CN115036541B - Durability control method and device for fuel cell stack - Google Patents
Durability control method and device for fuel cell stack Download PDFInfo
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- CN115036541B CN115036541B CN202210736042.6A CN202210736042A CN115036541B CN 115036541 B CN115036541 B CN 115036541B CN 202210736042 A CN202210736042 A CN 202210736042A CN 115036541 B CN115036541 B CN 115036541B
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- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 85
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 53
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 113
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 113
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 112
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 97
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 82
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 50
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 44
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 41
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 33
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 33
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 32
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 25
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052788 barium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- DSAJWYNOEDNPEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N barium atom Chemical compound [Ba] DSAJWYNOEDNPEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000007689 inspection Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 3
- QVQLCTNNEUAWMS-UHFFFAOYSA-N barium oxide Chemical compound [Ba]=O QVQLCTNNEUAWMS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000007800 oxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000001052 transient effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 206010021143 Hypoxia Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002826 coolant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000005984 hydrogenation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001146 hypoxic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002105 nanoparticle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04313—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by the detection or assessment of variables; characterised by the detection or assessment of failure or abnormal function
- H01M8/04537—Electric variables
- H01M8/04544—Voltage
- H01M8/04559—Voltage of fuel cell stacks
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04694—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by variables to be controlled
- H01M8/04746—Pressure; Flow
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Sustainable Energy (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Fuel Cell (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a method for controlling the durability of a fuel cell stack, belongs to the technical field of fuel cells, and solves the problems that the prior art cannot perform online real-time test and effectively improve the durability of the stack. The method comprises the following steps: s1, after a shutdown instruction is received, connecting a to-be-tested electric pile into a durability control device, and starting the device to supply air to an air inlet of the to-be-tested electric pile; the durability control device comprises an oxygen separation device, a pressure regulating valve and a distributing valve; the first input end of the distribution valve is connected with an oxygen outlet of the oxygen separation device, the second input end of the distribution valve is connected with a nitrogen outlet of the oxygen separation device through a pressure regulating valve, and the output end of the distribution valve is connected with an air inlet of the electric pile to be tested; s2, controlling the first input end of the distribution valve to be closed and the second input end to be opened so that only nitrogen enters the pile to be tested; s3, adjusting the opening degree of the pressure regulating valve until the pressure of the empty side of the electric pile is reachedPReaching the set value; s4, monitoring whether the average monolithic voltage of the to-be-tested electric pile is smaller than a set value, and if so, ending the durability debugging process and controlling the fuel cell system to execute shutdown.
Description
Technical Field
The present invention relates to the field of fuel cell technologies, and in particular, to a method and an apparatus for controlling durability of a fuel cell stack.
Background
A fuel cell system is a device that continuously converts chemical energy in a continuously supplied fuel and oxidant into electrical energy. Which typically contains the stack and peripheral hydrogen, air, cooling equipment, and the like. While the stack further includes proton exchange membranes, catalyst layers, gas diffusion layers, bipolar plates, etc., since the theoretical voltage of 1 sheet is 1.23V, it is usually achieved by several hundred sheets being connected in parallel for high power output.
Currently, fuel cell systems are mainly used in hydrogen energy fuel cell automobiles. The hydrogen energy fuel cell automobile is a new energy automobile with wide development and application prospect, and has the advantages of short hydrogenation time, long driving range and the like.
The durability test of the existing fuel cell stack mostly uses laboratory special test equipment with complex structures, not only needs fuel and oxidant pipelines, but also is mostly provided with nitrogen pipelines to introduce nitrogen in a nitrogen tank, and cannot be tested on line in real time and effectively improve the durability of the stack.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above analysis, the present invention is directed to a method for controlling durability of a fuel cell stack, so as to solve the problem that the prior art cannot perform online real-time test and effectively improve the durability of the stack.
In one aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides a method for controlling durability of a fuel cell stack, including the steps of:
s1, after a shutdown instruction is received, connecting a to-be-tested electric pile into a durability control device, and starting the device to supply air to an air inlet of the to-be-tested electric pile; the durability control device comprises an oxygen separation device, a pressure regulating valve and a distributing valve; the first input end of the distribution valve is connected with an oxygen outlet of the oxygen separation device, the second input end of the distribution valve is connected with a nitrogen outlet of the oxygen separation device through a pressure regulating valve, and the output end of the distribution valve is connected with an air inlet of the electric pile to be tested;
s2, controlling the first input end of the distribution valve to be closed and the second input end to be opened so that only nitrogen enters the pile to be tested;
s3, adjusting the opening degree of the pressure regulating valve until the pile empty side pressure P reaches a set value;
s4, monitoring whether the average monolithic voltage of the to-be-detected electric pile is smaller than a set value, if so, ending the durability debugging process, and controlling the fuel cell system to execute shutdown, otherwise, continuing the monitoring.
