CN115039550B - Late flowering cabbage recommendation fertilization method based on hyperspectral data inversion - Google Patents

Late flowering cabbage recommendation fertilization method based on hyperspectral data inversion Download PDF

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CN115039550B
CN115039550B CN202210776229.9A CN202210776229A CN115039550B CN 115039550 B CN115039550 B CN 115039550B CN 202210776229 A CN202210776229 A CN 202210776229A CN 115039550 B CN115039550 B CN 115039550B
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nitrogen
potassium
phosphorus
yield
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CN115039550A (en
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彭智平
黄继川
涂玉婷
于俊红
许杨贵
李珠娴
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Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment of Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
    • A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
    • A01C21/007—Determining fertilization requirements
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
    • Y02P60/20—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions in agriculture, e.g. CO2
    • Y02P60/21—Dinitrogen oxide [N2O], e.g. using aquaponics, hydroponics or efficiency measures

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Abstract

The invention discloses a slow-release flowering cabbage recommendation fertilization method based on hyperspectral data inversion, which is implemented practically, and has the advantages that the yield of main moss is increased by 14.2-30.7% compared with that of conventional fertilization, and the dosage of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers is saved by 14.2-17.8%. More importantly, the yield of the late vegetable heart and the fertilizing amount of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the early bolting stage can be determined according to spectral measurement inversion, so that the fertilizing amount in the whole growing period is totally controllable, and nutrient waste caused by random fertilization and empirical fertilization is avoided.

Description

Late flowering cabbage recommendation fertilization method based on hyperspectral data inversion
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of crop cultivation and planting, in particular to a slow vegetable heart recommended fertilization method based on hyperspectral data inversion.
Background
The late flowering cabbage is a special flowering cabbage strain in the south China (Guangdong, guangxi and Fujian), has a long growing period of about 120 days, is most transplanted in 11 months each year, and is planted with rice seeds in winter after rice harvesting to increase land yield. The yield of the agricultural products of the late vegetable heart is high, the yield of vegetable plants per mu reaches more than 3000 kg, and the market selling price reaches 3.0-5.0 yuan/kg because the special flavor of the vegetable plants is deeply welcome by consumers. At present, guangdong city-increasing late vegetable heart is a business card for village plain construction, and even state late vegetable heart and Boluo late vegetable heart are sign agricultural products for village-first-grade construction. Because of less research materials for the slow-release fertilization, most of the materials are in an empirical fertilization state, and a simplified fertilization technology and method are urgently needed to be developed.
The existing scientific fertilization is formulated based on soil testing formula technology, and needs multi-point and multi-manufactured soil testing and field testing, and a great deal of time is consumed for completing soil testing. In addition, since the late vegetable heart is not a large crop, the related research results are less,
liu Gonggong et al (2020) summarize the farmer planting city-increasing slow-release heart-high-yield cultivation method. The local standard DB 44/T1256-2013 geographic marking product, namely the great-city-increasing late vegetable heart, provides a fertilizing method mainly used for harvesting main vegetable moss, adopts organic fertilizer as a base fertilizer and adopts 7500kg/hm organic fertilizer as a main fertilizer 2 To 15000kg/hm 2 (which is reduced to 500 kg/mu to 1000 kg/mu), and the fertilizer and soil are fully and uniformly mixed during soil preparation; topdressing takes fertilizer as main material, and pure nitrogen of the fertilizer is less than or equal to 200kg/hm 2 (equivalent to N13.3 kg/mu), the fertilization technology mainly summarizes the fertilization experience of local high-yield farmers.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention aims to provide a slow vegetable heart recommended fertilization method based on hyperspectral data inversion.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme:
it should be noted that the recommended fertilization amount unit at each period of the present invention is kg/mu.
