CN115042429A - Research method for high-precision printing of micron fibers - Google Patents
Research method for high-precision printing of micron fibers Download PDFInfo
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- CN115042429A CN115042429A CN202210781710.7A CN202210781710A CN115042429A CN 115042429 A CN115042429 A CN 115042429A CN 202210781710 A CN202210781710 A CN 202210781710A CN 115042429 A CN115042429 A CN 115042429A
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- 238000007639 printing Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 128
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 110
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 43
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 9
- 238000013519 translation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 238000009987 spinning Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 claims description 39
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 claims description 36
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 17
- 230000005684 electric field Effects 0.000 claims description 15
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- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000013589 supplement Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005137 deposition process Methods 0.000 claims description 3
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- 229920002545 silicone oil Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 claims description 2
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- 239000002861 polymer material Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920001410 Microfiber Polymers 0.000 claims 8
- 239000003658 microfiber Substances 0.000 claims 8
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 abstract description 14
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 abstract description 11
- 238000010041 electrostatic spinning Methods 0.000 description 6
- 229920001610 polycaprolactone Polymers 0.000 description 6
- 239000004632 polycaprolactone Substances 0.000 description 6
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- 239000004594 Masterbatch (MB) Substances 0.000 description 3
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- 235000015334 Phyllostachys viridis Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011425 bamboo Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 210000004204 blood vessel Anatomy 0.000 description 1
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
- B29C64/10—Processes of additive manufacturing
- B29C64/106—Processes of additive manufacturing using only liquids or viscous materials, e.g. depositing a continuous bead of viscous material
- B29C64/112—Processes of additive manufacturing using only liquids or viscous materials, e.g. depositing a continuous bead of viscous material using individual droplets, e.g. from jetting heads
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
- B29C64/30—Auxiliary operations or equipment
- B29C64/386—Data acquisition or data processing for additive manufacturing
- B29C64/393—Data acquisition or data processing for additive manufacturing for controlling or regulating additive manufacturing processes
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y10/00—Processes of additive manufacturing
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y50/00—Data acquisition or data processing for additive manufacturing
- B33Y50/02—Data acquisition or data processing for additive manufacturing for controlling or regulating additive manufacturing processes
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
- D01D—MECHANICAL METHODS OR APPARATUS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS
- D01D5/00—Formation of filaments, threads, or the like
- D01D5/0007—Electro-spinning
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Textile Engineering (AREA)
- Nonwoven Fabrics (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a research method for high-precision printing of micron fibers, which comprises the following steps: the method comprises the following steps: spinning is carried out by adopting melt near-field direct writing equipment, and a hysteresis effect caused by mismatching of the jet flow speed and the receiving plate speed in printing is eliminated by regulating and controlling printing parameters, so that high-precision printing under a low-layer structure is realized. Step two: and printing is carried out during spinning according to the parameters obtained in the first step, and the printing precision of the high-rise structure is improved through path difference compensation and voltage compensation in the Z-axis direction. On one hand, the invention adjusts parameters of adjustable fiber diameter, including needle diameter, air pressure, temperature, receiving plate moving speed and the like. Finding out the critical translation speed and printing the complex pattern, so that the realization of the printing of the complex pattern by the melt near-field direct writing technology becomes possible; on the other hand, the receiving distance and the voltage in the melt near-field direct writing device are adjusted, so that the influence of the deposited fibers on the position deviation of the charged jet flow due to charge repulsion is reduced, and the high-precision printing of the micron fibers is realized.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to a melt near-field direct writing technology, and particularly relates to a research method for high-precision printing of micron fibers.