The beneficial effects of the technical scheme are as follows: a control method for maintaining durability of a fuel cell stack is provided, namely, evacuation and pressure maintaining treatment are carried out on the air side of the stack before shutdown. Only nitrogen is reserved on the air side of the electric pile after shutdown, so that phenomena such as oxyhydrogen interface and the like in the starting process are avoided, service life is reduced, and the overall use durability of the fuel cell system is effectively improved. The purpose of the pressure regulating valve is to maintain an air side pressure P, where P is greater than atmospheric pressure, e.g., 140kPa, to avoid transients in the starting pressure differential.
Based on the further improvement of the method, the high-permeability membrane in the oxygen separation device is made of barium-containing perovskite oxide.
Further, in step S3, the set value is greater than a standard atmospheric pressure.
Further, the step S1 further includes:
s11, building a durability control device, wherein the durability control device comprises an oxygen separation device, an air compressor, a pressure regulating valve, a distribution valve and a sealing valve; the input end of the distribution valve is connected with the oxygen outlet of the oxygen separation device through the air compressor, the second input end of the distribution valve is connected with the nitrogen outlet of the oxygen separation device through the pressure regulating valve, and the output end of the distribution valve is connected with the air inlet of the electric pile to be tested; the sealing valve is connected with a nitrogen outlet of the oxygen separation device;
s12, after a shutdown instruction is received, the electric pile to be tested is connected to the durability control device;
s13, controlling the sealing valve to be closed, controlling the output end of the distribution valve to be conducted and adjusting the output end to a preset opening degree so as to supply air to the electric pile only through the durability control device, and always keeping the hydrogen side pressure of the electric pile to be detected equal to the air side pressure;
s14, synchronously closing the air compressor and the hydrogen supply of the hydrogen side of the electric pile, so that the fuel cell system enters a shutdown state.
Further, the method is used for a fuel cell system as follows:
the fuel cell system comprises an oxygen separation device shared by the durability control device, an air compressor, a pressure regulating valve, a distribution valve, a stack to be tested and an air circulation device; wherein,,
an oxygen outlet of the oxygen separation device is connected with an input end of the distribution valve through an air compressor, and a nitrogen outlet of the oxygen separation device is connected with an input end II of the distribution valve; the air inlet of the electric pile to be tested is connected with the output end of the distributing valve, and the air tail gas outlet is connected with the air inlet through the air circulating device.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has at least one of the following beneficial effects:
1. the fuel cell system and the durability control device share the oxygen separation device, the air compressor, the pressure regulating valve and the pile to be tested, and the power supply control and the durability control of the pile are realized through the same set of equipment.
2. Only nitrogen is reserved on the air side of the electric pile after shutdown, so that phenomena such as oxyhydrogen interface and the like in the starting process are avoided, service life is reduced, and the overall use durability of the fuel cell system is effectively improved.
3. The pressure of the air side of the electric pile is higher than one atmosphere after shutdown, so that transient pressure difference during starting is avoided, and the service life of the fuel cell system is further effectively prolonged.
On the other hand, the embodiment of the invention provides a durability control device corresponding to the method, which comprises an oxygen separation device, a pressure regulating valve, a distribution valve and a controller; wherein,,
the first input end of the distribution valve is connected with an oxygen outlet of the oxygen separation device, the second input end of the distribution valve is connected with a nitrogen outlet of the oxygen separation device through a pressure regulating valve, and the output end of the distribution valve is connected with an air inlet of the electric pile to be tested;
the controller is used for connecting the to-be-tested pile into the durability control device after receiving the shutdown instruction, and starting the device to supply air to the air inlet of the to-be-tested pile; and controlling the first input end of the distribution valve to be closed so that only nitrogen enters the pile to be tested; and adjusting the opening degree of the pressure regulating valve until the pile empty side pressure P reaches a set value; and monitoring whether the average monolithic voltage of the to-be-detected electric pile is smaller than a set value, if so, ending the durability debugging process, and controlling the fuel cell system to execute shutdown, otherwise, continuing the monitoring.