A slow-release flowering cabbage recommendation fertilization method based on hyperspectral data inversion, the method comprising:
s1, counting local late vegetable heart parameters: according to nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium nutrient analysis data of the local high-yield slow-release flowering cabbage, calculating nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium absorption of an upper nutrient in a harvest period of the main moss of the slow-release flowering cabbage, wherein the nitrogen absorption is DN, the phosphorus absorption is DP, and the potassium absorption is DK; the estimation value of the yield of the overground part of the main moss of the late flowering cabbage in the harvest period is HW, and the planting density is d when the planting is made;
s2, measuring the reflectivity of dry soil at 560-580nm by using a near infrared hyperspectral instrument, calculating the predicted content POM of soil organic matters, wherein the calculated POM is high-yield rice soil when more than or equal to 3 percent, medium-yield rice soil when more than or equal to 1 percent and less than 3 percent, and low-yield rice soil when less than 1 percent; according to field test experience, the proportion (ZB) of the non-fertilizing yield of the late flowering cabbage planted in the high-yield rice soil to the fertilizing yield is 0.28, the ZB of the medium-yield rice soil is 0.20, and the ZB of the low-yield rice soil is 0.12;
s3, calculating the estimated fertilizing amount of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium when the main moss of the late flowering cabbage is harvested; wherein, the calculation formula of the nitrogen estimated fertilization amount GN is as follows: gn=dn (1-ZB)/0.3 in kgN/mu; the calculation formula of the phosphorus estimation fertilization amount GP is as follows: gn=dp (1-ZB)/0.2 in kgP 2 O 5 Per mu; the calculation formula of the potassium estimated fertilization amount GK is as follows: gk=dk (1-ZB)/0.4 in kgK 2 O/mu; the estimated fertilizing amount of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium can be used as the control amount for preventing excessive fertilization;
s4, calculating the use amount of the base fertilizer; the method for determining the using amount of the organic fertilizer comprises the following steps: when ZB is more than or equal to 0.2, the dosage of the organic fertilizer is 800 kg/mu; when ZB is less than 0.2, the dosage of the organic fertilizer is 1000 kg/mu; based on JY, W and N) P of organic fertilizer 2 O 5 And K is potassium 2 The dry matter content of O is calculated, and the amount of nitrogen JN, phosphorus JP and potassium JK provided by the applied organic fertilizer is calculated as follows: jn=jy (1-W/100) n/100, jp=jy (1-W/100) p/100, jk=jy (1-W/100) k/100;
s5, determining the dosage of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the green-returning period: the leaf after the seedling stage of the slow flowering cabbage returns to the green state, and the dosages of nitrogen HN, phosphorus HP and potassium HK are determined according to the following calculation formula: hn=gn 0.3-JN, hp=gp 0.3-JP, hk=gk 0.3-JK; to prevent lack of fertilizer, when the calculated HN is less than 2, correcting to 2; when the calculated HP is less than 0.5, the correction is 0.5; when the calculated HK is smaller than 1, correcting to be 1;
s6, determining the fertilizing amount of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the early growth stage: the amounts of nitrogen ZN, phosphorus ZP and potassium ZK are determined according to the following calculation formula:
ZN＝(GN-JN-HN)*0.4；
ZP＝(GP-JP-HP)*0.4；
ZK＝(GK-JK-HK)*0.4；
s7, determining the fertilizing amount of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the early bolting stage; inversion calculation is carried out on the dry weight HDW of the overground parts by utilizing the measured value of a near infrared spectrometer of the canopy of the late vegetable heart, and the ratio RD of the dry weight of the overground parts of the late vegetable heart to the dry yield of the whole growth period is calculated, namely RD=HDW/(HW is 0.05 x 1000/d), wherein d is the planting density of the late vegetable heart, HW is the estimated value of the yield of the overground parts of the main moss of the late vegetable heart in the harvest period, and 0.05 is the coefficient of conversion of fresh matters into dry matters; the fertilizing amount of nitrogen LN, phosphorus LP and potassium LK in the early bolting stage is formulated according to the calculation result of RD, namely:
when RD is more than or equal to 0.30, LN= (GN-JN-HN) 0.2, LP= (GP-JP-HP) 0.2, LK= (GK-JK-HK) 0.2;
when RD is 0.25 less than or equal to 0.30, ln= (GN-JN-HN) 0.25, lp= (GP-JP-HP) 0.25, lk= (GK-JK-HK) 0.25;
when RD <0.25, ln= (GN-JN-HN) ×0.3, lp= (GP-JP-HP) ×0.3, lk= (GK-JK-HK) ×0.3.
In the step S2, the predicted content POM of the soil organic matter is calculated according to a regression equation of hyperspectral measurement data of a large number of soil samples and statistics of actual measurement values of the soil organic matter, and the formula is pom= -0.9485-5.1615lgR, wherein the unit of POM is represented by the unit of POM, and lg is calculated by logarithm based on 10.
