CN114914494B - Durability control method and device for fuel cell stack - Google Patents
Durability control method and device for fuel cell stack Download PDFInfo
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- CN114914494B CN114914494B CN202210736041.1A CN202210736041A CN114914494B CN 114914494 B CN114914494 B CN 114914494B CN 202210736041 A CN202210736041 A CN 202210736041A CN 114914494 B CN114914494 B CN 114914494B
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- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 73
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 42
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 128
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 128
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 126
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 84
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 81
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 59
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 42
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 41
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 238000004378 air conditioning Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 15
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052788 barium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- DSAJWYNOEDNPEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N barium atom Chemical compound [Ba] DSAJWYNOEDNPEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000013589 supplement Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dioxygen Chemical compound O=O MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- DOTMOQHOJINYBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N molecular nitrogen;molecular oxygen Chemical compound N#N.O=O DOTMOQHOJINYBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 6
- QVQLCTNNEUAWMS-UHFFFAOYSA-N barium oxide Chemical compound [Ba]=O QVQLCTNNEUAWMS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000001052 transient effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000002105 nanoparticle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007800 oxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002826 coolant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000005984 hydrogenation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04694—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by variables to be controlled
- H01M8/04746—Pressure; Flow
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/06—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues
- H01M8/0606—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues with means for production of gaseous reactants
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
Abstract
The invention provides a durability control method and device for a fuel cell stack, belongs to the technical field of fuel cells, and solves the problem that the durability of the stack cannot be adjusted on line in real time in the prior art. The method comprises the following steps: s1, after a starting-up instruction is received, an air inlet of a galvanic pile is connected with a durable air regulating device. The durable air conditioning device comprises an oxygen separation device, a pressure regulating valve and a distribution valve. The first input end of the distribution valve is connected with an oxygen outlet of the oxygen separation device, the second input end of the distribution valve is connected with a nitrogen outlet of the oxygen separation device, and the output end of the distribution valve is connected with an air inlet of the electric pile; the pressure regulating valve is arranged at an air tail gas outlet of the electric pile; s2, after the oxygen separation device is heated to a set temperature, starting the oxygen separation device to supply air; s3, controlling the first input end of the distribution valve to be closed and the second input end to be opened so that only nitrogen enters the galvanic pile; s4, adjusting the opening degree of the pressure regulating valve to enable the empty side pressure of the electric pile to be achievedPReaching the set value; s5, waiting for a set timetAnd then, the opening degree of the distribution valve is adjusted to normally operate the fuel cell system.
Description
Technical Field
The present invention relates to the field of fuel cell technologies, and in particular, to a method and an apparatus for controlling durability of a fuel cell stack.
Background
A fuel cell system is a device that continuously converts chemical energy in a continuously supplied fuel and oxidant into electrical energy. Which typically contains the stack and peripheral hydrogen, air, cooling equipment, and the like. While the stack further includes proton exchange membranes, catalyst layers, gas diffusion layers, bipolar plates, etc., since the theoretical voltage of 1 sheet is 1.23V, it is usually achieved by several hundred sheets being connected in parallel for high power output.
Currently, fuel cell systems are mainly used in hydrogen energy fuel cell automobiles. The hydrogen energy fuel cell automobile is a new energy automobile with wide development and application prospect, and has the advantages of short hydrogenation time, long driving range and the like.
The durability test of the existing fuel cell stack mostly uses laboratory special test equipment with complex structures, not only needs fuel and oxidant pipelines, but also is mostly provided with nitrogen pipelines to introduce nitrogen in a nitrogen tank, and the durability of the stack cannot be adjusted on line in real time.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above analysis, an embodiment of the present invention is directed to providing a method for controlling durability of a fuel cell stack, so as to solve the problem that the durability of the stack cannot be adjusted online in real time in the prior art.
