CN115031439B - Heat pump type large and medium air conditioner with efficient defrosting - Google Patents
Heat pump type large and medium air conditioner with efficient defrosting Download PDFInfo
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- CN115031439B CN115031439B CN202210679684.7A CN202210679684A CN115031439B CN 115031439 B CN115031439 B CN 115031439B CN 202210679684 A CN202210679684 A CN 202210679684A CN 115031439 B CN115031439 B CN 115031439B
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- 238000010257 thawing Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 59
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 53
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000005057 refrigeration Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000004378 air conditioning Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000003507 refrigerant Substances 0.000 description 44
- 230000001965 increasing effect Effects 0.000 description 41
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 8
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000005485 electric heating Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000021715 photosynthesis, light harvesting Effects 0.000 description 1
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B13/00—Compression machines, plants or systems, with reversible cycle
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B39/00—Evaporators; Condensers
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B41/00—Fluid-circulation arrangements
- F25B41/20—Disposition of valves, e.g. of on-off valves or flow control valves
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B47/00—Arrangements for preventing or removing deposits or corrosion, not provided for in another subclass
- F25B47/02—Defrosting cycles
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B2500/00—Problems to be solved
- F25B2500/31—Low ambient temperatures
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- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Compression-Type Refrigeration Machines With Reversible Cycles (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a heat pump type large and medium air conditioner capable of efficiently defrosting, which belongs to the field of air conditioning devices, wherein an inlet and an outlet E of an indoor heat exchanger are sequentially connected with a throttling element and a main inlet and outlet B of an outdoor heat exchanger, the main inlet and outlet A of the outdoor heat exchanger is connected with an interface a of a four-way switching valve, the interface B is connected with an air inlet of a compressor, the interface c is connected with an inlet and outlet F of the indoor heat exchanger, and the interface d is connected with an air outlet of the compressor; the outdoor heat exchanger comprises at least three heat exchange units, wherein all heat exchange tube groups except the central position in each heat exchange unit are connected in a special connection mode, and all the other heat exchange tube groups are connected in parallel to form a total inlet and a total outlet A and a total outlet B of the outdoor heat exchanger; a three-way access port C is arranged on a pipeline between the indoor heat exchanger and the throttling element, and a three-way access port D is arranged on a pipeline between the compressor outlet and the four-way switching valve; the heat exchange tube groups connected in a special manner may be connected in parallel between a and B or between C and D, respectively. The defrosting heater can continuously heat during defrosting and can operate at ultralow temperature.
Description
Technical Field
The present invention relates to an air conditioner, and more particularly, to a heat pump type air conditioner.
Background
An air conditioner in the prior art mainly comprises a compressor, an indoor heat exchanger, an outdoor heat exchanger, a throttling element and a four-way switching valve. In order to solve the problem, in the prior art, the indoor heat exchanger absorbs indoor air energy through the four-way conversion valve to enable the outdoor heat exchanger to play a role of a condenser to generate heat and defrost, and a certain time is needed after defrosting is completed to be converted back to a heating operation mode.
Current air conditioning apparatuses include small, medium and large air conditioners, and air conditioning apparatuses having a power exceeding 5Kw are generally defined as medium and large air conditioners, which are disadvantageous in the prior art: when defrosting, the operation is temporarily changed from heating operation to refrigerating operation, heating is not only suspended, but also energy is absorbed from indoor air, so that the indoor temperature is obviously reduced, and the defrosting can not immediately recover the heating state after the defrosting is finished. The small air conditioner adopts the measure of auxiliary electric heating of an indoor heat exchanger to ensure that the indoor temperature does not drop when defrosting, and the heating area of the medium-sized and large-sized air conditioner is larger, especially the large-sized air conditioner with the size of more than twenty kilowatts is not easy to be generally implemented by adopting the measure of auxiliary electric heating with high power, and the defrosting often causes the obvious drop of the temperature of a heating space with a large area. In addition, the common air conditioner in the prior art cannot work normally in an ultralow temperature environment, and needs to adopt a special enthalpy-increasing compressor or adopt two common compressors to operate in a overlapping mode, so that the cost is greatly increased.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a heat pump type large and medium air conditioner capable of efficiently defrosting, which can realize uninterrupted heating operation when only one common compressor is adopted to realize efficient defrosting, does not generate obvious fluctuation of indoor temperature, solves the problem of normal operation in an ultralow temperature environment below-15 ℃ at low cost, and does not need any auxiliary energy.