Background
Electrospinning is a process in which a high voltage electric field is applied to a polymer solution or melt to produce micron and submicron fibers. The fibers spun by the traditional electrostatic spinning technology are disordered, and the application of electrostatic spinning is restricted. In recent years, although an ordered electrospinning process has been developed to improve the alignment and placement problems of electrospun nanofibers, such as a disk type fiber receiver, a fiber receiver of a separate electrode, magnetic electrospinning, etc., these methods have complicated receiving devices and still cannot precisely control the location of fiber deposition. Meanwhile, a three-dimensional structure conforming to a design path cannot be prepared. The melt near-field direct-writing electrostatic spinning technology is a spinning method capable of controlling fiber deposition, and compared with the traditional electrostatic spinning technology, the melt near-field direct-writing electrostatic spinning technology is lower in pressure, safe and environment-friendly. The technical principle is that spinning jet flow is controlled to be in a stable motion state by reducing spinning distance and spinning voltage, so that accurate control of the spinning jet flow and accurate deposition of solidified fibers are realized; meanwhile, the receiving plate is arranged on the two-dimensional motion platform, the fixed-point deposition or the deposition according to a preset track of the electrospinning fibers in the two-dimensional plane is realized by controlling the motion path of the two-dimensional motion platform, and the three-dimensional structure is finally obtained along with the increase of the number of the deposition layers.
Related patents in the fields of melt near-field direct writing technology and 3D printing technology that have been protected so far are integrated devices for integrating multiple 3D bioprinters with high precision (CN 211165342U). There still remains the following technical problem,
technical problem 1: the method can realize the printing of rectangular or square patterns by using a melt near-field direct writing technology, but the printing of complex patterns has difficulties, such as the printing tracks of a honeycomb structure and a multi-angular star structure. More complex structures mean more variation in the orientation of the receiver plates, which affects fiber deposition accuracy. When the receiving plate moving speed is less than the jet flow deposition speed, deposited fibers are accumulated or bent into a loop; when the moving speed of the receiving plate is higher than the jet flow deposition speed, the deviation exists between the vertical projection point of the jet flow and the actual deposition point of the fiber, and the deviation is the hysteresis effect of the fiber. This hysteresis effect is more pronounced when corners or directions change, and the actual path does not match the planned path, affecting the actual printing effect.
Technical problem 2: in addition, the high-precision three-dimensional polymer structure has stronger applicability in the technical fields of regenerative medicine, tissue engineering, micro-energy collection and storage and the like. However, the molten polymer jet formed using the melt near-field direct writing technique can directly deposit ordered microstructures at low receiving distances (needle to receiving plate). However, as the number of deposited layers increases, the residual charge in the deposited fibers increases, so that the position of the charged jet flow is deviated, and the precision of the three-dimensional polymer structure under the melt near-field direct writing is reduced when the height is increased, which is a great obstacle to the application of the technology.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the two technical problems, the invention aims to provide a research method for high-precision printing of micron fibers, and on one hand, parameters which can form stable jet flow in a melt near-field direct writing device are adjusted, wherein the parameters comprise the diameter of a needle head, air pressure, temperature, the moving speed of a receiving plate and the like. Through the adjustment of printing parameters, the matching between the jet flow deposition speed and the receiving plate translation speed is ensured, the hysteresis effect caused by the mismatching between the jet flow deposition speed and the receiving plate translation speed in the printing process is eliminated, and the realization of complex geometric figures by near-field direct writing printing of the melt becomes possible; on the other hand, the receiving distance and the real-time voltage in the melt near-field direct writing device are adjusted in a program mode, the problem that the cooling time of the high-rise fibers is short is solved, the voltage intensity in an electrostatic field is kept stable, and the high-rise fibers are accurately printed. The two technical improvements are expected to improve the application and development of the electrostatic spinning near-field direct writing technology in the fields of complex structures and high-rise fiber support manufacturing.
In order to solve the technical problems, the following technical scheme is adopted:
a research method for high-precision printing of micron fibers is characterized by comprising the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: spinning is carried out by adopting melt near-field direct writing equipment, and high-precision printing under a low-layer structure is realized by regulating and controlling printing parameters.
Step two: and performing spinning printing according to the printing parameters obtained in the first step, and improving the printing precision of the high-rise structure through path difference compensation and voltage compensation in the Z-axis direction.
