CN115057735A - Nitrogen-preserving and phosphorus-fixing composting method and equipment - Google Patents
Nitrogen-preserving and phosphorus-fixing composting method and equipment Download PDFInfo
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- CN115057735A CN115057735A CN202210689538.2A CN202210689538A CN115057735A CN 115057735 A CN115057735 A CN 115057735A CN 202210689538 A CN202210689538 A CN 202210689538A CN 115057735 A CN115057735 A CN 115057735A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
- C05F17/90—Apparatus therefor
- C05F17/964—Constructional parts, e.g. floors, covers or doors
- C05F17/971—Constructional parts, e.g. floors, covers or doors for feeding or discharging materials to be treated; for feeding or discharging other material
- C05F17/979—Constructional parts, e.g. floors, covers or doors for feeding or discharging materials to be treated; for feeding or discharging other material the other material being gaseous
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B7/00—Fertilisers based essentially on alkali or ammonium orthophosphates
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
- C05F17/90—Apparatus therefor
- C05F17/964—Constructional parts, e.g. floors, covers or doors
Abstract
The invention relates to the field of environmental protection, in particular to a nitrogen-protecting and phosphorus-fixing composting method and equipment. The equipment adopted by the composting method adopts an aerobic composting bin, which comprises the following steps: the tank body, the stirring paddle and the stirring shaft are arranged; the stirring shaft is arranged along the axis of the tank body, and the stirring shaft and the stirring paddle are hollow and communicated with each other; aeration holes are uniformly distributed on the stirring paddle; the stirring paddle comprises an inner layer and an outer layer, aeration holes are uniformly distributed on the inner layer and the outer layer, and the aeration holes can be closed in a controllable manner. The composting method comprises the following steps: uniformly mixing the compost materials, and adjusting the carbon-nitrogen ratio and the water content of the compost materials; adding forsterite into the compost material and uniformly mixing; fermenting in an aerobic composting bin and simultaneously ventilating intermittently; discharging the compost after the compost materials are completely decomposed. The composting method has excellent nitrogen and phosphorus preservation and fixation effects. The equipment of the invention can realize air supply through the aeration holes, and reduces the operation cost compared with the power consumption generated by continuous pressurization to realize uniform air supply.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of environmental protection, in particular to a nitrogen-protecting and phosphorus-fixing composting method and equipment.
Background
With the continuous promotion of household garbage classification, the resource utilization of the tail end of the classified waste is improvedThe level becomes the key point of the work in all places. For rural areas, aerobic composting of organic wastes with a large proportion draws wide attention due to the advantages of low construction investment, low operation cost, no secondary pollution and the like. However, in the traditional composting process, nitrogen and phosphorus elements are greatly lost due to insufficient or uneven gas supply, the product fertilizer efficiency is poor, the resource level is insufficient, and nitrogen is used as greenhouse gas N 2 The form of O is lost, and secondary pollution is formed.
The existing research mainly focuses on how to reduce the loss of nitrogen, and the main means are as follows: firstly, the aerobic environment is ensured and the loss of nitrogen is reduced by adjusting the ventilation quantity and the ventilation mode of the compost; adding a conditioner, an adsorbent, a fixing agent and the like to adsorb or inhibit the volatilization of ammonia so as to preserve nitrogen, or adding a chemical reagent containing metal cations as an inhibitor to control the pH value in the composting process so as to reduce the volatilization of ammonia nitrogen; little research has been done on how to reduce phosphorus loss while preserving nitrogen during the application of compost products. Nitrogen phosphorus conservation is usually performed by adding magnesium or phosphorus salt chemicals, but greenhouse gases (N) are not considered 2 O).
Before, Jeong and the like and Ellipt and the like keep nitrogen and phosphorus elements in a form of magnesium ammonium phosphate coprecipitation by adding a mixed reagent of magnesium salt and phosphate; studies of Yangyu and the like show that mixed crystals of magnesium phosphate and magnesium ammonium phosphate can be generated in the pig manure composting process by adding a proper amount of magnesium salt. Magnesium ammonium phosphate can effectively control the release of phosphorus as a slow release fertilizer, and the conventional research adopts a mode of directly adding chemical reagents, so that the hidden danger that negative ions are introduced to influence the composting process is generated; in addition, the method of adding a chemical agent is economically disadvantageous in terms of popularization and application. Therefore, from the viewpoints of reducing environmental pollution and realizing the utilization of organic solid wastes as resources, the search for alternative materials of chemical reagents and the search for a more uniform and sufficient gas supply mode are feasible ways for solving the problems.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides a composting method and equipment for protecting nitrogen and fixing phosphorus.
