CN115031438B - Efficient defrosting heat pump type small air conditioner - Google Patents
Efficient defrosting heat pump type small air conditioner Download PDFInfo
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- CN115031438B CN115031438B CN202210679484.1A CN202210679484A CN115031438B CN 115031438 B CN115031438 B CN 115031438B CN 202210679484 A CN202210679484 A CN 202210679484A CN 115031438 B CN115031438 B CN 115031438B
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- 238000010257 thawing Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 68
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 39
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 26
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000004378 air conditioning Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000003507 refrigerant Substances 0.000 description 42
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 19
- 230000001965 increasing effect Effects 0.000 description 14
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 12
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 8
- 238000005057 refrigeration Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 6
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007664 blowing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B13/00—Compression machines, plants or systems, with reversible cycle
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B29/00—Combined heating and refrigeration systems, e.g. operating alternately or simultaneously
- F25B29/003—Combined heating and refrigeration systems, e.g. operating alternately or simultaneously of the compression type system
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B39/00—Evaporators; Condensers
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B41/00—Fluid-circulation arrangements
- F25B41/20—Disposition of valves, e.g. of on-off valves or flow control valves
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B47/00—Arrangements for preventing or removing deposits or corrosion, not provided for in another subclass
- F25B47/02—Defrosting cycles
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B2500/00—Problems to be solved
- F25B2500/31—Low ambient temperatures
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Compression-Type Refrigeration Machines With Reversible Cycles (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a heat pump type small-sized air conditioner capable of efficiently defrosting in the field of air conditioning devices, wherein a first port of a four-way switching valve is connected with an air outlet of a compressor, a second port of the four-way switching valve is connected with an inlet of a compressor, a third port of the four-way switching valve is connected with a main inlet A of an outdoor heat exchanger, and a main inlet B of the outdoor heat exchanger is sequentially connected with a throttling element, the indoor heat exchanger and a second port of the four-way switching valve; the outdoor heat exchanger comprises six heat exchange tube groups, a first heat exchange tube group is connected with a third heat exchange tube group in series, a fourth heat exchange tube group is connected with the sixth heat exchange tube group in series, and then the heat exchange tube groups are connected in parallel to form a total inlet and a total outlet A and a total inlet and a total outlet B of the outdoor heat exchanger; a three-way interface C is reserved on a pipeline between the indoor heat exchanger and the throttling element, and a three-way interface D is reserved on a pipeline between the outlet of the compressor and the first port of the four-way switching valve; the two heat exchange tube groups and the five-way control valve of the heat exchange tube groups can be connected in parallel to A, B or C, D; the invention has low energy consumption and uninterrupted output of heat energy when defrosting, and can normally operate at ultralow temperature below-15 ℃.
Description
Technical Field
The present invention relates to a thermal device, and more particularly, to an air conditioner that performs cooling and heating by using air energy.
Background
The prior art heat pump type air conditioner often frosts in autumn and winter and adopts an electric heater defrosting method and a reverse operation defrosting method. The electric heater defrosting method has long defrosting time, large energy consumption and less application. The reverse defrosting method is characterized in that the reverse defrosting method is changed into a refrigerating mode through reversing of a four-way switching valve, and absorbs heat from indoor air for defrosting of an outdoor heat exchanger, so that the room temperature is reduced or cold air is blown into the room; after defrosting is finished, the compressor can be restored to a heating mode after stopping for protection for a few minutes, so that the compressor is frequently started and stopped, the heat supply temperature fluctuates and the energy efficiency is reduced, and the prior art system adopting a common compressor cannot normally operate in an ultralow temperature environment.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a heat pump type small air conditioner capable of efficiently defrosting, which can overcome the defects of the prior art, has low energy consumption during defrosting, can continuously output heat energy to the outside, and can normally operate without any auxiliary energy source under the ultralow temperature environment below-15 ℃ by adopting a common compressor.
The purpose of the invention is realized in the following way: the heat pump type small air conditioner comprises a compressor, an outdoor heat exchanger, an indoor heat exchanger, a throttling element and a four-way switching valve, wherein an inlet and an outlet of the indoor heat exchanger are sequentially connected with the throttling element and a total inlet and outlet B of the outdoor heat exchanger, the total inlet and outlet A of the outdoor heat exchanger is connected with an interface IV of the four-way switching valve, the interface III of the four-way switching valve is connected with an air inlet of the compressor, an air outlet of the compressor is connected with an interface I of the four-way switching valve, and the interface II of the four-way switching valve is connected with an inlet and an outlet II of the indoor heat exchanger;
the four-way switching valve has two working states, wherein the first interface is communicated with the second interface during heating operation, the third interface is communicated with the fourth interface, and the first interface is communicated with the fourth interface during cooling operation, and the second interface is communicated with the third interface;
the outdoor heat exchanger comprises six heat exchange tube groups, and each heat exchange tube group is formed by connecting a plurality of heat exchange tubes in series; starting from the edge of one side, the first heat exchange tube group is connected with the third heat exchange tube group in series, the fourth heat exchange tube group is connected with the sixth heat exchange tube group in series, and then the third heat exchange tube group and the sixth heat exchange tube group are connected in parallel to form an outdoor heat exchanger total inlet and outlet A and an outdoor heat exchanger total inlet and outlet B;
a three-way joint I is reserved on a pipeline between the inlet and outlet I of the indoor heat exchanger and the throttling element; a three-way joint II is reserved on a connecting pipeline between the outlet of the compressor and the joint I of the four-way switching valve;
one end of the heat exchange tube group II and one end of the heat exchange tube group five which are connected in series are divided into two paths, one path is connected to the main inlet and outlet A of the outdoor heat exchanger through a control valve, and the other path is connected to the three-way interface II through a control valve III; the other end of the heat exchange tube group II is connected with the heat exchange tube group five in series by three paths, one path is connected to the main inlet and outlet B of the outdoor heat exchanger through the control valve II, and the other path is connected to the three-way connector I through the control valve IV.