In one aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides a durability control method for a fuel cell stack, including the steps of:
s1, after a startup instruction is received, connecting an air inlet of a galvanic pile with a durable air regulation device; the durable air regulating device comprises an oxygen separation device, a pressure regulating valve and a distributing valve; the first input end of the distribution valve is connected with an oxygen outlet of the oxygen separation device, the second input end of the distribution valve is connected with a nitrogen outlet of the oxygen separation device, and the output end of the distribution valve is connected with an air inlet of the electric pile; the pressure regulating valve is arranged at an air tail gas outlet of the electric pile;
s2, after the oxygen separation device is heated to a set temperature, starting the oxygen separation device to supply air;
s3, controlling the first input end of the distribution valve to be closed and the second input end to be opened so that only nitrogen enters the galvanic pile;
s4, adjusting the opening degree of the pressure regulating valve to enable the electric pile empty side pressure P to reach a set value;
s5, after the time t is set, the opening degree of the distribution valve is adjusted to normally operate the fuel cell system.
The beneficial effects of the technical scheme are as follows: a control method for maintaining durability of fuel cell pile is provided, namely, the air side of pile is firstly emptied and pressure-maintaining before starting up each time. Only nitrogen is reserved on the air side of the electric pile before starting, so that phenomena such as oxyhydrogen interface and the like in the starting process are avoided, service life is reduced, and the overall use durability of the fuel cell system is effectively improved. The purpose of the pressure regulating valve is to maintain the stack air side nitrogen pressure P, where P is greater than atmospheric pressure, e.g., 140kPa, to avoid transients in the pressure differential at start-up.
Based on the further improvement of the method, the high-permeability membrane in the oxygen separation device is made of barium-containing perovskite oxide.
Further, in step S4, the set value is greater than a standard atmospheric pressure.
Further, the step S1 further includes:
s11, building a durable air regulation device, wherein the durable air regulation device comprises an oxygen separation device, an air compressor, a pressure regulating valve, a distribution valve and a sealing valve; the input end of the distribution valve is connected with the oxygen outlet of the oxygen separation device through the air compressor, the two paths of the input end of the distribution valve are connected with the sealing valve, the other paths of the input end of the distribution valve are connected with the nitrogen outlet of the oxygen separation device, and the output end of the distribution valve is connected with the air inlet of the electric pile;
s12, after a startup instruction is received, the electric pile is connected into the durable air regulation device, and the output end of the distribution valve is controlled to be closed.
Further, the step S2 further includes:
s21, heating the oxygen separation device;
s22, monitoring the ambient temperature in the oxygen separation device in real time, and when the ambient temperature reaches a set temperature corresponding to high separation efficiency, introducing air into the oxygen separation device to separate nitrogen and oxygen.
Further, the step S5 further includes:
s51, acquiring the atmospheric pressure at the current moment and the ratio of each component gas in the air;
s52, determining the theoretical rotating speed of the air compressor according to the atmospheric pressure and the ratio of oxygen in the air and by combining the preset oxygen partial pressure corresponding to the high reaction efficiency of the fuel cell;
s53, determining the theoretical opening m of a distributing valve during normal operation of the fuel cell system according to the atmospheric pressure and the duty ratio of each component gas in the air and the theoretical rotating speed of the air compressor, so as to ensure that the oxygen partial pressure of the piled gas always exceeds the set partial pressure;
s54, after the timing time from the opening adjustment end time of the pressure regulating valve reaches the set time t, controlling the air compressor to start and working at the theoretical rotating speed;
s55, adjusting the opening degree of the distribution valve to the theoretical opening degree m, and synchronously introducing hydrogen so that the electric pile air side pressure P is always equal to the electric pile hydrogen side pressure, and operating the fuel cell system normally.
Further, the durable air conditioning device further comprises an air circulation device; wherein,
the input end of the air circulation device is connected with the air tail gas outlet of the electric pile, and the output end of the air circulation device is connected with the air inlet of the electric pile after being connected with the output end of the distributing valve in parallel.
Further, the durability control method further includes the steps of:
s6, after the pressure of the tail gas of the discharged air of the electric pile reaches the set pressure P, closing the pressure regulating valve, and controlling the first input end of the distributing valve to be opened and the second input end to be closed;
s7, starting an air circulation device to only introduce oxygen into the electric pile;
s8, obtaining the atmospheric pressure outside the air circulation device, determining the ratio of each component of air, and ensuring that the gas pressure in the second section from the nitrogen outlet of the oxygen separation device to the input end of the distribution valve reaches the opening frequency of the sealing valve corresponding to the normal pressure;
s9, controlling the sealing valve to work at the opening frequency so as to continuously send the nitrogen out of the electric pile.
