CN115045300A - Reconstruction method of mine ecological restoration soil system - Google Patents
Reconstruction method of mine ecological restoration soil system Download PDFInfo
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- CN115045300A CN115045300A CN202210453992.8A CN202210453992A CN115045300A CN 115045300 A CN115045300 A CN 115045300A CN 202210453992 A CN202210453992 A CN 202210453992A CN 115045300 A CN115045300 A CN 115045300A
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- side slope
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- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 171
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 27
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 229910001385 heavy metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 244000025254 Cannabis sativa Species 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000009331 sowing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 38
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 claims description 38
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 36
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 claims description 35
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 claims description 30
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims description 29
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 claims description 26
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000005067 remediation Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000011440 grout Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000003780 insertion Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000037431 insertion Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000007723 transport mechanism Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 9
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 8
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 description 4
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 3
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000010355 oscillation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010298 pulverizing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010079 rubber tapping Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002344 surface layer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 238000005065 mining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008635 plant growth Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D17/00—Excavations; Bordering of excavations; Making embankments
- E02D17/20—Securing of slopes or inclines
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G20/00—Cultivation of turf, lawn or the like; Apparatus or methods therefor
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09C—RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09C1/00—Reclamation of contaminated soil
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D3/00—Improving or preserving soil or rock, e.g. preserving permafrost soil
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D3/00—Improving or preserving soil or rock, e.g. preserving permafrost soil
- E02D3/12—Consolidating by placing solidifying or pore-filling substances in the soil
- E02D3/126—Consolidating by placing solidifying or pore-filling substances in the soil and mixing by rotating blades
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D5/00—Bulkheads, piles, or other structural elements specially adapted to foundation engineering
- E02D5/74—Means for anchoring structural elements or bulkheads
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02F—DREDGING; SOIL-SHIFTING
- E02F5/00—Dredgers or soil-shifting machines for special purposes
- E02F5/30—Auxiliary apparatus, e.g. for thawing, cracking, blowing-up, or other preparatory treatment of the soil
- E02F5/32—Rippers
- E02F5/323—Percussion-type rippers
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D2600/00—Miscellaneous
- E02D2600/30—Miscellaneous comprising anchoring details
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/20—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions in agriculture, e.g. CO2
Abstract
The invention provides a reconstruction method of a mine ecological restoration soil system, and relates to the technical field of mine soil restoration. The method comprises the following steps: step S1: treating the side slope and preventing the side slope from sliding; step S2: digging surface soil; step S3: crushing surface soil; step S4: adding a repairing liquid into surface soil, wherein the repairing liquid is used for reducing heavy metal pollution in the surface soil, and/or the repairing liquid is used for fertilizing the surface soil; step S5: watering the surface soil; step S6: sowing grass seeds and planting forest trees in different areas of the topsoil. When the mine ecology is restored and the soil system is reconstructed, the side slope which is easy to generate landslide is firstly treated to prevent the landslide of the side slope. After the topsoil is broken, the repairing liquid is added into the topsoil, so that heavy metal pollution in the topsoil can be reduced, and the topsoil can be fertilized by selecting the corresponding repairing liquid to reconstruct a soil system and protect soil resources.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of mine soil remediation, in particular to a reconstruction method of a mine ecological remediation soil system.
Background
The mining industry is the industry with the most serious land damage, and the concrete expression is that mine pits often exist in a mine field of a mine, heavy metal pollution in the land of the mine seriously exceeds the standard, and a slope phenomenon easily occurs on a side slope of the mine. After abandonment of a mine, it is necessary to restore the ecology of the damaged or degenerated land and to reconstruct the soil system thereof.
At present, when the mine ecology is restored and the soil system of the mine ecology is reconstructed, the side slope which is easy to generate landslide is not processed, and serious potential safety hazards exist.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the situation, the invention provides a reconstruction method of a mine ecological restoration soil system, which solves the technical problem that at present, when the mine ecological restoration soil system is reconstructed, the slope which is easy to generate landslide is not processed, and serious potential safety hazards exist.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
a reconstruction method of a mine ecological restoration soil system mainly comprises the following steps:
step S1: governing the side slope, preventing the side slope from sliding;
step S2: digging surface soil;
step S3: crushing surface soil;
step S4: adding a repairing liquid into surface soil, wherein the repairing liquid is used for reducing heavy metal pollution in the surface soil, and/or the repairing liquid is used for fertilizing the surface soil;
step S5: watering surface soil;
step S6: sowing grass seeds and planting forest trees in different areas of the topsoil.
In some embodiments of the present invention, in step S1, the slope management method for preventing slope slide includes the following steps:
step S11: drilling the self-drilling anchor rods into the side slope through a drilling machine, and uniformly distributing a plurality of self-drilling anchor rods on the side slope;
step S12: injecting grout between the self-drilling anchor rod and the gap of the slope to fix the self-drilling anchor rod;
step S13: transversely arranging a first stainless steel pipe on the side slope, and longitudinally arranging a second stainless steel pipe; the first stainless steel pipe and the second stainless steel pipe are fixed on the side slope through the self-drilling anchor rod; the first stainless steel pipe and the second stainless steel pipe jointly form a net structure, and the net structure is tightly attached to a side slope;
step S14: planting grass and trees on the side slope.
