CN115050531A - 铁氧体烧结磁体、及铁氧体烧结磁体的制造方法 - Google Patents

铁氧体烧结磁体、及铁氧体烧结磁体的制造方法 Download PDF

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CN115050531A
CN115050531A CN202210223307.2A CN202210223307A CN115050531A CN 115050531 A CN115050531 A CN 115050531A CN 202210223307 A CN202210223307 A CN 202210223307A CN 115050531 A CN115050531 A CN 115050531A
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ferrite
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sintered magnet
transition metal
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神谷圭祐
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TDK Corp
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Abstract

铁氧体磁体具备六方晶型铁氧体主相和第二相。第二相为氧化物相,其含有:元素A,其是选自Ca、Sr、Ba、Bi及稀土元素中的至少一种;过渡金属元素T,其至少含有Fe;及元素G,其是选自Si、Al、B、F、K、Na、Li、P、及S中的至少一种。在将第二相的元素A、过渡金属元素T及元素G的总原子数设为100at%时,元素A占30~80at%,元素G占15~40at%,过渡金属元素T占低于4at%。

Description

铁氧体烧结磁体、及铁氧体烧结磁体的制造方法
技术领域
本申请涉及铁氧体烧结磁体及其制造方法。
背景技术
作为用于铁氧体烧结磁体的磁性材料,已知有磁铅石型(M型)铁氧体等各种六方晶型铁氧体(例如参照专利文献1~3)。
[现有技术文献]
专利文献
专利文献1:日本专利第4591684号
专利文献2:日本特开2005-45167号
专利文献3:日本专利第6769482号
发明内容
在现有的六方晶型铁氧体烧结磁体中,尝试了添加Si的氧化物等来提高残留磁通密度Br和矫顽力HcJ双方的技术。
但是,例如在含有La的铁氧体烧结磁体中,难以充分地提高特性。
本发明是鉴于上述技术问题而研发的,其目的在于,提供能够提高残留磁通密度和矫顽力双方的新的铁氧体烧结磁体及其制造方法。
本发明的一方面提供一种烧结磁体,其具备六方晶型铁氧体主相和第二相,其中,
所述第二相为氧化物相,其含有:
元素A,其是选自Ca、Sr、Ba、Bi及稀土元素中的至少一种;
过渡金属元素T,其至少含有Fe;及
元素G,其是选自Si、Al、B、F、K、Na、Li、P及S中的至少一种,
在将所述第二相的元素A、过渡金属元素T及元素G的总原子数设为100at%时,
元素A占30~80at%,
元素G占15~40at%,
过渡金属元素T占低于4at%。
在此,所述烧结磁体可以含有0.05~10质量%的所述第二相。
另外,所述第二相可以含有以La4.67[SiO4]3O相为原型的磷灰石化合物。
所述六方晶型铁氧体可以为磁铅石型铁氧体。
本发明的一方面提供一种烧结磁体的制造方法,其包括:
煅烧原料粉体而得到煅烧体的工序;
粉碎所述煅烧体而得到六方晶型铁氧体粉体的工序;
向所述铁氧体粉体添加追加粉体而得到混合粉体的工序;
将所述混合粉体成形而得到成形体的工序;及
烧成所述成形体的工序,
其中,
所述追加粉体至少含有元素A和元素G,元素A是选自Ca、Sr、Ba、Bi及稀土元素中的至少一种,元素G是选自Si、Al、B、F、K、Na、Li、P及S中的至少一种,
