CN115059486B - Quick well forming method for rock shaft - Google Patents
Quick well forming method for rock shaft Download PDFInfo
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- CN115059486B CN115059486B CN202210755876.1A CN202210755876A CN115059486B CN 115059486 B CN115059486 B CN 115059486B CN 202210755876 A CN202210755876 A CN 202210755876A CN 115059486 B CN115059486 B CN 115059486B
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 25
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 24
- 238000005422 blasting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 119
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- 239000002360 explosive Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 230000003014 reinforcing effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000004880 explosion Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000000839 emulsion Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 6
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000009412 basement excavation Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 description 8
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000013517 stratification Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000005641 tunneling Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004080 punching Methods 0.000 description 2
- 235000017166 Bambusa arundinacea Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000017491 Bambusa tulda Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 244000223760 Cinnamomum zeylanicum Species 0.000 description 1
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- 235000015334 Phyllostachys viridis Nutrition 0.000 description 1
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- 235000017803 cinnamon Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 238000005192 partition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
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- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D11/00—Lining tunnels, galleries or other underground cavities, e.g. large underground chambers; Linings therefor; Making such linings in situ, e.g. by assembling
- E21D11/14—Lining predominantly with metal
- E21D11/18—Arch members ; Network made of arch members ; Ring elements; Polygon elements; Polygon elements inside arches
- E21D11/20—Special cross- sections, e.g. corrugated
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B7/00—Special methods or apparatus for drilling
- E21B7/04—Directional drilling
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D1/00—Sinking shafts
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
- F42D—BLASTING
- F42D1/00—Blasting methods or apparatus, e.g. loading or tamping
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
- F42D—BLASTING
- F42D1/00—Blasting methods or apparatus, e.g. loading or tamping
- F42D1/08—Tamping methods; Methods for loading boreholes with explosives; Apparatus therefor
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
- F42D—BLASTING
- F42D3/00—Particular applications of blasting techniques
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/20—Hydro energy
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Architecture (AREA)
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- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Drilling And Exploitation, And Mining Machines And Methods (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of shaft construction, in particular to a method for quickly forming a rock shaft, which comprises the following steps: s1, reinforcing tunnels at the upstream section and the downstream section of a vertical shaft; s2, drilling a pilot hole for construction; s3, dividing a construction area of the vertical shaft into a plurality of areas, and starting drilling blast holes around the prior guide hole until the blast holes are expanded to the whole vertical shaft area; explosive and soil are filled in the explosion holes to be exploded; s4, conveying out blasting slag. The invention constructs the pilot hole in advance, provides a slag-off channel for the subsequent blasting and provides a blasting empty face by means of the pilot hole, and does not need the slag-off of ground slag-off equipment; after shaft blasting is completed, slag is discharged in the tunnel by adopting a slag car, so that the slag discharging efficiency and the blasting efficiency are improved. According to the invention, the vertical shafts are divided into areas, each area is designed in a sectional manner in the vertical direction, and blasting is performed according to a specific sequence, so that the blasting is ensured to have smaller earthquake effect and lower noise, the well forming efficiency is improved, and the construction period is shortened.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of shaft construction, in particular to a method for quickly forming a rock shaft.
Background
The tunnel is built underground, underwater or in mountain, is used for a vehicle or a water-passing building, is generally built by adopting a TBM construction method at present, and is mainly applied to the fields of water conservancy, hydropower, traffic, mines and the like. The TBM construction method refers to a full-face tunnel boring machine, construction procedures such as tunneling, supporting, slag discharging and the like are parallel and continuous operation, and the TBM construction method is industrial pipeline tunnel construction equipment integrating systems such as machinery, electricity, liquid, light, gas and the like. After TBM tunneling machine tunneling is completed, the tunneling machine needs to be disassembled and lifted out through the disassembly vertical shaft, the vertical shaft needs to be supported at the upper and lower stream positions communicated with the tunnel before the construction of the disassembly vertical shaft, the TBM tunneling machine is disassembled and lifted out after the construction of the vertical shaft is completed, the secondary lining of the tunnel and the hidden construction of the vertical shaft are carried out at the upper and lower stream sections of the vertical shaft after the hoisting is completed, and then the vertical shaft is backfilled in a layered mode to restore the original appearance.
