CN115039793A - 室内高效抗菌净味剂及其制备方法和应用 - Google Patents
室内高效抗菌净味剂及其制备方法和应用 Download PDFInfo
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- CN115039793A CN115039793A CN202210792798.2A CN202210792798A CN115039793A CN 115039793 A CN115039793 A CN 115039793A CN 202210792798 A CN202210792798 A CN 202210792798A CN 115039793 A CN115039793 A CN 115039793A
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- silver
- carbon tube
- nano silicon
- silver bromide
- hydrogel
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Abstract
本发明涉及环保技术领域,具体涉及室内高效抗菌净味剂及其制备方法和应用,去除剂包括复合抗菌剂、溴化银‑银/纳米硅、水凝胶、润湿剂、消泡剂、余量水;复合抗菌剂为木霉菌素C4位酯内衍生物和/或载铜氧化锌纳米材料;溴化银‑银/纳米硅为纳米硅片附载银‑溴化银而成。本发明环境适应性极好,在自然光、弱光或无光的条件下都具有明显的抗菌性,具有广谱、高效、快速的杀菌效果,对细菌、病毒杀灭率大部分在99%以上,真菌被抑制不能生长;并且在可见光下,能发挥优异的分解甲醛以及去除异味分子的作用,减少基材本身甲醛释放,净化和分解空气中的甲醛和异味分子,且能够在较长的时间内维持有效,可持续净化室内空气;原料无毒无副作用,安全环保。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及环保技术领域,具体涉及室内高效抗菌净味剂及其制备方法和应用。
背景技术
近年来,随着我国经济的高速发展,工农业现代化水平的不断提高,人们生活水平也得到了很大程度的改善,特别是在居住条件方面,人均居住面积大幅度增加,室内装潢也越来越讲究。但久居室内的人却出现了头痛、咳嗽、疲倦等多种不适症状,严重者甚至产生了多种疾病,研究发现这与室内空气污染有相当大的关系。许多地方室内空气中的污染物浓度要高出室外2-5倍,而城市人群每天大约有90%的时间是在室内度过的。因此,重视室内空气质量、防范室内空气污染、检测治理室内空气污染成为大众关注的焦点。
甲醛是室内主要污染物之一,甲醛主要来源于涂料溶剂,胶合板的胶黏剂和一些织物表面。目前对室内装饰污染的主要治理方法有物理吸附法、化学反应法、催化氧化法、生物法、复合法和冷等离子体法。其中,吸附法由于价格低廉、原料易得是应用最普遍的方法,但吸附法如炭吸附仅对低浓度的挥发性有机气体、二氧化碳和二氧化硫等的回收较为理想,而对于装修产生的一些化学释放物几乎没有净化作用。综合比较来看,催化氧化法是一种前景更为广阔的净化空气的新方法。“光触媒”是一种以纳米级二氧化钛为代表的具有光催化功能的光半导体材料的总称,它涂布于基材表面,在紫外光及可见光的作用下,能有效地降解空气中有毒有害气体,但现有的光触媒仍存在降解污染物种类单一,可见光下催化降解性能差、只能在较短内限制化学污染,对于隐藏在家具内部的甲醛不能进行有效清除等问题。