所述追加粉体也可以含有过渡金属元素T,
在将所述追加粉体中的元素A、过渡金属元素T及元素G的总原子数设为100at%时,
元素A占30~80at%,
元素G占15~40at%,
过渡金属元素T占低于4at%。
在所述方法中,所述追加粉体的添加量可以超过0.05质量%且8.0质量%以下。
在所述方法中,所述追加粉体可以含有以La4.67[SiO4]3O相为原型的磷灰石化合物。
在所述方法中,所述六方晶型铁氧体可以是磁铅石型铁氧体。
根据本发明提供一种能够提高残留磁通密度和矫顽力双方的铁氧体烧结磁体及其制造方法。
附图说明
图1是铁氧体烧结磁体的截面示意图。
具体实施方式
以下,详细地说明本发明的几个实施方式。
(烧结磁体)
图1是本发明的实施方式的铁氧体烧结磁体100的截面示意图。本发明的实施方式的铁氧体烧结磁体100具有六方晶型铁氧体主相(晶粒)4和存在于六方晶型铁氧体主相(晶粒)4之间的第二相6。在六方晶型铁氧体主相4之间还可以存在晶界相7。
(六方晶型铁氧体主相)
六方晶型铁氧体是具有六方晶型结晶结构的铁氧体。这种铁氧体的例子是磁铅石型(M型)铁氧体、W型铁氧体、X型铁氧体、Y型铁氧体、Z型铁氧体。其中,六方晶型铁氧体优选为M型铁氧体。
六方晶型铁氧体为含有元素A1、元素A2及过渡金属元素T的氧化物,其中,元素A1是选自Ca、Sr、Ba中的至少一种,元素A2是选自稀土元素及Bi中的至少一种,过渡金属元素T至少含有Fe。
稀土元素的例子为钇(Y)、钪(Sc)、镧(La)、铈(Ce)、镨(Pr)、钕(Nd)、钷(Pm)、钐(Sm)、铕(Eu)、钆(Gd)、铽(Tb)、镝(Dy)、钬(Ho)、铒(Er)、铥(Tm)、镱(Yb)及镥(Lu)。
Fe以外的过渡金属元素T的例子为Co、Zn、Ti、V、Cr、Mn、Ni、Cu。
元素A1优选至少含有Ca,在含有Ca的情况下,元素A1也可以进一步含有Sr及/或Ba。
元素A2优选至少含有La。
元素T优选除了含有Fe以外,还含有Co。
在六方晶型铁氧体主相中,在将元素A1及元素A2的合计原子数设为1时,可以将元素T的原子数设为8~13,优选设为10~13。
在将元素T的总原子数设为100at%时,可以将Fe的原子比例设为90~100at%,优选设为96~100at%。另外,优选将Co的原子比例设为0~5at%。
在六方晶型铁氧体主相中,在将元素A1及元素A2的合计原子数设为1时,元素A2的原子数的比例可以为0.1~1.0,优选为0.4~1.0。
在六方晶型铁氧体主相中,在将元素A1及元素A2的合计原子数设为1时,La的原子数的比例优选为0.4以上。
在六方晶型铁氧体主相中,在将元素A1的合计原子数设为1时,Ca的原子数的比例优选设为0.1以上。
M型铁氧体可以由以下的式(III)表示。
MX12O19(III)
元素A1、元素A2的一部分能够进入M位点。元素T及元素A2的一部分能够进入X位点。
此外,上式(III)中的M(A位点)及X(B位点)的比率及氧(O)的比率实际上呈现稍微偏离上述范围的值,因此,也可以从上述的数值偏离10%程度。
在本说明书中,“主相”是指铁氧体烧结磁体中质量比例最多的晶相。
相对于烧结磁体的整体,六方晶型铁氧体主相可以为70质量%以上,可以为80质量%以上,可以为90质量%以上,可以为95质量%以上。六方晶型铁氧体主相的质量比率能够通过X射线衍射测定等而求出。
铁氧体烧结磁体中的六方晶型铁氧体主相(晶粒)的平均粒径例如可以为5μm以下,也可以为4.0μm以下,也可以为0.5~3.0μm。通过具有这种平均粒径,能够进一步提高矫顽力。铁氧体主相(晶粒)的平均粒径能够采用TEM或SEM的截面的观察图像求得。具体而言,通过图像解析求得包含数百个铁氧体主相(晶粒)的SEM或TEM的截面中的各六方晶型铁氧体主相的截面面积,然后将具有该截面面积的圆的直径(圆当量直径)定义为该截面中的该主相颗粒的粒径,并测定粒径分布。根据所测定的个数基准的粒径分布,计算六方晶型铁氧体主相(晶粒)的粒径的个数基准的平均值。将这样测定的平均值设为六方晶型铁氧体主相的平均粒径。
(第二相)