Because tunnel excavation section size does not satisfy TBM and pushes away the requirement in the sky, TBM dismantles the secondary lining concrete construction of shaft upper and lower stream section tunnel and must wait for TBM equipment to push to the sky in shaft position dismantles and hoist and just can the construction after accomplishing, consequently, the construction requirement to the shaft is quick, safe to provide safe place for TBM dismantles the machine as soon as possible, guarantees that whole project is accomplished early.
The prior art CN104819670B discloses a pre-drilling medium-hole vertical shaft excavation blasting method, which comprises the following steps: a. drilling a hole in the blasting area, and after backfilling the middle hole with sand, drilling a primary blasting cut hole, a primary blasting auxiliary hole and a primary blasting peripheral hole according to the requirement of straight-hole cutting of the central hole; b. loading explosive; d. detonating an explosive; e. drilling secondary blasting auxiliary holes and secondary blasting peripheral holes; f. loading explosive; g. detonating an explosive; h. ventilating the underground, and completely exhausting harmful gas; f. repeating the steps a to h, and blasting in layers until the design elevation is reached. The shaft excavation blasting method adopts a drilling and blasting method of twice blasting forming for construction, and the central hollow hole can increase the free surface for surrounding rock, so that the optimal blasting effect is achieved, the control of the blasting vibration speed is facilitated, the safety and the blasting reliability are higher, and the requirement of shaft blasting can be met in a standard mode. However, the secondary blasting needs repeated drilling, and the construction period is prolonged.
In view of the foregoing, there is a need for a method of constructing a rock shaft that provides rapid well formation.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problem of long construction period of a vertical shaft in the prior art, the invention provides a method for quickly forming a rock vertical shaft, which adopts the combination of pilot hole and deep hole partition and sectional blasting well forming, synchronously slag is discharged in a tunnel at the bottom of the vertical shaft, and the construction efficiency is improved.
In order to achieve the above object, the technical scheme of the present invention is as follows:
a method of rapid well formation for a rock shaft comprising:
s1, reinforcing tunnels of an upper section and a lower section of a vertical shaft;
s2, drilling a pilot hole, drilling the pilot hole to the top of the tunnel at the bottom, and communicating the pilot hole with the tunnel;
s3, dividing a construction area of the vertical shaft into a plurality of areas, and starting drilling blast holes around the prior guide hole until the blast holes are expanded to the whole vertical shaft area; explosive and soil are filled in the explosion holes to be exploded;
s4, conveying out blasting slag falling into the bottom tunnel.
Further, in step S3, the construction area of the shaft is divided into three areas, the three areas are arranged in a linear array, and the length directions of the three areas coincide with the length direction of the cross section of the shaft; the three areas are a first area, a second area and a third area, and the pilot hole is positioned in the first area.
Further, before blasting, a pilot hole is drilled by a punching pile machine, and the diameter of the pilot hole is 1.5m. And (3) driving a plurality of ventilation holes with the diameter of 150mm into the ground of the downstream section of the construction area of the vertical shaft, and drilling the ventilation holes to be communicated with the bottom tunnel.
Further, a PVC pipe guard hole is buried in the vent hole to ensure ventilation of the downstream of the vertical well.
Further, deep hole blasting is adopted in the first area, the second area and the third area; the periphery of the vertical shaft adopts pre-splitting blasting.
Further, the first area is longitudinally divided into 2 sections, namely a first section and a second section from bottom to top; the second area is longitudinally divided into 3 sections, namely a third section, a fourth section and a fifth section from bottom to top; the third area is longitudinally divided into 3 sections, namely a sixth section, a seventh section and an eighth section from bottom to top; the sequence of blasting is as follows: the first section, the second section, the third section, the fourth section, the fifth section, the sixth section, the seventh section and the eighth section.
Further, a plurality of cut holes are arranged around the pilot hole at the periphery of the pilot hole, and the cut holes are grouped singly; arranging other blastholes in the first area in a transverse diffusion manner by using cut holes at the periphery of the pilot hole, wherein the other blastholes comprise a first blastgroup and a second blastgroup; the first blasting groups and the second blasting groups are arranged in an array at intervals along the length direction of the first area, and the distance between the first blasting groups and the second blasting groups is 0.8m.
Further, the first blasting group comprises three blasting holes which are longitudinally arranged at intervals, and the interval is 0.8m; the second blasting group comprises three blasting holes which are longitudinally arranged at intervals, and the distance between the three blasting holes is 1m.