Further, the durability control method further includes the steps of:
s10, identifying whether the pressure regulating valve is opened, if so, controlling the distribution valve to a set opening degree to supplement nitrogen-oxygen mixed gas to the electric pile, otherwise, controlling the first input end of the distribution valve to be opened and the second input end to be closed to supplement pure oxygen to the electric pile.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has at least one of the following beneficial effects:
1. the air regulating device and the regulating method of the fuel cell system are improved, and the power supply control and the durability control of the electric pile are realized through the same set of equipment.
2. When the fuel cell system is started, the electric pile is firstly emptied, namely, the air side of the electric pile only reserves nitrogen, so that the phenomena of oxyhydrogen interface and the like in the starting process are avoided, the service life is reduced, and the overall use durability of the fuel cell system is effectively improved.
3. The nitrogen pressure of the air side of the electric pile is higher than one atmosphere pressure when the electric pile is started, so that transient pressure difference is avoided when the electric pile is started, and the service life of the fuel cell system is further effectively prolonged.
4. Through setting up oxygen separator, oxygen circulating device, can effectively improve the oxygen partial pressure of fuel cell system when using under the low oxygen environment, and then guarantee the energy conversion efficiency of fuel cell system in whole use, guarantee the abundant burning of hydrogen and oxygen.
5. The method can be generally applied to various working condition environments, in particular to low-oxygen environments such as high altitude, airtight and the like.
In another aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides a durable air conditioning device for a fuel cell stack, including an oxygen separation device, a pressure regulating valve, a distribution valve, and a controller; wherein,
the first input end of the distribution valve is connected with an oxygen outlet of the oxygen separation device, the second input end of the distribution valve is connected with a nitrogen outlet of the oxygen separation device, and the output end of the distribution valve is connected with an air inlet of the electric pile; the pressure regulating valve is arranged at an air tail gas outlet of the electric pile;
the controller is used for connecting the air inlet of the electric pile with the durability air regulating device after receiving a starting instruction; the durable air regulating device comprises an oxygen separation device, a pressure regulating valve and a distributing valve; the first input end of the distribution valve is connected with an oxygen outlet of the oxygen separation device, the second input end of the distribution valve is connected with a nitrogen outlet of the oxygen separation device, and the output end of the distribution valve is connected with an air inlet of the electric pile; the pressure regulating valve is arranged at an air tail gas outlet of the electric pile; after the oxygen separation device is heated to a set temperature, starting the oxygen separation device to supply air; and controlling the first input end of the distribution valve to be closed and the second input end to be opened so that only nitrogen enters the galvanic pile; and adjusting the opening of the pressure regulating valve to enable the electric pile empty side pressure P to reach a set value; and after the time t is set, adjusting the opening degree of the distribution valve to normally operate the fuel cell system:
the summary is provided to introduce a selection of concepts in a simplified form that are further described below in the detailed description. This summary is not intended to identify key features or essential features of the disclosure, nor is it intended to be used to limit the scope of the disclosure.
Drawings
The foregoing and other objects, features and advantages of the disclosure will be apparent from the following more particular descriptions of exemplary embodiments of the disclosure as illustrated in the accompanying drawings wherein like reference numbers generally represent like parts throughout the exemplary embodiments of the disclosure.
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram showing the steps of a durability control method for a fuel cell stack of embodiment 1;
fig. 2 is a schematic diagram showing the composition of an air durability control apparatus corresponding to the method of example 1;
fig. 3 is a schematic diagram showing the composition of an air durability control apparatus corresponding to the method of example 2;
fig. 4 shows a schematic diagram of the main control principle corresponding to the method of embodiment 2.
Detailed Description
Embodiments of the present disclosure will be described in more detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. While embodiments of the present disclosure are illustrated in the drawings, it should be understood that the present disclosure may be embodied in various forms and should not be limited to the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete, and will fully convey the scope of the disclosure to those skilled in the art.