Preferably, the first step comprises:
(1) spinning by adopting melt near-field direct writing equipment, and adjusting receiving distance, air pressure and voltage to form jet flow;
(2) adjusting the movement speed of the receiving plate, and observing the jet flow forms at different speeds;
(3) after printing is finished, observing the deposited fibers under an optical microscope, and observing the fiber deposition forms and the diameters thereof at different speeds;
(4) and (4) obtaining a critical translation speed according to the results of the step (2) and the step (3), wherein the critical translation speed represents the speed of the receiving plate when the jet speed is the same as the speed of the receiving plate and the deposition path firstly appears in a straight line.
Preferably, the second step comprises:
(1) editing a G code according to the printing parameters in the first step, so that the receiving plate performs repeated motion in the same printing path, the fibers are deposited in the same path, the distance between the needle head and the deposited fibers is reduced along with the increase of the deposition height, and the deviation condition of the fibers being deposited is observed;
(2) according to the printing parameters in the first step, the height of the diameter of a single fiber is increased before the needle cylinder runs in each printing period so as to keep a constant printing distance between the needle head and a printing point;
(3) when the syringe rises to keep a constant printing distance, the electric field strength of the tip of the needle head is reduced, a voltage supplement value is obtained by simulating the electric field, and the voltage is supplemented according to the reduced value of the electric field strength, so that the distribution of the electric field is the same as the initial stage of printing.
Preferably, said step (1): firstly, filling polymer material master batches into a needle cylinder, heating the needle cylinder, and converting the polymer master batches into viscous state; and the receiving substrate is paved and fixed on a receiving plate; and adjusting the distance from the needle head to the receiving plate, applying air pressure to the needle cylinder to extrude the polymer melt from the needle head, and then applying voltage to the needle head to form a stable jet flow of the extruded polymer melt, thereby determining the receiving distance, the temperature, the air pressure and the voltage.
Preferably, the receiving substrate is silicone oil paper, tin paper or conductive glass.
Preferably, said step (2):
a. firstly, moving a receiving plate at a speed lower than a critical translation speed, wherein the fibers are bent due to the internal pressure of a longitudinal needle cylinder, so that the fibers are bent into a loop along a path, and if the moving speed of the receiving plate is lower than the extrusion speed of the fibers, the fibers can be accumulated on the receiving plate; as the receiver plate speed increases, but still below the fiber extrusion speed, the frequency of bending of the extruded fiber decreases;
b. continuously increasing the speed of the receiving plate, wherein the extruded fibers can directly contact with the receiving plate before the speed of the receiving plate reaches the critical translation speed, and the deposited fibers are not bent any more; at the moment, because the receiving plate and the needle head move relatively, the tension and the longitudinal pressure of the jet flow by the transverse receiving plate reach balance, and the contact point of the extruded fiber is right below the center of the Taylor cone;
c. when the receiving plate moves at a speed higher than the critical translation speed, the pulling force of the transverse receiving plate on the jet flow obviously exceeds the longitudinal pressure, the jet flow generates a hysteresis effect, and the hysteresis distance is increased along with the increase of the speed; at this time, a printing error occurs, which is disadvantageous to high-precision printing of fibers.
Preferably, said step (3): the printing speed is lower than the critical translation speed, and the fiber deposition path is in a bent state; with the gradual increase of the printing speed, the bending state gradually tends to be linear, and finally the fiber deposition path is linear; the printing speed is continuously increased, the lag distance is continuously increased, and the matching degree of the actual fiber deposition path and the planned path is reduced.
Preferably, said step (4): and adjusting the movement speed of the receiving plate, observing the jet flow under the camera, enabling the jet flow form to reach the condition that the jet flow between the needle head and the receiving plate is vertical to the receiving plate, and the printing path is in a critical state from bending to straight line, and finally observing the deposition path under an optical microscope to be consistent with the planned path.