The structure is arranged, when defrosting, heat is transferred from the second heat exchange tube group to the first heat exchange tube group and the third heat exchange tube group adjacent to the two sides through the heat exchange fins, and heat is transferred from the fifth heat exchange tube group to the fourth heat exchange tube group and the sixth heat exchange tube group adjacent to the two sides through the heat exchange fins, so that the heat transfer is reasonable, the energy waste is very little, the defrosting is rapid, and the energy consumption is low.
Further, all heat exchange tube groups of the outdoor heat exchanger are provided with common heat exchange fins. High heat transfer efficiency and more rapid defrosting.
Further, the heat exchange tubes of the first heat exchange tube group, the second heat exchange tube group and the third heat exchange tube group are provided with shared heat exchange fins; the heat pipes of the heat exchange pipe group IV, the heat exchange pipe group V and the heat exchange pipe group VI are provided with shared heat exchange fins. The six heat exchange tube components are divided into two areas, and the two areas are respectively and independently provided with the common heat exchange fins, so that when the fins in any one area generate heat for defrosting, the fins in the other area are not influenced by the independent heat exchange tubes, and still keep normal low temperature and can still absorb the heat energy of air.
Further, the two ends of the heat exchange tube group II are connected with a control valve six in a bridging mode, and the two ends of the heat exchange tube group five are connected with a control valve seven in a bridging mode. According to the scheme, the switch control valve six and the control valve seven enable one group of the heat exchange tube group II or the heat exchange tube group five to be in short circuit alternately, do not participate in heat transfer, enable one group of the heat exchange fins shared by the heat exchange tube group and the adjacent heat exchange tube group to be free from being heated, enable the heat energy of air to be normally absorbed by the heat exchange fins without being heated to play a role of an evaporator, and enable the COP value of the system to be improved; there is a flow of high temperature refrigerant in the heat exchange tube groups that are not shorted, and heat is transferred to the common heat exchange fins to melt and remove the frost thereon.
Further, a control valve nine is inserted on a pipeline connected in series with the heat exchange tube group II and the heat exchange tube group five, two ends of the control valve nine are further divided into four paths outwards, one end of the control valve nine is divided into two paths, one path is connected to a main inlet and outlet B of the outdoor heat exchanger through a control valve twelve, and the other path is connected to the three-way connector I through a control valve thirteenth; the other end of the control valve nine is also divided into two paths, one path is connected to the main inlet and outlet A of the outdoor heat exchanger through the control valve eleven, and the other path is connected to the three-way joint II through the control valve eighth. According to the scheme, when one of the heat exchange tube group II and the heat exchange tube group V is used for conducting heat and defrosting, the other heat exchange tube group is still connected in parallel between the main inlet and outlet A of the outdoor heat exchanger and the main inlet and outlet B of the outdoor heat exchanger to play a role of an evaporator, so that one half of the outdoor heat exchanger is subjected to defrosting in turn in the defrosting operation process, and the other half of the outdoor heat exchanger is still subjected to the role of the evaporator, and obviously, better working efficiency is achieved.
Further, the second tee joint is connected with the second heat exchange tube group and the fifth heat exchange tube group through the control valve, and a flow control valve is arranged in a branch pipeline formed by connecting the second tee joint with the first tee joint through the control valve, and the flow control valve is arranged at the starting end or the tail end of the branch pipeline. The ratio of the heat energy for defrosting branch flow diversion can be adjusted through the flow control valve, the system energy efficiency ratio can be influenced by the fact that the ratio is too high or too low, and the optimal COP value under the existing condition can be obtained through the proper ratio.
The invention is further improved in that the device also comprises a water tank heat exchanger arranged in the hot water tank, wherein an inlet and an outlet of the water tank heat exchanger are divided into two paths, one path is connected with an interface II of the four-way switching valve through a control valve fifteen, the other path is connected with an interface IV of the four-way switching valve through a control valve nineteenth, an inlet and an outlet of the water tank heat exchanger are divided into two paths, one path is connected with an interface I of a tee joint through a control valve sixteen, the other path is connected with an interface III of the tee joint through a control valve fourteen, the interface III of the tee joint is arranged on a pipeline connected with a throttling element through a main inlet and an outlet B of the outdoor heat exchanger, and the pipeline connected with the main inlet and the outlet B of the outdoor heat exchanger is also connected with a control valve seventeen in series; a control valve eighteen is arranged in any one of the two pipelines of the second inlet and outlet of the indoor heat exchanger and the first inlet and outlet of the indoor heat exchanger which are connected outwards. The scheme can realize that hot water can be generated during both refrigeration operation and heating operation, widens the application range of the air conditioner, and especially doubles the specific energy-efficiency ratio of the hot water generated during the refrigeration operation in summer to the hot water generated during the pure heating operation.