抗菌材料是指具有杀灭和抑制微生物生长繁殖及其活性的一类新型功能材料,抗菌材料包括天然抗菌材料、有机抗菌材料、无机抗菌材料、有机-无机复合抗菌材料。其中,天然抗菌材料主要为动植物的提取物,目前已很难满足市场多用途和大用量的需求,无机抗菌材料主要将金属离子担持在活性炭、活性氧化铝、硅胶或硅铝酸盐等载体上而制得,不同载体所制得的抗菌材料,抗菌效果和抗菌谱相差甚大,且载体材料成份单一,难于发挥载体与抗菌金属离子的协同相乘作用,抗菌金属离子的抗菌作用不能充分发挥。有机抗菌材料包括除菌剂、杀菌剂、防腐剂、防霉剂、除藻剂等。但是通常的有机抗菌材料也有诸多致命弱点,比如:化学稳定性差,不耐热,遇热、光或水等容易挥发,难以实现长效;在许多高聚物的高温、高压、高剪切加工条件下易分解失效甚至可能产生有毒的分解产物。
发明内容
为解决背景技术中提到的问题,本发明提供了一种低毒、稳定性好,杀菌谱广、稳定性好并且抑菌效果并持续净化室内环境的抗菌净味剂、制备方法及应用。
一方面,本发明提供一种室内高效抗菌净味剂,关键在于:以重量份计,包括:8-13份溴化银-银/纳米硅、12-18份复合抗菌剂、32-38份水凝胶、1-3份润湿剂、0.5-2份消泡剂、余量水;
溴化银-银/纳米硅为纳米硅片附载银-溴化银而成;
所述复合抗菌剂为木霉菌素C4位酯内衍生物和/或载铜氧化锌纳米材料。该方案中溴化银-银/纳米硅具有吸附及可见光催化降解性能,不仅可以对室内甲醛进行吸收和分解,并且净化和分解室内空气中的其它气体污染物,可见光降解性能高并且金属银作为抗菌活性中心对细菌类具有良好的抗菌效果,载铜氧化锌纳米材料能将增大与细菌间的静电吸附,一方面释放Cu2+穿透细胞壁进入细菌内,导致内部蛋白质变性,另一方面,氧化锌通过光催化产生·OH和活性氧,及溶出Zn2+对细菌、霉菌进行灭杀,木霉菌素C4位酯内衍生物以天然产物木霉菌素为先导化合物进行修饰,具有低毒、广谱、高效的杀菌效果。
优选的,所述木霉菌素C4位酯内衍生物,通式如下:
优选的,所述载铜氧化锌纳米材料由以下方法制备:将改性多壁碳管加入0.5-0.8mol/L的硫酸锌溶液中,超声分散后,分离洗涤,再加入1.0-1.5mol/L碳酸钠溶液中,超声分散制得碳酸锌胶体,分离、洗涤、在280-350℃煅烧、研磨制得氧化锌/多壁碳管;将氧化锌/多壁碳管加入0.5-0.8mol/L的硫酸铜溶液中,搅拌12-24h,分离、洗涤、干燥、研磨制得。本方案中,将改性多壁碳管上富载纳米氧化锌和Cu2+,降低其表面的负电荷密度,从而增大与细菌间的静电吸附,再释放Cu2+、Zn2+对细胞蛋白进行变性,纳米氧化锌光催化产生·OH和活性氧,及溶出Zn2+对细菌、霉菌进行灭杀。
优选的,所述改性多壁碳管由以下方法制备而成:将多壁碳管置于混酸中,超声分散1-2h后分离、洗涤、干燥,得到羧基化多壁碳管,然后将羧基化多壁碳管分散于DMF中,黑暗条件下,加入预光照的丙烯酰胺单体,丙烯酰胺与羧基化多壁碳管的质量比为(350-400):1,加入复合引发剂,复合引发剂为丙烯酰胺的质量的0.3-0.5%wt,在紫外照射下,搅拌反应20-40min,过滤分离,清洗、干燥制得。本方案中,对多壁碳管先进行强氧化改性使其表面和两端产生羧基和羟基,并清除杂质,提高其致密度,再在紫外光条件下,将预光照的丙烯酰胺单体与多壁碳管进行接枝改性,大大提高多壁碳管的分散性,避免加载金属纳米时,团聚粘连,实际操作时,预光照时间优选为1-3min,丙烯酰胺单体形成部分活性链增长点后,再与多壁碳管混合,接枝率可高达25%。
优选的,所述复合引发剂为质量比为3:1的樟脑坤、甲基丙烯酸二甲氨乙酯。此方案中,以樟脑坤为主引发剂,甲基丙烯酸二甲氨乙酯为助引发剂,优化碳纳米管的接枝量。