The term "comprising" and variations thereof as used herein means open ended, i.e., "including but not limited to. The term "or" means "and/or" unless specifically stated otherwise. The term "based on" means "based at least in part on". The terms "one example embodiment" and "one embodiment" mean "at least one example embodiment. The term "another embodiment" means "at least one additional embodiment". The terms "first," "second," and the like, may refer to different or the same object. Other explicit and implicit definitions are also possible below.
Example 1
In one embodiment of the present invention, a durability control method for a fuel cell stack is disclosed, as shown in fig. 1, comprising the steps of:
s1, after a startup instruction is received, connecting an air inlet of a galvanic pile with a durable air regulation device; the durable air regulating device comprises an oxygen separation device, a pressure regulating valve and a distributing valve; the first input end of the distribution valve is connected with an oxygen outlet of the oxygen separation device, the second input end of the distribution valve is connected with a nitrogen outlet of the oxygen separation device, and the output end of the distribution valve is connected with an air inlet of the electric pile; the pressure regulating valve is arranged at the air tail gas outlet of the electric pile, and the composition and connection relation of the durable air regulating device are shown in figure 2; it should be noted that, the durable air conditioning device may be further added with other devices according to actual functional requirements, as can be understood by those skilled in the art;
s2, heating the oxygen separation device to a set temperature (namely, high-efficiency separation temperature, which can be obtained through laboratory calibration, and starting the oxygen separation device to supply air for different high-temperature oxygen permeable membranes with different high-efficiency separation temperatures);
s3, controlling the first input end of the distribution valve to be closed and the second input end to be opened so that only nitrogen enters the galvanic pile;
s4, adjusting the opening degree of the pressure regulating valve to enable the electric pile air side pressure P to reach a set value (larger than atmospheric pressure);
s5, after the time t is set, the opening degree of the distribution valve is adjusted to normally operate the fuel cell system.
The method is applied to the starting-up process of the fuel cell system.
The structure of the prior oxygen separation device can be described in prior published patent CN201380039222.8, CN201920525750.9, CN202120461920.9 and the like.
The fuel cell system includes a stack, an air control branch, a hydrogen control branch, and a coolant control branch, and can be seen in patent CN202011171825.1, etc., and this embodiment is an improvement of the air control branch.
Compared with the prior art, the embodiment provides a control method for keeping the durability of the fuel cell stack, namely, the air side of the stack is firstly subjected to evacuation and pressure maintaining treatment before each start-up. Only nitrogen is reserved on the air side of the electric pile before starting, so that phenomena such as oxyhydrogen interface and the like in the starting process are avoided, service life is reduced, and the overall use durability of the fuel cell system is effectively improved. The purpose of the pressure regulating valve is to maintain the stack air side pressure P, where P is greater than atmospheric pressure, e.g., 140kPa, to avoid transient changes in the pressure differential at start-up.
Example 2
The method of example 1 was modified so that the high-permeability membrane (high-temperature oxygen permeable membrane) in the oxygen separation device was made of barium-containing perovskite oxide. The barium oxide nano particles separated out from the surface of the barium-containing perovskite oxide have ultrahigh activity on oxygen activation, and the particles are active sites of oxygen exchange reaction, so that the barium oxide nano particles can be used for preparing high-temperature oxygen permeable membranes, realize high-efficiency separation of oxygen in air, and are suitable for application to fuel cell systems in various scenes.
The oxygen separation device is typically a gas device having a high temperature oxygen permeable membrane, which is a membrane made of a novel material that can efficiently separate air into oxygen and nitrogen at 700 ℃ in a high temperature environment such as a barium-containing perovskite oxide high permeable membrane.
Preferably, in step S4, the set value is greater than a standard atmospheric pressure, for example 140kPa.