The invention provides a composting method for nitrogen preservation and phosphorus fixation, wherein the equipment adopted by the composting method adopts an aerobic composting bin, which comprises the following steps: the tank body, the stirring paddle and the stirring shaft are arranged; the stirring shaft is arranged along the axis of the tank body, and the stirring shaft and the stirring paddle are hollow and communicated with each other; a plurality of stirring paddles are vertically arranged on the stirring shaft by taking the stirring shaft as an axis, and aeration holes are uniformly distributed on the stirring paddles;
the stirring paddle comprises an inner layer and an outer layer, and aeration holes are uniformly distributed on the inner layer and the outer layer; when the aeration holes of the inner layer are aligned with the aeration holes of the outer layer, the stirring paddle is communicated with the gas in the tank body; when the aeration holes of the inner layer are staggered with the aeration holes of the outer layer, the stirring paddle is not communicated with the gas in the tank body;
the composting method at least comprises the following steps:
s1, mixing the compost materials uniformly, and adjusting the carbon-nitrogen ratio of the compost materials to 18: 1-22: 1. the water content is 50-60%;
s2, adding forsterite into the uniformly mixed compost materials, and uniformly mixing;
s3, fermenting in the aerobic composting bin, and simultaneously carrying out intermittent ventilation, wherein the ventilation is carried out once every 25-35 min, the ventilation is carried out for 8-12 min every time, and the ventilation amount is 0.05-2 m 3 Air/(m) 3 Heap h);
s4, discharging the compost after the compost materials are completely decomposed.
Optionally, the compost materials comprise fruit and vegetable garbage, straw branches and livestock and poultry manure, and the fruit and vegetable garbage comprises garden tailstocks and rotten fruits and vegetables.
Optionally, the composition of the compost material is: 15-20% of branches and/or straws, 50-55% of fruit and vegetable garbage and 25-35% of livestock and poultry manure;
preferably: 15-20 percent of fruit and vegetable garbage, 50-55 percent of livestock and poultry manure and 30 percent of livestock and poultry manure.
Optionally, the non-tree-branch compost materials are crushed to the particle size of 0.5-1.5 cm, and the tree-branch compost materials are crushed to the particle size of 2-5 mm.
Optionally, the particle size of the forsterite is 0.5-1.5 cm, the mole number of the added amount of the forsterite is 15-25% of the total nitrogen mole number of the compost material, and the preferred amount is 20%; more preferably, forsterite is factory waste material.
Optionally, in step S3, during the fermentation process, the temperature in the tank body gradually rises, and when the temperature rises to 44-45 ℃, preferably 45 ℃, the continuous turning is performed, in which the stirring shaft drives the stirring paddle to continuously rotate, so as to turn the compost material; preferably, the rotating speed is 5-10 circles/min;
when the temperature of the compost materials is higher than 50 ℃, carrying out intermittent turning, wherein the intermittent turning is that a stirring shaft rotates intermittently, and turning the compost materials; preferably, turning the pile once every 48 hours, wherein each time is 1-2 minutes, and the rotating speed is 5-10 circles/min;
the temperature in the tank body is gradually reduced, the temperature of the compost materials is less than 50 ℃, and the turning is stopped;
when the temperature of the compost materials is reduced to 40 ℃, the compost is turned over once again.
Optionally, the diameter of the aeration hole is 4-6 mm, preferably 5 mm; the area of the opening on the stirring paddle accounts for 40-50% of the surface area of the stirring paddle, and preferably 45%.
The invention provides composting equipment which comprises an aerobic composting bin,
it includes: the stirring shaft is arranged along the axis of the tank body, the stirring shaft and the stirring paddles are of a hollow structure, the stirring shafts are vertically arranged on the stirring shaft by taking the stirring shaft as the axis, and aeration holes are uniformly distributed on the stirring paddles; the stirring paddle comprises an inner layer and an outer layer, and aeration holes are uniformly distributed on the inner layer and the outer layer; when the aeration holes of the inner layer are aligned with the aeration holes of the outer layer, the stirring paddle is communicated with the gas in the tank body; when the aeration holes of the inner layer are staggered with the aeration holes of the outer layer, the stirring paddle is not communicated with the gas in the tank body.
