CN115041380A - 一种铝单板表面喷涂工艺 - Google Patents

一种铝单板表面喷涂工艺 Download PDF

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CN115041380A
CN115041380A CN202210644701.3A CN202210644701A CN115041380A CN 115041380 A CN115041380 A CN 115041380A CN 202210644701 A CN202210644701 A CN 202210644701A CN 115041380 A CN115041380 A CN 115041380A
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CN115041380B (zh
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邵宏明
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Anhui Xiangqianghui Curtain Wall Material Co ltd
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种铝单板表面喷涂工艺,该工艺包括以下步骤:S1、对铝单板表面预处理;S2、将预处理后的铝单板置于镧锰转化液中转化,得到覆盖有镧锰转化膜的铝单板;S3、在铝单板表面使用环氧富锌底漆进行喷涂;S4、使用氟碳面漆在底漆上进行喷涂;S5、将喷涂后的铝单板烘烤、固化,得到铝单板制品。本发明通过在铝单板表面覆盖镧锰转化膜,能够提高涂层抗渗透能力,增强对铝单板底材的保护,同时还可以抵抗内应力的作用而避免裂纹出现,保证后续涂层颜色的均匀性;本发明将改性TiO2加入氟碳涂料中,能使氟碳漆层不仅具有更强的光催化特性、还能提高氟碳涂层的自清洁效果,同时赋予涂层稳定的色泽性和优异的耐侯性。

Description

一种铝单板表面喷涂工艺
技术领域
本发明涉及铝单板加工技术领域,具体为一种铝单板表面喷涂工艺。
背景技术
铝单板是一种铝制拼接式板材,也是一种建筑装饰材料,适用于各种幕墙的搭建,由于其自身重量轻耐用的优点,逐渐取代传统建筑板材。
目前铝单板生产中常用的喷涂工艺为氟碳漆喷涂,氟碳漆喷涂,由于氟碳漆具有优异的耐磨性、抗冲击性和抗紫外线,因此被常用于室外幕墙。但在实际使用过程中,会受到使用环境中各种物质的污染,包括空气中的粉尘、油性烟雾、工业废气、汽车尾气、酸雨等,这些污染物会粘附在涂膜表面并不断积累,从而使涂膜在短期内失去鲜艳的色彩,变黑变灰,严重影响涂膜的装饰效果和保护功能,限制了其推广应用。
同时,现有铝单板表面喷涂工艺生产的产品涂层与铝单板基材结合力不够,容易脱落,而表面涂层耐大气腐蚀性差、易产生光污染、耐沾污性差、不便于日常保养维护。
因此,如何通过优化铝单板表面喷涂工艺开发出耐大气腐蚀,具有优异耐沾污性的氟碳铝单板制品是本发明所要解决的问题。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种铝单板表面喷涂工艺,以解决上述背景技术中提出的问题。
为实现上述目的,本发明提供如下技术方案:
一种铝单板表面喷涂工艺,包括以下步骤:
S1、对铝单板表面预处理;
S2、将预处理后的铝单板置于镧锰转化液中转化,得到表面覆盖有镧锰转化膜的铝单板;
S3、在覆盖镧锰转化膜的铝单板表面使用环氧富锌底漆进行喷涂,底漆漆层厚度控制在5-10μm范围内;
S4、使用氟碳面漆在底漆上进行喷涂,面漆漆层厚度控制在20-25μm;