In some embodiments of the present invention, concrete is poured into the first stainless steel tube and the second stainless steel tube in step S13.
In some embodiments of the invention, in step S2, topsoil is planed using a reclamation device; the reclamation device comprises a driving vehicle, a lifting frame, a rotating roller and soil planing teeth;
the driving vehicle is provided with a driving wheel; the lifting frame is arranged at the lower part of the driving vehicle and can move longitudinally under the driving of the lifting cylinder;
the rotating roller is rotationally connected to the lifting frame; the soil planing teeth are arranged along the circumferential direction of the rotating roller at intervals.
In some embodiments of the invention, the reclamation apparatus further comprises a crushing mechanism and a transport mechanism disposed on a right side of the turning roller;
the crushing mechanism comprises a conveying belt, a movable plate, a pressing plate and a support plate; the transmission belt is arranged on the driving vehicle; the movable plate is positioned right above the conveying belt and can reciprocate up and down under the driving of the reciprocating assembly; the pressure plate is rotatably connected to the lower side of the movable plate; the support plate is positioned right below the pressing plate and is abutted against the inner side of the conveying belt;
the transmission mechanism comprises a first soil guide plate, a second soil guide plate and a driving cylinder which are obliquely arranged; the first soil guide plate is fixed on the driving vehicle, and the upper end of the first soil guide plate is positioned above the conveying belt; the second soil guide plate is connected to the left side of the first soil guide plate in a sliding manner; and one end of the driving cylinder is connected with the second soil guide plate, and the other end of the driving cylinder is connected with the first soil guide plate.
In some embodiments of the present invention, the reciprocating assembly comprises a driving motor, a first rotating shaft, a disc, a driving rod, a guide rod and a guide block;
the left end of the first rotating shaft is in transmission connection with the driving motor, the disc is installed at the right end of the first rotating shaft, and a first connecting column is fixed at the eccentric position of the right side of the disc;
the first end of the transmission rod is rotatably connected with the first connecting column;
the lower end of the guide rod is fixed on the movable plate, the upper end of the guide rod is inserted into the guide block, and the guide block is fixed on the driving vehicle; and a second connecting column is fixed on the guide rod, and the second end of the transmission rod is rotatably connected with the second connecting column.
In some embodiments of the present invention, a first rotating motor is mounted on the movable plate, and the first rotating motor is located at the left side of the pressure plate; the output shaft of the first rotating motor is connected with a first scraper, and the upper side of the first scraper is flush with the lower side of the pressing plate;
the right-hand member of transmission band is provided with the second scraper blade with inclining, the second scraper blade is fixed in drive car, the one end of second scraper blade with the transmission band looks butt.
In some embodiments of the invention, the reclamation apparatus further comprises a spray mechanism; the spraying mechanism comprises a filter plate, a surrounding plate, a spraying pipe, a stirring shaft and stirring teeth;
the filter plate is positioned below the conveying belt and fixed on the driving vehicle;
the coaming is connected to the upper side of the filter plate, and the filter plate, the coaming, the first scraper and the driving vehicle are encircled to form an accommodating space;
the spraying pipe is transversely arranged between the filter plate and the transmission belt, a plurality of spray heads are arranged on the spraying pipe, and the spraying pipe is sequentially connected with a water pump and a liquid storage tank;
the left end of the stirring shaft penetrates through the first scraper plate and is in transmission connection with the driving motor, and the right end of the stirring shaft is spliced with the surrounding plate;
the stirring teeth are L-shaped, and the stirring teeth are uniformly distributed on the stirring shaft.
In some embodiments of the present invention, the lower end of the enclosing plate is slidably connected to the filter plate, a fixing block is fixed on the filter plate, and a return spring is connected between the enclosing plate and the fixing block;
a connecting sleeve is arranged at the right end of the stirring shaft, and a plurality of shift levers are arranged at intervals along the circumferential direction of the connecting sleeve;
and a second rotating shaft is arranged at the right part of the filter plate, a cam is arranged on the second rotating shaft, and a driven block matched with the shifting rod for use is fixed on one side of the cam.
In some embodiments of the invention, a separation mechanism is arranged below the conveyor belt, and the separation mechanism comprises a separation barrel, a support shaft, a mounting frame, an outer cover, a guide bucket, a first discharge pipe and a second discharge pipe;
the supporting shaft is arranged on the driving vehicle through a mounting frame; the supporting shaft is hollow, and a discharge opening is formed in the right side of the upper part of the supporting shaft;
a guide plate is fixed in the support shaft, an insertion rod is inserted into the guide plate, a valve plate is fixed at the upper end of the insertion rod and is in sliding fit with the support shaft, and a pressure spring is connected between the valve plate and the guide plate;
the separation barrel is positioned in the outer cover, the center of the bottom of the separation barrel is communicated with the upper end of the supporting shaft, and a plurality of discharge holes are formed in the side surface of the separation barrel; the lower end of the supporting shaft is in transmission connection with a second rotating motor;
the guide hopper is arranged below the conveying belt, and the lower end of the guide hopper is positioned above the separation barrel;
one end of the first discharge pipe is connected to the bottom of the outer cover, and one end of the second discharge pipe is communicated with the discharge port;
the first discharge pipe is located on the left side of the second discharge pipe.