Further, the blasting order of the blastholes in the first area is: the peripheral cut holes of the pilot hole and other blasting holes of the first area array are segmented into two sections from bottom to top, namely a first section and a second section, the first section is blasted firstly, the cut holes are blasted firstly in the first section, and then the pilot hole is used as a starting point, and blasting is sequentially performed along the length direction of the first area; and then blasting a second section, namely blasting the cut holes in the second section, and sequentially blasting along the length direction of the first area by taking the pilot hole as a starting point.
Further, third blasting groups are arranged in the second area, the third blasting groups are arranged in an array manner in the second area, and the blastholes of each row are staggered with the blastholes of the adjacent row in the longitudinal direction; the third burst group had a lateral spacing of 0.5m and a longitudinal spacing of 0.8m.
Still further, the third blast group includes three blastholes arranged at a lateral interval of 0.8m.
Further, the blasting order of the blastholes in the second area is: and blasting according to the sequence of the third section, the fourth section and the fifth section, and blasting sequentially in units of blasting groups in each section from one side close to the first area to the outside in the longitudinal direction.
Further, the periphery of the second area is provided with pre-cracking holes, the pre-cracking holes are blasted in a pre-cracking blasting mode, a row of pre-cracking holes are arranged along the edge of the second area, the pre-cracking holes on each side form a group, and the spacing of the pre-cracking holes in each group is 0.5m. The presplitting hole is presplitting and blasting before the third blasting group blasting hole, and the segmentation time is 75ms.
Further, the arrangement mode of the blast holes in the third area and the second area is symmetrical, and the blasting sequence is also symmetrical; the blasting method is consistent.
Further, the blast holes are drilled vertically until reaching the bottom.
Furthermore, the blasting holes adopt a layered charging mode, and specifically comprise the following steps: the hole depth of the blast hole is L, the blast hole is vertically divided into a plurality of layers, and the first layer and the second layer … … Nth layer are arranged from bottom to top; wherein, the layering height of each layer is:
wherein L is the hole depth of the blast hole, D is the diameter of the blast hole, D is the minimum distance between the center of the blast hole and the edge of the vertical shaft, f is the firmness coefficient of the vertical shaft rock, C is the experience coefficient, and the value of C is selected according to the depth of each layer.
Further, the explosive filled in the blast hole is emulsion explosive, the filling height of the emulsion explosive in the nth layer is 2m, and the filling height of the emulsion explosive in the rest layers is 2.5m.
Further, the specific method for reinforcement in step S1 is as follows: and reinforcing and supporting the vertical shaft within 10 meters at the upper and lower sides respectively by adopting steel arches, wherein the steel arches adopt I16I-steel, and the arch spacing is 1m.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) According to the invention, the upstream and downstream tunnels are reinforced before the shaft construction, so that the construction safety during shaft excavation is ensured; the shaft construction method of the invention constructs the pilot hole in advance, provides a slag-off channel for subsequent blasting by means of the pilot hole, and provides a free surface for rock shaft blasting without slag discharge of ground slag discharge equipment; after shaft blasting is completed, blasting slag falls into the excavated and supported tunnel completely, slag is discharged in the tunnel synchronously by adopting a slag-soil vehicle, and the slag discharging efficiency and the blasting efficiency are improved.
(2) According to the invention, the vertical shafts are divided into areas, each area is designed in a sectional manner in the vertical direction, and blasting is performed according to a specific sequence and blasting sections, so that the blasting is ensured to have smaller earthquake effect and lower noise, slag materials are ensured to fall into tunnels after each blasting, and the well forming efficiency is improved.
Meanwhile, the independent blasting design is carried out for each area, so that the earthquake effect is further reduced, the noise is reduced, the flatness of the fracture surface of the vertical shaft is ensured, and the construction period is shortened.
(3) According to the invention, each blast hole is subjected to fine layered charging design according to the position of the blast hole, so that the using amount of explosive is reduced, the unit consumption is 0.8-1 kg, and compared with the traditional blasting mode, the unit consumption is reduced by about 0.1kg.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a blast hole pattern of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a vertical sectional view of the shaft of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a single Kong Zhayao structure with a well depth of 29 m in the present invention.