Preferably, said step (1): setting printing parameters according to the result of the step one, repeatedly printing tracks on the receiving plate, and when the position of the needle cylinder is unchanged, along with the repetition of the printing tracks of the receiving plate, the fibers are deposited on each layer to increase the height of a printing structure, so that the receiving distance between a needle head and a printing point is shortened, the polymer melt is not solidified for enough time in the process of forming deposition, and the good fiber morphology cannot be maintained. Meanwhile, the distance between the needle head and the deposited fiber is shortened, and the deposited fiber has charges which are the same as the charges of the charged jet flow, so that the needle head and the deposited fiber generate repulsive interference to influence the jet flow stability.
Preferably, after the voltage is supplemented according to the step (3), repeatedly printing tracks on the receiving plate, wherein the number of fiber layers on the printing tracks is increased along with the increase of the movement times of the receiving plate, and finally depositing the three-dimensional polymer structure with high height on the receiving plate; the repulsion in the printing process is reduced, the offset in the deposition process is reduced, the deposition path of the three-dimensional structure is the same as the preset path, and high-precision printing on the height can be realized.
Due to the adoption of the technical scheme, the method has the following beneficial effects:
the invention observes the printing precision by two technical methods of observing jet flow and observing the printing path, adjusts the temperature, the speed, the air pressure, the receiving distance and the like according to the observation result of the combination of the two methods, can ensure that the printing path is the same as the preset path, realizes high-precision printing, and provides technical support for printing complex patterns and the like.
The invention adjusts the receiving distance and voltage between the needle and the receiving plate by observing the electric field intensity, so that the jet flow can overcome the interference of deposited fibers with same charges, and the printed structure has a play space in height, thereby providing technical support for printing longitudinal structures such as blood vessel structures and bone outer layer structures.
The invention makes comprehensive and detailed research on all parameters in the printing process, overcomes the influence factors in the high-precision printing of the micron fibers, eliminates the process problems in the actual printing process, and improves the smoothness and the continuity of the high-precision printing.
Drawings
The invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings in which:
FIG. 1 is a schematic representation of the hysteresis effect of the fiber;
FIG. 2 is a graph of the deposition trajectory of the jet at different velocities;
FIG. 3 is a diagram of a polygon star structure printed at a critical speed;
FIG. 4 is a diagram of a hexagonal honeycomb structure printed at critical speed;
in fig. 1, the translation speed of the receiving plates a-C is gradually increased; the translation speed of the receiving plate in the printing path from top to bottom in fig. 2 is gradually increased.
Detailed Description
The invention aims to provide a research method for high-precision printing of micron fibers, which is used for adjusting parameters of adjustable fiber diameter in a melt near-field direct writing device, including needle diameter, air pressure, temperature, receiving plate moving speed and the like. Finding out the critical translation speed and printing a complex graph, so that the realization of the complex geometric graph by the near-field direct writing printing of the melt becomes possible; and on the other hand, the receiving distance and the voltage in the melt near-field direct writing device are adjusted, and the deviation of the deposited fiber to the position of the charged jet flow due to charge repulsion is balanced.