The embodiment of the invention at least has the following advantages or beneficial effects:
1. when the mine ecology is restored and a soil system of the mine ecology is reconstructed, firstly, a side slope which is easy to generate landslide is treated so as to prevent the side slope from generating landslide.
2. After the surface soil is planed loose, the sown grass seeds can germinate faster, and the root system of the planted forest can grow more easily.
3. After the topsoil is broken, the repairing liquid is added into the topsoil, so that heavy metal pollution in the topsoil can be reduced, and the topsoil can be fertilized by selecting the corresponding repairing liquid to reconstruct a soil system and protect soil resources.
Additional features and advantages of the invention will be set forth in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present application or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings needed to be used in the description of the embodiments are briefly introduced below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present application, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art that other drawings can be obtained according to these drawings without creative efforts.
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of a self-drilling anchor rod, a first stainless steel pipe, a second stainless steel pipe, a slope and a reclamation apparatus;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the reclamation apparatus;
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural view of the conveying mechanism, the crushing mechanism, the spraying mechanism and the separating mechanism;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the structure of the disc and the first squeegee;
FIG. 5 is a right side view of FIG. 4;
FIG. 6 is a schematic view of the cam, the connecting sleeve and the shift lever along the upper side in FIG. 3;
FIG. 7 is an enlarged view of a portion of the portion A of FIG. 6;
fig. 8 is a partially enlarged view of a portion B in fig. 3.
Icon:
1-side slope, 11-self-drilling anchor rod, 12-first stainless steel tube, 13-second stainless steel tube,
2-the surface layer of soil,
3-a reclamation device for preparing the fertilizer by using the fertilizer,
31-a driving vehicle, 311-a driving wheel,
321-lifting frame, 322-rotating roller, 323-soil planing tooth, 324-lifting cylinder,
33-a crushing mechanism, 331-a conveyor belt, 332-a movable plate, 333-a pressure plate, 334-a support plate, 335-a reciprocating component, 336-a connecting shaft, 337-a support rod, 337-a support ball, 338-a drive motor, 339-a first rotating shaft, 341-a disc, 342-a transmission rod, 343-a guide rod, 344-a guide block, 345-a first connecting column, 346-a second connecting column, 347-a first rotating motor, 348-a first scraper, 349-a second scraper,
35-transmission mechanism, 351-first soil guide plate, 352-second soil guide plate, 353-driving cylinder,
36-spraying mechanism, 361-filter plate, 362-coaming, 363-spraying pipe, 364-stirring shaft, 365-stirring tooth, 367-accommodating space, 368-spray head, 369-water pump, 371-liquid storage tank, 372-fixed block, 373-reset spring, 374-connecting sleeve, 375-deflector rod, 376-second rotating shaft, 377-cam, 378-driven block and 379-binding rod,
39-a separating mechanism, 391-a separating barrel, 392-a supporting shaft, 393-a mounting frame, 394-a housing, 395-a guide bucket, 396-a first discharging pipe, 397-a second discharging pipe, 398-a discharging port, 399-a guide plate, 401-an inserting rod, 402-a valve plate, 403-a pressure spring, 404-a discharging port, 405-a second rotating motor.
Detailed Description
In the following, only certain exemplary embodiments are briefly described. As those skilled in the art will recognize, the described embodiments may be modified in various different ways, all without departing from the spirit or scope of the embodiments of the invention. Accordingly, the drawings and description are to be regarded as illustrative in nature, and not as restrictive.
In the description of the embodiments of the present invention, it is to be understood that the terms "central," "longitudinal," "transverse," "length," "upper," "lower," "left," "right," "bottom," "inner," "outer," "counterclockwise," "circumferential," and the like are used in the orientations and positional relationships indicated in the drawings only for the convenience of describing the embodiments of the present invention and to simplify the description, and are not intended to indicate or imply that the device or element so referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed in a particular orientation, and be operated in a particular manner, and thus are not to be construed as limiting the embodiments of the present invention.
Furthermore, the terms "first", "second" and "first" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of the embodiments of the present invention, "a plurality" means two or more unless specifically limited otherwise.
In the embodiments of the present invention, unless otherwise explicitly specified or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," "fixed," and the like are to be construed broadly, e.g., as being fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrated; the connection can be mechanical connection, electrical connection or communication; they may be directly connected or indirectly connected through intervening media, or may be connected through the use of two elements or the interaction of two elements. Specific meanings of the above terms in the embodiments of the present invention can be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art according to specific situations.
Embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Examples
Referring to fig. 1 to 8, the present embodiment provides a method for reconstructing a mine ecological remediation soil system, which mainly includes the following steps:
step S1: and (4) treating the side slope 1 and preventing the side slope 1 from landslide.
Step S2: and (3) loosening surface soil 2, wherein the surface soil 2 refers to soil on the surface layer of the ground of the mine field.
Step S3: the topsoil 2 is crushed.