优选的,所述溴化银-银/纳米硅催化剂由以下方法制备:将纳米硅分散于去离子水中形成1-3%纳米硅悬浮液,搅拌加入硝酸银溶液,调节pH值为7-9,黑暗环境下搅拌4-7h,离心分离,干燥得到溴化银/纳米硅;将溴化银/纳米硅分散于去离子水中形成1-3%悬浮液,光照下搅拌1-1.5h,离心分离,干燥制得。该方案中,硝酸银与纳米硅的摩尔质量比优选为(1-3)mol:1g,光还原制得催化剂,形成的溴化银-银异质结,产生等离子共振效应,提高对可见光的吸收、扩大对光的响应范围,同时纳米硅增大了溴化银的分散性,避免颗粒团聚,提高光催化活性。
优选的,所述纳米硅由以下方法制备:以单晶硅片为基材,采用水热腐蚀法形成硅纳米孔阵列,硅柱上的孔径从柱顶的40±5nm到柱底的15±5nm,逐渐减小,硅柱的尺寸范围为1.9-4.5nm,孔阵列区的厚度2-20μm。该方案制得的纳米硅由于硅纳米柱的存在导致单晶硅带隙能变宽,并且规则阵列结构和特殊的纳米多孔结构极大增大其比表面积。
优选的,所述水热腐蚀液为氢氟酸和硝酸铁的混合水溶液,其中氢氟酸浓度为12-15mol/L,硝酸铁为0.04-0.07mol/L。
优选的,所述水凝胶为月桂酸钠水凝胶、海藻酸钠水凝胶、聚乙烯醇水凝胶、聚丙烯酰胺水凝胶、琼脂水凝胶、聚乙二醇水凝胶中的一种或两种以上的混合物。凝胶具有热可逆相转变特性形成三维纤维网格结构有效避免纳米微粒聚集沉淀,并且可以增加基材的表面亲水性,有利于提高自洁能力。
另一方面,本发明提供室内高效抗菌净味剂的制备方法,关键在于包括以下步骤:将水凝胶加热溶解至透明时,加入润湿剂、消泡剂,中速分散20-40min;然后加入复合抗菌剂、溴化银-银/纳米硅、高速分散30-40min;加水调节粘度。
另一方面,本发明提供一种抗菌净味剂在室内空气净化的应用。实际应用时,包括对室内有毒气体净化,如甲醛、苯系物、氨气、总挥发有机物、二氧化硫、一氧化碳等有毒气体;还包括异味吸附,如室内烟臭、厕臭、垃圾臭、动物臭等异味,还包括对细菌、霉菌等保持稳定性、连续性杀菌、抑菌。
优选的,以涂刷、辊涂、浸涂或喷涂的方式将抗菌净味剂覆盖于基材表面。
有益效果:与现有技术相比,本发明环境适应性极好,在自然光、弱光或无光的条件下都具有明显的抗菌性,具有广谱、高效、快速的杀菌效果。对细菌、病毒杀灭率大部分在99%以上,真菌被抑制不能生长;并且在可见光下,能发挥优异的分解甲醛以及去除异味分子的作用,减少基材本身甲醛释放,净化和分解空气中的甲醛和异味分子,且能够在较长的时间内维持有效,可持续净化室内空气;原料无毒无副作用,安全环保。
附图说明
图1a和1b示出的纳米硅和银-溴化银/纳米硅的场发射扫描电子显微镜(FE-SEM)显微照片;
图2示出的是多壁碳管改性前后的TEM图;
图3示出的是多壁碳管改性前后的TGA谱图。
具体实施方式
为了使本发明的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚,下面结合具体实施例对本发明进行详细描述。在此,还需要说明的是,为了避免因不必要的细节而模糊了本发明,在具体实施例中仅仅示出了与本发明的方案密切相关的结构和/或处理步骤,而省略了与本发明关系不大的其他细节。
另外,还需要说明的是,术语“包括”、“包含”或者其任何其他变体意在涵盖非排他性的包含,从而使得包括一系列要素的过程、方法、物品或者设备不仅包括那些要素,而且还包括没有明确列出的其他要素,或者是还包括为这种过程、方法、物品或者设备所固有的要素。
实施例1抗菌净味剂
以重量份计,包括:8份溴化银-银/纳米硅、8份木霉菌素C4位酯内衍生物、10份载铜氧化锌纳米材料、32份月桂酸钠水凝胶、1份聚醚与二甲基硅氧烷接枝共聚物、0.5份改性聚二甲基硅氧、余量水;
木霉菌素C4位酯内衍生物的结构式为采用如下方法制备:将1.0g木霉菌素溶于20ml甲醇中,搅拌滴加8%的NaOH水溶液,反应15min,浓缩结晶得到(4R)-4-羟基木霉菌素;将0.8mol(4R)-4-羟基木霉菌素、0.8mol酸溶于10ml二氯甲烷,加入0.33g二环己基碳二亚胺、0.195gDMAP,室温下搅拌反应14-16h,反应液经稀盐酸、蒸馏水洗涤、干燥浓缩后,过柱分离得到。