The beneficial effects of the invention are that:
1) The defrosting is rapid, the energy consumption is low, the output of hot air is uninterrupted during the defrosting, and the indoor temperature does not obviously fluctuate during heating. The process of heating the hot water in the water tank is uninterrupted during defrosting operation, the temperature of the output hot water does not obviously fluctuate, and the heating by using the hot water or the heating of materials is not adversely affected.
2) The device has the function of heat increasing operation, and can realize normal operation without an auxiliary heat source in an ultralow temperature environment by adopting one common compressor only to realize low-cost production of hot air or hot water with higher temperature for drying and the like.
3) The indoor cooling and hot water generating system can cool indoor in summer refrigerating operation and can generate hot water, the COP value of the system can reach 8 to 10, and the energy efficiency ratio is doubled compared with that of the system which only heats and generates hot water.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the operation of a first construction of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the operation of a second construction of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the operation of a third construction of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of the operation of a fourth construction of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of the operation of a fifth configuration of the present invention.
Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of the operation of a sixth configuration of the present invention.
Fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of the operation of a seventh configuration of the present invention.
Fig. 8 is a schematic diagram of the operation of an eighth construction of the present invention.
Fig. 9 is a schematic diagram of the operation of the ninth configuration of the present invention.
Fig. 10 is a schematic diagram of the operation of a tenth construction of the present invention.
Fig. 11 is a schematic diagram of the operation of the eleventh configuration of the present invention.
Fig. 12 is a schematic diagram of the operation of the twelfth structure of the present invention.
In the figure, a compressor 1, an indoor heat exchanger 2, a throttling element 3, an outdoor heat exchanger 4, heat exchange fins 5, 5a and 5b, a water tank heat exchanger 6, an interface a, an interface b, an interface C, an interface D, an interface 101, an interface 102, an interface 103, an interface 104, an interface 105, an interface 106, an interface F1, an interface F2, an interface F3, an interface F4, an interface F5, an interface F6, an interface F7, an interface F8, an interface eighth, an interface F9, an interface F10, an interface F11, an interface eleven, an interface F12, an interface F13, an interface F fourteen, an interface F15, an interface F16, an interface F17, an interface seventeen, an interface F18, an interface nineteen, an interface F19, an interface C, an interface D, an interface three, and an interface E.
Detailed Description
Example 1
As shown in fig. 1, the heat pump type small air conditioner for efficient defrosting comprises a compressor 1, an outdoor heat exchanger 4, an indoor heat exchanger 2, a throttling element 3 and a four-way switching valve, wherein an outlet of the compressor 1 is connected with the four-way switching valve, and the four-way switching valve comprises four interfaces, namely an interface A, an interface B, an interface C and an interface D; when in operation, the device has two working states, and when in heating operation, the first interface a is communicated with the second interface b, and the third interface c is communicated with the fourth interface d; during refrigeration operation, the first interface a is communicated with the fourth interface d, and the second interface b is communicated with the third interface c;
the outdoor heat exchanger 4 comprises six heat exchange tube groups, and each heat exchange tube group is formed by connecting a plurality of heat exchange tubes in series; starting from one side edge, the first heat exchange tube group 101 is connected with the third heat exchange tube group 103 in series, the fourth heat exchange tube group 104 is connected with the sixth heat exchange tube group 106 in series, and the first heat exchange tube group 101 and the third heat exchange tube group 103 which are connected in series are connected with the fourth heat exchange tube group 104 and the sixth heat exchange tube group 106 which are connected in series in parallel to form a total inlet and a total outlet A and a total inlet and a total outlet B of the outdoor heat exchanger 4; a three-way joint C is reserved on a pipeline between the indoor heat exchanger 2 and the throttling element 3; a three-way joint II D is reserved on a connecting pipeline between the outlet of the compressor 1 and the joint I a of the four-way switching valve;
one end of the heat exchange tube group II 102 and the heat exchange tube group III 105 which are connected in series is divided into two paths, one path is connected to the main inlet and outlet A of the outdoor heat exchanger 4 through a control valve I F1, and the other path is connected to a three-way interface II D through a control valve III F3; the other end of the heat exchange tube group II 102 and the heat exchange tube group III 105 which are connected in series is divided into two paths, one path is connected to the main inlet and outlet B of the outdoor heat exchanger 4 through a control valve II F2, and the other path is connected to the three-way joint I C through a control valve IV F4.
All heat exchange tube groups of the outdoor heat exchanger 4 are provided with common heat exchange fins 5.
In operation, the device has the following three working modes.
1. Conventional refrigeration operation
At the moment, the interface A of the four-way switching valve is communicated with the interface four d, and the interface B is communicated with the interface three c; the control valve F1 and the control valve F2 are opened, the control valve F3 and the control valve F4 are closed, the six heat exchange tube groups of the outdoor heat exchanger 4 jointly function as a condenser, all the six heat exchange tube groups of the outdoor heat exchanger 4 function as a condenser, the high-temperature and high-pressure refrigerant at the outlet of the compressor 1 dissipates heat in the outdoor heat exchanger 4, the refrigerant is throttled and depressurized by the throttling element 3 after being condensed, and then evaporates and absorbs heat in the indoor heat exchanger 2, so that the indoor temperature is reduced, the indoor refrigeration effect is achieved, and then the refrigerant enters the compressor 1 again to complete a working cycle.