Optionally, a supporting part and a discharging spiral impeller are arranged at the bottom of the tank body; the top of the tank body is provided with a feeding access hole, an exhaust port and an oxygen content monitor; the top of the exhaust port is provided with a plasma deodorizer;
preferably, the discharging spiral impeller is connected with a discharging speed reducing motor;
more preferably, a stirring speed reducing motor connected with the stirring shaft is arranged outside the tank body.
Optionally, the diameter of the aeration hole is 4-6 mm, preferably 5 mm; the area of the opening on the stirring paddle accounts for 40-50% of the surface area of the stirring paddle, and preferably 45%.
Compared with the prior art, the technical scheme provided by the embodiment of the disclosure has the following advantages:
the nitrogen and phosphorus preserving composting method has excellent nitrogen and phosphorus preserving effect. The method of the invention adopts forsterite rich in magnesium ions to replace pure chemical agent metal salt as a magnesium source in the compost, and nitrogen and phosphorus elements in the composting process are reserved in a struvite precipitation mode. The retention of nitrogen and phosphorus elements greatly improves the value of waste compost products, the formed struvite has the effects of water retention and fertilizer retention, and the existence of the struvite improves the added value of the fertilizer products. Has more outstanding competitive power compared with the traditional waste compost products.
The stirring device in the equipment can realize air supply through the opening, the equipment has simple structure and convenient popularization and application, and compared with the power consumption generated by continuously pressurizing to realize uniform air supply, the operation cost can be greatly reduced.
In the preferred technical scheme, the forsterite can adopt industrial waste, thereby not only achieving the purpose of nitrogen preservation and phosphorus fixation, but also realizing the reutilization of the waste. The cost of the compost is greatly reduced, and the cost of adding the industrial waste forsterite is much lower than that of adding a pure metal salt chemical agent.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments consistent with the present disclosure and together with the description, serve to explain the principles of the disclosure.
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments or technical solutions in the prior art of the present disclosure, the drawings used in the embodiments or technical solutions in the prior art description will be briefly described below, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art that other drawings can be obtained according to these drawings without inventive labor.
FIG. 1 is a sectional view of an aerobic composting bin according to an embodiment of the present invention taken along the length of the tank;
FIG. 2 is a sectional view of the aerobic composting bin of the embodiment of the present invention taken along the width direction of the tank;
FIG. 3 is a comparison graph of the main nutritional indicators of the compost product of example 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a graph comparing the contents of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the compost product of example 1 of the present invention;
wherein:
1-1, 1-2-feeding inspection hole;
2-an oxygen content monitor;
3-a plasma deodorizer;
4-an exhaust port;
5-stirring speed reducing motor
6-discharging speed reducing motor;
7-1, 7-2-support members;
8-tank body;
9-discharging spiral impeller;
10-stirring paddle;
11-aeration holes;
12-stirring shaft.
Detailed Description
In order that the above objects, features and advantages of the present disclosure may be more clearly understood, aspects of the present disclosure will be further described below. It should be noted that the embodiments and features of the embodiments of the present disclosure may be combined with each other without conflict.
In the following description, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the present disclosure, but the present disclosure may be practiced in other ways than those described herein; it is to be understood that the embodiments disclosed in the specification are only a few embodiments of the present disclosure, and not all embodiments.
The embodiment of the invention provides a composting method for protecting nitrogen and fixing phosphorus, which particularly adopts an aerobic composting bin shown in figures 1 and 2. Wherein, fig. 1 is a sectional view along the length direction of the can body, and fig. 2 is a sectional view along the width direction of the can body. The aerobic composting bin comprises: the tank body 8, the stirring paddle 10 and the stirring shaft 12; the stirring shaft 12 is arranged along the axis of the tank body 8, and the stirring shaft 12 and the stirring paddle 10 are hollow and communicated with each other; a plurality of stirring paddles 10 are vertically arranged on the stirring shaft 12 by taking the stirring shaft 12 as an axis, and aeration holes 11 are uniformly distributed on the stirring paddles 10; the stirring paddle 10 comprises an inner layer and an outer layer, and aeration holes 11 are uniformly distributed on the inner layer and the outer layer.