载铜氧化锌纳米材料由以下方法制备:将多壁碳管置于体积比为1:3的硝酸/硫酸中,在80-90℃下超声分散1-2h后分离、洗涤、干燥,得到羧基化多壁碳管,取10mg羧基化多壁碳管分散于10mlDMF中,将溶于DMF中配成10%溶液后,加入丙烯酰胺的质量的0.3%wt的复合引发剂,复合引发剂为3:1的樟脑坤、甲基丙烯酸二甲氨乙酯,经预光照2.5min,在黑暗条件下,与多壁碳管分散液混合,丙烯酰胺单体与羧基化多壁碳管的质量比为350:1,超声混合5min后,在紫外照射下20min,接枝反应后,将产物过滤分离,经DMF、去离子水清洗,干燥制得改性多壁碳管;将改性多壁碳管加入0.5mol/L的硫酸锌溶液中,超声分散后,分离洗涤,再加入1.0mol/L碳酸钠溶液中,超声分散制得碳酸锌胶体,分离、洗涤、在280-350℃煅烧、研磨制得氧化锌/多壁碳管;将氧化锌/多壁碳管加入0.5mol/L的硫酸铜溶液中,搅拌12-24h,分离、洗涤、干燥、研磨制得载铜氧化锌纳米材料。
溴化银-银/纳米硅由以下方法制备:以单晶硅片为基材,采用水热腐蚀法形成柱形的硅纳米孔阵列,水热腐蚀法条件为:氢氟酸浓度为12mol/L,硝酸铁为0.04mol/L,在70℃,腐蚀5min;衬底上硅柱的孔径从柱顶的40±5nm到柱底的15±5nm,呈现逐渐减小的趋势,硅柱的尺寸范围为1.9-2.5nm,相邻两孔壁间距3-8μm,孔阵列区的厚度15-20μm;将纳米硅分散于去离子水中形成1%纳米硅悬浮液,搅拌加入硝酸银溶液,调节pH值为7,黑暗环境下搅拌4-7h,离心分离,干燥得到溴化银/纳米硅;将溴化银/纳米硅分散于去离子水中形成1%悬浮液,光照下搅拌1-1.5h,离心分离,干燥制得。
制备方法:将配方量的月桂酸钠水凝胶在50-60℃下加热,搅拌溶解,当混合液至透明时,搅拌速度3500转/分下,依次加入聚醚与二甲基硅氧烷接枝共聚物、改性聚二甲基硅氧烷,搅拌20-40min;搅拌速率提升至5500转/分,依次加入木霉菌素C4位酯内衍生物、载铜氧化锌纳米材料、溴化银-银/纳米硅,分散30-40min;将水溶液沿器壁慢慢注入调节粘度,以2000转/分持续搅拌,逐渐降温,搅拌60分钟降至室温,制备成品。
实施例2抗菌净味剂
以重量份计,包括:13份溴化银-银/纳米硅、4份木霉菌素C4位酯内衍生物、8份载铜氧化锌纳米材料、38份海藻酸钠水凝胶、3份聚醚与二甲基硅氧烷接枝共聚物、2份改性聚二甲基硅氧烷、余量水;
载铜氧化锌纳米材料由以下方法制备:将多壁碳管置于体积比为1:3的硝酸/硫酸中,在80-90℃下超声分散1-2h后分离、洗涤、干燥,得到羧基化多壁碳管,取10mg羧基化多壁碳管分散于10mlDMF中,将溶于DMF中配成10%溶液后,加入丙烯酰胺的质量的0.8%wt的复合引发剂,复合引发剂为3:1的樟脑坤、甲基丙烯酸二甲氨乙酯,经预光照1min,在黑暗条件下,与多壁碳管分散液混合,丙烯酰胺单体与羧基化多壁碳管的质量比为400:1,超声混合5min后,在紫外照射下40min,接枝反应后,将产物过滤分离,经DMF、去离子水清洗,干燥制得改性多壁碳管;将改性多壁碳管加入0.5mol/L的硫酸锌溶液中,超声分散后,分离洗涤,再加入1.0mol/L碳酸钠溶液中,超声分散制得碳酸锌胶体,分离、洗涤、在280-350℃煅烧、研磨制得氧化锌/多壁碳管;将氧化锌/多壁碳管加入0.5mol/L的硫酸铜溶液中,搅拌12-24h,分离、洗涤、干燥、研磨制得载铜氧化锌纳米材料。