Further, the durability control device includes a sealing valve, an air compressor; wherein,,
one end of the sealing valve is suspended, the other end of the sealing valve is connected with a nitrogen outlet of the oxygen separation device, and the control end of the sealing valve is connected with the output end of the controller;
the input end of the air compressor is connected with the oxygen outlet of the oxygen separation device, and the output end of the air compressor is connected with the first input end of the distribution valve.
Further, the controller further includes:
the data acquisition unit is used for acquiring air flow at the input end of the oxygen separation device, and sending each monolithic voltage of the electric pile to be detected and the electric pile air side pressure P to the data processing and control unit;
the data processing and controlling unit is used for connecting the to-be-tested pile into the durability controlling device after receiving the shutdown instruction; setting the opening degree of a distribution valve according to the air flow at the input end of the oxygen separation device so as to start the durability control device to supply air to the air inlet of the pile to be tested; and adjusting the opening of the distribution valve to enable the input end of the distribution valve to be closed, so that only nitrogen enters the pile to be tested; and adjusting the opening degree of the pressure regulating valve until the pile empty side pressure P reaches a set value; and obtaining the average single-chip voltage of each single-chip voltage of the electric pile to be tested according to the single-chip voltage, monitoring whether the average single-chip voltage is smaller than a set value, if so, ending the durability debugging process, and controlling the fuel cell system to execute shutdown, otherwise, continuing the monitoring until ending the durability debugging process.
Further, the data acquisition unit further includes:
the temperature sensor is arranged in the oxygen separation device and is used for acquiring the ambient temperature in the oxygen separation device;
the air flowmeter is arranged at the inlet of the oxygen separation device and is used for acquiring the instantaneous flow of air at the input end of the oxygen separation device at the current moment;
the fuel cell monolithic voltage inspection device is connected with a power supply end of the to-be-tested electric pile and is used for acquiring each monolithic voltage of the to-be-tested electric pile;
and the gas pressure sensor is respectively arranged on the inner wall of the pipeline at the hydrogen and air tail gas outlet of the electric pile and used for acquiring the gas pressure at the layout position to be used as the air side pressure P of the electric pile.
Further, the data processing and control unit executes the following program:
after receiving a shutdown instruction, preheating the oxygen separation device until the ambient temperature in the oxygen separation device reaches a preset high-efficiency separation temperature;
the sealing valve is controlled to be closed, the output end of the distribution valve is controlled to be conducted and adjusted to a preset opening degree, so that air is supplied to the electric pile only through the durability control device, and the electric pile blank side pressure P to be detected is always kept to be equal to the electric pile hydrogen side pressure;
synchronously controlling the air compressor and hydrogen regulation equipment in the fuel cell system to stop, so that the air supply and the hydrogen supply of the electric pile to be tested are synchronously stopped, and the fuel cell system enters a stop state;
the first input end of the distribution valve is controlled to be closed, and the second input end of the distribution valve is controlled to be opened, so that only nitrogen enters the pile to be tested;
according to the instant flow of air at the input end of the oxygen separation device at the current moment and the hydrogen side pressure of the electric pile, the opening degree of the pressure regulating valve is regulated, so that the air side pressure P of the electric pile reaches a set value; the set point is greater than a standard atmospheric pressure;
after the opening adjustment of the pressure regulating valve is finished, monitoring whether the average monolithic voltage of the electric pile to be tested is smaller than a set value, if so, ending the durability debugging process, and controlling the fuel cell system and the durability control device to execute shutdown, otherwise, continuing the monitoring.
The summary is provided to introduce a selection of concepts in a simplified form that are further described below in the detailed description. This summary is not intended to identify key features or essential features of the disclosure, nor is it intended to be used to limit the scope of the disclosure.
Drawings
The foregoing and other objects, features and advantages of the disclosure will be apparent from the following more particular descriptions of exemplary embodiments of the disclosure as illustrated in the accompanying drawings wherein like reference numbers generally represent like parts throughout the exemplary embodiments of the disclosure.