Preferably, the step S1 further includes:
s11, building a durable air regulation device, wherein the durable air regulation device comprises an oxygen separation device, an air compressor, a pressure regulating valve, a distribution valve and a sealing valve, and the durable air regulation device is shown in figure 3; the input end of the distribution valve is connected with the oxygen outlet of the oxygen separation device through the air compressor, the two paths of the input end of the distribution valve are connected with the sealing valve, the other paths of the input end of the distribution valve are connected with the nitrogen outlet of the oxygen separation device, and the output end of the distribution valve is connected with the air inlet of the electric pile;
s12, after a startup instruction is received, the electric pile is connected into the durable air regulation device, and the output end of the distribution valve is controlled to be closed.
Preferably, the step S2 further includes:
s21, heating the oxygen separation device;
s22, monitoring the ambient temperature in the oxygen separation device in real time, and when the ambient temperature reaches a set temperature corresponding to high separation efficiency, introducing air into the oxygen separation device to separate nitrogen and oxygen.
Preferably, the step S5 further includes:
s51, acquiring the atmospheric pressure at the current moment and the ratio of each component gas in the air;
s52, determining the theoretical rotating speed of the air compressor according to the atmospheric pressure and the ratio of oxygen in the air and by combining the preset oxygen partial pressure corresponding to the high reaction efficiency of the fuel cell;
s53, determining the theoretical opening m of a distributing valve during normal operation of the fuel cell system according to the atmospheric pressure and the duty ratio of each component gas in the air and the theoretical rotating speed of the air compressor, so as to ensure that the oxygen partial pressure of the piled gas always exceeds the set partial pressure;
s54, after the timing time from the opening adjustment end time of the pressure regulating valve reaches the set time t, controlling the air compressor to start and working at the theoretical rotating speed;
s55, adjusting the opening degree of the distribution valve to the theoretical opening degree m, and synchronously introducing hydrogen so that the electric pile air side pressure P is always equal to the electric pile hydrogen side pressure, and operating the fuel cell system normally.
The main control principle of the method is shown in fig. 4, but is not limited to what is contained in fig. 4.
The main components of the air comprise nitrogen, oxygen and water vapor, and the respective duty ratios are M N2 ，M O2 ，M H2O 。
Preferably, in step S52, the theoretical rotational speed V of the air compressor can be obtained by the following formula
V＝f(M N2 ，M O2 ，M H2O ，P，P 1 )
Wherein P is a preset oxygen partial pressure corresponding to high reaction efficiency of the fuel cell, and is obtained through calibration, and is exemplified by 42kPa; p (P) 1 Atmospheric pressure at the current moment; f () is a fitting function one obtained by laboratory calibration.
Preferably, the theoretical opening degree m of the distribution valve in normal operation of the fuel cell system can be obtained by the following formula
m＝g(M N2 ，M O2 ，M H2O ，P，P 1 ，V)
Where g () is a fitting function two, obtained by laboratory calibration.
Preferably, the durable air conditioning device further includes an air circulation device, as shown in FIG. 3, but not limited to that described in FIG. 3.
The input end of the air circulation device is connected with the air tail gas outlet of the electric pile, and the output end of the air circulation device is connected with the air inlet of the electric pile after being connected with the output end of the distribution valve in parallel.
Preferably, the durability control method further includes the steps of:
s6, after the pressure of the tail gas of the discharged air of the electric pile reaches the set pressure P, closing the pressure regulating valve, and controlling the first input end of the distributing valve to be opened and the second input end to be closed;
s7, starting an air circulation device to only introduce oxygen into the electric pile;
s8, obtaining the atmospheric pressure outside the air circulation device, determining the ratio of each component of air, and ensuring that the gas pressure in the second section from the nitrogen outlet of the oxygen separation device to the input end of the distribution valve reaches the opening frequency of the sealing valve corresponding to the normal pressure;
s9, controlling the sealing valve to work at the opening frequency so as to continuously send the nitrogen out of the electric pile.
Preferably, the durability control method further includes the steps of:
s10, identifying whether the pressure regulating valve is opened, if so, controlling the distribution valve to a set opening degree to supplement nitrogen-oxygen mixed gas to the electric pile, otherwise, controlling the first input end of the distribution valve to be opened and the second input end to be closed to supplement pure oxygen to the electric pile.
In practice, the fuel cell system may employ the air durability control apparatus of the present embodiment, or perform equipment adjustment based on functional requirements on the basis of existing fuel cell systems. The power supply control and the durability control of the fuel cell are realized through the same set of equipment, and the preparation and use cost is effectively saved.