S5、将喷涂后的铝单板烘烤、固化,检查合格即得到铝单板制品。
优选的,步骤S2中,按照各组分在镧锰转化液中的含量计,所述镧锰转化液原料组分组成为:可溶性镧盐1-3g/L、高锰酸钾2-4g/L、紫苏籽提取物0.02-5g/L、pH调节剂2-5g/L、去离子水。
进一步优选的,所述可溶性镧盐为La(NO3)3或LaCl3;所述pH调节剂为H3PO4
优选的,步骤S2中,所述将预处理后的铝单板置于镧锰转化液中转化的具体步骤为:将预处理后的铝单板浸泡在可溶性镧盐溶液中,然后加入高锰酸钾溶液和紫苏籽提取物,用pH调节剂调节pH至3.0-5.0,于42-50℃下转化1-5min,然后热风干燥,即得到表面覆盖有镧锰转化膜的铝单板。
优选地,步骤S1中,所述预处理包括打磨工序和清洗工序;
所述打磨工序具体为:用水磨砂纸沾水将铝单板的表面均匀打磨,用洁净布块将打磨表面擦拭干净;所述清洗工序具体为:将打磨完成的铝单板表面先进行脱脂处理清洗表面油污,取出后水洗,然后在碱洗溶液中40-50℃下洗涤,取出后水洗;接着,在酸洗溶液中室温下洗涤,取出后水洗,烘干,得到预处理铝单板;
进一步优选的,所述碱洗溶液由碳酸钠、硅酸钠及磷酸三钠(Na3PO4·12H2O)组成,碳酸钠的质量体积浓度为40-60g/L,硅酸钠的质量体积浓度为15-30g/L,磷酸三钠的质量体积浓度为40-60g/L;所述酸洗溶液由CH3COOH和NaNO3组成,CH3COOH的体积浓度为185-200mL/L,NaNO3的质量体积浓度为30-55g/L。
优选的,步骤S4中,所述氟碳面漆,包括以下重量份的原料:PVDF树脂20-35份、SiO2改性聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯8-18份、改性TiO2 3-7份、分散剂1-3份、流平剂1.2-2份、消泡剂0.6-1.2份、溶剂15-30份。
优选的,所述改性TiO2的制备,包括以下步骤:将氨基改性TiO2纳米颗粒加入含有乙醇和冰乙酸的水溶液中充分混合,然后取ZnO/纤维素复合水凝胶加入混合溶液中,保持40-50℃恒温,每3-6h换一次溶液,得到悬浊液,再分别用水、乙醇、叔丁醇相同条件置换,然后冷冻干燥,得到TiO2/ZnO/纤维素复合气凝胶;将TiO2/ZnO/纤维素复合气凝胶分散于无水溶剂中,然后加入缚酸剂三乙胺,混合均匀,并将混合溶液于0℃下缓慢加入三氯均三嗪溶液中搅拌反应,反应过程中始终控制温度在0-5℃,反应结束后,丙酮洗涤,干燥,得到改性TiO2
优选的,步骤S5中,所述烘烤的温度为180-220℃,时间为5-8min。
本发明的目的还在于提供一种氟碳铝单板,其包括铝单板基材以及由上述喷涂工艺获得的涂层。
与现有技术相比,本发明有益效果如下:
(1)本发明中,通过对TiO2进行改性使TiO2负载在ZnO/纤维素复合气凝胶表面,由于ZnO/纤维素复合气凝胶具有三维多孔网络结构,高孔隙率,高比表面积的特点,一方面,纤维素气凝胶的微孔或纳米孔结构可为纳米光催化材料ZnO和TiO2的光催化反应提供更多的活性位点;另一方面,纤维素气凝胶的开孔结构、高孔隙率和高比表面积使其具备很强的吸附性能,从而达到吸附与光催化的协同作用,大幅度提升光催化效率;同时在TiO2颗粒与纤维素气凝胶之间形成共价键,能够克服TiO2颗粒的团聚问题;另外,通过负载在纤维素复合气凝胶表面的氨基改性TiO2中的氨基与三氯均三嗪反应,可以在TiO2颗粒上引入均三嗪活性基,使得引入均三嗪活性基的TiO2颗粒具有了反应活性,可以与高分子大分子链(PMMA)形成交叉网状结构,从而进一步提高了所得氟碳涂层的硬度及强度;另一方面引入的紫外光吸收剂(三嗪类化合物)可以协同TiO2进行紫外线的吸收,能够大幅度提高氟碳涂料的抗紫外线性能,防止紫外线穿透,同时保护金属表面不受外界环境大气,酸雨,污染的侵蚀,增强氟碳涂层的耐候性。