2. Conventional heating operation
At the moment, the interface A and the interface B of the four-way switching valve are communicated, and the interface three c and the interface four d are communicated; the control valve I F1 and the control valve II F2 are opened, the control valve III F3 and the control valve IV F4 are closed, all the six heat exchange tube groups of the outdoor heat exchanger 4 play the role of an evaporator, the high-temperature and high-pressure refrigerant at the outlet of the compressor 1 dissipates heat in the indoor heat exchanger 2, the indoor temperature is improved, the refrigerant is throttled and depressurized by the throttling element 3 after being condensed, and then enters the compressor 1 again after evaporating and absorbing heat in the outdoor heat exchanger 4, so that one working cycle is completed.
3. Defrosting operation
When the outdoor heat exchanger 4 frosts, the heating operation state is kept unchanged, namely, the interface A and the interface B of the four-way switching valve are communicated, and the interface three c and the interface four d are communicated; the first control valve F1 and the second control valve F2 are closed, the third control valve F3 and the fourth control valve F4 are opened, at the moment,
main loop: most of high-temperature and high-pressure refrigerant at the outlet of the compressor 1 enters the indoor heat exchanger 2 through the first port a and the second port b of the four-way switching valve, is subjected to condensation heat release, is throttled and depressurized through the throttling element 3, flows through the outdoor heat exchanger 4, and then enters the compressor 1, so that one working cycle is completed.
Defrosting branch: the high-temperature and high-pressure refrigerant in the part of the split flow of the tee joint II D at the outlet of the compressor 1 enters the heat exchange tube group II 102 and the heat exchange tube group five 105 through the control valve III F3 to release heat so as to melt and remove frost on the heat exchange fins 5, and the cooled refrigerant flows to the tee joint I C through the control valve IV F4 and then is converged with the main loop refrigerant. In the process, the heat exchange tube group II 102 and the heat exchange tube group III 105 which are connected in series play a role of a second condenser, heat is transferred to the heat exchange tube groups adjacent to each other through the shared heat exchange fins, frost on the shared heat exchange fins 5 is heated and melted to be removed, heat transfer is good in the metal fins, the refrigerant is condensed and releases heat, the heat release is phase-change heat, the heat release quantity is large, defrosting is rapid, the time is extremely short, heat energy which is not used up in defrosting is rapidly absorbed by the refrigerant in the heat exchange tube group I101, the heat exchange tube group III 103, the heat exchange tube group IV 104 and the heat exchange tube group VI 106 adjacent to each other through the heat exchange fins, and a certain amount of heat energy is supplemented back to the main loop. When defrosting is operated, the effect of heat absorption of the main loop evaporator from the atmosphere is almost completely lost, but certain compensation is obtained from the circulation of the defrosting branch, and the indoor heat exchanger 2 functioning as a condenser can still maintain the output heat energy to be uninterrupted in a short time due to quick defrosting and extremely short time, so that the total heating effect does not have obvious fluctuation.
Example 2
As shown in fig. 2, a second type of efficient defrosting heat pump type small air conditioner is different from embodiment 1 in that:
1. the control valve six F6 is connected with the two ends of the heat exchange tube group II 102 in a bridging way, and the control valve seven F7 is connected with the two ends of the heat exchange tube group V105 in a bridging way.
2. The first heat exchange tube group 101, the second heat exchange tube group 102 and the third heat exchange tube group 103 are provided with shared heat exchange fins 5a; the heat exchange tube group IV 104, the heat exchange tube group V105 and the heat exchange tube group V106 are provided with the common heat exchange fins 5b. That is, the heat exchanging fin of the evaporator 4 is divided into two parts 5a and 5b which are independent from each other.
In operation, the device has four working modes as follows.
1. Conventional refrigeration operation
The operation mode is exactly the same as that of example 1, except that the control valve six F6 and the control valve seven F7 are all closed when they are operated.
2. Conventional heating operation
The operation mode is exactly the same as that of example 1, except that the control valve six F6 and the control valve seven F7 are all closed when they are operated.
3. Defrosting operation
Unlike in example 1, the control valve six F6 and the control valve seven F7 can be turned on and off alternately, with the effect that one of the heat exchange tube groups can be short-circuited, and only the other heat exchange tube group is kept in operation. The fins of the whole evaporator are divided into two parts, one fin is still kept low in temperature when defrosting, so that the other fin can absorb atmospheric heat energy to work as the evaporator, that is, half of fins always work as the evaporator during defrosting, the process of absorbing energy from the atmosphere by the evaporator cannot be suspended, and all heat exchange tube groups work as the evaporator after defrosting is finished. During defrosting, the whole evaporator absorbs energy from the atmosphere, although the energy is reduced compared with the conventional heating operation, a certain amount of heat energy is recovered from the heat exchange tube group serving as the second condenser, so that the indoor temperature does not have obvious fluctuation.