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram showing the steps of a durability control method of a fuel cell stack of example 1;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram showing the constitution of a durability control apparatus used in the method of example 1;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram showing the constitution of a durability control apparatus used in the method of example 2;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram showing the constitution of a fuel cell system to which the method of example 2 is applied;
FIG. 5 shows two schematic diagrams of fuel cell system components to which the method of example 2 is applied;
fig. 6 shows a schematic diagram of the control principle of the method of embodiment 2.
Detailed Description
Embodiments of the present disclosure will be described in more detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. While embodiments of the present disclosure are illustrated in the drawings, it should be understood that the present disclosure may be embodied in various forms and should not be limited to the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete, and will fully convey the scope of the disclosure to those skilled in the art.
The term "comprising" and variations thereof as used herein means open ended, i.e., "including but not limited to. The term "or" means "and/or" unless specifically stated otherwise. The term "based on" means "based at least in part on". The terms "one example embodiment" and "one embodiment" mean "at least one example embodiment. The term "another embodiment" means "at least one additional embodiment". The terms "first," "second," and the like, may refer to different or the same object. Other explicit and implicit definitions are also possible below.
Example 1
In one embodiment of the present invention, a method for controlling durability of a fuel cell stack is disclosed, as shown in fig. 1, comprising the steps of:
s1, after a shutdown instruction is received (namely, the shutdown instruction of a fuel cell system is received in the using process), connecting a to-be-tested electric pile into a durability control device, and starting the device to supply air to an air inlet of the to-be-tested electric pile; the durability control device comprises an oxygen separation device, a pressure regulating valve and a distributing valve; the first input end of the distribution valve is connected with an oxygen outlet of the oxygen separation device, the second input end of the distribution valve is connected with a nitrogen outlet of the oxygen separation device through a pressure regulating valve, and the output end of the distribution valve is connected with an air inlet of the electric pile to be tested, as shown in figure 2;
s2, controlling the first input end of the distribution valve to be closed and the second input end to be opened so that only nitrogen enters the pile to be tested;
s3, adjusting the opening degree of the pressure regulating valve until the pile empty side pressure P reaches a set value;
s4, monitoring whether the average monolithic voltage of the electric pile to be detected is smaller than a set value (used as a judging basis for the content of the air side of the electric pile to reach the standard), if so, ending the durability debugging process, and controlling the fuel cell system to execute shutdown, otherwise, continuing the monitoring.
It should be noted that the above method is applied to the shutdown process of the fuel cell system.
The structure of the prior oxygen separation device is described in patents CN201380039222.8, CN201920525750.9, CN202120461920.9 and the like.
The fuel cell system includes a stack to be tested, an air control branch, a hydrogen control branch, and a coolant control branch, and may be referred to in patent CN202011171825.1, etc. all using existing equipment, without redundancy, or the fuel cell system described in embodiment 2.
Compared with the prior art, the method provided by the embodiment of the invention provides a control method for keeping the durability of the fuel cell stack, namely, the air side of the stack is subjected to evacuation and pressure maintaining treatment before shutdown. Only nitrogen is reserved on the air side of the electric pile after shutdown, so that phenomena such as oxyhydrogen interface and the like in the starting process are avoided, service life is reduced, and the overall use durability of the fuel cell system is effectively improved. The purpose of the pressure regulating valve is to maintain an air side pressure P, where P is greater than atmospheric pressure, e.g., 140kPa, to avoid transients in the starting pressure differential.
Example 2
The improvement is based on the embodiment 1, wherein the high-permeability membrane in the oxygen separation device is made of barium-containing perovskite oxide.
Preferably, in step S3, the set value is greater than a standard atmospheric pressure.
Preferably, the step S1 further includes:
s11, building a durability control device, wherein the durability control device comprises an oxygen separation device, an air compressor, a pressure regulating valve, a distribution valve and a sealing valve, and the durability control device is shown in figure 3. The input end of the distribution valve is connected with the oxygen outlet of the oxygen separation device through the air compressor, the second input end of the distribution valve is connected with the nitrogen outlet of the oxygen separation device through the pressure regulating valve, and the output end of the distribution valve is connected with the air inlet of the electric pile to be tested; the sealing valve is connected with a nitrogen outlet of the oxygen separation device;
s12, after a shutdown instruction is received, the electric pile to be tested is connected to the durability control device;
s13, controlling the sealing valve to be closed, controlling the output end of the distribution valve to be conducted and adjusting the output end to a preset opening degree so as to supply air to the electric pile only through the durability control device, and always keeping the hydrogen side pressure of the electric pile to be detected equal to the air side pressure;
s14, synchronously closing the air compressor and the hydrogen supply of the hydrogen side of the electric pile, so that the fuel cell system enters a shutdown state.