The invention is further illustrated by the following specific examples:
the utility model provides a used fuse-element near field direct writing equipment is printed to micron fibre high accuracy, includes spinning syringe, heat conduction section of thick bamboo, heating ferrule and insulating boot bucket, gas-supply pipe, the pneumatic means who provides atmospheric pressure, temperature measuring device, and wherein the spinning syringe includes cylinder and syringe needle two parts, and pneumatic means is connected with the spinning syringe through the gas-supply pipe and is used for providing atmospheric pressure:
the method comprises the following steps: spinning by adopting melt near-field direct writing equipment to obtain parameters of a printable high-precision ordered fiber structure, and observing jet flow form and fiber deposition tracks by adopting two methods:
(1) the spinning injector comprises a cylinder body and a needle head, 5g of polycaprolactone master batch is directly filled into the cylinder at the ambient temperature of 25-30 ℃ and the humidity of 35-40%, the cylinder is heated to 70-75 ℃ at constant temperature, the solid polycaprolactone master batch is converted into viscous state by heating, and the solid polycaprolactone master batch is kept stand for more than 24 hours to fully discharge air bubbles in the viscous state polycaprolactone to obtain uniform viscous state polymer which is used for spinning by melt near-field direct writing equipment;
(2) spreading and fixing silicon oil paper or tin paper on a metal receiving plate to serve as a receiving base material;
(3) and opening the air pressure valve, and introducing nitrogen into the needle cylinder through the air delivery pipe at the upper end of the spinning injector to extrude the viscous-state polycaprolactone from the needle head. The air pressure is displayed to be 0.2MPa by regulating and controlling the air pressure valve to the digital display screen. Controlling the rise and the fall of a needle head by a computer connected with melt near-field direct writing equipment, adjusting the distance from the needle head to a receiving plate to be 2mm-2.5mm, then applying a voltage of 3kV-3.2kV to the needle head to enable the extruded viscous-state polycaprolactone to form a Taylor cone on the needle head, and spraying micron-sized molten fibers from the front end of the Taylor cone to form jet flow when the balance between electric field force and surface tension is broken;
(4) adjusting the movement speed of the receiving plate, and observing the jet flow forms at different speeds:
firstly, moving a receiving plate at a speed of 50mm/min-200mm/min, as shown in A in figure 1, wherein the fibers are bent due to the internal pressure of a longitudinal needle cylinder, so that the fibers are bent and looped along a path, and if the moving speed of the receiving plate is lower than the bending speed of the fibers, the fibers can be accumulated on the receiving plate; when the receiving plate speed is increased but still lower than the fiber bending speed, the bending frequency of the extruded fibers is reduced, and the position falling on the receiving plate is always unstable in front of or behind the center of the Taylor cone;
continuing to increase the speed of the receiving plate to 200mm/min-300mm/min, as shown in B in figure 1, before the speed of the receiving plate reaches the critical translation speed, the extruded fibers can directly contact with the receiving plate, and the deposited fibers are not wound; at the moment, because the receiving plate and the needle head move relatively, the pulling force and the longitudinal pressure of the transverse receiving plate to the jet flow reach balance, and the contact point of the extrusion fiber is right below the center of the Taylor cone;
the receiving plate moves at a speed of 300mm/min-1000mm/min or even higher, as shown in C in figure 1, the pulling force of the transverse receiving plate on the jet flow obviously exceeds the longitudinal pressure, the jet flow generates a hysteresis effect, and the hysteresis distance increases along with the increase of the speed;
(5) after printing is finished, the high-voltage power supply is closed, the needle head is longitudinally lifted to be far away from the receiving plate, the pneumatic device for providing air pressure is closed, and the silicone oil paper or the tin paper for receiving the deposited fibers is placed under an electron microscope for observation;
(6) observing the deposition tracks of the fibers at different speeds;
as shown in fig. 2, during the printing process, a segment of printing path is formed independently for different speeds, and the actual printing paths of the fibers corresponding to the speeds gradually increased from top to bottom in fig. 2. When the printing speed is too slow, the path of the deposited fiber is in a bent state; as the printing speed gradually increases, the curved state gradually tends to be a straight line, and the final printing path is a straight line (i.e., the printing path at D in fig. 2); continuing to increase the print speed, the print path will remain straight and no longer change, with the deposited fiber diameter gradually decreasing.
(7) According to the structure of the step (4) and the step (6), the movement speed of the receiving plate is adjusted, the jet flow shape is enabled to reach the state that the jet flow between the needle head and the receiving plate is perpendicular to the receiving plate as shown in B in figure 1, and the printing path is in a critical state from bending to straight line as shown in D in figure 2, and finally the printing path is observed under an electron microscope to be matched with the planned path, so that the critical translation speed is obtained.