(2)本发明中,通过将改性TiO2加入氟碳涂料配方中与PVDF树脂、SiO2改性聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯、分散剂、流平剂等以适当比例配合协同,使得制备的氟碳涂层不仅具有更强的光催化特性和硬度、优异的耐沾污性,同时赋予涂层稳定的色泽性和优异的耐人工老化性。
(3)本发明中,使用环境友好型的无铬转化膜,即含有紫苏籽提取物的镧锰转化膜,由于紫苏籽提取物含有丰富的羟基、C=C双键和苯环基团等很好的金属基体附着位点,一方面可以作为缓蚀剂提高镧锰转化膜的耐蚀性能,同时还能够有效地与后续涂装铝单板的有机涂层发生化学交联,提高铝单板基材表面与有机涂层之间的附着力;另一方面由于紫苏籽提取物促进成膜过程而得到的镧锰转化膜可以完全覆盖铝单板基材,且膜层厚实致密,可提高涂层的抗渗透能力,抵抗内应力的作用而避免出现裂纹,增强对铝单板基材的保护,使得铝单板更加耐用。
(4)本发明喷涂工艺工序简单,易于规模化推广。
具体实施方式
下面将结合本发明实施例,对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述,显然,所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例,而不是全部的实施例。
实施例1
一种铝单板表面喷涂工艺,包括以下步骤:
S1、对铝单板表面预处理:用水磨砂纸沾水将铝单板的表面均匀打磨,用洁净布块将打磨表面擦拭干净;然后将打磨完成的铝单板表面先进行脱脂处理清洗表面油污,取出后水洗,然后在由40g/L碳酸钠、20g/L硅酸钠及45g/L磷酸三钠(Na3PO4·12H2O)组成的碱洗溶液中40℃下洗涤4min,取出后水洗;接着,在由190mL/LCH3COOH和40g/LNaNO3组成的酸洗溶液中室温下洗涤,取出后水洗40s,40℃下烘干10min,得到预处理铝单板;
S2、将预处理后的铝单板浸泡在3g/L La(NO3)3溶液中,然后加入2g/L高锰酸钾溶液和2g/L紫苏籽提取物,用H3PO4调节pH至4.0,于45℃下转化5min,然后热风干燥,即得到在铝单板基体表面覆盖镧锰转化膜;
S3、使用环氧富锌底漆在得到的覆盖镧锰转化膜的铝单板表面喷涂,控制底漆漆层厚度在5-10μm范围内;
S4:使用氟碳面漆在底漆上喷涂,控制面漆漆层厚度在20-25μm;
S5、将喷涂后的铝单板烘烤、固化,制品检查,合格即得到铝单板制品;
其中,上述氟碳面漆,包括以下重量份的原料:PVDF树脂25份、SiO2改性聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯12份、改性TiO2 5份、分散剂1份、流平剂1.8份、消泡剂1份、溶剂20份;
改性TiO2的制备步骤为:将氨基改性TiO2纳米颗粒加入含有乙醇和冰乙酸的水溶液(乙醇15ml:冰乙酸5:去离子水15)中充分混合,然后取ZnO/纤维素复合水凝胶加入混合溶液中,保持40℃恒温,每3h换一次溶液,得到悬浊液,再分别用水、乙醇、叔丁醇相同条件置换3次,然后冷冻干燥12h,得到TiO2/ZnO/纤维素复合气凝胶;(2)将得到的TiO2/ZnO/纤维素复合气凝胶分散于无水溶剂中,然后加入缚酸剂三乙胺,混合均匀,并将混合溶液于0℃下缓慢加入三氯均三嗪溶液中搅拌反应,且在反应过程中始终控制温度在2℃,反应结束后,丙酮洗涤3次,干燥,得到改性TiO2
实施例2
除了步骤S2中,镧锰转化液,其原料组分组成为:La(NO3)3 3g/L、高锰酸钾3g/L、紫苏籽提取物0.5g/L、pH调节剂2g/L、去离子水;其他同实施例1。