When the aeration holes of the inner layer are aligned with the aeration holes of the outer layer, the stirring paddle is communicated with the gas in the tank body; when the aeration holes of the inner layer are staggered with the aeration holes of the outer layer, the stirring paddle is not communicated with the gas in the tank body; aeration is controlled by a Programmable Logic Controller (PLC). The relative rotation of the inner layer and the outer layer in the stirring paddle is also controlled by the PLC. The stirring shaft and the stirring paddle can be both made of double-layer 304 stainless steel. In order to increase the pile turning efficiency, the length of the stirring paddle is 75-95% of the radius of the tank body.
The composting method at least comprises the following steps:
s1, uniformly mixing the compost materials, and adjusting the carbon-nitrogen ratio of the compost materials to 18: 1-22: 1. the water content is 50-60%;
s2, adding forsterite into the uniformly mixed compost materials, and uniformly mixing;
s3, fermenting in the aerobic composting bin, and simultaneously carrying out intermittent ventilation, wherein the ventilation is carried out once every 25-35 min, the ventilation is carried out for 8-12 min every time, and the ventilation amount is 0.05-2 m 3 Air/(m) 3 Heap h);
s4, discharging the compost after the compost materials are completely decomposed.
The stirring paddle in the embodiment of the invention is solid and durable, and the interior of the stirring paddle is hollow and is matched with the aeration holes to ensure that oxygen is uniformly conveyed to each part of the material. The stirring, the fan and the aeration holes are simultaneously opened and closed, and the aeration holes staggered inside and outside can also effectively prevent blockage. Aeration is controlled by a PLC, pressurized air enters each stirring rod from a central control cavity of the stirring shaft, and then is introduced into each part of the composting bin through aeration holes in the stirring rods, so that uniform air supply is realized. Therefore, the pile turning and air supply functions of deep and uniform and sufficient supply can be integrated, and compared with the power consumption generated by continuous pressurization for uniform air supply, the operation cost is greatly reduced.
The forsterite used in the examples of the present invention is a refractory material containing magnesium oxide and silicon dioxide as main components. The theoretical chemical formula is 2 MgO. SiO 2 Or Mg 2 SiO 4 It is a high-temperature resistant mineral in the magnesium refractory material. Because the forsterite is strong in alkali-resistant slag, the forsterite is frequently used as a refractory material in industry and has wide application. As a result, a large amount of industrial waste material is generated. The method of the embodiment of the invention can adopt the industrial waste forsterite, not only achieves the purpose of nitrogen preservation and phosphorus fixation, but also realizes the waste.
The ventilation mode in the embodiment of the invention adopts intermittent ventilation, ventilation is carried out once every 25-35 min, each ventilation is carried out for 8-12 min, and ventilation is carried out once every 30min more preferably, and each ventilation is carried out for 10 min. Due to the arrangement mode of the stirring paddle and the stirring shaft in the embodiment of the invention, the contact area of air and materials is increased during ventilation. The ventilation in the embodiments of the invention is therefore more efficient than conventional compost ventilation, for example bottom-up ventilation, and therefore the ventilation intervals are longer. The technical advantages brought thereby are: the equipment does not need to be frequently started and closed, so that the energy is saved, and the loss of the equipment is small. The ventilation quantity in the embodiment of the invention is 0.05-2 m 3 Air/(m) 3 Heap · h), the unit of ventilation represents: the air volume of the pile per cubic meter per hour is 0.05-2 cubic meters. More preferably 0.08m 3 Air/(m) 3 Heap h). Compared with the conventional compost ventilation mode, the embodiment of the invention can meet the requirement of aerobic compost fermentation by adopting smaller ventilation quantity, thereby saving more energy.
As a preferred embodiment of the composting method of the embodiment of the invention, the composting materials comprise garden tailstocks, rotten fruits and vegetables, straw branches and livestock manure. The fruit and vegetable garbage comprises garden tails and rotten fruits and vegetables. In vegetable and fruit planting bases and vegetable fine processing factories, the amount of garden tails and rotten fruits and vegetables is large. The fruit and vegetable garbage is characterized by large water content and low nitrogen content. Therefore, the compost material disclosed by the embodiment of the invention adopts fruit and vegetable garbage as a raw material, so that the problem of effective utilization of the fruit and vegetable garbage is solved, and the compost material can be used as a carbon source and is easier to crush compared with branches and straws. Further preferably, in order to utilize the fruit and vegetable waste to a greater extent, the compost material comprises the following components: 15-20% of branches and/or straws, 50-55% of fruit and vegetable garbage and 25-35% of livestock and poultry manure. The composition of the compost material is preferably: 5-20%, fruit and vegetable garbage 50-55%, and livestock and poultry manure 30%. So that the carbon-nitrogen ratio will be adjusted to 18: 1-22: 1. preferably 20: 1, the water content is adjusted to 50-60%, and the nutrient environment for the growth of microorganisms is ensured.