Compared with the prior art, the method provided by the embodiment has the following beneficial effects:
1. the air regulating device and the regulating method of the fuel cell system are improved, and the power supply control and the durability control of the electric pile are realized through the same set of equipment.
2. When the fuel cell system is started, the electric pile is firstly emptied, namely, the air side of the electric pile only reserves nitrogen, so that the phenomena of oxyhydrogen interface and the like in the starting process are avoided, the service life is reduced, and the overall use durability of the fuel cell system is effectively improved.
3. The nitrogen pressure of the air side of the electric pile is higher than one atmosphere pressure when the electric pile is started, so that transient pressure difference is avoided when the electric pile is started, and the service life of the fuel cell system is further effectively prolonged.
4. Through setting up oxygen separator, oxygen circulating device, can effectively improve the oxygen partial pressure of fuel cell system when using under the low oxygen environment, and then guarantee the energy conversion efficiency of fuel cell system in whole use, guarantee the abundant burning of hydrogen and oxygen.
5. The method can be generally applied to various working condition environments, in particular to low-oxygen environments such as high altitude, airtight and the like.
Example 3
The present embodiment also provides a durable air conditioning device for a fuel cell stack corresponding to the method of embodiment 1 or 2, which includes an oxygen separation device, a pressure regulating valve, a distribution valve, and a controller.
The first input end of the distribution valve is connected with the oxygen outlet of the oxygen separation device, the second input end of the distribution valve is connected with the nitrogen outlet of the oxygen separation device, and the output end of the distribution valve is connected with the air inlet of the electric pile; the pressure regulating valve is arranged at an air tail gas outlet of the electric pile.
The controller is used for connecting the air inlet of the electric pile with the durability air regulating device after receiving a starting instruction; the durable air regulating device comprises an oxygen separation device, a pressure regulating valve and a distributing valve; the first input end of the distribution valve is connected with an oxygen outlet of the oxygen separation device, the second input end of the distribution valve is connected with a nitrogen outlet of the oxygen separation device, and the output end of the distribution valve is connected with an air inlet of the electric pile; the pressure regulating valve is arranged at an air tail gas outlet of the electric pile; after the oxygen separation device is heated to a set temperature, starting the oxygen separation device to supply air; and controlling the first input end of the distribution valve to be closed and the second input end to be opened so that only nitrogen enters the galvanic pile; and adjusting the opening of the pressure regulating valve to enable the electric pile empty side pressure P to reach a set value; and after the time t is set, adjusting the opening degree of the distribution valve to normally operate the fuel cell system.
The durable air conditioning device further includes an air circulation device. The input end of the air circulation device is connected with the air tail gas outlet of the electric pile, the output end of the air circulation device is connected with the air inlet of the electric pile after being connected with the output end of the distribution valve in parallel, and the control end of the air circulation device is connected with the output end of the controller.
Preferably, the controller further comprises a data acquisition unit and a data processing and control unit which are connected in sequence.
Preferably, the data acquisition unit further comprises a temperature sensor, an air flow meter, an atmospheric pressure sensor, a gas pressure sensor.
And the temperature sensor is arranged inside the oxygen separation device and is used for acquiring the ambient temperature in the oxygen separation device.
The air flowmeter is arranged at the inlet of the oxygen separation device and is used for acquiring the instantaneous flow of air at the current moment.
And the air component sensor is arranged at the inlet of the oxygen separation device and is used for acquiring the proportion of each component of air.
And the atmospheric pressure sensor is arranged outside the galvanic pile and is used for acquiring the atmospheric pressure at the current moment.
And the gas pressure sensor 7 is arranged on the inner part of the inlet pipeline of the air circulation device, on the inner walls of the air inlet pipeline and the hydrogen inlet pipeline of the electric pile and is used for obtaining the pressure of tail gas of the air taken out of the pile and the gas pressure at other arrangement positions.