Reference numerals illustrate:
1-first zone, 101-first blast group, 102-second blast group, 103-cut hole, 2-second zone, 201-third blast group, 3-third zone, 4-pilot hole, 5-first section, 6-second section, 7-third section, 8-fourth section, 9-fifth section, 10-sixth section, 11-seventh section, 12-eighth section, 13-first stratification, 14-second stratification, 15-third stratification, 16-fourth stratification, 17-fifth stratification, 18-sixth stratification.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly described below with reference to the accompanying drawings, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are not all embodiments of the present invention, and all other embodiments obtained by a person skilled in the art without making any inventive effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.
It should be noted that, the positional or positional relationship indicated by the terms such as "center", "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "vertical", "lateral", "longitudinal", etc. are based on the positional or positional relationship shown in the drawings, are merely for convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the apparatus or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be configured and operated in a specific orientation, and thus should not be construed as limiting the present invention.
Interpretation of custom words
Transverse direction: herein, the lateral direction means the horizontal direction in fig. 1 as the lateral direction according to the orientation in fig. 1;
longitudinal direction: in this context, longitudinal refers to the orientation according to fig. 1, the vertical direction in fig. 1 being longitudinal;
vertical: in this context, vertical refers to a direction perpendicular to the ground.
The invention provides a quick well forming method of a rock vertical shaft, which is applied to the well forming of the vertical shaft of rock geology, wherein the rock is medium firm rock, and the rock firmness coefficient is 3-4; cross-sectional area greater than 200m 2 In a shaft with a well depth of more than 25 meters.
The invention provides a method for quickly forming a rock vertical shaft, which comprises the following steps:
s1, reinforcing tunnels of an upper section and a lower section of a vertical shaft;
s2, drilling construction of a pilot hole 4, wherein the pilot hole 4 is drilled to the top of a tunnel at the bottom, and the pilot hole 4 is communicated with the tunnel;
s3, dividing a construction area of the vertical shaft into a plurality of areas, and starting drilling blast holes around the pilot hole 4 until the blast holes are expanded to the whole vertical shaft area; explosive and soil are filled in the explosion holes to be exploded;
s4, conveying out blasting slag falling into the bottom tunnel.
Because the crossing position of the shaft construction position and the bottom tunnel is already primarily supported, the reinforcing support is needed, and the specific method for reinforcing in the step S1 is as follows: and steel arches are adopted for reinforcing and supporting in the range of 10 meters at the upper and lower sides of the vertical shaft respectively, I16I-steel is adopted for the steel arches, the arch spacing is 1m, and the safety of the excavated tunnels at the upper and lower sides of the vertical shaft is ensured.
After the bottom tunnel is reinforced, a punching pile machine is adopted to form a pilot hole 4, the position of the pilot hole 4 is selected on one side of a road, the drilling diameter is 1.5m, the bottom tunnel is drilled to the top of the excavated tunnel, and the pilot hole 4 is communicated with the tunnel.
After the pilot hole is drilled, the area is divided, as shown in fig. 1, because the area of the vertical shaft is larger, the vertical shaft in the application example is 20m long, 11m wide and 220m 2 In order to avoid larger noise and stronger earthquake effect during blasting, the construction area of the vertical shaft is divided into three areas which are arranged in a linear array, and the length directions of the three areas are overlapped with the length direction of the cross section of the vertical shaft; the three regions are a first region 1, a second region 2 and a third region 3, and the pilot hole 4 is positioned in the first region 1.
Deep hole blasting is adopted in the first area 1, the second area 2 and the third area 3; the peripheries of the first area 1, the second area 2 and the third area 3 are all subjected to presplitting blasting.
In order to reduce disturbance of blasting operation to stratum as much as possible in drilling and blasting excavation, blasting earthquake effect is strictly controlled, safety of surrounding buildings is ensured, vibration damage of primary supports in holes is prevented, the requirement of designing flatness of excavation outline is met, and a micro-vibration smooth blasting construction technology is adopted. The outer contour line of blasting excavation is amplified by 5cm, and the millisecond delay detonating mode is adopted to strictly control the detonating explosive quantity of the same section. For shaft construction in application examples, the maximum explosive amount of the same-section detonating agent is limited to 8kg, and the interval time of millisecond delay is 30ms.