第二相6为含有元素A、过渡金属元素T及元素G的氧化物相,其中,元素A是选自Ca、Sr、Ba、Bi及稀土元素(包括Y)中的至少一种,过渡金属元素T至少含有Fe,元素G是选自Si、Al、B、F、K、Na、Li、P及S中的至少一种。
在将元素A、过渡金属元素T及元素G的合计原子数设为100at%时,第二相中,元素A占30~80at%,元素G占15~40at%,过渡金属元素T占低于4at%。在将元素A、过渡金属元素T及元素G的合计原子数设为100at%时,第二相中的元素A和元素G的合计原子数可以为80at%以上,可以为90at%以上,可以为95at%以上。
在其它例子中,第二相6为含有元素A、过渡金属元素T及Si的氧化物相,其中,元素A是选自Ca、Sr、Ba、Bi及稀土元素(包括Y)中的至少一种,过渡金属元素T至少含有Fe。
在该情况下,在将全部金属元素及全部半金属元素的合计原子数设为100at%时,第二相中,元素A可以占30~80at%,Si占10~40at%(也可以为15at%以上),过渡金属元素T占低于4at%。在将全部金属元素及全部半金属元素的合计原子数设为100at%时,第二相中,元素A和Si的合计原子数可以为80at%以上,可以为90at%以上,可以为95at%以上。
元素A可以含有:选自Ca、Sr、Ba中的至少一种元素;和选自Bi及稀土元素中的至少一种元素。元素A可以含有:选自Ca、Sr、Ba中的至少一种和La。元素A可以含有Ca及La。
在将全部金属元素及半金属元素的合计原子数设为100at%时,或者,在将元素A、过渡金属元素T及元素G的合计原子数设为100at%时,第二相中的选自Ca、Sr、Ba中的至少一种元素的总比例可以为0~80at%,特别是,可以将Ca的比例设为5~50at%。
在将全部金属元素及半金属元素的合计原子数设为100at%时,或者,将元素A、过渡金属元素T及元素G的合计原子数设为100at%时,第二相中的选自Bi及稀土元素中的至少一种元素的总比例可以为30~80at%,特别是,可以将La的比例设为10~65at%。
在将元素A、过渡金属元素T及元素G的合计原子数设为100at%时,第二相中的元素G的原子比例为15~40at%,优选为18~40at%,还优选为20~40at%。在该情况下,在将元素A、过渡金属元素T及元素G的合计原子数设为100at%时,第二相中的Si的原子比例可以为5at%以上,也可以为10at%以上,也可以为15at%以上,也可以为18at%以上,也可以为20at%以上,也可以为25at%以上,也可以为30at%以上。
在将全部金属元素及半金属元素的合计原子数设为100at%时,第二相中的Si的原子比例也可以为10~40at%,也可以为15~40at%,还优选为18~40at%,还优选为20~40at%。
在将全部金属元素及半金属元素的合计原子数设为100at%时,或者,将元素A、过渡金属元素T及元素G的合计原子数设为100at%时,第二相中的Fe的原子比例可以为4at%以下,可以为3at%以下。
在将全部金属元素及半金属元素的合计原子数设为100at%时,或者,将元素A、过渡金属元素T及元素G的合计原子数设为100at%时,第二相中的Co的原子比例可以为4at%以下,Zn的原子比例可以为4at%以下。
相对于烧结磁体整体,第二相可以为0.05~10质量%。
第二相可以含有以La4.67[SiO4]3O相为原型的磷灰石化合物。将该结构称为氧磷灰石结构。例如,在将上述结构记载为Q4.67[EO4]3O的情况下,Q可以为元素A,E为含有Si的元素G及过渡金属元素T。该化合物也可以具有P63/m结构。
第二相除了含有氧磷灰石结构的化合物以外,也可以含有具有Pnma结构的化合物。将该Pnma结构称为正铁氧体结构。
第二相也可以为氧磷灰石结构的化合物及正铁氧体结构的化合物的混合物。
第二相中的氧磷灰石结构的化合物相对于正铁氧体结构的化合物的质量比可以为3以上,可以为4以上,可以为5以上。该质量比的上限可以为40以下、30以下、25以下、20以下。关于该质量比,能够在使用了CuKα射线的XRD测定中根据各结构的最大峰值比求得。