Step S4: and adding a remediation liquid into the topsoil 2, wherein the remediation liquid is used for reducing heavy metal pollution in the topsoil 2, and/or the remediation liquid is used for fertilizing the topsoil 2.
Step S5: the topsoil 2 was watered.
Step S6: grass seed sowing and forest planting are respectively carried out in different areas of the topsoil 2.
When the mine ecology is restored and the soil system is reconstructed, the side slope 1 which is easy to generate landslide is firstly treated so as to prevent the side slope 1 from generating landslide. After the topsoil 2 is planed loose, the sowed grass seeds can germinate faster, and the root systems of the planted trees can grow more easily. After the topsoil 2 is broken, the repairing liquid is added into the topsoil 2, so that heavy metal pollution in the topsoil 2 can be reduced, and the topsoil 2 can be fertilized by selecting the corresponding repairing liquid to reconstruct a soil system and protect soil resources.
In step S1, the treating of the slope 1 and the prevention of the slope 1 from landslide mainly include the following steps:
step S11: the self-drilling type anchor rods 11 are drilled into the side slope 1 through a drilling machine, and a plurality of self-drilling type anchor rods 11 are uniformly distributed on the side slope 1, specifically, a plurality of self-drilling type anchor rods 11 are distributed on the side slope 1 in a roughly rectangular array.
Step S12: grout is injected into a gap between the self-drilling anchor rod 11 and the side slope 1, and the grout can be connected with the self-drilling anchor rod 11 and a soil layer of the side slope 1 after being dried and solidified so as to achieve the purpose of fixing the self-drilling anchor rod 11.
Step S13: a first stainless steel pipe 12 is transversely arranged on the side slope 1, and a second stainless steel pipe 13 is longitudinally arranged. The first stainless steel pipe 12 and the second stainless steel pipe 13 are fixed on the slope 1 by the self-drilling anchor rod 11. The first stainless steel pipe 12 and the second stainless steel pipe 13 may be connected to the self-drilling anchor rod 11 by welding, bolting, or the like. The first stainless steel pipe 12 and the second stainless steel pipe 13 together form a net structure as shown in fig. 1, and the net structure is tightly attached to the side slope 1 to prevent the side slope 1 from sliding.
Step S14: planting vegetation on the side slope 1, in particular, planting vegetation in the open space of the side slope 1 which is not covered by the net structure. The plants and the trees are planted on the side slope 1, so that the side slope 1 can be better prevented from sliding under the action of the plants, and the ecological restoration of the mine is facilitated.
In step S13, concrete is poured into the first stainless steel pipe 12 and the second stainless steel pipe 13, and the ends of the first stainless steel pipe 12 and the second stainless steel pipe 13 can be sealed after the concrete is poured. Specifically, after the first stainless steel tube 12 and the second stainless steel tube 13 are fixed on the side slope 1 by the self-drilling anchor rod 11, concrete is poured into the first stainless steel tube 12 and the second stainless steel tube 13, so as to increase the weight of the first stainless steel tube 12 and the second stainless steel tube 13, and prevent the side slope 1 from sliding.
In step S4, the topsoil 2 may be continuously tumbled while the remediation liquid is added to the topsoil 2, so that the remediation liquid is uniformly mixed with the topsoil 2.
In step S2, the topsoil 2 is planed loose using the reclamation apparatus 3. The reclamation apparatus 3 may mainly include a driving vehicle 31, a lifting frame 321, a rotating roller 322, and a soil planing tooth 323. The drive vehicle 31 has drive wheels 311. The elevation frame 321 is installed at a lower portion of the driving vehicle 31 and can be moved longitudinally by the elevation cylinder 324. The rotating roller 322 is rotatably coupled to the elevation frame 321. A plurality of soil planing teeth 323 are provided at intervals along the circumferential direction of the rotating roller 322. When the reclamation apparatus 3 is used, a part of the soil planing teeth 323 on the rotating roller 322 is inserted downward into the topsoil 2 by the lifting cylinder 324, and the vehicle 31 is driven to move leftward by the rotation of the driving wheel 311. When the driving vehicle 31 moves leftward, the rotating roller 322 rotates counterclockwise to scarify the topsoil 2, and primarily breaks the topsoil 2 into small soil blocks.