Preferably, the method is applied to a fuel cell system as follows:
the fuel cell system comprises an oxygen separation device, an air compressor, a distribution valve, an air circulation device and a pile to be tested.
The oxygen outlet of the oxygen separation device is connected with the input end of the distribution valve through the air compressor, and the nitrogen outlet of the oxygen separation device is connected with the second input end of the distribution valve; the air inlet of the pile to be tested is connected with the output end of the distributing valve, and the air tail gas outlet is connected with the air inlet through the air circulating device, as shown in figures 4-5. The components of the fuel cell system include the devices shown in fig. 4 and 5, but are not limited to those shown in fig. 4 and 5.
Preferably, the fuel cell system may further include a pressure regulating valve. See fig. 2 for connection relationships.
Preferably, for the above fuel cell system, step S14 is:
and S14', synchronously closing the air compressor, the air circulation device and the hydrogen supply of the hydrogen side of the electric pile, so that the fuel cell system enters a shutdown state.
The fuel cell system described above shares an oxygen separator, an air compressor, a pressure regulating valve, a distribution valve, a stack to be tested, and a pressure regulating valve with the durability control device of the present embodiment. The power supply control and the durability control of the fuel cell are realized through the same set of equipment without adding other devices, and the preparation and use cost is effectively saved.
The control principle of this method is shown in fig. 6.
Compared with the prior art, the method provided by the embodiment has the following beneficial effects:
1. the fuel cell system and the durability control device share the oxygen separation device, the air compressor, the distribution valve, the pressure regulating valve and the pile to be tested, and the power supply control and the durability control of the pile are realized through the same set of equipment.
2. Only nitrogen is reserved on the air side of the electric pile after shutdown, so that phenomena such as oxyhydrogen interface and the like in the starting process are avoided, service life is reduced, and the overall use durability of the fuel cell system is effectively improved.
3. The pressure of the air side of the electric pile is higher than one atmosphere after shutdown, so that transient pressure difference during starting is avoided, and the service life of the fuel cell system is further effectively prolonged.
Example 3
The invention also provides a durability control device corresponding to the method in the embodiment 1 or 2, which comprises an oxygen separation device, a pressure regulating valve, a distribution valve and a controller.
The first input end of the distribution valve is connected with the oxygen outlet of the oxygen separation device, the second input end of the distribution valve is connected with the nitrogen outlet of the oxygen separation device through the pressure regulating valve, and the output end of the distribution valve is connected with the air inlet of the electric pile to be tested.
The controller is used for connecting the to-be-tested pile into the durability control device after receiving the shutdown instruction, and starting the device to supply air to the air inlet of the to-be-tested pile; and controlling the first input end of the distribution valve to be closed so that only nitrogen enters the pile to be tested; and adjusting the opening degree of the pressure regulating valve until the pile empty side pressure P reaches a set value; and monitoring whether the average monolithic voltage of the to-be-detected electric pile is smaller than a set value, if so, ending the durability debugging process, and controlling the fuel cell system to execute shutdown, otherwise, continuing the monitoring.
The output end of the controller is connected with the control ends of the oxygen separation device, the pressure regulating valve and the distributing valve.
Compared with the prior art, the embodiment provides a control device for keeping the durability of the fuel cell stack, and the air side of the stack is subjected to evacuation and pressure maintaining treatment before shutdown. Only nitrogen is reserved on the air side of the electric pile after shutdown, so that phenomena such as oxyhydrogen interface and the like in the starting process are avoided, service life is reduced, and the overall use durability of the fuel cell system is effectively improved. The purpose of the pressure regulating valve is to maintain an air side pressure P, where P is greater than atmospheric pressure, e.g., 140kPa, to avoid transients in the starting pressure differential.
Example 4
The durability control apparatus further includes a sealing valve and an air compressor, which are improved on the basis of the above embodiment 3.
One end of the sealing valve is suspended, the other end of the sealing valve is connected with a nitrogen outlet of the oxygen separation device, and the control end of the sealing valve is connected with the output end of the controller. By means of the sealing valve, the discharge of excess nitrogen in the oxygen separation device is achieved. The durability control device shares the same sealing valve with the fuel cell system.