In the step S7, the reflectance of the top layers of the late flowering cabbage 445nm, 705nm and 750nm was measured by a near infrared hyperspectral spectrometer, the corresponding values were R445, R705 and R750, and the relationship between the dry matter mass HDW of the aerial parts of the individual plants of the late flowering cabbage and the measured values of the reflectance was obtained by statistics from a large number of measured values:
HDW＝0.201+3.025*(R750-R445)/(R705-R445)。
the invention has the beneficial effects of overcoming the adverse factors of long period, high cost and the like of the traditional soil measurement and plant measurement fertilization, and has the characteristics of easy operation, easy popularization, low cost and the like, thereby being a scientific and accurate multielement balanced fertilization method. Meanwhile, the invention is beneficial to the farmers to get rid of the defect of empirical fertilization, and the fertilization amount is scientifically determined, so that the full and non-waste fertilization is realized, and the fertilization is realized due to the growth condition of crops. The application of the invention has positive effects on reducing fertilizer waste, improving nutrient utilization rate, improving agricultural ecological environment, improving crop yield and quality and the like. Importantly, the method can accurately determine the fertilizing amount of each period to carry out scientific fertilization. And (3) application results show that: the yield of the main moss of the late vegetable cores is increased by 14.2 to 30.7 percent compared with that of the main moss of the late vegetable cores which are used for fertilizer application, and the dosage of the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer is saved by 14.2 to 17.8 percent. More importantly, the yield of the late vegetable heart and the fertilizing amount of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the early bolting stage can be determined according to spectral measurement inversion, so that the fertilizing amount in the whole growing period is totally controllable, and nutrient waste caused by random fertilization and empirical fertilization is avoided.
Detailed Description
The following description of the present invention will further illustrate the present invention, and the following examples are provided on the premise of the present technical solution, and the detailed implementation and the specific operation procedure are given, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited to the present examples.
The invention relates to a slow-release flowering cabbage recommendation fertilization method based on hyperspectral data inversion, which comprises the following steps:
1. counting local late vegetable heart parameters: according to the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium nutrient analysis data of the local high-yield late flowering cabbage, the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium absorption capacity (kg/mu) of the upper part nutrient of the main tongue fur of the late flowering cabbage in the harvest period is calculated, wherein the nitrogen absorption capacity is DN, the phosphorus absorption capacity is DP, and the potassium absorption capacity is DK. The estimated value of the yield of the overground part of the main moss of the late flowering cabbage in the harvest period is HW (kg/mu), and the planting density is d.
2. Measuring the reflectivity of the dry soil by using a near infrared hyperspectral meter, and calculating the predicted content of soil organic matters; the method comprises the steps of calculating the predicted content (POM) of soil organic matters according to a regression equation summarized by mass measurement, wherein the formula is POM= -0.9485-5.1615lgR, the calculated POM is high-yield rice soil when more than or equal to 3%, medium-yield rice soil when more than or equal to 1% and less than 3%, and low-yield rice soil when more than or equal to 1%; according to field test experience, the proportion (ZB) of the non-fertilizing yield (i.e. the soil fertility yield) of the late vegetable seeds planted in the high-yield rice soil to the fertilizing yield is 0.28, the ZB of the medium-yield rice soil is 0.20, and the ZB of the low-yield rice soil is 0.12.
3. Calculating the estimated fertilizing amount of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium when the main moss of the late flowering cabbage is harvested: wherein, the calculation formula of the nitrogen estimation fertilization amount (GN) is as follows: gn=dn (1-ZB)/0.3 in kgN/mu; the calculation formula of the phosphorus estimation fertilization amount (GP) is as follows: gn=dp (1-ZB)/0.2 in kgP2O 5/mu; the calculation formula of the potassium estimated fertilization amount (GK) is as follows: gk=dk (1-ZB)/0.4 in kgK 2O/mu. The estimated fertilizing amount of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium can be used as the control dosage for preventing excessive fertilization.
4. Determining the using amount of the base fertilizer: the cultivation experience shows that the base fertilizer is only applied with commercial organic fertilizer. The method for determining the use amount of the organic fertilizer is that when ZB is more than or equal to 0.2, the use amount of the organic fertilizer is 800 kg/mu, and when ZB is less than 0.2, the use amount of the organic fertilizer is 1000 kg/mu. According to the dosage (JY, kg/mu), the moisture content (W,%) and the dry matter content (N, P, K, unit%) of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P2O 5) and potassium (K2O) of the organic fertilizer, the amounts (JN, JP and JK, unit kg/mu) of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium provided by the applied organic fertilizer are calculated, and the calculation formula is as follows: jn=jy (1-W/100) n/100, jp=jy (1-W/100) p/100, jk=jy (1-W/100) k/100.
5. Determining the dosage of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the green returning period: the leaf blade after the seedling stage of the slow flowering cabbage returns to the green state, and the dosages of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium (HN, HP and HK respectively, unit kg/mu) are determined according to the following calculation formula: hn=gn 0.3-JN, hp=gp 0.3-JP, hk=gk 0.3-JK. To prevent starvation, the calculated HN is less than 2, corrected to 2. The calculated HP was less than 0.5, corrected to 0.5. The calculated HK is less than 1, corrected to 1.
6. The fertilizing amount of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the early growth period (20-25 days after transplanting) is determined: the dosage of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium (ZN, ZP and ZK, respectively, in kg/mu) is determined according to the following calculation formula: zn= (GN-JN-HN) 0.4, zp= (GP-JP-HP) 0.4, zk= (GK-JK-HK) 0.4.