The defrosting operation process is as follows: firstly, a first control valve F1, a second control valve F2 and a sixth control valve F6 are closed, a third control valve F3, a seventh control valve F7 and a fourth control valve F4 are opened, high-pressure and high-temperature refrigerants split by a defrosting branch flow firstly flow through a second heat exchange tube group 102 from a second point D of a three-way interface through the third control valve F3, at the moment, the second heat exchange tube group 102 releases heat to enable frost on a common heat exchange fin 5a to be melted and removed, and the cooled refrigerants flow through the seventh control valve F7 and the fourth control valve F4 to be converged with the refrigerants of a main loop along with the refrigerants of the main loop at a first point C of the three-way interface; at this time, the heat exchange tube group II 102 releases heat and frosts, and no high-temperature refrigerant flows through the heat exchange tube group V105 due to the short-circuit effect of the control valve seven F7, and the heat exchange fins shared by the heat exchange tube group IV 104 and the heat exchange tube group VI 106 maintain normal low temperature and can absorb heat energy of the atmosphere, so that the heat exchange tube group IV 104 and the heat exchange tube group VI 106 completely and normally function as evaporators; at this time, the heat energy which is not used up for defrosting is conducted to the refrigerant in the first heat exchange tube group 101 and the third heat exchange tube group 103 through the heat exchange fins, and a certain amount of heat energy is supplemented to the main loop. Then, the first control valve F1, the second control valve F2 and the seventh control valve F7 are closed, the third control valve F3, the sixth control valve F6 and the fourth control valve F4 are opened, the high-pressure and high-temperature refrigerant shunted by the defrosting branch is firstly discharged from the fifth heat exchange tube group 105 through the third control valve F3, the sixth control valve F6 and the fifth heat exchange tube group 105 at the moment, the fifth heat exchange tube group 105 releases heat to melt and remove the frost on the common heat exchange fin 5b, and the cooled refrigerant flows to the first C point of the tee joint through the fourth control valve F4 to be converged with the refrigerant of the main circuit and flows along with the refrigerant of the main circuit; at this time, the heat exchange tube group five 105 releases heat and frosts, and no high-temperature refrigerant flows through the heat exchange tube group two 102 due to the short circuit effect of the control valve six F6, and the heat exchange fins shared by the heat exchange tube group one 101 and the heat exchange tube group three 103 maintain normal low temperature so as to absorb heat energy of the atmosphere, so that the heat exchange tube group one 101 and the heat exchange tube group three 103 completely and normally function as evaporators; and after defrosting is finished, the conventional heating operation state can be recovered.
In the defrosting operation of embodiment 1, the main circuit has almost no heat exchange tube groups and fully functions as an evaporator, and the indoor heat exchanger can still maintain the output heat energy uninterrupted in a short time mainly by the feedback heat energy provided by the defrosting branch circuit, while in the defrosting operation of embodiment 2, the effect of the defrosting operation is improved compared with that of embodiment 1 because the main circuit always has 2 heat exchange tube groups and fully functions as an evaporator.
In addition to the three modes of heating operation, cooling operation, and defrosting operation of embodiment 1, this embodiment 2 may have the following modes of heating operation.
4. Heat increasing operation
The working process is similar to defrosting operation, and long-time cyclic reciprocation is needed. Under the ultra-low temperature environment below the outside temperature of 15 ℃, the temperature of air entering the evaporator is too low, and even if the selected refrigerant in the prior art is suitable for the ultra-low temperature environment, the temperature of the refrigerant entering the compressor after absorbing heat and evaporating by the evaporator is correspondingly low, so that the temperature of the refrigerant at the outlet of the compressor is difficult to reach the normal required temperature when the compression ratio of the compressor is limited. In the embodiment 2 of the present invention, a special "defrosting mode" may be adopted to perform heat increment, for example, by closing the first control valve F1, the second control valve F2, the sixth control valve F6, opening the third control valve F3, the fourth control valve F4 and the seventh control valve F7 within 10 minutes, the second heat exchange tube set 102 functions as the second condenser, and the fifth heat exchange tube set 105 does not function as the second condenser or the evaporator; in the next 10 minutes, the heat exchange tube group five 105 plays a role of a second condenser and the heat exchange tube group two 102 plays a role of neither the second condenser nor the evaporator by closing the control valve one F1, the control valve two F2 and the control valve seven F7 and opening the control valve three F3, the control valve four F4 and the control valve six F6; repeating this process in turn becomes the heat-up mode of operation. In this mode of operation, one of the heat exchange tube groups always functions as an evaporator, and one of the other heat exchange tube groups functions as a second condenser to condense and generate heat to transfer heat to the refrigerant in its adjacent heat exchange tube group through the common heat exchange fin, thereby raising the temperature thereof, and the temperature of the warmed refrigerant after merging with the refrigerant in the main circuit, upon entering the compressor 1, is increased to a certain extent, which results in a further increase in the temperature of the refrigerant after compression by the compressor, which results in a heat-increasing effect. This process is repeated in a cyclic and reciprocating manner, namely a heating operation mode.
The heating operation mode adopts a common compressor, so that the refrigerant at the outlet of the compressor 1 can reach proper temperature for heating in the ultralow temperature environment, thereby realizing normal operation in the ultralow temperature environment without any auxiliary heat source. The heat increasing operation mode may also enable the indoor heat exchanger 2 to output hot air of a temperature higher than 60 ℃ for drying and the like.
When the heat increasing operation mode is adopted in the ultra-low temperature environment, frost cannot be generated on the heat exchange fins of the outdoor heat exchanger 4, and defrosting is not needed because the heat exchange fins are heated in turn.