溴化银-银/纳米硅由以下方法制备:以单晶硅片为基材,采用水热腐蚀法形成柱形的硅纳米孔阵列,水热腐蚀法条件为:氢氟酸浓度为12mol/L,硝酸铁为0.04mol/L,在70℃,腐蚀5min;衬底上硅柱的孔径从柱顶的40±5nm到柱底的15±5nm,呈现逐渐减小的趋势,硅柱的尺寸范围为1.9-2.5nm,相邻两孔壁间距3-8μm,孔阵列区的厚度15-20μm;将纳米硅分散于去离子水中形成1%纳米硅悬浮液,搅拌加入硝酸银溶液,调节pH值为7,黑暗环境下搅拌4-7h,离心分离,干燥得到溴化银/纳米硅;将溴化银/纳米硅分散于去离子水中形成1%悬浮液,光照下搅拌1-1.5h,离心分离,干燥制得。
制备方法与实施例1相同。
实施例3抗菌净味剂
以重量份计,包括:10份溴化银-银/纳米硅、6份木霉菌素C4位酯内衍生物、8份载铜氧化锌纳米材料、35份聚乙烯醇水凝胶、1.5份聚醚与二甲基硅氧烷接枝共聚物、1份改性聚二甲基硅氧烷、余量水;
载铜氧化锌纳米材料由以下方法制备:将多壁碳管置于体积比为1:3的硝酸/硫酸中,在80-90℃下超声分散1-2h后分离、洗涤、干燥,得到羧基化多壁碳管,取10mg羧基化多壁碳管分散于10mlDMF中,将溶于DMF中配成10%溶液后,加入丙烯酰胺的质量的0.4%wt的复合引发剂,复合引发剂为3:1的樟脑坤、甲基丙烯酸二甲氨乙酯,经预光照1.5min,在黑暗条件下,与多壁碳管分散液混合,丙烯酰胺单体与羧基化多壁碳管的质量比为380:1,超声混合5min后,在紫外照射下30min,接枝反应后,将产物过滤分离,经DMF、去离子水清洗,干燥制得改性多壁碳管;将改性多壁碳管加入0.5mol/L的硫酸锌溶液中,超声分散后,分离洗涤,再加入1.0mol/L碳酸钠溶液中,超声分散制得碳酸锌胶体,分离、洗涤、在280-350℃煅烧、研磨制得氧化锌/多壁碳管;将氧化锌/多壁碳管加入0.5mol/L的硫酸铜溶液中,搅拌12-24h,分离、洗涤、干燥、研磨制得载铜氧化锌纳米材料。
溴化银-银/纳米硅由以下方法制备:以单晶硅片为基材,采用水热腐蚀法形成柱形的硅纳米孔阵列,水热腐蚀法条件为:氢氟酸浓度为12mol/L,硝酸铁为0.04mol/L,在70℃,腐蚀5min;衬底上硅柱的孔径从柱顶的40±5nm到柱底的15±5nm,呈现逐渐减小的趋势,硅柱的尺寸范围为1.9-2.5nm,相邻两孔壁间距3-8μm,孔阵列区的厚度15-20μm;将纳米硅分散于去离子水中形成1%纳米硅悬浮液,搅拌加入硝酸银溶液,调节pH值为7,黑暗环境下搅拌4-7h,离心分离,干燥得到溴化银/纳米硅;将溴化银/纳米硅分散于去离子水中形成1%悬浮液,光照下搅拌1-1.5h,离心分离,干燥制得。
制备方法与实施例1相同。
实施例4抗菌净味剂
以重量份计,包括:12份溴化银-银/纳米硅、8份木霉菌素C4位酯内衍生物、8份载铜氧化锌纳米材料、36份聚乙烯醇水凝胶、2份聚醚与二甲基硅氧烷接枝共聚物、1.5份改性聚二甲基硅氧烷、余量水;
载铜氧化锌纳米材料由以下方法制备:将多壁碳管置于体积比为1:3的硝酸/硫酸中,在80-90℃下超声分散1-2h后分离、洗涤、干燥,得到羧基化多壁碳管,取10mg羧基化多壁碳管分散于10mlDMF中,将溶于DMF中配成10%溶液后,加入丙烯酰胺的质量的0.35%wt的复合引发剂,复合引发剂为3:1的樟脑坤、甲基丙烯酸二甲氨乙酯,经预光照3min,在黑暗条件下,与多壁碳管分散液混合,丙烯酰胺单体与羧基化多壁碳管的质量比为370:1,超声混合5min后,在紫外照射下30min,接枝反应后,将产物过滤分离,经DMF、去离子水清洗,干燥制得改性多壁碳管;将改性多壁碳管加入0.5mol/L的硫酸锌溶液中,超声分散后,分离洗涤,再加入1.0mol/L碳酸钠溶液中,超声分散制得碳酸锌胶体,分离、洗涤、在280-350℃煅烧、研磨制得氧化锌/多壁碳管;将氧化锌/多壁碳管加入0.5mol/L的硫酸铜溶液中,搅拌12-24h,分离、洗涤、干燥、研磨制得载铜氧化锌纳米材料。