As a preferred implementation mode of the composting method in the embodiment of the invention, in order to ensure the fermentation effect, non-dendritic composting materials are crushed to the particle size of 0.5-1.5 cm, wherein the non-dendritic composting materials comprise fruit and vegetable garbage, livestock and poultry manure and straws; the composting materials of the branches are crushed to 2-5 mm, and the composting materials of the branches are branches.
As a preferable implementation mode of the composting method in the embodiment of the invention, in order to ensure the effect of nitrogen and phosphorus conservation, the forsterite is crushed to the particle size of 0.5-1.5 cm, which is more beneficial to the release of magnesium element in the forsterite.
As a preferable implementation mode of the composting method in the embodiment of the invention, the mole number of the added forsterite is 15-25%, preferably 20% of the total mole number of nitrogen in the composting material. If the addition amount is not enough, the effect of nitrogen and phosphorus conservation is difficult to ensure, and if the addition amount is too large, on one hand, the raw materials are wasted, and on the other hand, the pressure of a stirring system is increased.
As a preferred implementation manner of the composting method in the embodiment of the invention, the composting method is further improved and optimized in the embodiment of the invention, and the composting process is divided into two stages, namely a temperature rise period, a high-temperature composting period (the temperature rise period and the high-temperature composting period are about 21 days generally) and a post-maturity period (about 21 days generally).
The method specifically comprises the following steps:
in the fermentation process of the step S3, the temperature in the tank body is gradually increased, and in the temperature rising period, when the temperature is increased to 44-45 ℃, preferably 45 ℃, continuous pile turning is carried out, wherein in the continuous pile turning, a stirring shaft drives a stirring paddle to continuously rotate, so that compost materials are turned; preferably, the rotating speed is 5-10 circles/min;
in the high-temperature composting period, when the temperature of the composting materials is higher than 50 ℃, intermittently turning the compost, wherein the intermittent turning is that a stirring shaft intermittently rotates to turn the composting materials; preferably, turning the pile once every 48 hours, wherein each time is 1-2 minutes, preferably 1 minute, and the rotating speed is 5-10 circles/min;
in the post-rotten stage, the temperature in the tank body is gradually reduced, the temperature of the compost materials is less than 50 ℃, and turning is stopped; and when the temperature of the compost materials is reduced to 40 ℃, turning the compost once again for 1-2 minutes, preferably 1 minute, and rotating at the speed of 5-10 circles/min.
The pile turning method provided by the embodiment of the invention can not only improve the efficiency, but also save the energy.
As a preferable implementation mode of the composting method in the embodiment of the invention, the diameter of the aeration hole is 4-6 mm, and preferably 5 mm. The higher the risk of blockage if the diameter of the aeration hole is too large; if the diameter of the aeration hole is too small, the processing difficulty is higher; the area of the opening on the stirring paddle accounts for 40-50% of the surface area of the stirring paddle, and preferably 45%. If the area of the opening is too large, the strength of the stirring system is affected, and faults are easy to occur; if the opening area is too small, the aeration effect is affected.
The second aspect of the embodiment of the invention also provides composting equipment adopted by the nitrogen-retaining and phosphorus-fixing composting method, and the structural schematic diagram of the composting equipment is shown in figure 1 and figure 2. Wherein, fig. 1 is a sectional view along the length direction of the can body, and fig. 2 is a sectional view along the width direction of the can body. The composting apparatus comprises an aerobic composting bin comprising: the stirring device comprises a tank body 8, stirring paddles 10 and a stirring shaft 12, wherein the stirring shaft 12 is arranged along the axis of the tank body 8, the stirring shaft 12 and the stirring paddles 10 are of a hollow structure, a plurality of stirring paddles 10 are vertically arranged on the stirring shaft 12 by taking the stirring shaft 12 as the axis, and aeration holes 11 are uniformly distributed on the stirring paddles 10; the stirring paddle 10 comprises an inner layer and an outer layer, and aeration holes 11 are uniformly distributed on the inner layer and the outer layer; when the aeration holes 11 of the inner layer are aligned with the aeration holes of the outer layer, the stirring paddle 10 is communicated with the gas in the tank body 8; when the aeration holes 11 of the inner layer are staggered with the aeration holes 11 of the outer layer, the stirring paddle 10 is not communicated with the air in the tank body 8. The bottom of the tank body 8 is provided with two supporting parts 7-1 and 7-2 and a discharging spiral impeller 9. The discharging spiral impeller 9 is connected with a discharging speed reducing motor 6; the top is provided with two feeding access holes 1-1 and 1-2, an exhaust port 4 and an oxygen content monitor 2; the top of the exhaust port is provided with a plasma deodorizer 3; and a stirring speed reducing motor 5 connected with a stirring shaft 12 is arranged outside the tank body 8.