Example 3
As shown in fig. 3, a third highly efficient defrosting heat pump type small air conditioner is different from embodiment 1 in that:
1) A control valve nine F9 is inserted on a pipeline of the series connection of the heat exchange tube group II 102 and the heat exchange tube group five 105, two ends of the control valve nine F9 are further divided into four paths outwards, one end of the control valve nine F9 is divided into two paths, one path is connected to a main inlet and outlet B of the outdoor heat exchanger 4 through a control valve twelve F12, and the other path is connected to the three-way joint I C through a control valve thirteenth F13; the other end of the control valve nine F9 is also divided into two paths, one path is connected to the main inlet and outlet A of the outdoor heat exchanger 4 through the control valve eleven F11, and the other path is connected to the three-way joint two D through the control valve eighth F8.
2) The heat exchange tubes of the first heat exchange tube group 101, the second heat exchange tube group 102 and the third heat exchange tube group 103 are provided with shared heat exchange fins 5a; the heat pipes of the heat exchange pipe group IV 104, the heat exchange pipe group V105 and the heat exchange pipe group V106 are provided with a common heat exchange fin 5b. That is, the evaporator sharing the heat exchange fin is divided into two parts independent of each other.
In operation, the device has four working modes as follows.
1. Conventional refrigeration operation
The interface A of the four-way switching valve is communicated with the interface four d, and the interface B is communicated with the interface three c; the control valves F1, F9 and F2 are opened, the control valves F11, F3, F13, F8, F4 and F12 are closed, the six heat exchange tube groups serve as outdoor heat exchangers to serve as condensers, the high-temperature refrigerant of the compressor 1 flows to the four d-a interfaces of the four-way switching valve, the one a interfaces of the four-way switching valve releases heat by the outdoor heat exchanger 4, the throttling element 3 absorbs heat energy of indoor air by the indoor heat exchanger 2, the two b-three c interfaces of the four-way switching valve flows back to the compressor 1, and a heat exchange cycle is completed.
2. Conventional heating operation
The interface A and the interface B of the four-way switching valve are communicated, and the interface three c and the interface four d are communicated; the control valves F1, F9 and F2 are opened, the control valves F11, F3, F13, F8, F4 and F12 are closed, and the six heat exchange tube groups serve as outdoor heat exchangers to serve as evaporators; the heat exchanger 4 absorbs the heat energy flow direction of the atmosphere, namely, four d interfaces, three c interfaces of the four-way switching valve, the compressor 1, the first interface a, the second interface b of the four-way switching valve, the indoor heat exchanger 2 releases heat, the throttling element 3 and flows back to the evaporator 4, and a heat exchange cycle is completed.
3. Defrosting operation
The interface A and the interface B of the four-way switching valve are communicated, and the interface three c and the interface four d are communicated;
during defrosting operation, one of the heat exchange tube groups two 102 and the heat exchange tube group five 105 can be used for defrosting, and the other group can be connected between the total inlet and outlet A and the total inlet and outlet B of the outdoor heat exchanger 4 in parallel, so that 3 heat exchange tube groups always play the role of evaporators, and compared with the embodiment 2, 1 more heat exchange tube groups play the role of evaporators, thereby ensuring that the outdoor heat exchanger 4 has better working efficiency of the evaporators during defrosting, and further improving the working efficiency of the system.
The specific method comprises the following steps: the heat exchange tube group II 102 is subjected to heat defrosting in turn, the control valve II F2, the control valve eleven F11, the control valve III F3 and the control valve thirteen F13 are opened, the control valve I F1 and the control valve twelve F12 are closed, the control valve IV F4, the control valve eight F8 and the control valve nine F9 are subjected to heat defrosting, the heat exchange tube group III 105 is connected in parallel between the total inlet A and the total outlet B of the outdoor heat exchanger 4, and the evaporator is formed by the heat exchange tube group III, the heat exchange tube group IV 104 and the heat exchange tube group VI 106, wherein the heat exchange tube group IV 104, the heat exchange tube group V105 and the heat exchange tube group VI 106 absorb heat from the air completely and normally, the heat exchange tube group I101 and the heat exchange tube group III 103 absorb redundant heat of defrosting provided by the heat exchange tube group II 102 mainly through heat exchange fins, and the temperature of the refrigerant in the heat exchange tube group I101 and the heat exchange tube group III 103 is slightly increased.
Then, the five 105 heat exchanging tube sets are repeatedly subjected to heat defrosting, the process is similar to that described above, and different control valves are opened and closed, so that the performance of the embodiment 3 is improved compared with that of the embodiment 2.