The reclamation apparatus 3 may further include a crushing mechanism 33 and a transfer mechanism 35 disposed at the right side of the turning roller 322. The crushing mechanism 33 may mainly include a conveyor belt 331, a movable plate 332, a pressure plate 333, and a fulcrum plate 334. The conveying belt 331 is mounted to the drive vehicle 31. The movable plate 332 is located right above the conveying belt 331 and can reciprocate up and down under the driving of the reciprocating assembly 335. The pressure plate 333 is rotatably coupled to the lower side of the movable plate 332. The support plate 334 is located directly below the platen 333 and abuts against the inner side of the conveying belt 331. The transfer mechanism 35 may mainly include a first soil guide 351, a second soil guide 352, and a driving cylinder 353, which are obliquely disposed. The first soil guide plate 351 is fixed to the driving vehicle 31, and the upper end of the first soil guide plate 351 is positioned above the conveyor belt 331. The second soil guide 352 is slidably coupled to the left side of the first soil guide 351. One end of the driving cylinder 353 is connected to the second soil guide 352, and the other end is connected to the first soil guide 351. While a portion of the soil planing teeth 323 on the rotating roller 322 is inserted downward into the surface soil 2, the lower end of the second soil guide plate 352 may be inserted downward into the surface soil 2 by the driving cylinder 353, so that the soil blocks formed by the soil planing teeth 323 during the leftward movement of the driving vehicle 31 can be moved along the second soil guide plate 352 and the first soil guide plate 351 to above the conveyor belt 331 and fall onto the conveyor belt 331. After the soil blocks fall on the conveying belt 331 and move rightwards along with the conveying belt 331, when the soil blocks move to the position right below the pressing plate 333, the pressing plate 333 presses the soil blocks downwards to crush the soil blocks, in the process that the pressing plate 333 presses the soil blocks downwards, the conveying belt 331 works continuously, the pressing plate 333 and the conveying belt 331 move relatively, and therefore the soil blocks can be further crushed. Further, since the pressing plate 333 is rotatably coupled to the lower side of the movable plate 332, the pressing plate 333 can also rotate after the pressing plate 333 presses the soil block, which is advantageous for further pulverizing the soil block.
Specifically, the pressure plate 333 is rotatably connected to the lower side of the movable plate 332 in the following manner: the center of the upper side of the pressing plate 333 is connected with a connecting shaft 336, and the connecting shaft 336 is connected with the movable plate 332 and can drive the pressing plate 333 to rotate under the driving of the motor.
More specifically, a support rod 337 is fixed to a lower side of the movable plate 332, a support ball 337 is mounted to a lower end of the support rod 337, and the support ball 337 abuts against an upper side of the pressure plate 333. Through the arrangement of the supporting rods 337 and the supporting balls 337, the pressing plates 333 can be made to better crush the soil blocks on the conveying belt 331.
The reciprocating assembly 335 may generally include a drive motor 338, a first shaft 339, a disc 341, a transmission rod 342, a guide rod 343, and a guide block 344. The left end of the first rotating shaft 339 is in transmission connection with the driving motor 338, the disc 341 is installed at the right end of the first rotating shaft 339, and a first connecting column 345 is fixed at the right eccentric position of the disc 341. The first end of the transmission rod 342 is rotatably connected to the first connecting post 345. The lower end of the guide rod 343 is fixed to the movable plate 332, the upper end thereof is inserted into the guide block 344, and the guide block 344 is fixed to the driving vehicle 31. A second connecting column 346 is fixed on the guide rod 343, and a second end of the transmission rod 342 is rotatably connected with the second connecting column 346. The driving motor 338 drives the first rotating shaft 339 to rotate, the first rotating shaft 339 drives the disc 341 to rotate, and the transmission rod 342 can drive the guide rod 343 to reciprocate up and down in the rotation process of the disc 341.
The portion of the clods on the conveyor belt 331 may be clay with high water content, and in order to prevent the clay from adhering to the conveyor belt 331 and the pressing plate 333, the movable plate 332 is provided with a first rotating motor 347, and the first rotating motor 347 is located at the left side of the pressing plate 333. A first scraper 348 is connected to an output shaft of the first rotating motor 347, and an upper side of the first scraper 348 is flush with a lower side of the pressing plate 333. A second scraper 349 is obliquely provided at the right end of the conveyor 331, the second scraper 349 is fixed to the drive vehicle 31, and one end of the second scraper 349 abuts against the conveyor 331. When the pressing plate 333 moves upward, the first scraper 348 is driven by the first rotating motor 347 to rotate to the lower side of the pressing plate 333, and after the first scraper 348 rotates to the lower side of the pressing plate 333, the pressing plate 333 is rotated to scrape off clay attached to the lower side of the pressing plate 333.
In order to better scrape off the clay attached to the lower side of the pressing plate 333, the length of the first scraper 348 is greater than the radius of the pressing plate 333 and less than the diameter of the pressing plate 333.
The reclamation apparatus 3 may also include a spraying mechanism 36. The spraying mechanism 36 may mainly include a filter plate 361, a shroud 362, a spray tube 363, a stirring shaft 364, and stirring teeth 365. The filter sheet 361 is located below the conveyor belt 331 and is fixed to the drive vehicle 31. A shroud 362 is attached to an upper side of the filter sheet 361, and the filter sheet 361, the shroud 362, the first scraper 348 and the drive vehicle 31 surround to form a housing space 367. The spray pipe 363 is transversely arranged between the filter plate 361 and the transmission belt 331, a plurality of spray heads 368 are arranged on the spray pipe 363, and the spray pipe 363 is sequentially connected with a water pump 369 and a liquid storage tank 371. The left end of the stirring shaft 364 penetrates through the first scraper 348 and is connected with the driving motor 338 in a transmission way, and the right end of the stirring shaft 364 is inserted into the enclosing plate 362. The stirring teeth 365 are L-shaped, and a plurality of stirring teeth 365 are uniformly distributed on the stirring shaft 364. After being crushed, part of the soil blocks on the conveying belt 331 can fall into the accommodating space 367, and the repairing liquid in the liquid storage tank 371 is sprayed into the accommodating space 367 through the spray head 368, so that heavy metal pollution in the soil is reduced. The agitating teeth 365 not only can continuously stir the soil in the accommodating space 367 to uniformly mix the repairing liquid with the soil, but also can further crush the soil in the accommodating space 367, which facilitates uniform mixing of the repairing liquid with the soil, and when the soil in the accommodating space 367 is crushed to a certain extent, the soil can pass through the filter plate 361 to facilitate the soil to be put back to the ground.