As a preferable implementation mode of the composting method in the embodiment of the invention, the diameter of the aeration hole 11 is 4-6 mm, preferably 5 mm. The higher the risk of blockage if the diameter of the aeration hole is too large; if the diameter of the aeration hole is too small, the processing difficulty is higher. The area of the opening on the stirring paddle accounts for 40-50% of the surface area of the stirring paddle, and preferably 45%. If the area of the opening hole is too large, the strength of a stirring system is affected, and faults are easy to occur; if the opening area is too small, the aeration effect is affected.
The following describes embodiments of the present invention in detail with reference to examples.
Example 1
A composting method and equipment for waste ore reutilization for nitrogen protection and phosphorus fixation, which is 1t/d in a certain rural area of Shaanxi province
The rural organic waste composting project is taken as an example,
the method comprises the following steps:
crushing agricultural wastes to be treated (branches are crushed into 2-5 mm saw powder, and the rest are crushed into about 1 cm) according to the following weight ratio: 20% of branch straws, 50% of fruit and vegetable garbage and 30% of livestock and poultry manure; uniformly mixing and adjusting the carbon-nitrogen ratio to 20: 1 or so;
secondly, the compost materials are transferred to an aerobic composting bin, and the structural schematic diagram of the aerobic composting bin is shown in figures 1 and 2. Adding waste forsterite, crushing to the particle size of 1cm, wherein the adding amount is 20% of the total nitrogen (mol) of the compost material, and adjusting the water content to 50% -60%;
thirdly, the compost materials are automatically heated for composting treatment: circulating intermittent ventilation, ventilating once every 30min, each time ventilating for 10min, and ventilation rate of 0.08m 3 Air/(m) 3 H) composting temperature is raised to 45 ℃, the composting is turned over once every 48 hours when the composting temperature is higher than 50 ℃, and the temperature of the composting is lowered againTurning over once again at 40 ℃ until the compost body is completely decomposed and discharging, thus finishing the composting of the organic solid waste.
The composting period of the embodiment is 18 days, and the composting product is thoroughly decomposed and uniform.
Composting is carried out by adopting the same batch of raw materials and adopting a traditional waste composting method, wherein the traditional waste composting method comprises the following specific conditions:
the test result shows that the temperature of the compost is rapidly increased to over 50 ℃ and maintained for 7 days in the composting process of the embodiment. The discharged material is brown, the granules are loose, no odor exists, obvious humus smell exists, mosquitoes and flies are not attracted, white or gray mold appears on the surface after the discharged material is placed for two days, the volume is reduced by 35%, the apparent index reaches grade 1, the Germination Index (GI) of the corydalis sativum seeds reaches over 90%, and the main nutritional indexes are all higher than the organic fertilizer standard (NY525-2021) of the Ministry of agriculture, as shown in figure 3.
The contents of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the fertilizer were analyzed by the method described in organic fertilizer Standard (NY 525-2021). Compared with the traditional waste compost, the content of nitrogen and phosphorus elements in the compost product of the embodiment is obviously improved, and the main nutritional indexes are higher than the organic fertilizer standard (NY525-2021) of Ministry of agriculture, as shown in fig. 4.
Example 2
The same batch of material was composted according to the method and apparatus of example 1, except that: the composition of the compost material is as follows: 30% of branches and/or straws, 55% of fruit and vegetable garbage and 15% of livestock and poultry manure.
The using effect is as follows: the branch straw proportion increases, and the crushing degree in earlier stage is big on the one hand, and on the other hand cellulose lignin is difficult to degrade thoroughly decomposed, increases the compost cycle, and product nitrogen phosphorus potassium content is difficult to guarantee.