7. Determining the fertilizing amount of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the early bolting stage: the late flowering cabbage needs a large amount of nutrients, and is easy to cause fertilizer shortage or excessive fertilization. The invention uses a near infrared hyperspectral instrument to measure the reflectances (R445, R705 and R750 respectively) of the top layers 445nm, 705nm and 750nm of the late flowering cabbage plants, and carries out statistical operation according to a large amount of data to obtain the relation between the dry matter mass (HDW, unit gram/plant) of the overground parts of the individual late flowering cabbage plants and the reflectances as follows: hdw=0.201+3.025 (r750—r445)/(r705—r445). The calculation formula of the proportion (RD) of the dry matter yield of the overground parts of the late flowering cabbage in the whole growth period in the period is as follows: rd=hdw/(HW 0.05×1000/d), where d is the planting density of the late flowering cabbage, unit is plant/mu, HW is the estimation of the yield of the upper part of the late flowering cabbage in harvest period (kg/mu), and 0.05 is the coefficient of fresh to dry conversion.
The fertilizing amounts (LN, LP and LK, respectively) of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the early bolting stage are mainly formulated according to the calculation result of RD, if RD is more than or equal to 0.3, LN= (GN-JN-HN) 0.2, LP= (GP-JP-HP) 0.2 and LK= (GK-JK-HK) 0.2; if 0.25.ltoreq.RD <0.30, LN= (GN-JN-HN) 0.25, LP= (GP-JP-HP) 0.25, LK= (GK-JK-HK) 0.25; if RD <0.25, ln= (GN-JN-HN) ×0.3, lp= (GP-JP-HP) ×0.3, lk= (GK-JK-HK) ×0.3. The law that the larger the growth amount is, the smaller the fertilization amount is reflected, and the accumulated fertilization amount is controlled within the values of the estimated fertilization amounts (GN, GP and GK) of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, so that the fertilization is quantized and controllable.
8. After the main moss of the late flowering cabbage is harvested, tender buds (auxiliary moss) are also extracted from the base parts of the upper leaves, if the main moss needs to be harvested, 2kg of nitrogen is applied to each mu after the main moss is harvested (the amount of pure nitrogen contained in the simple substance fertilizer or the compound fertilizer is calculated), and 1-2kg of nitrogen is applied to each mu when the next auxiliary moss needs to be harvested for each auxiliary moss harvest, so that the auxiliary moss of the late flowering cabbage can be used as nutrient supplement for the growth of the auxiliary moss of the late flowering cabbage.
Example 1
Late flowering cabbage is planted by professional cooperation in a certain town of the city of Lian, guangdong province, local varieties are planted after the late rice is harvested, the planting density (d) is 3000 plants/mu, the estimated value (HW) of the biological yield of the overground part of the main moss harvest period of the high-yield field in the past year is 2600 kg/mu, the converted dry matter yield is 130 kg/mu, and the yield of the auxiliary moss can reach 2200 kg/mu. According to the analysis data conversion of the dry matter content of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium on the overground parts, the nitrogen absorption capacity (DN) of the main coating and the auxiliary coating is 16.4kg N mu, the phosphorus absorption capacity (DP) is 8.7kg P2O 5/mu, and the potassium absorption capacity (DK) is 24.5kg/N mu.
The reflectivity (R) of dry soil at 560-580nm is measured by a near infrared hyperspectral instrument, the average value of 6 soil measurement is 0.3065, the predicted content (POM, unit%) of soil organic matters is calculated according to a regression equation summarized by mass measurement, the formula is POM= -0.9485-5.1615lgR, POM= 1.702%, since POM is less than or equal to 1% and less than 3%, the soil is medium-yield paddy soil, and the proportion (ZB) of the slow-planting yield (i.e. the soil fertility yield) of high-yield paddy soil planting to the fertilizer yield is 0.20 according to field test experience.
Calculating the estimated fertilizing amount of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium when the main moss of the late flowering cabbage is harvested: wherein, the calculation formula of the nitrogen estimation fertilization amount (GN) is as follows: gn=dn (1-ZB)/0.3, resulting in 35.84 kgN/mu; the calculation formula of the phosphorus estimation fertilization amount (GP) is as follows: gn=dp (1-ZB)/0.2, resulting in 16.84kg p2o 5/mu; the calculation formula of the potassium estimated fertilization amount (GK) is as follows: gk=dk (1-ZB)/0.4, resulting in 40.32kg k2 o/mu. The estimated fertilizing amount of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium can be used as the control dosage for preventing excessive fertilization.