通过第二相的XRD及TEM中的电子束衍射,能够确认第二相的至少一部分具有氧磷灰石结构。第二相的结晶结构及组成能够分别通过XRD、STEM-EDX进行确认。
对于铁氧体烧结磁体的形状没有特别限定,例如,可以是以端面成为圆弧状地弯曲的圆弧段形状(C型)形状、平板形状等各种形状。
铁氧体烧结磁体的在20℃下的矫顽力例如可以为300kA/m以上。铁氧体烧结磁体的在20℃下的残留磁通密度Br可以为400mT以上。本实施方式的铁氧体烧结磁体能够在矫顽力(HcJ)和残留磁通密度(Br)双方面都优异。
关于铁氧体烧结磁体的六方晶型铁氧体主相及第二相的金属及半金属元素的质量比率,能够通过STEM-EDX荧光X射线分析进行测定。
(铁氧体烧结磁体的制造方法)
接着,说明实施方式的铁氧体烧结磁体的制造方法的一例。以下说明的制造方法包含调配工序、煅烧工序、粉碎工序、追加粉体混合工序、成形工序及烧成工序。下面,说明各工序的详细内容。
(调配工序)
调配工序为制备煅烧用的原料粉体的工序。煅烧用的原料粉体含有六方晶型铁氧体主相的构成元素。即,含有元素A1、元素A2、元素T。在调配工序中,优选利用磨碎机或球磨机等将含有各元素的粉体的混合物混合1~20小时程度,并且进行粉碎处理,从而得到原料粉体。
含有各元素的粉体的例子为各元素的单质、氧化物、氢氧化物、碳酸盐、硝酸盐、硅酸盐、有机金属化合物。一种粉体也可以含有两种以上的金属元素,一种粉体也可以实际上仅含有一种金属元素。
含有Ca的粉体的例子为CaCO3。含有Sr的粉体的例子为SrCO3。含有Ba的粉体的例子为BaCO3。含有La的粉体的例子为La2O3、La(OH)3。含有Fe的粉体的例子为Fe2O3。含有Co的粉体的例子为Co3O4
原料粉体中的各金属元素的比率能够根据上述的六方晶型铁氧体主相的组成而适当地设定。
对于原料粉体的平均粒径没有特别限定,例如为0.1~5.0μm。
优选为:在调配工序后,根据需要将原料粉体干燥,通过筛子除去粗粒。
(煅烧工序)
在煅烧工序中,煅烧调配工序中得到的原料粉体,得到煅烧体。煅烧优选在例如空气等氧化性气氛中进行。煅烧的温度例如可以为1100~1400℃,也可以为1100~1350℃。煅烧的时间例如可以为1分钟~10小时,也可以为1分钟~3小时。通过煅烧得到的煅烧体中的六方晶型铁氧体主相的比率例如可以为70质量%以上,也可以为75质量%以上。关于该六方晶型铁氧体主相的比率,能够按照与铁氧体烧结磁体中的六方晶型铁氧体主相的比率同样地求得。
(粉碎工序)
在粉碎工序中,粉碎通过煅烧工序而成为颗粒状或块状的煅烧体,得到铁氧体粉体。粉碎工序例如也可以分成粗粉碎工序和微粉碎工序这两个阶段的工序进行,其中,粗粉碎工序是以成为粗粉体的方式粉碎煅烧粉的工序,微粉碎工序是在粗粉碎工序之后进一步微细地进行粉碎的工序。
粗粉碎例如可以使用振动磨机等进行至煅烧体的平均粒径成为0.1~10.0μm为止。
在微粉碎中,对粗粉碎中得到的粗粉进一步利用湿式磨碎机、球磨机、喷磨机等进行粉碎。在微粉碎中,可以以所得到的颗粒的平均粒径成为例如0.08~5.0μm程度的方式进行粉碎。微粉的比表面积(例如通过BET法求得。)例如为7~12m2/g程度。适当的粉碎时间根据粉碎方法不同而各异,例如,在采用湿式磨碎机的情况下的粉碎时间为30分钟~10小时,在采用球磨机进行的湿式粉碎时的粉碎时间为10~50小时。对于所得到的粉体的比表面积,能够使用市售的BET比表面积测定装置(Mountech制,商品名:HM Model-1210)测定。
在微粉碎工序中,为了提高在烧成后得到的烧结体的磁取向度,例如也可以添加以通式Cn(OH)nHn+2表示的多元醇。通式中的n例如可以为4~100,也可以为4~30。作为多元醇,例如可举出山梨糖醇。另外,也可以并用两种以上的多元醇。另外,除了使用多元醇之外,也可以并用其它公知的分散剂。
在添加多元醇的情况下,其添加量相对于添加对象物(例如粗粉),例如可以为0.05~5.0质量%,也可以为0.1~3.0质量%。此外,微粉碎工序中添加的多元醇将会在后述的烧成工序中发生热分解而被除去。