溴化银-银/纳米硅由以下方法制备:以单晶硅片为基材,采用水热腐蚀法形成柱形的硅纳米孔阵列,水热腐蚀法条件为:氢氟酸浓度为15mol/L,硝酸铁为0.07mol/L,在170℃,腐蚀60min;衬底上硅柱的孔径从柱顶的40±5nm到柱底的15±5nm,呈现逐渐减小的趋势,硅柱的尺寸范围为4.0-4.5nm,相邻两孔壁间距20-25μm,孔阵列区的厚度2-10μm;将纳米硅分散于去离子水中形成3%纳米硅悬浮液,搅拌加入硝酸银溶液,调节pH值为9,黑暗环境下搅拌4-7h,离心分离,干燥得到溴化银/纳米硅;将溴化银/纳米硅分散于去离子水中形成3%悬浮液,光照下搅拌1-1.5h,离心分离,干燥制得。
制备方法与实施例1相同。
实施例5抗菌净味剂
以重量份计,包括:10份溴化银-银/纳米硅、15份木霉菌素C4位酯内衍生物、35份琼脂水凝胶、3份聚醚与二甲基硅氧烷接枝共聚物、2份改性聚二甲基硅氧烷、余量水;
载铜氧化锌纳米材料由以下方法制备:将多壁碳管置于体积比为1:3的硝酸/硫酸中,在80-90℃下超声分散1-2h后分离、洗涤、干燥,得到羧基化多壁碳管,取10mg羧基化多壁碳管分散于10mlDMF中,将溶于DMF中配成10%溶液后,加入丙烯酰胺的质量的0.3%wt的复合引发剂,复合引发剂为3:1的樟脑坤、甲基丙烯酸二甲氨乙酯,经预光照2min,在黑暗条件下,与多壁碳管分散液混合,丙烯酰胺单体与羧基化多壁碳管的质量比为400:1,超声混合5min后,在紫外照射下30min,接枝反应后,将产物过滤分离,经DMF、去离子水清洗,干燥制得改性多壁碳管;将改性多壁碳管加入0.5mol/L的硫酸锌溶液中,超声分散后,分离洗涤,再加入1.0mol/L碳酸钠溶液中,超声分散制得碳酸锌胶体,分离、洗涤、在280-350℃煅烧、研磨制得氧化锌/多壁碳管;将氧化锌/多壁碳管加入0.5mol/L的硫酸铜溶液中,搅拌12-24h,分离、洗涤、干燥、研磨制得载铜氧化锌纳米材料。
溴化银-银/纳米硅由以下方法制备:以单晶硅片为基材,采用水热腐蚀法形成柱形的硅纳米孔阵列,水热腐蚀法条件为:氢氟酸浓度为13mol/L,硝酸铁为0.05mol/L,在100℃,腐蚀60min;衬底上硅柱的孔径从柱顶的40±5nm到柱底的15±5nm,呈现逐渐减小的趋势,硅柱的尺寸范围为3-3.5nm,相邻两孔壁间距10-15μm,孔阵列区的厚度18-23μm;将纳米硅分散于去离子水中形成1.5%纳米硅悬浮液,搅拌加入硝酸银溶液,调节pH值为8,黑暗环境下搅拌4-7h,离心分离,干燥得到溴化银/纳米硅;将溴化银/纳米硅分散于去离子水中形成1.5%悬浮液,光照下搅拌1-1.5h,离心分离,干燥制得。
制备方法与实施例1相同。
实施例6抗菌净味剂
以重量份计,包括:10份溴化银-银/纳米硅、15份载铜氧化锌纳米材料、34份聚乙二醇水凝胶、2份聚醚与二甲基硅氧烷接枝共聚物、2份改性聚二甲基硅氧烷、余量水;
载铜氧化锌纳米材料由以下方法制备:将多壁碳管置于体积比为1:3的硝酸/硫酸中,在80-90℃下超声分散1-2h后分离、洗涤、干燥,得到羧基化多壁碳管,取10mg羧基化多壁碳管分散于10mlDMF中,将溶于DMF中配成10%溶液后,加入丙烯酰胺的质量的0.45%wt的复合引发剂,复合引发剂为3:1的樟脑坤、甲基丙烯酸二甲氨乙酯,经预光照2.5min,在黑暗条件下,与多壁碳管分散液混合,丙烯酰胺单体与羧基化多壁碳管的质量比为350:1,超声混合5min后,在紫外照射下20-40min,接枝反应后,将产物过滤分离,经DMF、去离子水清洗,干燥制得改性多壁碳管;将改性多壁碳管加入0.5mol/L的硫酸锌溶液中,超声分散后,分离洗涤,再加入1.0mol/L碳酸钠溶液中,超声分散制得碳酸锌胶体,分离、洗涤、在280-350℃煅烧、研磨制得氧化锌/多壁碳管;将氧化锌/多壁碳管加入0.5mol/L的硫酸铜溶液中,搅拌12-24h,分离、洗涤、干燥、研磨制得载铜氧化锌纳米材料。