Step two: in the above-mentioned steps, a parameter for obtaining a two-dimensional structure with high printing precision, namely the receiving distance from the needle to the receiving plate, the air pressure for extruding the molten polymer in the syringe from the needle, the voltage applied to the needle and the critical translation speed of the receiving plate, are obtained. When spinning is carried out according to the parameters obtained in the first step, the offset influence of deposited fibers on the position of the charged jet flow is balanced, and the parameters of a high-precision three-dimensional structure are obtained:
(1) according to the printing parameters set in the first step, when the position of the needle cylinder is kept to be 2mm, the fiber is deposited on each layer to increase the height of a printing structure along with the repeated movement of the receiving plate under the same printing path, so that the printing distance between the needle head and a printing point is shortened, the viscous-fluid-state polymer is not cured in enough time in the deposition forming process, the better fiber morphology cannot be kept, and meanwhile, the deposited fiber has charges with the same polarity as that of the charged jet flow, so that the deposited fiber and the charged jet flow generate repulsive interference, and the jet flow stability is influenced.
(2) The diameter of a single fiber deposited at this critical translation speed was measured under an electron microscope, and a plurality of single fiber diameters were measured to calculate an average value.
(3) Raising the syringe by a height of 15 μm before each printing cycle based on the single fiber diameter of 15 μm measured in (2) to maintain a constant printing distance between the needle and the printing dot;
(4) in the repeated printing track, the needle cylinder raises the diameter of the single fiber in the step (3) to keep a constant printing distance, the electric field intensity of the tip of the needle head is detected in real time in the process, the electric field intensity of the tip of the needle head is slightly reduced after the position of the printing needle cylinder is raised, and then the voltage is supplemented according to the reduced value of the electric field intensity to obtain a voltage supplement value, so that the distribution of the electric field is approximately the same as the initial stage of printing.
(5) And (4) repeatedly printing tracks on the receiving plate according to the voltage supplement parameter of the step (4) and the syringe lifting parameter of the step (3), and depositing a three-dimensional structure with height on the receiving plate. Since the repulsive interference is weakened and the offset is reduced in the deposition process, the deposition path of the three-dimensional structure is ensured to be the same as the preset path, and high-precision printing on the height is realized.
The above is only a specific embodiment of the present invention, but the technical features of the present invention are not limited thereto. Any simple changes, equivalent substitutions or modifications made on the basis of the present invention to solve the same technical problems and achieve the same technical effects are all covered in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A research method for high-precision printing of micron fibers is characterized by comprising the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: and spinning is carried out by adopting melt near-field direct writing equipment, and high-precision printing under a low-layer structure is realized by regulating and controlling printing parameters.
Step two: and performing spinning printing according to the printing parameters obtained in the first step, and improving the printing precision of the high-rise structure through path difference compensation and voltage compensation in the Z-axis direction.
2. The method for researching high-precision printing of the microfiber according to claim 1, wherein: the first step comprises the following steps:
(1) spinning by adopting melt near-field direct writing equipment, and adjusting receiving distance, air pressure and voltage to form jet flow;
(2) adjusting the movement speed of the receiving plate, and observing the jet flow forms at different speeds;
(3) after printing is finished, observing the deposited fibers under an optical microscope, and observing the fiber deposition forms and the diameters thereof at different speeds;
(4) and (4) obtaining a critical translation speed according to the results of the step (2) and the step (3), wherein the critical translation speed represents the speed of the receiving plate when the jet speed is the same as the speed of the receiving plate and the deposition path firstly appears in a straight line.
3. The method for researching high-precision printing of the microfiber according to claim 2, wherein: the second step comprises the following steps:
(1) editing a G code according to the printing parameters in the first step, so that the receiving plate performs repeated motion in the same printing path, the fibers are deposited in the same path, the distance between the needle head and the deposited fibers is reduced along with the increase of the deposition height, and the deviation condition of the fibers being deposited is observed;
(2) according to the printing parameters in the first step, the height of the diameter of a single fiber is increased before the needle cylinder runs in each printing period so as to keep a constant printing distance between the needle head and a printing point;
(3) when the syringe rises to keep a constant printing distance, the electric field strength of the tip of the needle head is reduced, a voltage supplement value is obtained by simulating the electric field, and the voltage is supplemented according to the reduced value of the electric field strength, so that the distribution of the electric field is the same as the initial stage of printing.