(追加粉体添加工序)
接着,混合铁氧体粉体和追加粉体,得到混合粉体。
可以将追加粉体混合至粉碎工序中得到的粉碎后的铁氧体粉体中,优选为:向粉碎工序中的粉体添加追加粉体,在对煅烧体及追加粉体进行粉碎的同时进行铁氧体粉体和追加粉体的混合。
追加粉体至少含有:元素A,其是选自Ca、Sr、Ba、Bi及稀土元素(包括Y)中的至少一种;和元素G,其是选自Si、Al、B、F、K、Na、Li、P及S中的至少一种。追加粉体也可以含有过渡金属元素T。在将追加粉体中的元素A、过渡金属元素T及元素G的总原子数设为100at%时,元素A占30~80at%,元素G占15~40at%,过渡金属元素T占低于4at%。在将元素A、过渡金属元素T及元素G的合计原子数设为100at%时,追加粉体中元素A和元素G的合计原子数可以为80at%以上,可以为90at%以上,可以为95at%以上。
在其它的例子中,追加粉体至少含有:选自Ca、Sr、Ba、Bi及稀土元素(包含Y)中的至少一种的元素A;和Si。追加粉体也可以含有过渡金属元素T。在将追加粉体中的金属元素及半金属元素的总原子数设为100at%时,元素A占30~80at%,Si占10~40at%(也可以为15at%以上),过渡金属元素T占低于4at%。在将全部金属元素及全部半金属元素的合计原子数设为100at%时,追加粉体中元素A和Si的合计原子数可以为80at%以上,可以为90at%以上,可以为95at%以上。
元素A可以含有:选自Ca、Sr、Ba中的至少一种元素;和选自Bi及稀土元素中的至少一种元素。元素A可以含有选自Ca、Sr、Ba中的至少一种和La。元素A可以含有Ca及La。
在将全部金属元素及半金属元素的合计原子数设为100at%时,或者,将元素A、过渡金属元素T及元素G的合计原子数设为100at%时,上述追加粉体中的选自Ca、Sr、Ba中的至少一种元素的总比例可以为0~80at%,特别是,可以将Ca的比例设为5~50at%。
在将全部金属元素及半金属元素的合计原子数设为100at%时,或者,将元素A、过渡金属元素T及元素G的合计原子数设为100at%时,上述追加粉体中的选自Bi及稀土元素中的至少一种元素的总比例可以为30~80at%,特别是,可以将La的比例设为10~65at%。
在将元素A、过渡金属元素T及元素G的合计原子数设为100at%时,上述追加粉体中的元素G的原子比例为15~40at%,优选为18~40at%,还优选为20~40at%。在该情况下,在将元素A、过渡金属元素T及元素G的合计原子数设为100at%时,上述追加粉体中的Si的原子比例可以为5at%以上,也可以为10at%以上,也可以为15at%以上,也可以为18at%以上,也可以为20at%以上,也可以为25at%以上,也可以为30at%以上。
在将全部金属元素及半金属元素的合计原子数设为100at%时,上述追加粉体中的Si的原子比例可以为10~40at%,也可以为15~40at%,还优选为18~40at%,还优选为20~40at%。
在将全部金属元素及半金属元素的合计原子数设为100at%时,或者,将元素A、过渡金属元素T及元素G的合计原子数设为100at%时,上述追加粉体中的Fe的原子浓度优选为4at%以下,优选为3at%以下。
就上述追加粉体而言,在将全部金属元素及半金属元素的合计原子数设为100at%时,或者,将元素A、过渡金属元素T及元素G的合计原子数设为100at%时,可以将Co的原子浓度设为0~4at%,可以将Zn的原子浓度设为0~4at%。
追加粉体可以为氧化物,也可以为碳酸盐等的盐。追加粉体也可以为各种化合物的混合物,例如,各种氧化物的混合物、各种盐的混合物、盐和氧化物的混合物。
氧化物的例子为以La4.67[SiO4]3O相为原型的氧磷灰石化合物。这种氧磷灰石的例子为La8Ca2[SiO2]6O2。另外,追加粉体可以为具有正铁氧体结构的化合物,也可以为它们的混合物。
盐的例子为CaCO3
追加粉体可以含有氧磷灰石结构的化合物50质量%以上,可以含有70质量%以上,可以含有90质量%以上。