溴化银-银/纳米硅由以下方法制备:以单晶硅片为基材,采用水热腐蚀法形成柱形的硅纳米孔阵列,水热腐蚀法条件为:氢氟酸浓度为15mol/L,硝酸铁为0.07mol/L,在150℃,腐蚀40min;衬底上硅柱的孔径从柱顶的40±5nm到柱底的15±5nm,呈现逐渐减小的趋势,硅柱的尺寸范围为3.8-4.2nm,相邻两孔壁间距16-23μm,孔阵列区的厚度8-15μm;将纳米硅分散于去离子水中形成2.5%纳米硅悬浮液,搅拌加入硝酸银溶液,调节pH值为8,黑暗环境下搅拌4-7h,离心分离,干燥得到溴化银/纳米硅;将溴化银/纳米硅分散于去离子水中形成2.5%悬浮液,光照下搅拌1-1.5h,离心分离,干燥制得。
制备方法与实施例1相同。
对比例1
在实施例1基础上,将溴化银-银/分子筛等量替换溴化银-银/纳米硅。
对比例2
在实施例2基础上,将天然硅等量替换溴化银-银/纳米硅。
对比例3
在实施例3基础上,将天然硅等量替换纳米硅。
对比例4
在实施例6基础上,将多壁碳管等量替换改性多壁碳管。
对本发明制备的抗菌净味剂进行如下测试:
(1)结构和成分测试(以实施例1为例):
图1a为纳米硅的FESEM图,观察发现纳米硅由大量规则排列、微米尺寸的硅柱组成;图1b为银-溴化银/纳米硅的FESEM照片,观察发现,样品的柱顶形成了由粒径较小的颗粒组成的薄膜,而柱间区域则为大量尺寸较为均匀、松散分布的纳米晶粒,可见溴化银的粒径和分散性很好,从EDS能谱得到各元素的质量百分比为:O为64.13%,Si为34.64%,Br为0.48%,Ag为0.75%,Ag的含量略大于Br,表明AgBr中的少量Ag+在可见光下被还原为Ag,使其表面Ag的含量大于Br。
图2为多壁碳管改性前后的TEM图,2a为改性前的多壁碳管,2b为改性后的多壁碳管,观察可以看到多壁碳管之间彼此不形成粘连,接枝率高。
图3为多壁碳管改性前后的TGA谱图,观察可以看到,接枝率达到25%。
(2)抗菌性:测试菌株采用大肠杆菌ATCC8739、金黄色葡萄球菌ATCC6538。采用抑菌圈法评价其抗菌性能,相关检测标准来源于AATCC90-1982《纤维的抗细菌性测定方法—平板培养基法》。抑菌圈法为定性试验方法,多用于对溶出性抑菌材料与含有溶出性抑菌材料产品的鉴定。利用抗菌材料不断溶解经琼脂扩散形成不同浓度梯度,以显示其抑菌作用;
(3)霉菌性:霉菌包括巴西曲霉ATCC9642,球毛壳霉ATCC6205,绿色木霉ATCC9645,出芽短梗霉ATCC15233,根据国家标准GB/T1741-1979(1989),以培养皿法(适用于使用小片试样检测涂料耐霉菌性能)进行防霉性能测试。将所制样品涂在已灭菌过的滤纸片上,经过3d紫外光照射后,平放在培养基表面。用喷雾器将菌种悬浮液均匀细密地喷在样扳上,稍晾干后,盖上皿盖。盖口注明试样、编号和日期,放入保温箱中保持在29℃~30℃培养;28d后检查样板表面生霉是否正常;
(4)杀灭病毒性:将涂层置于1m3的密闭空间内,控制涂层面积为1m2,将病毒喷洒至在涂层上方的空间内,1h后检测该空间内病毒杀灭率;测试结果如表1所示:
表1
(5)空气净化持久性:
空气净化持久性:在密封避光气候箱中模拟甲醛的污染浓度200μg/L的环境,将样品喷涂于密封避光气候箱中的0.1m×0.1m无纺布上,每个箱体内喷涂量相同,气候箱置于室内可见光环境中,使待测样品充分接收可见光,关闭气候箱盖并密封,底部气压平衡口连接至水箱,以保持采样时气候箱内的气压与污染气体浓度,开启对流风机,保持气候箱内各处气体浓度相等,通入污染气体至起始浓度后关闭进气口,进行检测,记录箱体内甲醛初始浓度,6h、24h、3d、7d、15d、30d后再次记录箱体内的甲醛浓度,计算甲醛清除率,测试结果如表2所示;