Compared with the prior art, the embodiment provides the air control device for keeping the durability of the fuel cell stack, and the air side of the stack is firstly subjected to the emptying and pressure maintaining treatment before each start-up. Only nitrogen is reserved on the air side of the electric pile before starting, so that phenomena such as oxyhydrogen interface and the like in the starting process are avoided, service life is reduced, and the overall use durability of the fuel cell system is effectively improved. The purpose of the pressure regulating valve is to maintain the stack air side pressure P, where P is greater than atmospheric pressure, e.g., 140kPa, to avoid transient changes in the pressure differential at start-up.
The foregoing description of the embodiments of the present disclosure has been presented for purposes of illustration and description, and is not intended to be exhaustive or limited to the embodiments disclosed. Many modifications and variations will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art without departing from the scope and spirit of the various embodiments described. The terminology used herein is chosen in order to best explain the principles of the embodiments, the practical application, or the improvement of the prior art, or to enable others of ordinary skill in the art to understand the embodiments disclosed herein.
Claims (8)
1. A durability control method for a fuel cell stack, characterized by comprising the steps of:
s1, after a startup instruction is received, connecting an air inlet of a galvanic pile with a durable air regulation device; the durable air regulating device comprises an oxygen separation device, an air compressor, a pressure regulating valve and a distributing valve; the input end of the distribution valve is connected with the oxygen outlet of the oxygen separation device through the air compressor, the second input end is connected with the nitrogen outlet of the oxygen separation device, and the output end is connected with the air inlet of the electric pile; the pressure regulating valve is arranged at an air tail gas outlet of the electric pile; the high-permeability membrane in the oxygen separation device is made of barium-containing perovskite oxide;
s2, after the oxygen separation device is heated to a set temperature, starting the oxygen separation device to supply air;
s3, controlling the first input end of the distribution valve to be closed and the second input end to be opened so that only nitrogen enters the galvanic pile;
s4, adjusting the opening degree of the pressure regulating valve to enable the electric pile empty side pressure P to reach a set value;
s5, after the time t is set, adjusting the opening of the distribution valve to normally operate the fuel cell system; and, in addition, the processing unit,
the step S5 further includes:
s51, acquiring the atmospheric pressure at the current moment and the ratio of each component gas in the air;
s52, determining the theoretical rotating speed of the air compressor according to the atmospheric pressure and the ratio of oxygen in the air and by combining the preset oxygen partial pressure corresponding to the high reaction efficiency of the fuel cell;
s53, determining the theoretical opening m of a distributing valve during normal operation of the fuel cell system according to the atmospheric pressure and the duty ratio of each component gas in the air and the theoretical rotating speed of the air compressor, so as to ensure that the oxygen partial pressure of the piled gas always exceeds the set partial pressure;
s54, after the timing time from the opening adjustment end time of the pressure regulating valve reaches the set time t, controlling the air compressor to start and working at the theoretical rotating speed;
s55, adjusting the opening degree of the distribution valve to the theoretical opening degree m, and synchronously introducing hydrogen so that the electric pile air side pressure P is always equal to the electric pile hydrogen side pressure, and operating the fuel cell system normally.
2. The durability control method for a fuel cell stack according to claim 1 wherein in step S4, the set value is greater than one standard atmospheric pressure.
3. The durability control method for a fuel cell stack according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the step S1 further includes:
s11, building a durable air regulation device, wherein the durable air regulation device comprises an oxygen separation device, an air compressor, a pressure regulating valve, a distribution valve and a sealing valve; the input end of the distribution valve is connected with the oxygen outlet of the oxygen separation device through the air compressor, the two paths of the input end of the distribution valve are connected with the sealing valve, the other paths of the input end of the distribution valve are connected with the nitrogen outlet of the oxygen separation device, and the output end of the distribution valve is connected with the air inlet of the electric pile;
s12, after a startup instruction is received, the electric pile is connected into the durable air regulation device, and the output end of the distribution valve is controlled to be closed.
4. The durability control method for a fuel cell stack according to claim 3 wherein said step S2 further comprises:
s21, heating the oxygen separation device;
s22, monitoring the ambient temperature in the oxygen separation device in real time, and when the ambient temperature reaches a set temperature corresponding to high separation efficiency, introducing air into the oxygen separation device to separate nitrogen and oxygen.