Determining the using amount of the base fertilizer: because ZB=0.2, the recommended commodity organic fertilizer dosage JY is 800 kg/mu, and the soil is mixed and spread out 5 days before the transplanting of the late vegetable cores, and then raked and turned over. The measurement result of the commercial organic fertilizer is that the moisture (W) is 20%, the dry matter nitrogen content (N), n=1.2%, the dry matter phosphorus content (P2O 5), p=0.8%, the dry matter potassium content (K2O), and k=2.2%. The amounts of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium provided by the organic fertilizer are respectively as follows: jn=7.68 kgN/mu, jp=5.12 kgp2o5/mu, jk=14.08 kgk2o/mu.
Determining the dosage of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the green returning period: the leaf after the seedling stage of the slow flowering cabbage returns to the green state, and the dosages of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium (HN, HP and HK respectively, in kg/mu) are determined according to the following calculation formula: hn=gn 0.3-JN, hp=gp 0.3-JP, hk=gk 0.3-JK. To prevent starvation, the calculated HN is less than 2, corrected to 2. The calculated HP was less than 0.5, corrected to 0.5. The calculated HK is less than 1, corrected to 1. The calculated results are hn=6.65 kgN/mu, hp=2.89 kgp2o5/mu, hk=1 kgk2o/mu, where HK is the corrected result. 44.3 kg/mu of compound fertilizer (15-4-2) can be used, and after 100 times of water is dissolved, the periphery of the vegetable center seedling is drenched.
The fertilizing amount of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the early growth period (20-25 days after transplanting) is determined: the method is determined according to the following calculation formula: zn= (GN-JN-HN) 0.4, zp= (GP-JP-HP) 0.4, zk= (GK-JK-HK) 0.4. The calculation result is as follows: zn=12.24 kg n/mu, zp=9.74 kg p2o 5/mu, zk=13.56 kg k2 o/mu. The compound fertilizer (15-11-16) can be used with the dosage of 81.6 kg/mu, and the compound fertilizer is dissolved and sprayed by 50 times of water.
The reflectivity of 445nm, 705nm and 750nm of the canopy of the late flowering cabbage plant is measured by a near infrared hyperspectral instrument in the early bolting stage, and the average value of 20 measurement results is as follows: r445=0.135, r705=0.335, r750=0.686. The research shows that the relation between the dry matter mass (HDW, unit gram/plant) of the overground part of the single plant of the late flowering cabbage and the reflectivity is as follows: hdw=0.201+3.025 (r750—r445)/(r705—r445). Substituting the above values to obtain hdw= 8.533 g, the calculation formula of the Ratio (RD) of the dry matter yield of the overground parts of the late flowering cabbage per mu to the dry matter yield in the whole growth period is as follows: rd=hdw/(HW 0.05×1000/d), where d is the planting density of the late flowering cabbage, unit is plant/mu, HW is the estimation of the yield of the upper part of the late flowering cabbage in harvest period (kg/mu), and 0.05 is the coefficient of fresh to dry conversion. Substituting the value gives rd=0.197.
The fertilizing amounts (LN, LP and LK, respectively) of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the early bolting stage are mainly formulated according to the calculation result of RD, if RD is more than or equal to 0.3, LN= (GN-JN-HN) 0.2, LP= (GP-JP-HP) 0.2 and LK= (GK-JK-HK) 0.2; if 0.25 is less than or equal to RD <0.30, LN= (GN-JN-HN) 0.25, LP= (GP-JP-HP) 0.25, LK= (GK-JK-HK) 0.25; if RD <0.25, ln= (GN-JN-HN) ×0.3, lp= (GP-JP-HP) ×0.3, lk= (GK-JK-HK) ×0.3. In this embodiment, since rd=0.132 is smaller than 0.25, ln=6.45 kgN/mu is obtained after selecting the calculation formula, lp=3.03 kgp2o5/mu, and lk=7.57 kgk2o/mu. The compound fertilizer (15-7-17) can be used with the dosage of 43 kg/mu, and the compound fertilizer is dissolved and sprayed by adding water 50 times during use.
The organic fertilizer is 800kg, nitrogen (N) is 24.1kg, phosphorus (P2O 5) is 18.0kg, potassium (K2O) is 22.1kg, and the total fertilizer nutrient consumption is 64.3 kg/mu.
After the main moss of the late flowering cabbage is harvested, tender buds (auxiliary moss) can be extracted from the base parts of the upper leaves, if the main moss needs to be harvested, 2kg (4.3 kg/mu of urea) of nitrogen is applied per mu after the main moss is harvested, and if the next batch of auxiliary moss needs to be harvested, 1-2kg of nitrogen is applied per mu.