When the blasting is excavated, the first area 1 is excavated, the direct deep hole blasting is excavated to the bottom, the second area 2 is excavated, the third area 3 is excavated, and the direct deep hole blasting is excavated to the bottom. Each region is divided into a plurality of sections, as shown in fig. 2, specifically: the first area 1 is longitudinally divided into 2 sections, namely a first section 5 and a second section 6 from bottom to top; the second area 2 is longitudinally divided into 3 sections, namely a third section 7, a fourth section 8 and a fifth section 9 from bottom to top; the third area 3 is longitudinally divided into 3 sections, namely a sixth section 10, a seventh section 11 and an eighth section 12 from bottom to top; the sequence of blasting is that the first area: a first section 5, a second section 6; second region: a third section 7, a fourth section 8 and a fifth section 9; third region: sixth section 10, seventh section 11, eighth section 12.
According to the size of a vertical shaft excavation section, rock firmness is moderate, a blasting hole adopts a mode of vertically drilling until reaching the bottom, four cut holes 103 are arranged around a pilot hole 4 at the periphery of the pilot hole, the cut holes 103 are in a single group, two cut holes 103 are arranged at the upper side of the pilot hole 4, and the distance between the two cut holes 103 is 0.8m; two cut holes 103 are arranged on the lower side of the pilot hole 4, and the space is 0.8m; other blastholes are arranged in the first area 1 in a transverse diffusion manner by the cut holes 103 around the pilot hole 4, and the other blastholes comprise a first blastgroup 101 and a second blastgroup 102; the first explosive group 101 and the second explosive group 102 are arranged in an array at intervals along the length direction of the first area 1, and the distance between the first explosive group 101 and the second explosive group 102 is 0.8m.
Wherein, the first blasting group 101 comprises three blastholes, and the three blastholes are longitudinally arranged at intervals, and the interval is 0.8m. The second blast group 102 includes three blastholes arranged at intervals longitudinally with a pitch of 1m.
The blasting sequence of the blastholes in the first area 1 is as follows: the pilot hole peripheral cut hole and other blasting holes of the first area array are segmented from the same cross section from bottom to top and divided into two sections for detonation, namely a first section and a second section, wherein the first section is blasted firstly, in the first section, the cut hole 103 is blasted firstly, then the pilot hole 4 is used as a starting point, the blasting is sequentially blasted rightward until reaching the edge of a vertical shaft along the length direction of the first area 1, and then the blasting is sequentially blasted to the left side of the pilot hole 4. Then the second segment is blasted, firstly the cut hole 103 is blasted, then the pilot hole 4 is used as a starting point, the second segment is blasted to the right sequentially until reaching the edge of the shaft along the length direction of the first area 1, and then the second segment is blasted to the left side of the pilot hole 4 sequentially.
A third blasting group 201 is arranged in the second area 2, the third blasting group 201 is arranged in the second area 2 in an array manner, and blastholes of each row and blastholes of the adjacent row have certain dislocation in the longitudinal direction, and the dislocation distance is 0.25m; the third burst group 201 has a lateral spacing of 0.5m and a longitudinal spacing of 0.8m. Wherein, the third blasting group 201 comprises three blastholes which are transversely arranged at intervals, and the interval is 0.8m.
The periphery of the second area 2 (i.e. the edge of the vertical shaft in the second area) is provided with pre-cracking holes, the pre-cracking holes are blasted in a pre-cracking blasting mode, the pre-cracking holes are arranged in a row along the edge of the second area 2, the pre-cracking holes on each side form a group, and the spacing of the pre-cracking holes in each group is 0.5m.
The blasting sequence of the blastholes in the second area 2 is as follows: the peripheral pre-split holes are blasted first, and then blasted sequentially in units of blast groups, starting from the side near the first zone 1 and longitudinally outwards.
Further, the arrangement of the blastholes in the third zone 3 and the second zone 2 is symmetrical with respect to the first zone 1, and the blasting order is also symmetrical.
The diameter of the blast hole is 120mm, and holes are formed by adopting a crawler-type hydraulic down-the-hole drill. The blasting holes adopt a layered charging mode, and are specifically: the hole depth of the blast hole is L, the blast hole is vertically divided into a plurality of layers, and the first layer and the second layer … … Nth layer are arranged from bottom to top; wherein, the layering height of each layer is:
wherein L is the hole depth of the blast hole, D is the diameter of the blast hole, D is the minimum distance between the center of the blast hole and the edge of the vertical shaft, f is the firmness coefficient of the vertical shaft rock, C is the experience coefficient, and the value of C is selected according to the depth of each layer; the larger the depth of each layer is, the smaller the value of C is, and the value of C is gradually increased and then decreased along with the rising of the filling height of the explosive in a single blast hole.