Example 3
The same batch of material was composted according to the method and apparatus of example 1, except that: the composition of the compost material is as follows: 10% of branches and/or straws, 60% of fruit and vegetable garbage and 30% of livestock and poultry manure.
The using effect is as follows: the moisture content of the fruit and vegetable garbage is high, the moisture content of the compost at the initial stage is too high due to too large proportion, and the compost is difficult to heat due to the high moisture content, so that the composting effect is influenced.
Example 4
The same batch of material was composted according to the method and apparatus of example 1, except that: ventilating once every 20min, ventilating for 6min every time, wherein the ventilation rate is 0.05-2 m3 air/(m 3 stack & h);
the using effect is as follows: to modified ventilation system, further strengthen the ventilation and do not have the promotion effect to aerobic fermentation and product nitrogen phosphorus content, and high-frequency ventilation except increasing the energy consumption, can take away the heat, leads to the compost process to heat up the difficulty, is difficult to reach the high temperature maturity stage, influences the compost effect.
Example 5
The same batch of material was composted according to the method and apparatus of example 1, except that: the diameter of the aeration hole is 7 mm; the open area was 55%.
The using effect is as follows: the opening area is too large, the blockage is easy, and the use stability is insufficient; and the strengthening ventilation effect is poor, and the content of nitrogen and phosphorus elements is reduced.
Example 6
The same batch of material was composted according to the method and apparatus of example 1, except that:
in step S3, the pile is continuously turned, and the stirring shaft drives the stirring paddle to continuously rotate.
The using effect is as follows: frequent turning does not significantly improve the composting effect, greatly increases the energy consumption and shortens the service life of the stirring system.
The foregoing are merely exemplary embodiments of the present invention, which enable those skilled in the art to understand or practice the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other embodiments without departing from the scope of the invention. Thus, the present invention is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.
Claims (10)
1. A composting method for nitrogen preservation and phosphorus fixation, which is characterized in that,
the equipment adopted by the composting method adopts an aerobic composting bin, which comprises the following steps: the tank body, the stirring paddle and the stirring shaft are arranged; the stirring shaft is arranged along the axis of the tank body, and the stirring shaft and the stirring paddle are hollow and communicated with each other; the stirring paddles are vertically arranged on the stirring shaft by taking the stirring shaft as an axis, and aeration holes are uniformly distributed on the stirring paddles;
the stirring paddle comprises an inner layer and an outer layer, and aeration holes are uniformly distributed on the inner layer and the outer layer; when the aeration holes of the inner layer are aligned with the aeration holes of the outer layer, the stirring paddle is communicated with the gas in the tank body; when the aeration holes of the inner layer are staggered with the aeration holes of the outer layer, the gas in the tank body is not communicated with the stirring paddle;
the composting method comprises at least the following steps:
s1, uniformly mixing the compost materials, and adjusting the carbon-nitrogen ratio of the compost materials to 18: 1-22: 1. the water content is 50-60%;
s2, adding forsterite into the uniformly mixed compost materials, and uniformly mixing;
s3, fermenting in the aerobic composting bin, and simultaneously carrying out intermittent ventilation, wherein the ventilation is carried out once every 25-35 min, the ventilation is carried out for 8-12 min every time, and the ventilation amount is 0.05-2 m 3 Air/(m) 3 Heap h);
and S4, discharging the compost after the compost materials are completely decomposed.
2. A composting method as claimed in claim 1 wherein the composting material includes fruit and vegetable waste, including garden tails and rotten fruits and vegetables, straw branches and livestock manure.
3. A composting method as claimed in claim 2, characterised in that the composition of the composting material is: 15-20% of branches and/or straws, 50-55% of fruit and vegetable garbage and 25-35% of livestock and poultry manure;
preferably, the following components are used: 15-20 percent of fruit and vegetable garbage, 50-55 percent of livestock and poultry manure and 30 percent of livestock and poultry manure.
4. A composting method as claimed in claim 2 or 3, characterised in that the non-dendritic compost material is crushed to a particle size of 0.5 to 1.5cm and the dendritic compost material is crushed to 2 to 5 mm.
5. A composting method as claimed in claim 1 wherein the forsterite has a particle size of 0.5-1.5 cm and the amount of forsterite added is 15-25%, preferably 20%, by mole of the total nitrogen in the compost material; more preferably, the forsterite is factory waste material.
