storage tank is made of more than three materials, the heat conduction coefficients of different materials are different, and the heat conduction coefficients of the same material in the x, y and z directions are also different
The accurate value of (2) can make the result calculation of the heat loss of heat exchange between the heat in the hydrogen storage tank and the hydrogen storage tank more accurate.
In one embodiment, the mathematical modeling of the heat lost by the heat exchange between the heat in the hydrogen storage tank and the external environment comprises:
wherein ,W3 Heat lost by heat exchange between the heat in the hydrogen storage tank and the external environment,
is the effective heat convection coefficient of the heat in the hydrogen storage tank and the external environment.
In one embodiment, the method for calculating the total heat remaining in the hydrogen storage tank comprises the following steps:
wherein ,
for the effective heat after the heat is lost in the hydrogen storage tank,
the total heat before the heat is lost in the hydrogen storage tank; wherein the total heat before heat loss in the hydrogen storage tank
The calculation method comprises the following steps:
in one embodiment, the method of calculating the effective temperature in the hydrogen storage tank includes:
In one embodiment, referring to fig. 3, the invention is applied to different hydrogen storage tanks, the temperature in the different hydrogen storage tanks is measured by the method of the invention, the measurement result is shown in fig. 3, and it can be seen from the figure that the measured temperature and the actual temperature at the positions 1-6 of the hydrogen storage tanks are respectively 2.3 ℃, 3.4 ℃, 2.0 ℃, 1.9 ℃, 2.1 ℃ and 2.3 ℃ with the maximum difference value of 3.4 ℃, the relative measurement precision is 1.92%, which is 5.00% higher than the precision required by the industry, in the productivity calculation method, so as to meet the industrial requirements.
In one embodiment, referring to fig. 4, the invention is applied to different hydrogen storage tanks, the temperature and the actual temperature of different hydrogen storage tanks and the temperature calculated by the existing method are measured by the method, and the measurement result is shown in fig. 4, so that the temperature of the hydrogen storage tanks 1 to 12 in the method is higher in relative measurement precision, which is 5.00% higher than the precision required by the industry, compared with the temperature of the hydrogen storage tanks calculated by the existing method, and the industrial requirement is met.
In one embodiment, as shown in fig. 5, the average error value of the hydrogen storage tank temperature measured by the method of the present invention is 1.26%, the variance is 2, and the maximum error is 1.42%, so the method of the present invention is stable. The method disclosed by the patent is adopted to carry out 20 temperature measurement experiments in different hydrogen storage tanks, and the average value is taken as a result record, so that the maximum relative error is 1.34, and the industrial requirement is met.
An embodiment of the present application also provides a measurement apparatus for performing the method for measuring the temperature in the hydrogen storage tank according to any one of the above.
In the above embodiments, the descriptions of the respective embodiments have respective emphasis, and reference may be made to the related descriptions of other embodiments for parts that are not described or illustrated in a certain embodiment.
The above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present application, and not to limit the same; although the present application has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it should be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some technical features may be equivalently replaced; such modifications and substitutions do not substantially depart from the spirit and scope of the embodiments of the present application and are intended to be included within the scope of the present application.
Claims (10)
1. A method of measuring a temperature in a hydrogen storage tank, characterized by comprising:
establishing an energy flow equation model of hydrogen from a filling gun port to a hydrogen storage tank inlet:
wherein ,h1 Specific enthalpy of hydrogen at the filling nozzle, c 1 The flow rate of hydrogen at the filling nozzle, h 2 Specific enthalpy of hydrogen gas at the inlet of the hydrogen storage tank, c 2 The flow rate of hydrogen gas at the inlet of the hydrogen storage tank,
the total energy loss of the hydrogen from the filling gun mouth to the hydrogen storage tank inlet;
calculating the flow rate c of the hydrogen at the inlet of the hydrogen storage tank according to the energy flow equation model 2 Comprises the following steps:
calculating the kinetic energy of the hydrogen with unit mass at the inlet of the hydrogen storage tank and converting the kinetic energy into internal energy Q 2 ：
Establishing hydrogen m into a hydrogen storage tank 1 Internal energy U of 2 The model is as follows:
U 2 ＝U 1 +β 1 Q 2 m 1 ；
wherein ,U1 Internal energy Q of hydrogen at the filling gun mouth 2 Is the internal energy, beta, of hydrogen at the inlet of the hydrogen storage tank 1 Is the proportionality coefficient of the internal energy converted from the kinetic energy of the hydrogen at the inlet of the hydrogen storage tank, m 1 The mass of hydrogen gas entering the hydrogen storage tank;
according to the temperature and the internal energy U 2 The mathematical model of (1) calculates the hydrogen m entering the hydrogen storage tank 1 Temperature T of 1 Comprises the following steps:
wherein ,p2 Is a target pressure in the hydrogen storage tank;
calculating the original hydrogen m in the hydrogen storage tank 2 Temperature T after compression 2 ；
Calculating the planned temperature T in the hydrogen storage tank after the filling is completed 3 ；
Is built inHeat quantity W in hydrogen storage tank in charging process 1 Heat quantity W lost by heat exchange with hydrogen storage tank 2 A mathematical model;
establishing the heat W in the hydrogen storage tank during the charging process 1 Heat mathematical model W for heat exchange loss with external environment 3 ；
Calculating the total heat before the heat loss in the hydrogen storage tank
Based on the total heat before heat loss in the hydrogen storage tank
Heat quantity W in hydrogen storage tank in charging process 1 Heat quantity W lost by heat exchange with hydrogen storage tank 2 And the heat W in the hydrogen storage tank in the filling process 1 Heat mathematical model W for heat exchange loss with external environment 3 Calculating the total residual heat in the hydrogen storage tank
According to the total heat remaining in the hydrogen storage tank
Calculating the effective temperature of the hydrogen storage tank after the filling
2. A method for measuring temperature in a hydrogen storage tank according to claim 1, wherein the total loss of energy of hydrogen gas from a filling gun port to an inlet of the hydrogen storage tank
The calculating method comprises the following steps:
wherein ,
the effective convection heat transfer coefficient of the filling gun mouth and the external environment is shown, and F is the heat lost by the filling gun mouth;
then, the calculation method of the heat F absorbed and lost by the filling gun mouth is as follows;
F＝S 1 m (1) (t (2) -t (1) )；
wherein ,S1 For the specific heat capacity of the filling nozzle, m (1) To fill the mass of the muzzle, t (1) For filling the initial temperature of the muzzle, t (2) The temperature of the hydrogen gas added to the filling gun mouth is reached.
3. The method of measuring the temperature in a hydrogen storage tank according to claim 1, characterized in that the proportionality coefficient β of the internal energy of hydrogen gas in the filling gun mouth is established 1 The mathematical model of (a) is:
wherein ,p2 Is a target pressure in the hydrogen storage tank,
is a coefficient of a sinusoidal component of the signal,
in order to obtain the target pressure coefficient,
is a sinusoidal correction coefficient.
4. The method of measuring the temperature in a hydrogen storage tank according to claim 1, wherein the temperature is measured while chargingHeat quantity W in hydrogen storage tank during charging 1 The calculating method comprises the following steps:
establishing the amount of heat W in the hydrogen storage tank 1 The mathematical model of (a) is:
W 1 ＝S 2 (αm 1 +m 2 )T 3 ；
wherein ,W1 Alpha is the hydrogen gas proportionality coefficient into the hydrogen storage tank during filling, S is the heat in the hydrogen storage tank during filling 2 Is the specific heat capacity of hydrogen.
5. The method of measuring the temperature inside a hydrogen storage tank according to claim 4, wherein the hydrogen proportion coefficient α entering the hydrogen storage tank during filling is calculated by:
the mathematical model for establishing the hydrogen proportional coefficient alpha entering the hydrogen storage tank in the filling process is as follows:
wherein ,p1 Is the initial pressure in the hydrogen storage tank.
6. A method of measuring temperature in a hydrogen storage tank according to claim 1, characterized in that the effective heat transfer coefficient of the hydrogen storage tank material
The calculating method comprises the following steps:
establishing a mathematical model of the effective heat conduction coefficient of the hydrogen storage tank material:
wherein i is 1,2,3, …, g; i is the number of the types of the materials of the hydrogen storage tank,
is the thermal conductivity of the ith material in the x direction,
is the thermal conductivity of the ith material in the y-direction,
is the heat transfer coefficient in the z direction, k, of the i-th material i Is the thickness of the ith material.
7. A method of measuring the temperature inside a hydrogen storage tank according to claim 1, wherein the establishing a mathematical model of the amount of heat lost by heat exchange with the external environment inside the hydrogen storage tank comprises:
wherein ,W3 Heat lost for heat exchange between the heat in the hydrogen storage tank and the external environment,
is the effective heat convection coefficient of the heat in the hydrogen storage tank and the external environment.
8. A method of measuring a temperature in a hydrogen storage tank according to claim 7, characterized in that the method of calculating a total amount of heat remaining in the hydrogen storage tank comprises:
wherein ,
for the effective heat after the heat is lost in the hydrogen storage tank,
the total heat before the heat is lost in the hydrogen storage tank;
wherein the total heat before heat loss in the hydrogen storage tank
The calculation method comprises the following steps:
9. The method of measuring the temperature inside a hydrogen storage tank according to claim 8, characterized in that the method of calculating the effective temperature in a hydrogen storage tank comprises:
wherein ,T0 Is the initial temperature of the hydrogen storage tank.
10. A measuring device characterized by being used to perform the method of measuring temperature in a hydrogen storage tank according to any one of claims 1 to 9.
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