The explosive filled in the blasting holes is emulsion explosive, the artificial wooden gun stick or bamboo stick is used for filling, the filling height of the emulsion explosive in the nth layer is 2m, and the filling heights of the emulsion explosive in the other layers are 2.5m. The layering height of each layer minus the filling height of the emulsion explosive is the resistance line height.
In the second area 2 and the third area 3, the shaft depth is deeper, taking an application example as an example, the deepest hole is 29 m, the minimum distance from the center of the blasthole to the edge of the shaft is 5m, the blasthole is vertically divided into 6 layers, specific parameters of each layer are shown in a table I, the height of the first layer 13 is 3.5m, the resisting line is 1m, the second layer 14, the third layer 15, the fourth layer 16 and the fifth layer 17 are all 5m, the resisting line is 2.5m, the sixth layer 18 is 4.5m, the resisting line is 2.5m, and the soil packing with the thickness of 1m is arranged above the sixth layer 18; the resist lines in each layer are filled with clay.
Single hole charge parameter at 29 m deep well
The shallowest hole depth is a blast hole at the top of the tunnel, the hole depth is 22.5 meters, the minimum distance from the center of the blast hole to the edge of the vertical shaft is 8 meters, the blast hole is divided into 5 layers, specific parameters of each layer are shown in a table II, the height of the first layer is 4m, the resisting line is 1.5m, the second layer and the third layer are 5m, the resisting line is 2.5m, the fourth layer is 4.5m, the resisting line is 2m, the fifth layer is 3m, the resisting line is 1m, and soil filling with thickness of 1m is arranged above the fifth layer; the resist lines in each layer are filled with clay.
Single hole charging parameter at 22.5 m deep of surface two well
Before blasting, the tail-end work such as track dismantling and spraying and mixing is carried out on a TBM hole section at the downstream of the vertical shaft, so as to strengthen ventilation in the tunnel, and ventilation holes are driven into the ground of the downstream section of a construction area of the vertical shaft, wherein the diameter of each ventilation hole is 150mm, and the ventilation holes are drilled into the tunnel to be communicated with the bottom. PVC pipes are buried in the vent holes to ensure ventilation of the downstream of the vertical well.
After blasting is completed, the blasted slag directly falls into the excavated tunnel from the pilot hole and the subsequent blasting surface, and is transported out by adopting a slag-earth vehicle.
Application example of the present invention:
construction of a vertical shaft for treating dry north in Guangxi cinnamon, wherein the net size of the plane of the vertical shaft is 20m long, 11m wide, the well depth is about 29 m, and the stratum of the vertical shaft is mainly limestone. The method is influenced by factors such as optimization, land feature, migration and change of the tunnel scheme of the original mountain-combining section 4.2kmTBM (tunnel boring machine), and the position of the TBM disassembly vertical shaft is changed for a plurality of times. After the shaft position is finally determined, the site transfer time is later, and when the site is transferred, the TBM is ready to start the air-push stepping. According to the progress of the conventional daily stepping of the open TBM by about 50m, the stepping can be performed in a free way to reach the position of the TBM shaft in about 30 days, so that the construction period of the shaft needs to be shortened from 2-3 months of the original plan to 1 month. By adopting the shaft forming method, the construction period is greatly shortened, and the disassembly of the TBM is smoothly completed.