The input end of the air compressor is connected with the oxygen outlet of the oxygen separation device, and the output end of the air compressor is connected with the first input end of the distribution valve. Through the air compressor, the control of the oxygen content in the durability control process is realized, so that the durability control device can be suitable for various low-oxygen environments. Such as a high altitude air lean environment, and a subsurface or subsurface closed hypoxic environment. The durability control device shares the same air compressor as the fuel cell system.
Preferably, the controller further comprises a data acquisition unit and a data processing and control unit which are connected in sequence.
The data acquisition unit is used for acquiring the air flow at the input end of the oxygen separation device, and sending the monolithic voltage of the electric pile to be detected and the electric pile air side pressure P to the data processing and control unit.
The data processing and controlling unit is used for connecting the to-be-tested pile into the durability controlling device after receiving the shutdown instruction; setting the opening degree of a distribution valve according to the air flow at the input end of the oxygen separation device so as to start the durability control device to supply air to the air inlet of the pile to be tested; and adjusting the opening of the distribution valve to enable the input end of the distribution valve to be closed, so that only nitrogen enters the pile to be tested; and adjusting the opening degree of the pressure regulating valve until the pile empty side pressure P reaches a set value; and obtaining the average single-chip voltage of each single-chip voltage of the electric pile to be tested according to the single-chip voltage, monitoring whether the average single-chip voltage is smaller than a set value, if so, ending the durability debugging process, and controlling the fuel cell system to execute shutdown, otherwise, continuing the monitoring until ending the durability debugging process.
Preferably, the data acquisition unit further comprises a temperature sensor, an air flow meter, a fuel cell monolithic voltage inspection device and a gas pressure sensor.
And the temperature sensor is arranged inside the oxygen separation device and is used for acquiring the ambient temperature in the oxygen separation device.
The air flowmeter is arranged at the inlet of the oxygen separation device and is used for acquiring the instantaneous flow of air at the input end of the oxygen separation device at the current moment;
the fuel cell monolithic voltage inspection device is connected with a power supply end of the to-be-tested electric pile and used for acquiring each monolithic voltage of the to-be-tested electric pile.
And the gas pressure sensors are respectively arranged on the inner walls of the pipelines at the hydrogen and air tail gas outlets of the electric pile and are used for acquiring the gas pressure at the layout positions and used as the hydrogen side pressure and the air side pressure P of the electric pile.
Preferably, the data processing and control unit executes the following program:
SS1, after receiving a shutdown instruction, preheating an oxygen separation device until the ambient temperature in the oxygen separation device reaches a preset high-efficiency separation temperature; barium oxide nano particles separated out from the surface of the barium-containing perovskite oxide have ultrahigh activity on oxygen activation, and can separate air into oxygen and nitrogen at the temperature of 700 ℃ for example;
SS2, controlling the sealing valve to be closed, controlling the output end of the distribution valve to be conducted and adjusting the output end to a preset opening degree so as to supply air to the electric pile only through the durability control device, and always keeping the air side pressure P of the electric pile to be detected equal to the hydrogen side pressure of the electric pile;
SS3, synchronously controlling the air compressor and hydrogen regulation equipment in the fuel cell system to stop, so that the air supply and the hydrogen supply of the electric pile to be tested are synchronously stopped, and the fuel cell system enters a stop state;
SS4, controlling the first input end of the distribution valve to be closed and the second input end to be opened so that only nitrogen enters the pile to be tested;
SS5, adjusting the opening degree of a pressure regulating valve according to the instantaneous flow of air at the input end of the oxygen separation device at the current moment and the hydrogen side pressure of the electric pile, so that the air side pressure P of the electric pile reaches a set value; the set point is greater than a standard atmospheric pressure;
and SS6, after the opening adjustment of the pressure regulating valve is finished, monitoring whether the average monolithic voltage of the electric pile to be detected is smaller than a set value, if so, ending the durability debugging process, and controlling the fuel cell system and the durability control device to execute shutdown, otherwise, continuing the monitoring.
The foregoing description of the embodiments of the present disclosure has been presented for purposes of illustration and description, and is not intended to be exhaustive or limited to the embodiments disclosed. Many modifications and variations will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art without departing from the scope and spirit of the various embodiments described. The terminology used herein is chosen in order to best explain the principles of the embodiments, the practical application, or the improvement of the prior art, or to enable others of ordinary skill in the art to understand the embodiments disclosed herein.