In the embodiment, the yield of the main moss in the harvest period is 1535 kg/mu, and the yield of the overground part is 2896 kg/mu. The total amount of fertilizer nutrients is 75 kg/mu, and 500kg of organic fertilizer, 32kg of nitrogen (N), 18kg of phosphorus (P2O 5), 25kg of potassium (K2O) are used for each mu of the local fertilization measure. Main moss yield 1344 kg/mu in the main moss harvesting period and overground yield 2440 kg/mu. Compared with the yield of the main moss in the harvest period of the local fertilization main moss, the yield of the main moss in the harvest period of the local fertilization main moss is increased by 14.2%, the yield of the overground part is increased by 18.6%, and the fertilizer consumption is reduced by 14.2%.
Example 2
The method is characterized in that late vegetable cores are planted by vegetable planting companies in a certain town of Huizhou city in Guangdong province, local varieties are planted after ginger is harvested, the planting density (d) is 2300 plants/mu, the estimated value (HW) of the biological yield of the overground part of a main moss harvesting period of a local high-yield field in the past year is 4064 kg/mu, the converted dry matter yield is 264 kg/mu, and the yield of the auxiliary moss can reach 1800 kg/mu. According to the analysis data conversion of the dry matter content of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium on the overground parts, the nitrogen absorption capacity (DN) of the main coating and the auxiliary coating is 11.8kg N/mu, the phosphorus absorption capacity (DP) is 5.25kg P2O 5/mu, and the potassium absorption capacity (DK) is 28.3kg K2O/mu.
The reflectivity (R) of dry soil at 560-580nm is measured by a near infrared hyperspectral instrument, the average value of 6 soil measurement is 0.4065, the predicted content (POM, unit%) of soil organic matters is calculated according to a regression equation summarized by mass measurement, the formula is POM= -0.9485-5.1615lgR, the POM=1.063% is obtained, since the POM is more than or equal to 1% and less than or equal to 3%, the rice soil is produced in the middle, and the rice soil ZB produced in the proportion (ZB) of the slow-planting flowering cabbage non-fertilizing yield (namely the soil fertility yield) of the high-yield rice soil accounting for the fertilizing yield is 0.20 according to the field test experience.
Calculating the estimated fertilizing amount of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium when the main moss of the late flowering cabbage is harvested: wherein, the calculation formula of the nitrogen estimation fertilization amount (GN) is as follows: gn=dn (1-ZB)/0.3, resulting in 31.5 kgN/mu; the calculation formula of the phosphorus estimation fertilization amount (GP) is as follows: gn=dp (1-ZB)/0.2, resulting in 21.0kg p2o 5/mu; the calculation formula of the potassium estimated fertilization amount (GK) is as follows: gk=dk (1-ZB)/0.4, resulting in 56.6kg k2 o/mu. The estimated fertilizing amount of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium can be used as the control dosage for preventing excessive fertilization.
Determining the using amount of the base fertilizer: because ZB=0.2, the recommended commodity organic fertilizer dosage JY is 800 kg/mu, and the soil is mixed and spread out 5 days before the transplanting of the late vegetable cores, and then raked and turned over. The measurement results of the commercial organic fertilizer were moisture (W) 20%, dry nitrogen content (N), n=1.5%, dry phosphorus content (P2O 5), p=0.6%, dry potassium content (K2O), and k=1.9%. The amounts of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium provided by the organic fertilizer are respectively as follows: jn=7.20 kgN/mu, jp=2.88 kgp2o5/mu, jk=9.12kgk2o/mu.
Determining the dosage of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the green returning period: the leaf after the seedling stage of the slow flowering cabbage returns to the green state, and the dosages of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium (HN, HP and HK respectively, in kg/mu) are determined according to the following calculation formula: hn=gn 0.3-JN, hp=gp 0.3-JP, hk=gk 0.3-JK. To prevent starvation, the calculated HK was less than 2, corrected to 2. The calculated HP was less than 0.5, corrected to 0.5. The calculated HN is less than 2, corrected to 2, HK is less than 1, corrected to 1. The calculated results are hn=2.0 kgN/mu, hp=2.46 kgp2o5/mu, hk=1 kgk2o/mu, where HK is the corrected result. 13.3 kg/mu of compound fertilizer (15-18-7) can be used, and after 100 times of water is dissolved, the periphery of the vegetable center seedling is drenched.
The fertilizing amount of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the early growth period (20-25 days after transplanting) is determined: the method is determined according to the following calculation formula: zn= (GN-JN-HN) 0.4, zp= (GP-JP-HP) 0.4, zk= (GK-JK-HK) 0.4. The calculation result is as follows: zn=7.94 kg n/mu, zp=5.88 kg p2o 5/mu, zk=17.37 kg k2 o/mu. The compound fertilizer (15-10-32) can be used, the dosage is 52.9 kg/mu, and the compound fertilizer is dissolved and sprayed by adding water 50 times when in use.