The above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solution of the present invention and not for limiting the same, and although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to examples, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that modifications and equivalents may be made thereto without departing from the scope of the technical solution of the present invention, which is intended to be covered by the claims of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. A method for rapid well formation in a rock shaft, comprising:
s1, reinforcing tunnels of an upper section and a lower section of a vertical shaft;
s2, drilling a pilot hole, drilling the pilot hole to the top of the tunnel at the bottom, and communicating the pilot hole with the tunnel;
s3, dividing a construction area of the vertical shaft into a plurality of areas, and starting drilling blast holes around the prior guide hole until the blast holes are expanded to the whole vertical shaft area; explosive and soil are filled in the explosion holes to be exploded;
s4, conveying blasting slag materials falling into the bottom tunnel;
the cross of the vertical shaftA cross-sectional area of greater than 200m 2 ；
In the step S3, the construction area of the vertical shaft is divided into three areas which are arranged in a linear array, and the length directions of the three areas are overlapped with the length direction of the cross section of the vertical shaft; the three areas are a first area, a second area and a third area, and the pilot hole is positioned in the first area;
deep hole blasting is adopted in the first area, the second area and the third area; the periphery of the vertical shaft is subjected to pre-splitting blasting;
the first area is longitudinally divided into 2 sections, namely a first section and a second section from bottom to top; the second area is longitudinally divided into 3 sections, namely a third section, a fourth section and a fifth section from bottom to top; the third area is longitudinally divided into 3 sections, namely a sixth section, a seventh section and an eighth section from bottom to top; the sequence of blasting is as follows: a first section, a second section, a third section, a fourth section, a fifth section, a sixth section, a seventh section and an eighth section;
the periphery of the pilot hole is provided with a plurality of cut holes around the pilot hole, and the cut holes are formed into a single group; arranging other blastholes in the first area in a transverse diffusion manner by using cut holes at the periphery of the pilot hole, wherein the other blastholes comprise a first blastgroup and a second blastgroup; the first blasting groups and the second blasting groups are arranged in an array at intervals along the length direction of the first area;
the blasting sequence of the blastholes in the first area is as follows: the peripheral cut holes of the pilot hole and other blasting holes of the first area array are segmented into two sections from bottom to top, namely a first section and a second section, the first section is blasted firstly, in the first section, the cut holes are blasted firstly, then the pilot hole is used as a starting point, the right side of the first area is blasted firstly to the edge of a vertical shaft in sequence along the length direction of the first area, and then the left side of the pilot hole is blasted in sequence; then blasting a second section, namely blasting the cut hole, then sequentially blasting rightward along the length direction of the first area by taking the pilot hole as a starting point until reaching the edge of the vertical shaft, and sequentially blasting to the left side of the pilot hole;
a third blasting group is arranged in the second area, the third blasting group is arranged in the second area in an array manner, and the blastholes of each row and the blastholes of the adjacent rows have certain dislocation in the longitudinal direction;
the blasting sequence of the blastholes in the second area is as follows: the peripheral pre-cracking holes are blasted firstly, and then the longitudinal direction is outwards from one side close to the first area, and blasting is sequentially performed by taking blasting groups as units.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the first burst is spaced from the second burst by a distance of 0.8m.
3. The method of claim 2, wherein the first blast group comprises three blastholes longitudinally spaced apart by 0.8m; the second blasting group comprises three blasting holes which are longitudinally arranged at intervals, and the distance between the three blasting holes is 1m.
4. A method of rapid rock shaft formation according to claim 1, wherein the third blasting groups have a lateral spacing of 0.5m and a longitudinal spacing of 0.8m.
5. The method of rapid rock shaft formation according to claim 4, wherein the third blast group comprises three blastholes, the three blastholes being laterally spaced apart at a spacing of 0.8m.
6. The method for rapid rock shaft formation according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the blastholes are charged in layers, specifically: the hole depth of the blast hole is L, the blast hole is vertically divided into a plurality of layers, and the first layer and the second layer … … Nth layer are arranged from bottom to top; wherein, the layering height of each layer is:
wherein L is the hole depth of the blast hole, D is the diameter of the blast hole, D is the minimum distance between the center of the blast hole and the edge of the vertical shaft, f is the firmness coefficient of the vertical shaft rock, C is the experience coefficient, and the value of C is selected according to the depth of each layer.
7. The method for rapid prototyping of a rock shaft according to claim 6, wherein the explosive filled in the blast holes is emulsion explosive, the filling height of the emulsion explosive in the nth layer is 2m, and the filling height of the emulsion explosive in the remaining layers is 2.5m.
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| JP2614396B2 (en) * | 1993-04-09 | 1997-05-28 | 鹿島建設株式会社 | Shaft excavation method by pre-boring |
| CN107084648B (en) * | 2017-04-24 | 2019-06-21 | 哈密新智源水利水电工程建设监理有限公司 | It is a kind of to use pilot hole guide-localization and Smooth Blasting Construction method |
| CN107905792A (en) * | 2017-11-27 | 2018-04-13 | 新疆北方建设集团有限公司 | A kind of embedded shaft excavation construction technology |
| CN111594174A (en) * | 2020-05-08 | 2020-08-28 | 中电建十一局工程有限公司 | Full-section one-time pore-forming segmented blasting vertical shaft excavation method |
| CN112412467B (en) * | 2020-12-03 | 2022-08-30 | 中铁十二局集团有限公司 | Construction method of ventilation vertical shaft (200-600 m) with extra-long highway tunnel by' well reversing method |
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