实施例3
喷涂工艺同实施例1,其中,氟碳面漆,包括以下重量份的原料:PVDF树脂35份、SiO2改性聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯15份、改性TiO2(同实施例1)3份、分散剂3份、流平剂1.2份、消泡剂1.2份、溶剂20份。
实施例4
喷涂工艺同实施例1,其中,氟碳面漆,包括以下重量份的原料:PVDF树脂20份、SiO2改性聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯12份、改性TiO2(同实施例1)7份、分散剂1.5份、流平剂1.5份、消泡剂1份、溶剂15份。
实施例5
喷涂工艺同实施例1,其中,氟碳面漆,包括以下重量份的原料:PVDF树脂25份、SiO2改性聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯8份、改性TiO2(同实施例1)5份、分散剂1份、流平剂2份、消泡剂0.6份、溶剂30份。
对比例1
省略了步骤S2,其余同实施例1。
对比例2
除了将改性TiO2直接用TiO2替换之外,其余同实施例1。
性能检测试验
分别对实施例1-5和对比例1-2制备的铝单板作为幕墙进行性能测试,结果如表1所示。
(一)检测方法/试验方法
(1)耐候性:耐人工气候老化性:采用GB/T1706进行3000h耐人工气候老化性;
(2)耐盐雾性:采用ASTMD1654—1992进行耐盐雾测试;
(3)涂膜外观:目视法;
(4)附着力:采用划格法进行测试;
(5)耐沾污性:采用GB/T9780-2013进行测试。
表1
Figure BDA0003685461830000091
将实施例1~5和对比例1的性能结果对比,对比例1在铝单板喷涂工艺中,未在铝单板基材表面覆盖无铬转化膜,直接在基材表面依次进行底漆和面漆的喷涂,由表1结果可以得出,对比例1的耐人工老化性和附着力均有所下降,这说明本发明采用含有紫苏籽提取物的镧锰转化膜覆盖铝单板基材表面,其中,含有紫苏籽提取物的镧锰转化膜有效地与后续涂装铝单板的有机涂层发生了化学交联,从而提高了铝单板基材表面与有机涂层之间的附着力;同时通过实施例1~5和对比例1外观对比,对比例1的外观表面还出现了裂纹,这说明本发明采用的含有紫苏籽提取物的镧锰转化膜已经完全覆盖铝单板基材表面,且膜层厚实致密,从而能够提高涂层的抗渗透能力,抵抗内应力的作用而避免裂纹出现。
将实施例1~5和对比例2的性能结果对比,对比例2在铝单板喷涂工艺中,氟碳面漆制备的配方中采用未进行改性的TiO2代替本申请采用的改性TiO2,由表1可以看出,对比例2的耐沾污性、耐人工老化性、耐盐雾性和硬度均有所下降,这说明本发明采用ZnO/纤维素复合气凝胶以及引入均三嗪活性基对TiO2进行改性,提高了氟碳涂层的光催化特性和硬度、耐沾污性能,同时赋予了氟碳涂层更稳定的色泽性和优异的耐人工老化性能。
综上所述,本发明优化了有机涂层(氟碳涂层、底漆涂层)与铝单板基材之间的涂覆结构,并在氟碳涂层中添加了改性TiO2,形成吸附、紫外光吸收与光催化效应三者相互协同的微纳米结构,从而克服现有铝单板基材表面与有机涂层的结合强度低以及氟碳涂层耐沾污性、耐人工老化性能不佳的问题。
以上所述,仅为本发明较佳的具体实施方式,但本发明的保护范围并不局限于此,任何熟悉本技术领域的技术人员在本发明揭露的技术范围内,根据本发明的技术方案及其改进构思加以等同替换或改变,都应涵盖在本发明的保护范围内。

Claims (10)

1.一种铝单板表面喷涂工艺,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
S1、对铝单板表面预处理;