4. The method for researching high-precision printing of the microfiber according to claim 2, wherein: the step (1): firstly, filling polymer material master batches into a needle cylinder, heating the needle cylinder, and converting the polymer master batches into viscous state; and the receiving substrate is paved and fixed on a receiving plate; and adjusting the distance from the needle head to the receiving plate, increasing air pressure to the syringe to extrude the polymer melt from the needle head, and applying voltage to the needle head to form a stable jet flow of the extruded polymer melt so as to determine the receiving distance, the temperature, the air pressure and the voltage.
5. The method for researching high-precision printing of the microfiber according to claim 4, wherein: the receiving substrate is silicone oil paper, tin paper or conductive glass.
6. The method for researching high-precision printing of micron fibers as claimed in claim 2, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the step (2):
a. firstly, moving a receiving plate at a speed lower than a critical translation speed, wherein the fibers are bent due to the internal pressure of a longitudinal needle cylinder, so that the fibers are bent into a loop along a path, and if the moving speed of the receiving plate is lower than the extrusion speed of the fibers, the fibers can be accumulated on the receiving plate; as the receiver plate speed increases, but still below the fiber extrusion speed, the frequency of bending of the extruded fiber decreases;
b. continuously increasing the speed of the receiving plate, wherein the extruded fibers can directly contact with the receiving plate before the speed of the receiving plate reaches the critical translation speed, and the deposited fibers are not bent any more; at the moment, because the receiving plate and the needle head move relatively, the pulling force and the longitudinal pressure of the transverse receiving plate to the jet flow reach balance, and the contact point of the extrusion fiber is right below the center of the Taylor cone;
c. when the receiving plate moves at a speed higher than the critical translation speed, the pulling force of the transverse receiving plate on the jet flow obviously exceeds the longitudinal pressure, the jet flow generates a hysteresis effect, and the hysteresis distance is increased along with the increase of the speed; at this time, a printing error occurs, which is disadvantageous to high-precision printing of fibers.
7. The method for researching high-precision printing of the microfiber according to claim 6, wherein: the step (3): the printing speed is lower than the critical translation speed, and the fiber deposition path is in a bent state; with the gradual increase of the printing speed, the bending state gradually tends to be linear, and finally the fiber deposition path is linear; the printing speed is continuously increased, the lag distance is continuously increased, and the matching degree of the actual fiber deposition path and the planned path is reduced.
8. The method for researching high-precision printing of the microfiber according to claim 7, wherein: the step (4): and adjusting the movement speed of the receiving plate, observing the jet flow under the camera, enabling the jet flow form to reach the condition that the jet flow between the needle head and the receiving plate is vertical to the receiving plate, and the printing path is in a critical state from bending to straight line, and finally observing the deposition path under an optical microscope to be consistent with the planned path.
9. The method for researching high-precision printing of the microfiber according to claim 3, wherein: the step (1): setting printing parameters according to the result of the first step, repeatedly printing tracks on a receiving plate, when the position of a needle cylinder is unchanged, along with the repetition of the printing tracks of the receiving plate, the height of a printing structure is increased due to the deposition of fibers on each layer, so that the receiving distance between a needle head and a printing point is shortened, polymer melt is not solidified for enough time in the deposition forming process, the better fiber shape cannot be kept, meanwhile, the distance between the needle head and the deposited fibers is shortened, and the deposited fibers have charges which are the same as the charges of the charged jet flow, so that the needle head and the deposited fibers generate repulsive interference and influence on the jet flow stability.
10. The method for researching high-precision printing of the microfiber according to claim 9, wherein: after the voltage is supplemented according to the step (3), repeatedly printing a track on the receiving plate, wherein the number of fiber layers on the printing track is increased along with the increase of the movement times of the receiving plate, and finally depositing a high-degree three-dimensional polymer structure on the receiving plate; the repulsion in the printing process is reduced, the offset in the deposition process is reduced, the deposition path of the three-dimensional structure is the same as the preset path, and high-precision printing on the height can be realized.
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