表2
最后说明的是,以上实施例仅用以说明本发明的技术方案而非限制,尽管参照较佳实施例对本发明进行了详细说明,本领域的普通技术人员应当理解,可以对本发明的技术方案进行修改或者等同替换,而不脱离本发明技术方案的宗旨和范围,其均应涵盖在本发明的权利要求范围当中。
Claims (12)
1.室内高效抗菌净味剂,其特征在于,以重量份计,包括:8-13份溴化银-银/纳米硅、12-18份复合抗菌剂、32-38份水凝胶、1-3份润湿剂、0.5-2份消泡剂、余量水;
所述溴化银-银/纳米硅为纳米硅片附载银-溴化银而成;
所述复合抗菌剂为木霉菌素C4位酯内衍生物和/或载铜氧化锌纳米材料。
3.根据权利要求1所述的室内高效抗菌净味剂,其特征在于所述载铜氧化锌纳米材料由以下方法制备:将改性多壁碳管加入0.5-0.8mol/L的硫酸锌溶液中,超声分散后,分离洗涤,再加入1.0-1.5mol/L碳酸钠溶液中,超声分散制得碳酸锌胶体,分离、洗涤、在280-350℃煅烧、研磨制得氧化锌/多壁碳管;将氧化锌/多壁碳管加入0.5-0.8mol/L的硫酸铜溶液中,搅拌12-24h,分离、洗涤、干燥、研磨制得。
4.根据权利要求3所述的室内高效抗菌净味剂,其特征在于所述改性多壁碳管由以下方法制备而成:将多壁碳管置于混酸中,超声分散1-2h后分离、洗涤、干燥,得到羧基化多壁碳管,然后将羧基化多壁碳管分散于DMF中,黑暗条件下,加入预光照的丙烯酰胺单体,丙烯酰胺与羧基化多壁碳管的质量比为(350-400):1,加入复合引发剂,复合引发剂为丙烯酰胺的质量的0.3-0.5%wt,在紫外照射下,搅拌反应20-40min,过滤分离,清洗、干燥制得。
5.根据权利要求3所述的室内高效抗菌净味剂,其特征在于:所述复合引发剂为质量比为3:1的樟脑坤、甲基丙烯酸二甲氨乙酯。
6.根据权利要求1所述的室内高效抗菌净味剂,其特征在于:所述溴化银-银/纳米硅催化剂由以下方法制备:将纳米硅分散于去离子水中形成1-3%纳米硅悬浮液,搅拌加入硝酸银溶液,调节pH值为7-9,黑暗环境下搅拌4-7h,离心分离,干燥得到溴化银/纳米硅;将溴化银/纳米硅分散于去离子水中形成1-3%悬浮液,光照下搅拌1-1.5h,离心分离,干燥制得。
7.根据权利要求8所述的室内高效抗菌净味剂,其特征在于:所述纳米硅为硅纳米孔阵列,硅柱上的孔径从柱顶的40±5nm到柱底的15±5nm,逐渐减小,硅柱的尺寸范围为1.9-4.5nm,孔阵列区的厚度2-20μm。
8.根据权利要求9所述的室内高效抗菌净味剂,其特征在于:所述水热腐蚀液为氢氟酸和硝酸铁的混合水溶液,其中氢氟酸浓度为12-15mol/L,硝酸铁为0.04-0.07mol/L。
9.根据权利要求1所述的室内高效抗菌净味剂,其特征在于:所述水凝胶为月桂酸钠水凝胶、海藻酸钠水凝胶、聚乙烯醇水凝胶、聚丙烯酰胺水凝胶、琼脂水凝胶、聚乙二醇水凝胶中的一种或两种以上的混合物。
10.一种权利要求1-11任一项所述的室内高效抗菌净味剂的制备方法,其特征在于包括以下步骤:将水凝胶加热溶解至透明时,加入润湿剂、消泡剂,中速分散20-40min;然后加入复合抗菌剂、溴化银-银/纳米硅、高速分散30-40min;加水调节粘度。
11.一种权利要求1-10所述的抗菌净味剂在室内空气净化除菌的应用。
12.根据权利要求11所述的应用,其特征在于:以涂刷、辊涂、浸涂或喷涂的方式将所述去除剂覆盖于基材表面。
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