S2、将预处理后的铝单板置于镧锰转化液中转化,得到表面覆盖有镧锰转化膜的铝单板;
S3、在覆盖镧锰转化膜的铝单板表面使用环氧富锌底漆进行喷涂,底漆漆层厚度控制在5-10μm范围内;
S4、使用氟碳面漆在底漆上进行喷涂,面漆漆层厚度控制在20-25μm;
S5、将喷涂后的铝单板烘烤、固化,检查合格即得到铝单板制品。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种铝单板表面喷涂工艺,其特征在于:步骤S2中,按照各组分在镧锰转化液中的含量计,所述镧锰转化液原料组成为:可溶性镧盐1-3g/L、高锰酸钾2-4g/L、紫苏籽提取物0.02-5g/L、pH调节剂2-5g/L、去离子水。
3.根据权利要求2所述的一种铝单板表面喷涂工艺,其特征在于:所述可溶性镧盐为La(NO3)3或LaCl3;所述pH调节剂为H3PO4
4.根据权利要求3所述的一种铝单板表面喷涂工艺,其特征在于:步骤S2中,所述将预处理后的铝单板置于镧锰转化液中转化的具体步骤为:将预处理后的铝单板浸泡在可溶性镧盐溶液中,然后加入高锰酸钾溶液和紫苏籽提取物,用pH调节剂调节pH至3.0-5.0,于42-50℃下转化1-5min,然后热风干燥,即得到表面覆盖有镧锰转化膜的铝单板。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种铝单板表面喷涂工艺,其特征在于:步骤S1中,所述预处理包括打磨工序和清洗工序;
所述打磨工序具体为:用水磨砂纸沾水将铝单板的表面均匀打磨,用洁净布块将打磨表面擦拭干净;
所述清洗工序具体为:将打磨完成的铝单板表面先进行脱脂处理清洗表面油污,取出后水洗,然后在碱洗溶液中40-50℃下洗涤,取出后水洗;接着,在酸洗溶液中室温下洗涤,取出后水洗,烘干,得到预处理铝单板。
6.根据权利要求5所述的一种铝单板表面喷涂工艺,其特征在于:所述碱洗溶液由碳酸钠、硅酸钠及磷酸三钠组成,碳酸钠的质量体积浓度为40-60g/L,硅酸钠的质量体积浓度为15-30g/L,磷酸三钠的质量体积浓度为40-60g/L;所述酸洗溶液由CH3COOH和NaNO3组成,CH3COOH的浓度为185-200mL/L,NaNO3的质量体积浓度为30-55g/L。
7.根据权利要求1所述的一种铝单板表面喷涂工艺,其特征在于:步骤S5中,所述烘烤的温度为180-220℃,时间为5-8min。
8.根据权利要求1所述的一种铝单板表面喷涂工艺,其特征在于:步骤S4中,所述氟碳面漆,包括以下重量份的原料:PVDF树脂20-35份、SiO2改性聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯8-18份、改性TiO2 3-7份、分散剂1-3份、流平剂1.2-2份、消泡剂0.6-1.2份、溶剂15-30份。
9.根据权利要求8所述的一种铝单板表面喷涂工艺,其特征在于:所述改性TiO2的制备,包括以下步骤:将氨基改性TiO2纳米颗粒加入含有乙醇和冰乙酸的水溶液中充分混合,然后取ZnO/纤维素复合水凝胶加入混合溶液中,保持40-50℃恒温,每3-6h换一次溶液,得到悬浊液,再分别用水、乙醇、叔丁醇相同条件置换,然后冷冻干燥,得到TiO2/ZnO/纤维素复合气凝胶;将TiO2/ZnO/纤维素复合气凝胶分散于无水溶剂中,然后加入缚酸剂三乙胺,混合均匀,并将混合溶液于0℃下缓慢加入三氯均三嗪溶液中搅拌反应,且在反应过程中始终控制温度在0-5℃,反应结束后,丙酮洗涤,干燥,得到改性TiO2
10.一种氟碳铝单板,其特征在于:包括铝单板基材以及由权利要求1-9任一项所述喷涂工艺获得的涂层。
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