Claims (8)
1. A durability control method of a fuel cell stack, characterized by comprising the steps of:
s1, after a shutdown instruction is received, connecting a to-be-tested electric pile into a durability control device, and starting the device to supply air to an air inlet of the to-be-tested electric pile; the durability control device comprises an oxygen separation device, a pressure regulating valve, an air compressor and a distribution valve; the input end of the distribution valve is connected with an oxygen outlet of the oxygen separation device through an air compressor, the input end of the distribution valve is connected with a nitrogen outlet of the oxygen separation device through a pressure regulating valve, and the output end of the distribution valve is connected with an air inlet of a to-be-tested electric pile;
s2, preheating the oxygen separation device until the ambient temperature in the oxygen separation device reaches a preset high-efficiency separation temperature; the first input end of the distribution valve is controlled to be closed, and the second input end of the distribution valve is controlled to be opened, so that only nitrogen enters the pile to be tested;
s3, according to the instant flow of air at the input end of the oxygen separation device at the current moment, the opening degree of a pressure regulating valve is regulated until the pressure P of the empty side of the electric pile reaches a set value; the set value is greater than a standard atmospheric pressure;
s4, monitoring whether the average monolithic voltage of the to-be-detected electric pile is smaller than a set value, if so, ending the durability debugging process, and controlling the fuel cell system to execute shutdown, otherwise, continuing the monitoring;
the above method is used for the following fuel cell system: the fuel cell system comprises an oxygen separation device shared by the durability control device, an air compressor, a pressure regulating valve, a distribution valve, a stack to be tested and an air circulation device; the oxygen outlet of the oxygen separation device is connected with the input end of the distribution valve through the air compressor, and the nitrogen outlet of the oxygen separation device is connected with the second input end of the distribution valve; the air inlet of the electric pile to be tested is connected with the output end of the distributing valve, and the air tail gas outlet is connected with the air inlet through the air circulating device.
2. The method for controlling durability of a fuel cell stack according to claim 1, wherein the high-permeability film in the oxygen separation device is made of barium-containing perovskite oxide material.
3. The durability control method of a fuel cell stack according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the step S1 further includes:
s11, building a durability control device, wherein the durability control device comprises an oxygen separation device, an air compressor, a pressure regulating valve, a distribution valve and a sealing valve;
s12, after a shutdown instruction is received, the electric pile to be tested is connected to the durability control device;
s13, controlling the sealing valve to be closed, controlling the output end of the distribution valve to be conducted and adjusting the output end to a preset opening degree so as to supply air to the electric pile only through the durability control device, and always keeping the hydrogen side pressure of the electric pile to be detected equal to the air side pressure;
s14, synchronously closing the air compressor and the hydrogen supply of the hydrogen side of the electric pile, so that the fuel cell system enters a shutdown state.
4. A durability control device for a fuel cell stack, characterized by comprising an oxygen separation device, a pressure regulating valve, an air compressor, a distribution valve and a controller; wherein,,
the input end of the distribution valve is connected with an oxygen outlet of the oxygen separation device through an air compressor, the input end of the distribution valve is connected with a nitrogen outlet of the oxygen separation device through a pressure regulating valve, and the output end of the distribution valve is connected with an air inlet of a to-be-tested electric pile;
the controller is used for connecting the to-be-tested pile into the durability control device after receiving the shutdown instruction, and starting the device to supply air to the air inlet of the to-be-tested pile; preheating the oxygen separation device until the ambient temperature in the oxygen separation device reaches a preset high-efficiency separation temperature, and controlling the first input end of the distribution valve to be closed so that only nitrogen enters the stack to be tested; and adjusting the opening degree of the pressure regulating valve according to the instantaneous flow of air at the input end of the oxygen separation device at the current moment and the hydrogen side pressure of the electric pile until the air side pressure P of the electric pile reaches a set value; the set value is greater than a standard atmospheric pressure; and monitoring whether the average monolithic voltage of the to-be-detected electric pile is smaller than a set value, if so, ending the durability debugging process, and controlling the fuel cell system to execute shutdown, otherwise, continuing the monitoring;
the above-described durability control apparatus is used in a fuel cell system as follows: the fuel cell system comprises an oxygen separation device shared by the durability control device, an air compressor, a pressure regulating valve, a distribution valve, a stack to be tested and an air circulation device; the oxygen outlet of the oxygen separation device is connected with the input end of the distribution valve through the air compressor, and the nitrogen outlet of the oxygen separation device is connected with the second input end of the distribution valve; the air inlet of the electric pile to be tested is connected with the output end of the distributing valve, and the air tail gas outlet is connected with the air inlet through the air circulating device.