6. A composting method as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step S3, during the fermentation process, the temperature in the tank body gradually rises, and when the temperature rises to 44-45 ℃, preferably 45 ℃, the continuous turning is carried out, wherein the stirring shaft drives the stirring paddle to rotate continuously, so as to turn the composting materials; preferably, the rotating speed is 5-10 circles/min;
when the temperature of the compost materials is higher than 50 ℃, performing intermittent turning, wherein the intermittent turning is performed by the intermittent rotation of the stirring shaft, and turning the compost materials; preferably, turning the pile once every 48 hours, wherein each time is 1-2 minutes, and the rotating speed is 5-10 circles/min;
the temperature in the tank body is gradually reduced, the temperature of the compost materials is less than 50 ℃, and the turning is stopped;
and when the temperature of the compost materials is reduced to 40 ℃, turning the compost once again.
7. A composting method as claimed in claim 1, characterised in that the aeration holes have a diameter of 4-6 mm, preferably 5 mm; the area of the opening on the stirring paddle accounts for 40-50% of the surface area of the stirring paddle, and preferably 45%.
8. A composting device is characterized in that the composting device comprises an aerobic composting bin,
it includes: the stirring shaft is arranged along the axis of the tank body, the stirring shaft and the stirring paddles are of hollow structures, the stirring paddles are vertically arranged on the stirring shaft by taking the stirring shaft as the axis, and aeration holes are uniformly distributed on the stirring paddles; the stirring paddle comprises an inner layer and an outer layer, and aeration holes are uniformly distributed on the inner layer and the outer layer; when the aeration holes of the inner layer are aligned with the aeration holes of the outer layer, the stirring paddle is communicated with the gas in the tank body; when the aeration holes of the inner layer are staggered with the aeration holes of the outer layer, the gas in the stirring paddle and the tank body is not communicated.
9. Composting apparatus as claimed in claim 8, characterized in that the bottom of the tank is provided with support elements and discharge screw impellers; the top is provided with a feeding access hole, an exhaust port and an oxygen content monitor; the top of the exhaust port is provided with a plasma deodorizer;
preferably, the discharging spiral impeller is connected with a discharging speed reducing motor;
more preferably, a stirring speed reducing motor connected with the stirring shaft is arranged outside the tank body.
10. A composting device as claimed in claim 1, characterised in that the diameter of the aeration holes is 4-6 mm, preferably 5 mm; the area of the opening on the stirring paddle accounts for 40-50% of the surface area of the stirring paddle, and preferably 45%.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202210689538.2A CN115057735A (en) | 2022-06-16 | 2022-06-16 | Nitrogen-preserving and phosphorus-fixing composting method and equipment |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202210689538.2A CN115057735A (en) | 2022-06-16 | 2022-06-16 | Nitrogen-preserving and phosphorus-fixing composting method and equipment |
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| CN202210689538.2A Pending CN115057735A (en) | 2022-06-16 | 2022-06-16 | Nitrogen-preserving and phosphorus-fixing composting method and equipment |
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Citations (4)
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| CN102757271A (en) * | 2011-04-29 | 2012-10-31 | 中国科学院生态环境研究中心 | Forced-aeration composting system and method for synchronously storing nitrogen and phosphorous in livestock manure compost and reducing emission of greenhouse gas N2O |
| CN103964904A (en) * | 2014-05-21 | 2014-08-06 | 重庆交通大学 | Composting device having aeration hole stirring bars and utilizing pressurized aeration mode |
| CN106242650A (en) * | 2016-07-19 | 2016-12-21 | 金发科技股份有限公司 | A kind of rubbish from cooking high-efficiency aerobic composting process |
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| CN102757271A (en) * | 2011-04-29 | 2012-10-31 | 中国科学院生态环境研究中心 | Forced-aeration composting system and method for synchronously storing nitrogen and phosphorous in livestock manure compost and reducing emission of greenhouse gas N2O |
| CN103964904A (en) * | 2014-05-21 | 2014-08-06 | 重庆交通大学 | Composting device having aeration hole stirring bars and utilizing pressurized aeration mode |
| CN106242650A (en) * | 2016-07-19 | 2016-12-21 | 金发科技股份有限公司 | A kind of rubbish from cooking high-efficiency aerobic composting process |
| CN112851416A (en) * | 2021-03-25 | 2021-05-28 | 深高蓝德环保科技集团股份有限公司 | Horizontal organic garbage aerobic composting device and method |
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