Referring to fig. 2-5, the lower end of the shroud 362 is slidably connected to the filter plate 361, a fixing block 372 is fixed on the filter plate 361, and a return spring 373 is connected between the shroud 362 and the fixing block 372. A connecting sleeve 374 is installed at the right end of the stirring shaft 364, and a plurality of stirring rods 375 are arranged at intervals along the circumference of the connecting sleeve 374. A second rotating shaft 376 perpendicular to the stirring shaft 364 is installed at the right part of the filter plate 361, a cam 377 is installed on the second rotating shaft 376, and a driven block 378 matched with the shifting rod 375 is fixed at one side of the cam 377. When the stirring shaft 364 rotates, the connecting sleeve 374 rotates along with the stirring shaft, the shifting shaft 375 can intermittently push the driven block 378, so that the cam 377 can make reciprocating oscillation on the horizontal plane, and the enclosing plate 362 can move left and right under the combined action of the cam 377 and the return spring 373 in the process of reciprocating oscillation of the cam 377. The left and right movement of the coaming 362 can push the soil in the accommodating space 367 to the left to gather the soil, which is beneficial to the full stirring and crushing of the soil in the accommodating space 367 by the stirring teeth 365.
A plurality of ties 379 for breaking the soil in the receiving space 367 may be fixed to a lower portion of the left side of the enclosure 362 to further break the soil in the receiving space 367.
More specifically, the bundling rod 379 and the enclosure plate 362 may be hollow and communicate with each other, the enclosure plate 362 may communicate with the liquid storage tank 371 through a conduit, and a plurality of through holes (not shown) may be formed on a side wall of the bundling rod 379, so that the repairing liquid in the liquid storage tank 371 may enter the accommodating space 367 through the through holes of the bundling rod 379. Under the stirring action of the stirring teeth 365 and in the process that the enclosing plate 362 moves left and right, the pricking rod 379 can prick holes in different positions of the soil, and the repairing liquid can enter the holes so as to be more fully contacted with the soil.
A separating mechanism 39 is arranged below the conveying belt 331, and the separating mechanism 39 mainly includes a separating barrel 391, a supporting shaft 392, a mounting frame 393, an outer housing 394, a guide bucket 395, a first discharging pipe 396 and a second discharging pipe 397. The support shaft 392 is mounted to the drive car 31 through a mounting bracket 393. The support shaft 392 is hollow inside, and a discharge opening 398 is opened at the upper right side of the support shaft 392. A guide plate 399 is fixed in the support shaft 392, an inserting rod 401 is inserted in the guide plate 399, a valve plate 402 is fixed at the upper end of the inserting rod 401, the valve plate 402 is in sliding fit in the support shaft 392, and a pressure spring 403 is connected between the valve plate 402 and the guide plate 399. The separating barrel 391 is positioned in the outer cover 394, the bottom center of the separating barrel 391 is communicated with the upper end of the supporting shaft 392, and a plurality of discharge holes 404 are arranged on the side surface of the separating barrel 391. The guide bucket 395 is disposed below the conveying belt 331, and a lower end of the guide bucket 395 is positioned above the separation tub 391. In the present embodiment, the guide bucket 395 is provided below the filter plate 361. A second rotating electric machine 405 is drivingly connected to the lower end of the support shaft 392. One end of a first discharge pipe 396 is connected to the bottom of the outer housing 394, and one end of a second discharge pipe 397 is communicated with a discharge port 398. The first outlet pipe 396 is located to the left of the second outlet pipe 397. The separating barrel 391 can be driven by the second rotating motor 405 to rotate, soil passing through the filter plate 361 can fall into the separating barrel 391, the humidity of the soil falling into the separating barrel 391 is difficult to keep consistent, and when part of the soil is dry, the density of the soil with high humidity is higher, and in the process of rotating the separating barrel 391, the soil with high humidity is thrown out from the discharge port 404, falls into the outer cover 394, and falls to the ground from the first discharge pipe 396; soil with low humidity is gathered in the middle of the separation barrel 391, and as the weight of the soil on the valve plate 402 increases, the valve plate 402 moves downward, and when the valve plate 402 moves below the discharge port 398, the soil with low humidity enters the second discharge pipe 397, and finally drops on the ground. Since the first tapping pipe 396 is located at the left side of the second tapping pipe 397, in the process of moving the driving cart 31 leftward, the soil having a high humidity can be covered with the soil having a low humidity, so that the evaporation of water in the soil having a high humidity can be slowed down in arid regions, which is advantageous for the growth of plants.
In connection with the above structure, the working principle of the reclamation device 3 will be described in detail below.