5. The durability control apparatus of a fuel cell stack according to claim 4 further comprising a sealing valve; wherein,,
one end of the sealing valve is suspended, the other end of the sealing valve is connected with a nitrogen outlet of the oxygen separation device, and the control end of the sealing valve is connected with the output end of the controller;
the input end of the air compressor is connected with the oxygen outlet of the oxygen separation device, and the output end of the air compressor is connected with the first input end of the distribution valve.
6. The durability control apparatus of a fuel cell stack according to claim 5 wherein said controller further comprises:
the data acquisition unit is used for acquiring air flow at the input end of the oxygen separation device, and sending each monolithic voltage of the electric pile to be detected and the electric pile air side pressure P to the data processing and control unit;
the data processing and controlling unit is used for connecting the to-be-tested pile into the durability controlling device after receiving the shutdown instruction, and setting the opening degree of the distributing valve according to the air flow at the input end of the oxygen separating device so as to start the durability controlling device to supply air to the air inlet of the to-be-tested pile; preheating the oxygen separation device until the ambient temperature in the oxygen separation device reaches a preset high-efficiency separation temperature, and adjusting the opening of the distribution valve to close the input end of the distribution valve so that only nitrogen enters the stack to be tested; and adjusting the opening degree of the pressure regulating valve according to the instantaneous flow of air at the input end of the oxygen separation device at the current moment and the hydrogen side pressure of the electric pile until the air side pressure P of the electric pile reaches a set value; and obtaining the average single-chip voltage of each single-chip voltage of the electric pile to be tested according to the single-chip voltage, monitoring whether the average single-chip voltage is smaller than a set value, if so, ending the durability debugging process, and controlling the fuel cell system to execute shutdown, otherwise, continuing the monitoring until ending the durability debugging process.
7. The durability control apparatus of a fuel cell stack according to claim 6, wherein the data acquisition unit further comprises:
the temperature sensor is arranged in the oxygen separation device and is used for acquiring the ambient temperature in the oxygen separation device;
the air flowmeter is arranged at the inlet of the oxygen separation device and is used for acquiring the instantaneous flow of air at the input end of the oxygen separation device at the current moment;
the fuel cell monolithic voltage inspection device is connected with a power supply end of the to-be-tested electric pile and is used for acquiring each monolithic voltage of the to-be-tested electric pile;
and the gas pressure sensor is respectively arranged on the inner wall of the pipeline at the hydrogen and air tail gas outlet of the electric pile and used for acquiring the gas pressure at the layout position to be used as the air side pressure P of the electric pile.
8. The durability control apparatus of a fuel cell stack according to claim 7 wherein the data processing and control unit executes the following program:
after receiving a shutdown instruction, preheating the oxygen separation device until the ambient temperature in the oxygen separation device reaches a preset high-efficiency separation temperature;
the sealing valve is controlled to be closed, the output end of the distribution valve is controlled to be conducted and adjusted to a preset opening degree, so that air is supplied to the electric pile only through the durability control device, and the electric pile blank side pressure P to be detected is always kept to be equal to the electric pile hydrogen side pressure;
synchronously controlling the air compressor and hydrogen regulation equipment in the fuel cell system to stop, so that the air supply and the hydrogen supply of the electric pile to be tested are synchronously stopped, and the fuel cell system enters a stop state;
the first input end of the distribution valve is controlled to be closed, and the second input end of the distribution valve is controlled to be opened, so that only nitrogen enters the pile to be tested;
according to the instant flow of air at the input end of the oxygen separation device at the current moment and the hydrogen side pressure of the electric pile, the opening degree of the pressure regulating valve is regulated, so that the air side pressure P of the electric pile reaches a set value; the set point is greater than a standard atmospheric pressure;
after the opening adjustment of the pressure regulating valve is finished, monitoring whether the average monolithic voltage of the electric pile to be tested is smaller than a set value, if so, ending the durability debugging process, and controlling the fuel cell system and the durability control device to execute shutdown, otherwise, continuing the monitoring.
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