The reflectivity of 445nm, 705nm and 750nm of the canopy of the late flowering cabbage plant is measured by a near infrared hyperspectral instrument in the early bolting stage, and the average value of 20 measurement results is as follows: r445=0.148, r705=0.314, r750=0.779. The research shows that the relation between the dry matter mass (HDW, unit gram/plant) of the overground part of the single plant of the late flowering cabbage and the reflectivity is as follows: hdw=0.201+3.025 (r750—r445)/(r705—r445). Substituting the above values to obtain hdw= 11.698 g, the calculation formula of the Ratio (RD) of the dry matter yield of the overground parts of the late flowering cabbage per mu to the dry matter yield in the whole growth period is as follows: rd=hdw/(HW 0.05×1000/d), where d is the planting density of the late flowering cabbage, unit is plant/mu, HW is the estimation of the yield of the upper part of the late flowering cabbage in harvest period (kg/mu), and 0.05 is the coefficient of fresh to dry conversion. Substituting the value gives rd=0.132.
The fertilizing amounts (LN, LP and LK, respectively) of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the early bolting stage are mainly formulated according to the calculation result of RD, if RD is more than or equal to 0.3, LN= (GN-JN-HN) 0.2, LP= (GP-JP-HP) 0.2 and LK= (GK-JK-HK) 0.2; if 0.25 is less than or equal to RD <0.30, LN= (GN-JN-HN) 0.25, LP= (GP-JP-HP) 0.25, LK= (GK-JK-HK) 0.25; if RD <0.25, ln= (GN-JN-HN) ×0.3, lp= (GP-JP-HP) ×0.3, lk= (GK-JK-HK) ×0.3. In this embodiment, since rd=0.132 is smaller than 0.25, ln=5.96 kgN/mu is obtained after selecting the calculation formula, lp=4.41 kgp2o5/mu, and lk=13.03 kgk2o/mu. The compound fertilizer (15-10-32) can be used with the dosage of 39.7 kg/mu, and the compound fertilizer is dissolved and sprayed by adding water 50 times when in use.
In the embodiment, 800kg of organic fertilizer, 17.6kg of nitrogen (N), 13.7kg of phosphorus (P2O 5), 33.5kg of potassium (K2O) and 60.0 kg/mu of total fertilizer nutrient are used for harvesting main moss per mu.
After the main moss of the late flowering cabbage is harvested, tender buds (auxiliary moss) can be extracted from the base parts of the upper leaves, if the main moss needs to be harvested, 2kg (4.3 kg/mu of urea) of nitrogen is applied per mu after the main moss is harvested, and if the next batch of auxiliary moss needs to be harvested, 1-2kg of nitrogen is applied per mu.
In the embodiment, the yield of the main moss in the main moss harvesting period is 1338 kg/mu, and the yield of the overground parts is 4673 kg/mu. The total amount of fertilizer nutrients is 73 kg/mu, and 500kg of organic fertilizer, 25kg of nitrogen (N), 18kg of phosphorus (P2O 5), 30kg of potassium (K2O) are used for each mu of the local fertilization measure. The yield of the main moss in the harvest period is 1023 kg/mu, and the yield of the overground part is 4061 kg/mu. Compared with the local fertilizer application, the yield of the main moss in the harvest period of the main moss is increased by 30.7%, the yield of the overground part is increased by 15.07%, and the fertilizer consumption is reduced by 17.8%.
Various modifications and variations of the present invention will be apparent to those skilled in the art in light of the foregoing teachings and are intended to be included within the scope of the following claims.