相对于铁氧体粉体的质量100质量份,追加粉体的量优选为0.05质量%以上且低于8.0质量%。
在通过两个阶段进行煅烧体的粉碎的情况下,可以在粗粉碎工序之前或之后的任一时刻添加追加粉体,也可以将追加粉体分成两份并在粗粉碎之前及之后分别添加。
(成形工序)
在成形工序中,将追加粉体混合工序(例如粉碎工序)中得到的混合粉体在磁场中成形,从而得到成形体。成形也能够通过干式成形及湿式成形中的任一方法进行。从提高磁取向度的观点来看,优选通过湿式成形进行。
在通过湿式成形进行成形的情况下,例如,通过湿式方式进行上述的微粉碎工序而得到浆料,然后,将该浆料浓缩成规定的浓度,得到湿式成形用浆料。能够使用该湿式成形用浆料进行成形。浆料的浓缩能够通过离心分离或压滤机等进行。湿式成形用浆料中的铁氧体颗粒的含量例如为30~80质量%。在浆料中,作为分散铁氧体颗粒的分散介质,例如可举出水。也可以向浆料中添加葡萄糖酸、葡萄糖酸盐、山梨糖醇等表面活性剂。作为分散介质,也可以使用非水系溶剂。作为非水系溶剂,能够使用甲苯及二甲苯等有机溶剂。在该情况下,也可以添加油酸等表面活性剂。此外,湿式成形用浆料也可以通过向微粉碎后的干燥状态的铁氧体颗粒中添加分散介质等而制备。
在湿式成形中,接着,在磁场中对该湿式成形用浆料进行成形。在该情况下,成形压力例如为9.8~196MPa(0.1~2.0ton/cm2)。施加的磁场例如为398~1194kA/m(5~15kOe)。
(烧成工序)
在烧成(主烧成)工序中,对成形工序中得到的成形体进行烧成,得到铁氧体烧结磁体。成形体的烧成可以在大气等的氧化性气氛中进行。烧成温度例如可以为1050~1300℃,也可以为1080~1290℃。另外,烧成时间(保持成烧成温度的时间)例如为0.5~3小时。
在烧成工序中,也可以是:在到达至烧结温度之前,例如,从室温到100℃程度,以0.5℃/分钟程度的升温速度进行加热。由此,能够在进行烧结之前将成形体充分干燥。另外,能够将在成形工序中添加的表面活性剂充分地除去。此外,这些处理可以在开始烧成工序时进行,也可以在烧成工序之前额外地进行。
这样,能够制造上述的铁氧体烧结磁体。
另外,例如,成形工序及烧成工序也可以按照下述顺序进行。即,成形工序也可以通过CIM(Ceramic Injection Molding(陶瓷注射成形)法或PIM(Powder InjectionMolding,粉体注射成形的一种)进行。CIM成形法中,首先,将干燥的混合粉体与粘合剂树脂一起加热混炼,形成粒料。将该粒料在施加了磁场的模具内进行注射成形,得到预备成形体。通过对该预备成形体进行脱粘合剂处理,得到成形体。接着,在烧成工序中,将经过了脱粘合剂处理的成形体在例如大气中优选以1100~1300℃、更优选以1160~1290℃的温度烧结0.2~3小时程度,由此能够得到铁氧体烧结磁体。
[实施例]
参照实施例及比较例更详细地说明本发明的内容,但本发明不限定于下述的实施例。
(比较例1~4、6~8、实施例1~11、14~21)
作为原材料,准备碳酸钙(CaCO3)、碳酸钡(BaCO3)、碳酸锶(SrCO3)、氢氧化镧(La(OH)3)、氧化铁(Fe2O3)、氧化钴(Co3O4)的粉体。
将这些原材料粉体以金属原子比成为表1的M型铁氧体主相组成所示的金属组成的方式进行调配。使用湿式磨碎机及球磨机进行混合及粉碎,得到浆料(调配工序)。将该浆料干燥,除去粗粒后,在大气中以1280℃进行煅烧,得到煅烧粉(煅烧工序)。
表1
Figure BDA0003534573940000131
利用小棒振动磨机对得到的煅烧粉进行粗粉碎,得到粗粉。(粗粉碎工序)
准备表1的追加粉体。此外,氧磷灰石#1~#14的组成在表2中示出。
各氧磷灰石颗粒通过如下方法得到:即,以成为表2所示的金属组成的方式称重原料粉(碳酸钙(CaCO3)、碳酸钡(BaCO3)、碳酸锶(SrCO3)、氢氧化镧(La(OH)3)、氧化铁(Fe2O3)、氧化钴(Co3O4)、氧化锌(ZnO)、二氧化硅(SiO2)),使用玛瑙乳钵进行混合,在大气中烧成,然后使用球磨机进行微粉碎。烧成温度为1200℃。