4. Heat increasing operation
The working process is similar to defrosting operation, but long-time cyclic reciprocating operation is needed. In the ultra-low temperature environment below the outside temperature of-15 ℃ and even below the temperature of-20 ℃, the temperature of air entering the evaporator is too low, and even if the used refrigerant in the prior art meets the use requirement of the ultra-low temperature environment, the temperature of the refrigerant entering the compressor after absorbing heat and evaporating by the evaporator is correspondingly low, so that the temperature of the refrigerant at the outlet of the compressor is difficult to reach the normal required temperature when the compression ratio of the compressor is limited. The heat increasing operation in the embodiment 3 of the invention is similar to the defrosting mode, for example, the heat exchange tube group two 102 is enabled to act as a second condenser by closing the control valve one F1, the control valve twelve F12, the control valve nine F9, the control valve four F4 and the control valve eight F8 and opening the control valve three F3, the control valve thirteen F13, the control valve two F2 and the control valve eleven F11 in 10 minutes, and the heat exchange tube group five 105, the heat exchange tube group four 104 and the heat exchange tube group six 106 are enabled to jointly act as evaporators; in the next 10 minutes, the heat exchange tube group five 105 acts as a second condenser, and the heat exchange tube group two 102, the heat exchange tube group one 101 and the heat exchange tube group three 103 jointly act as evaporators by closing the control valve three F3, the control valve thirteen F13, the control valve two F2, the control valve eleven F11 and the control valve nine F9 and opening the control valve one F1, the control valve twelve F12, the control valve four F4 and the control valve eight F8; repeating this process in turn becomes the heat-up mode of operation. In this mode of operation, one of the heat exchange tube groups always functions as an evaporator and one of the other heat exchange tube groups functions as a second condenser, and heat is transferred to the refrigerant in its adjacent heat exchange tube group through the common heat exchange fin to raise the temperature thereof, and the temperature of the warmed refrigerant after merging with the refrigerant in the main circuit increases when entering the compressor 1, which results in a further increase in the temperature of the compressed refrigerant, which results in a heat increasing effect. This process is repeated in a cyclic and reciprocating manner, namely a heating operation mode.
The heat increasing operation mode adopts a common compressor, so that the refrigerant at the outlet of the compressor 1 can reach proper temperature in the ultralow temperature environment, thereby realizing normal operation in the ultralow temperature environment without any auxiliary heat source. The heat-up mode of operation may allow the indoor heat exchanger 2 to generate hot air at a higher temperature, such as above 60 c, for more use.
When the heat increasing operation mode is adopted in the ultralow temperature environment, frost cannot be generated on the heat exchange fins of the evaporator, and defrosting is not needed because the heat exchange fins are heated in turn.
Examples 4 to 6
As shown in fig. 4, 5 and 6, there is a fourth, fifth and sixth heat pump type small air conditioner for efficient defrosting, which corresponds to embodiments 1, 2 and 3 one by one, except that: and a flow control valve F5 is arranged in a branch pipeline formed by connecting the tee joint II D with the heat exchange tube group II 102 and the heat exchange tube group III 105 through a control valve and then connecting the tee joint I C through a control valve. The flow control valve F5 is disposed at a start or end position in the branch pipe.
The flow control valve F5 can control the flow, so that the heat proportion of the diversion of the defrosting branch can be adjusted, and the system COP value is optimized by the proper proportion.
Examples 7 to 9
The heating operation is shown in fig. 7, 8 and 9, respectively, and is a seventh, eighth and ninth heat pump type small air conditioner with efficient defrosting, which corresponds to the embodiments 4, 5 and 6 one by one, and is different in that
The water tank heat exchanger is characterized by further comprising a water tank heat exchanger arranged in the hot water tank, wherein an inlet and an outlet of the water tank heat exchanger are divided into two paths, one path is connected with an interface B of the four-way switching valve through a control valve fifteen F15, the other path is connected with an interface D of the four-way switching valve through a control valve nineteenth F19, the inlet and the outlet of the water tank heat exchanger are divided into two paths, one path is connected with a tee joint interface C through a control valve sixteen F16, the other path is connected with a tee joint interface three E through a control valve F14, the tee joint interface three E is arranged on a pipeline connected with a throttling element through a total inlet and outlet B of the outdoor heat exchanger, and the pipeline connected with the total inlet and the outlet B of the outdoor heat exchanger is also connected with a control valve seventeen F17 in series; and a control valve eighteen F18 is arranged on any one of the two pipelines of the second inlet and outlet of the indoor heat exchanger and the first inlet and outlet of the indoor heat exchanger which are connected outwards.
In heating operation, the tank heat exchanger 6 serves as a condenser to generate hot water. The method comprises the following steps: closing the control valve eighteen F18 to stop the indoor heat exchanger 2, blowing hot air, closing the control valve fourteen F14, the control valve nineteen F19, and opening the control valve fifteen F15, the control valve sixteen F16 and the control valve seventeen F17, wherein the water tank heat exchanger 6 serves as a condenser to completely replace the indoor heat exchanger 2 so that the water tank can be heated.
The heat increasing operation can be performed in the embodiment 8 and the embodiment 9 (see the description text of the embodiment 2 and the embodiment 3), and the water temperature in the water tank can be further increased by adopting the heat increasing operation mode, for example, the water temperature reaches more than 60 ℃, or the water tank can normally operate under the ultralow temperature working condition below-15 ℃.
Examples 10 to 12
As shown in fig. 10, 11 and 12, the flow charts correspond to examples 4, 5 and 6 one by one, and are also refrigerant flow charts in examples 7, 8 and 9 during the cooling operation. The interface B of the four-way switching valve is communicated with the interface three c, the interface A is communicated with the interface four d, the control valve eighteen F18 is opened, the indoor heat exchanger 2 is used as an evaporator to absorb indoor air heat energy, so that indoor temperature is reduced, the control valve fourteen F14 and the control valve nineteen F19 are opened, the control valve fifteen F15, the control valve sixteen F16 and the control valve seventeen F17 are closed, and the working modes are as follows: the outdoor heat exchanger 4 stops working, the water tank heat exchanger 6 replaces the outdoor heat exchanger 4 to serve as a condenser to produce hot water, the hot water is produced while indoor refrigeration is performed, the heat energy utilization rate is particularly high, the system COP value can reach 8 to 10, and the system COP value is generally between 4 and 5 when the water is simply cooled or heated. When the cooling operation state does not need to produce hot water, the water tank heat exchanger 6 can be closed, the outdoor heat exchanger 4 can be started to radiate heat outdoors, and the cooling operation state can be realized by only opening the control valve seventeen F17, closing the control valve fourteen F14, the control valve fifteen F15, the control valve sixteen F16 and the control valve nineteen F19.