When the reclamation apparatus 3 is used, a part of the soil planing teeth 323 on the rotating roller 322 is inserted downward into the topsoil 2 by the lifting cylinder 324, and the vehicle 31 is driven to move leftward by the rotation of the driving wheel 311. When the driving cart 31 moves leftward, the turning roller 322 rotates counterclockwise to dig up the topsoil 2, and primarily breaks the topsoil 2 into small soil blocks.
While a portion of the soil planing teeth 323 on the rotating roller 322 is inserted downward into the surface soil 2, the lower end of the second soil guide plate 352 may be inserted downward into the surface soil 2 by the driving cylinder 353, so that the soil blocks formed by the soil planing teeth 323 during the leftward movement of the driving vehicle 31 can be moved along the second soil guide plate 352 and the first soil guide plate 351 to above the conveyor belt 331 and fall onto the conveyor belt 331. After the soil blocks fall on the conveying belt 331 and move rightwards along with the conveying belt 331, when the soil blocks move to the position right below the pressing plate 333, the pressing plate 333 presses the soil blocks downwards to crush the soil blocks, in the process that the pressing plate 333 presses the soil blocks downwards, the conveying belt 331 works continuously, the pressing plate 333 and the conveying belt 331 move relatively, and therefore the soil blocks can be further crushed. Further, since the pressing plate 333 is rotatably coupled to the lower side of the movable plate 332, the pressing plate 333 can also be rotated after the pressing plate 333 is pressed down on the soil block, which is advantageous for further pulverizing the soil block.
After being crushed, part of the soil blocks on the conveying belt 331 fall into the accommodating space 367, and the repairing liquid in the liquid storage tank 371 is sprayed into the accommodating space 367 through the spray head 368, so that heavy metal pollution in the soil is reduced. The agitating teeth 365 not only can continuously stir the soil in the accommodating space 367 to uniformly mix the repairing liquid with the soil, but also can further crush the soil in the accommodating space 367, which facilitates uniform mixing of the repairing liquid with the soil, and when the soil in the accommodating space 367 is crushed to a certain extent, the soil can pass through the filter plate 361 to be conveniently replaced to the ground.
The soil passing through the filter plate 361 can fall into the separating barrel 391, the humidity of the soil falling into the separating barrel 391 is difficult to keep consistent, and when the soil is dry, the density of the soil with high humidity is higher, and in the process of rotating the separating barrel 391, the soil with high humidity is thrown out from the discharge hole 404, falls into the outer cover 394, and falls to the ground from the first discharge pipe 396; soil with low humidity is gathered in the middle of the separation barrel 391, and as the weight of the soil on the valve plate 402 increases, the valve plate 402 moves downward, and when the valve plate 402 moves below the discharge port 398, the soil with low humidity enters the second discharge pipe 397, and finally drops on the ground. Because first discharging pipe 396 is located on the left side of second discharging pipe 397, in the process that driving vehicle 31 moves leftward, the soil with high humidity can be covered by the soil with low humidity, and thus, in arid regions, evaporation of water in the soil with high humidity can be slowed down, which is beneficial to growth and development of plant lands.
Finally, it should be noted that: the present invention is not limited to the above-described preferred embodiments, but various modifications and changes can be made by those skilled in the art, and the embodiments and features of the embodiments of the present invention can be combined with each other arbitrarily without conflict. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A reconstruction method of a mine ecological restoration soil system is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step S1: treating the side slope and preventing the side slope from sliding;
step S2: loosening surface soil;
step S3: crushing surface soil;
step S4: adding a repairing liquid into surface soil, wherein the repairing liquid is used for reducing heavy metal pollution in the surface soil, and/or the repairing liquid is used for fertilizing the surface soil;
step S5: watering surface soil;
step S6: sowing grass seeds and planting forest trees in different areas of the topsoil.
2. The method for reconstructing the mine ecological remediation soil system of claim 1, wherein in step S1, the step of treating the side slope and preventing the side slope from sliding comprises the steps of:
step S11: drilling the self-drilling anchor rods into the side slope through a drilling machine, and uniformly distributing a plurality of self-drilling anchor rods on the side slope;
step S12: injecting grout between the self-drilling anchor rod and the gap of the slope to fix the self-drilling anchor rod;
step S13: transversely arranging a first stainless steel pipe on the side slope, and longitudinally arranging a second stainless steel pipe; the first stainless steel pipe and the second stainless steel pipe are fixed on the side slope through the self-drilling anchor rod; the first stainless steel pipe and the second stainless steel pipe jointly form a net structure, and the net structure is tightly attached to a side slope;
step S14: planting grass and trees on the side slope.
3. The method for reconstructing a mine ecological restoration soil system according to claim 2, wherein in step S13, concrete is poured into the first stainless steel pipe and the second stainless steel pipe.
4. The mine ecological remediation soil system reconfiguration method of claim 1,
in step S2, scarification of topsoil is performed using a reclamation apparatus; the reclamation device comprises a driving vehicle, a lifting frame, a rotating roller and soil planing teeth;
the driving vehicle is provided with a driving wheel; the lifting frame is arranged at the lower part of the driving vehicle and can move longitudinally under the driving of the lifting cylinder;
the rotating roller is rotationally connected to the lifting frame; the soil planing teeth are arranged along the circumferential direction of the rotating roller at intervals.