相对于上述粗粉,以相对于粗粉的质量100%成为表1的组成的方式添加追加粉体后,利用湿式球磨机微粉碎混合粉体,得到包含铁氧体颗粒的浆料(粉碎及追加粉体混合工序)。
Figure BDA0003534573940000151
对在微粉碎后得到的浆料的水分量进行调节,得到湿式成形用浆料。使用湿式磁场成型机,在796kA/m(10kOe)的施加磁场中,对该湿式成形用浆料进行成形,得到具有直径30mm×厚度15mm的圆柱状的成形体(成形工序)。
在大气中,以室温对得到的成形体进行干燥,接着,在大气中,以1200℃进行烧成(烧成(本烧成)工序)。
这样,得到圆柱状的铁氧体烧结磁体。
(实施例12、13)
除了将M型铁氧体主相的组成以如表1所示方式变更以外,按照与实施例1同样的方法制造。
<磁特性的评价>
对铁氧体烧结磁体的上下表面进行加工后,使用最大施加磁场29kOe的B-H示踪器,分别测定20℃下的Br及HcJ。
<组成分析>
采用聚焦离子束法(FIB),利用铁氧体烧结磁体制作厚度100nm程度的薄片,通过扫描透射电子显微镜(STEM)对该薄片进行观察。使用附属于STEM的EDX,将金属及半金属原子整体中所占的包含Fe的过渡金属的组成为20at%以下的颗粒判定为第二相颗粒,对该第二相颗粒进行EDX点分析,得到第二相的组成。
另外,通过XRD确认到铁氧体主相为六方晶,并且,通过XRD对第二相的结晶结构及重量比例也进行了分析。
将各实施例及比较例的结果在表3~5中示出。
表3
Figure BDA0003534573940000171
Figure BDA0003534573940000181
表5
Figure BDA0003534573940000191
确认到:与不包含规定组成的第二相的比较例1相比,在包含规定组成的第二相的烧结磁体中,Br及Hcj均变大了。
[附图标记说明]
4六方晶型铁氧体主相;
6第二相。

Claims (8)

1.一种铁氧体烧结磁体,其特征在于,
具备六方晶型铁氧体主相和第二相,其中,
所述第二相为氧化物相,其含有:
元素A,其是选自Ca、Sr、Ba、Bi及稀土元素中的至少一种;
过渡金属元素T,其至少含有Fe;及
元素G,其是选自Si、Al、B、F、K、Na、Li、P及S中的至少一种,
在将所述第二相的元素A、过渡金属元素T及元素G的总原子数设为100at%时,
元素A占30~80at%,
元素G占15~40at%,
过渡金属元素T占低于4at%。
2.根据权利要求1所述的铁氧体烧结磁体,其特征在于,
含有0.05~10质量%的所述第二相。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的铁氧体烧结磁体,其特征在于,
所述第二相含有以La4.67[SiO4]3O相为原型的磷灰石化合物。
4.根据权利要求1~3中任一项所述的铁氧体烧结磁体,其特征在于,
所述六方晶型铁氧体为磁铅石型铁氧体。
5.一种铁氧体烧结磁体的制造方法,其特征在于,
包括:
煅烧原料粉体而得到煅烧体的工序;
粉碎所述煅烧体而得到六方晶型铁氧体粉体的工序;
向所述铁氧体粉体添加追加粉体而得到混合粉体的工序;
将所述混合粉体成形而得到成形体的工序;及
烧成所述成形体的工序,
其中,
所述追加粉体至少含有元素A和元素G,元素A是选自Ca、Sr、Ba、Bi及稀土元素中的至少一种,元素G是选自Si、Al、B、F、K、Na、Li、P及S中的至少一种,
在将所述追加粉体中的元素A、过渡金属元素及元素G的总原子数设为100at%时,
元素A占30~80at%,
元素G占15~40at%,
过渡金属元素占低于4at%。
6.根据权利要求5所述的方法,其特征在于,
所述追加粉体的添加量为0.05质量%以上且低于8.0质量%。
7.根据权利要求5或6所述的方法,其特征在于,
所述追加粉体含有以La4.67[SiO4]3O相为原型的磷灰石化合物。
8.根据权利要求5~7中的任一项所述的方法,其特征在于,
所述六方晶型铁氧体为磁铅石型铁氧体。
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