5. The durability control method for a fuel cell stack according to any one of claims 1, 2, 4 wherein the durability air conditioning device further comprises an air circulation device; wherein,
the input end of the air circulation device is connected with the air tail gas outlet of the electric pile, and the output end of the air circulation device is connected with the air inlet of the electric pile after being connected with the output end of the distributing valve in parallel.
6. The durability control method for a fuel cell stack according to claim 5 further comprising the step of:
s6, after the pressure of the tail gas of the discharged air of the electric pile reaches the set pressure P, closing the pressure regulating valve, and controlling the first input end of the distributing valve to be opened and the second input end to be closed;
s7, starting an air circulation device to only introduce oxygen into the electric pile;
s8, obtaining the atmospheric pressure outside the air circulation device, determining the ratio of each component of air, and ensuring that the gas pressure in the second section from the nitrogen outlet of the oxygen separation device to the input end of the distribution valve reaches the opening frequency of the sealing valve corresponding to the normal pressure;
s9, controlling the sealing valve to work at the opening frequency so as to continuously send the nitrogen out of the electric pile.
7. The durability control method for a fuel cell stack according to claim 6, further comprising the step of:
s10, identifying whether the pressure regulating valve is opened, if so, controlling the distribution valve to a set opening degree to supplement nitrogen-oxygen mixed gas to the electric pile, otherwise, controlling the first input end of the distribution valve to be opened and the second input end to be closed to supplement pure oxygen to the electric pile.
8. A durable air regulating device for a fuel cell stack is characterized by comprising an oxygen separation device, an air compressor, a pressure regulating valve, a distribution valve and a controller; wherein,
the input end of the distribution valve is connected with the oxygen outlet of the oxygen separation device through the air compressor, the second input end is connected with the nitrogen outlet of the oxygen separation device, and the output end is connected with the air inlet of the electric pile; the pressure regulating valve is arranged at an air tail gas outlet of the electric pile; the high-permeability membrane in the oxygen separation device is made of barium-containing perovskite oxide;
the controller is used for connecting the air inlet of the electric pile with the durability air regulating device after receiving a starting instruction; the durable air regulating device comprises an oxygen separation device, a pressure regulating valve and a distributing valve; the first input end of the distribution valve is connected with an oxygen outlet of the oxygen separation device, the second input end of the distribution valve is connected with a nitrogen outlet of the oxygen separation device, and the output end of the distribution valve is connected with an air inlet of the electric pile; the pressure regulating valve is arranged at an air tail gas outlet of the electric pile; after the oxygen separation device is heated to a set temperature, starting the oxygen separation device to supply air; and controlling the first input end of the distribution valve to be closed and the second input end to be opened so that only nitrogen enters the galvanic pile; and adjusting the opening of the pressure regulating valve to enable the electric pile empty side pressure P to reach a set value; after the time t is set, the opening degree of the distribution valve is adjusted to normally operate the fuel cell system; and, in addition, the processing unit,
after the controller executes the following procedure to complete the time t to be set, the opening degree of the distribution valve is adjusted to normally operate the functions of the fuel cell system:
s51, acquiring the atmospheric pressure at the current moment and the ratio of each component gas in the air;
s52, determining the theoretical rotating speed of the air compressor according to the atmospheric pressure and the ratio of oxygen in the air and by combining the preset oxygen partial pressure corresponding to the high reaction efficiency of the fuel cell;
s53, determining the theoretical opening m of a distributing valve during normal operation of the fuel cell system according to the atmospheric pressure and the duty ratio of each component gas in the air and the theoretical rotating speed of the air compressor, so as to ensure that the oxygen partial pressure of the piled gas always exceeds the set partial pressure;
s54, after the timing time from the opening adjustment end time of the pressure regulating valve reaches the set time t, controlling the air compressor to start and working at the theoretical rotating speed;
s55, adjusting the opening degree of the distribution valve to the theoretical opening degree m, and synchronously introducing hydrogen so that the electric pile air side pressure P is always equal to the electric pile hydrogen side pressure, and operating the fuel cell system normally.
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