The present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and in some cases, there are also needs to add a gas-liquid separator, a liquid storage tank, etc. in the patent implementation, the throttle elements in the prior art are also various, and the drawings are too complicated to be exhaustive in various cases, and these are not all innovation points, and are not fully expressed in the patent drawings. Based on the technical scheme disclosed by the invention, a person skilled in the art can make certain substitutions and modifications to certain technical features without creative labor according to the technical content disclosed by the invention, and the substitutions and modifications are all within the protection scope of the invention.
Claims (2)
1. The utility model provides a heat pump type small-size air conditioner of high-efficient defrosting, includes compressor, outdoor heat exchanger, indoor heat exchanger, throttling element and cross change-over valve, its characterized in that: the inlet and outlet of the indoor heat exchanger are sequentially connected with the throttling element and the general inlet and outlet B of the outdoor heat exchanger, the general inlet and outlet A of the outdoor heat exchanger is connected with the fourth interface of the four-way switching valve, the third interface of the four-way switching valve is connected with the air inlet of the compressor, the air outlet of the compressor is connected with the first interface of the four-way switching valve, and the second interface of the four-way switching valve is connected with the second inlet and outlet of the indoor heat exchanger;
the four-way switching valve has two working states, wherein the first interface is communicated with the second interface during heating operation, the third interface is communicated with the fourth interface, and the first interface is communicated with the fourth interface during cooling operation, and the second interface is communicated with the third interface;
the outdoor heat exchanger comprises six heat exchange tube groups, and each heat exchange tube group is formed by connecting a plurality of heat exchange tubes in series; starting from the edge of one side, the first heat exchange tube group is connected with the third heat exchange tube group in series, the fourth heat exchange tube group is connected with the sixth heat exchange tube group in series, and then the third heat exchange tube group and the sixth heat exchange tube group are connected in parallel to form an outdoor heat exchanger total inlet and outlet A and an outdoor heat exchanger total inlet and outlet B;
a three-way joint I is reserved on a pipeline between the inlet and outlet I of the indoor heat exchanger and the throttling element; a three-way joint II is reserved on a connecting pipeline between the outlet of the compressor and the joint I of the four-way switching valve;
one end of the heat exchange tube group II and one end of the heat exchange tube group five which are connected in series are divided into two paths, one path is connected to the main inlet and outlet A of the outdoor heat exchanger through a control valve, and the other path is connected to the three-way interface II through a control valve III; the other end of the heat exchange tube group II and the heat exchange tube group five which are connected in series are divided into two paths, one path is connected to the main inlet and outlet B of the outdoor heat exchanger through a control valve II, and the other path is connected to the three-way connector I through a control valve IV;
the first heat exchange tube group, the second heat exchange tube group and the third heat exchange tube group are provided with shared heat exchange fins; the heat exchange tube group IV, the heat exchange tube group V and the heat exchange tube group VI are provided with shared heat exchange fins;
a control valve nine is connected in series on a pipeline of the heat exchange tube group II and the heat exchange tube group five in series, two ends of the control valve nine are further divided into four paths outwards, one end of the control valve nine is divided into two paths, one path is connected to the main inlet and outlet B of the outdoor heat exchanger through the control valve twelve, and the other path is connected to the three-way connector I through the control valve thirteenth; the other end of the control valve nine is also divided into two paths, one path is connected to the main inlet and outlet A of the outdoor heat exchanger through the control valve eleven, and the other path is connected to the three-way joint II through the control valve eighth.
2. The efficient frosting heat pump type small-sized air conditioner according to claim 1, wherein: the water tank heat exchanger is characterized by further comprising a water tank heat exchanger arranged in the hot water tank, wherein an inlet and an outlet of the water tank heat exchanger are divided into two paths, one path is connected with an interface II of the four-way switching valve through a control valve fifteen, the other path is connected with an interface IV of the four-way switching valve through a control valve nineteenth, an inlet and an outlet of the water tank heat exchanger are divided into two paths, one path is connected with an interface I of a three-way through a control valve sixteen, the other path is connected with an interface III of a three-way through a control valve fourteen, the interface III of the three-way is arranged on a pipeline connected with a throttling element through a total inlet and an outlet B of the outdoor heat exchanger, and the pipeline connected with the total inlet and the outlet B of the outdoor heat exchanger is also connected with a control valve seventeen in series; a control valve eighteen is arranged in any one of the two pipelines of the second inlet and outlet of the indoor heat exchanger and the first inlet and outlet of the indoor heat exchanger which are connected outwards.
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| CN113847754A (en) * | 2021-09-16 | 2021-12-28 | 中国建筑西南设计研究院有限公司 | Multi-evaporator alternating defrosting air source heat pump unit and operation control method thereof |
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| JP2010159926A (en) * | 2009-01-08 | 2010-07-22 | Mitsubishi Heavy Ind Ltd | Air conditioner |
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