Claims (3)

1. A slow-release flowering cabbage recommendation fertilization method based on hyperspectral data inversion, the method comprising:
s1, counting local late vegetable heart parameters: according to nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium nutrient analysis data of the local high-yield slow-release flowering cabbage, calculating nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium absorption of an upper nutrient in a harvest period of the main moss of the slow-release flowering cabbage, wherein the nitrogen absorption is DN, the phosphorus absorption is DP, and the potassium absorption is DK; the estimation value of the yield of the overground part of the main moss of the late flowering cabbage in the harvest period is HW, and the planting density is d when the planting is made;
s2, measuring the reflectivity R of dry soil at 560-580nm by using a near infrared hyperspectral instrument, calculating the predicted content POM of soil organic matters, wherein the calculated POM is high-yield rice soil when more than or equal to 3 percent, medium-yield rice soil when more than or equal to 1 percent and less than 3 percent, and low-yield rice soil when less than 1 percent; according to field test experience, the proportion (ZB) of the non-fertilizing yield of the late flowering cabbage planted in the high-yield rice soil to the fertilizing yield is 0.28, the ZB of the medium-yield rice soil is 0.20, and the ZB of the low-yield rice soil is 0.12;
s3, calculating the estimated fertilizing amount of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium when the main moss of the late flowering cabbage is harvested; wherein, the calculation formula of the nitrogen estimated fertilization amount GN is as follows: gn=dn (1-ZB)/0.3 in kgN/mu; the calculation formula of the phosphorus estimation fertilization amount GP is as follows: gp=dp (1-ZB)/0.2 in kgP 2 O 5 Per mu; the calculation formula of the potassium estimated fertilization amount GK is as follows: gk=dk (1-ZB)/0.4 in kgK 2 O/mu; the estimated fertilizing amount of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium can be used as the control amount for preventing excessive fertilization;
s4, calculating the use amount of the base fertilizer; the method for determining the using amount of the organic fertilizer comprises the following steps: when ZB is more than or equal to 0.2, the dosage of the organic fertilizer is 800 kg/mu; when ZB is less than 0.2, the dosage of the organic fertilizer is 1000 kg/mu; based on JY, W and N P of organic fertilizer 2 O 5 And K is potassium 2 The dry matter content of O is calculated, and the amount of nitrogen JN, phosphorus JP and potassium JK provided by the applied organic fertilizer is calculated as follows: jn=jy (1-W/100) n/100, jp=jy (1-W/100) p/100, jk=jy (1-W/100) k/100; wherein n is the nitrogen content of the dry matter, p is the phosphorus content of the dry matter, and k is the potassium content of the dry matter;
s5, determining the dosage of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the green-returning period: the leaf after the seedling stage of the slow flowering cabbage returns to the green state, and the dosages of nitrogen HN, phosphorus HP and potassium HK are determined according to the following calculation formula: hn=gn 0.3-JN, hp=gp 0.3-JP, hk=gk 0.3-JK; to prevent lack of fertilizer, when the calculated HN is less than 2, correcting to 2; when the calculated HP is less than 0.5, the correction is 0.5; when the calculated HK is smaller than 1, correcting to be 1;
s6, determining the fertilizing amount of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the early growth stage: the amounts of nitrogen ZN, phosphorus ZP and potassium ZK are determined according to the following calculation formula:
ZN=（GN-JN-HN）*0.4；
ZP=（GP-JP-HP）*0.4；
ZK=（GK-JK-HK）*0.4；
s7, determining the fertilizing amount of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the early bolting stage; inversion calculation is carried out on the dry weight HDW of the overground parts by utilizing the measured value of a near infrared spectrometer of the canopy of the late vegetable heart, and the ratio RD of the dry weight of the overground parts of the late vegetable heart to the dry yield of the whole growth period is calculated, namely RD=HDW/(HW is 0.05 x 1000/d), wherein d is the planting density of the late vegetable heart, HW is the estimated value of the yield of the overground parts of the main moss of the late vegetable heart in the harvest period, and 0.05 is the coefficient of conversion of fresh matters into dry matters; the fertilizing amount of nitrogen LN, phosphorus LP and potassium LK in the early bolting stage is formulated according to the calculation result of RD, namely:
when RD is more than or equal to 0.30, LN= (GN-JN-HN) 0.2, LP= (GP-JP-HP) 0.2, LK= (GK-JK-HK) 0.2;
when RD is 0.25 less than or equal to 0.30, ln= (GN-JN-HN) 0.25, lp= (GP-JP-HP) 0.25, lk= (GK-JK-HK) 0.25;
when RD <0.25, ln= (GN-JN-HN) ×0.3, lp= (GP-JP-HP) ×0.3, lk= (GK-JK-HK) ×0.3.
2. The method for recommended fertilization of late flowering cabbage based on hyperspectral data inversion according to claim 1, wherein in the step S2, the predicted content POM of the soil organic matter is calculated according to a regression equation of hyperspectral measurement data of a large number of soil samples and statistics of actual measurement values of the soil organic matter, and the formula is pom= -0.9485-5.1615lgR, wherein POM is in units of% and lg is a logarithmic operation based on 10.
3. The method for recommended fertilization of late flowering cabbage based on hyperspectral data inversion according to claim 1, wherein in the step S7, the reflectivity of the late flowering cabbage canopy 445nm, 705nm and 750nm is measured by a near infrared hyperspectral meter, the corresponding values are R445, R705 and R750, and the relation between the dry matter quantity HDW of the upper part of the individual plant of late flowering cabbage and the measured value of the reflectivity is obtained according to a large number of measured data statistics:
HDW=0.201+3.025*（R750-R445）/(R705-R445）。
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