5. The mine ecological remediation soil system reconfiguration method of claim 4, wherein said reclamation apparatus further comprises a crushing mechanism and a transport mechanism disposed to the right of said turning rollers;
the crushing mechanism comprises a conveying belt, a movable plate, a pressing plate and a support plate; the transmission belt is arranged on the driving vehicle; the movable plate is positioned right above the conveying belt and can reciprocate up and down under the driving of the reciprocating assembly; the pressure plate is rotatably connected to the lower side of the movable plate; the support plate is positioned right below the pressing plate and is abutted against the inner side of the conveying belt;
the transmission mechanism comprises a first soil guide plate, a second soil guide plate and a driving cylinder which are obliquely arranged; the first soil guide plate is fixed on the driving vehicle, and the upper end of the first soil guide plate is positioned above the conveying belt; the second soil guide plate is connected to the left side of the first soil guide plate in a sliding manner; one end of the driving cylinder is connected with the second soil guide plate, and the other end of the driving cylinder is connected with the first soil guide plate.
6. The mine ecological remediation soil system reconstruction method of claim 5, wherein the reciprocating assembly comprises a drive motor, a first rotating shaft, a disc, a transmission rod, a guide rod and a guide block;
the left end of the first rotating shaft is in transmission connection with the driving motor, the disc is installed at the right end of the first rotating shaft, and a first connecting column is fixed at the eccentric position of the right side of the disc;
the first end of the transmission rod is rotatably connected with the first connecting column;
the lower end of the guide rod is fixed on the movable plate, the upper end of the guide rod is inserted into the guide block, and the guide block is fixed on the driving vehicle; and a second connecting column is fixed on the guide rod, and the second end of the transmission rod is rotatably connected with the second connecting column.
7. The mine ecological remediation soil system reconfiguration method of claim 6,
the movable plate is provided with a first rotating motor, and the first rotating motor is positioned on the left side of the pressing plate; the output shaft of the first rotating motor is connected with a first scraper, and the upper side of the first scraper is flush with the lower side of the pressing plate;
the right-hand member of transmission band is provided with the second scraper blade aslope, the second scraper blade is fixed in drive car, the one end of second scraper blade with the transmission band looks butt.
8. The mine ecological remediation soil system reconfiguration method of claim 7, wherein said reclamation apparatus further comprises a spraying mechanism; the spraying mechanism comprises a filter plate, a surrounding plate, a spraying pipe, a stirring shaft and stirring teeth;
the filter plate is positioned below the conveying belt and fixed on the driving vehicle;
the enclosing plate is connected to the upper side of the filter plate, and the filter plate, the enclosing plate, the first scraper and the driving vehicle are enclosed to form an accommodating space;
the spraying pipe is transversely arranged between the filter plate and the transmission belt, a plurality of spray heads are arranged on the spraying pipe, and the spraying pipe is sequentially connected with a water pump and a liquid storage tank;
the left end of the stirring shaft penetrates through the first scraper plate and is in transmission connection with the driving motor, and the right end of the stirring shaft is spliced with the surrounding plate;
the stirring teeth are L-shaped, and the stirring teeth are uniformly distributed on the stirring shaft.
9. The method for reconstructing a mine ecological restoration soil system according to claim 8,
the lower end of the coaming is connected with the filter plate in a sliding manner, a fixed block is fixed on the filter plate, and a return spring is connected between the coaming and the fixed block;
a connecting sleeve is arranged at the right end of the stirring shaft, and a plurality of shift levers are arranged at intervals along the circumferential direction of the connecting sleeve;
and a second rotating shaft is arranged at the right part of the filter plate, a cam is arranged on the second rotating shaft, and a driven block matched with the shifting rod for use is fixed on one side of the cam.
10. The mine ecological remediation soil system reconstruction method of any one of claims 5 to 9, wherein a separation mechanism is arranged below the conveyor belt, and the separation mechanism comprises a separation barrel, a support shaft, a mounting frame, an outer cover, a guide hopper, a first discharge pipe and a second discharge pipe;
the supporting shaft is mounted on the driving vehicle through a mounting frame; the supporting shaft is hollow, and a discharge opening is formed in the right side of the upper part of the supporting shaft;
a guide plate is fixed in the support shaft, an insertion rod is inserted into the guide plate, a valve plate is fixed at the upper end of the insertion rod and is in sliding fit with the support shaft, and a pressure spring is connected between the valve plate and the guide plate;
the separation barrel is positioned in the outer cover, the center of the bottom of the separation barrel is communicated with the upper end of the supporting shaft, and a plurality of discharge holes are formed in the side surface of the separation barrel; the lower end of the supporting shaft is in transmission connection with a second rotating motor;
the guide hopper is arranged below the conveying belt, and the lower end of the guide hopper is positioned above the separation barrel;
one end of the first discharge pipe is connected to the bottom of the outer cover, and one end of the second discharge pipe is communicated with the discharge port;
the first discharge pipe is located on the left side of the second discharge pipe.
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