The purpose of the invention is realized in the following way: a heat pump type large and medium air conditioner with efficient defrosting comprises a compressor, an outdoor heat exchanger, an indoor heat exchanger and a throttling element, wherein an inlet and an outlet E of the indoor heat exchanger are sequentially connected with the throttling element and a total inlet and outlet B of the outdoor heat exchanger, the total inlet and outlet A of the outdoor heat exchanger is connected with an interface a of a four-way switching valve, an interface B of the four-way switching valve is connected with an air inlet of the compressor, an air outlet of the compressor is connected with an interface d of the four-way switching valve, and an interface c of the four-way switching valve is connected with an inlet and outlet F of the indoor heat exchanger;
the four-way switching valve has two working states, and when in heating operation, an interface a is communicated with an interface b, and an interface c is communicated with an interface d; when in refrigeration operation, the interface a is communicated with the interface d, and the interface b is communicated with the interface c;
a three-way access port C is reserved on a pipeline between the inlet and outlet E of the indoor heat exchanger and the throttling element; a three-way access port D is reserved on a connecting pipeline between the outlet of the compressor and the interface D of the four-way switching valve;
the outdoor heat exchanger comprises at least three heat exchange units, each heat exchange unit comprises at least three heat exchange tube groups, and each heat exchange tube group is formed by connecting a plurality of heat exchange tubes in series; the heat exchange tube groups at the central position in each heat exchange unit are heat exchange tube groups connected in a special mode, and all the other heat exchange tube groups in each heat exchange unit are all connected in parallel to form a total inlet and outlet A and a total inlet and outlet B of the outdoor heat exchanger;
one end of the heat exchange tube group connected in a special mode is divided into two paths, one path is connected to a main inlet A and a main outlet A of the outdoor heat exchanger through a control valve, and the other path is connected to a three-way access port D through the control valve; the other end of the heat exchange tube group connected in a special mode is also divided into two paths, one path is connected to a main inlet and outlet B of the outdoor heat exchanger through a control valve, and the other path is connected to a three-way access port C through the control valve;
the heat exchange tube group connected in a special mode and all other heat exchange tube groups in the heat exchange unit are provided with shared heat exchange fins.
Further, when the heat exchange tube groups in each heat exchange unit are odd, the heat exchange tube groups connected in a special mode are a group in the central position; when the heat exchange tube groups in each heat exchange unit are even, the heat exchange tube groups connected in a special mode are two groups or any one group of the two groups at the central position. The heat transfer tube group at the center position transfers heat to the heat transfer tube groups at the two sides of the heat transfer tube group, so that the heat transfer distance is short and the efficiency is high.
And a flow regulating valve is arranged in a defrosting branch formed by the three-way access port D, the three-way access port C and the heat exchange tube group connected in a special connection mode, and the flow regulating valve is arranged at the starting end or the tail end of the defrosting branch. When the flow rate of the split-flow defrosting is too high, the energy flowing into the condenser (an indoor heat exchanger at the moment) from the main loop is too low, so that the energy efficiency ratio of the system is reduced, when the energy of the split-flow defrosting is too low, the defrosting is too slow, the energy efficiency ratio of the system is also not ideal, at the moment, the flow rate of the split-flow defrosting can be controlled to be in an optimal state through the flow regulating valve, and the energy efficiency ratio of the system is optimal.
As a further improvement of the invention, the outdoor heat exchanger comprises at least five heat exchange units, each comprising at least five heat exchange tube groups therein.
Compared with the prior art which only needs at least two shells, two fans and two sets of air pipeline systems for realizing partial similar functions, the outdoor heat exchanger can reduce the cost by a fraction, and also has new functions such as multi-gear heat increasing function which are not provided in the prior art in detail below, so that normal operation below-15 ℃ can be easily realized, and even normal operation can be realized in an ultralow temperature environment as low as-25 ℃ without any auxiliary energy. The multi-gear heating function can provide the selection of different gears for heating, and the regulation effect of the flow regulating valve is combined, so that the system COP value can reach the optimal value on the premise that the environment temperature ultralow temperature value of the system capable of normally running is lower than the target temperature value, or the system COP value can reach the optimal value, namely the lowest environment temperature value, on the premise that the environment temperature ultralow temperature value of the system capable of normally running is higher than a certain value.
When the invention works, four working conditions are provided.
The first working condition is a refrigeration working condition, the four-way switching valve is in a refrigeration working state, the interface a and the interface d of the four-way switching valve are communicated, and the interface b and the interface c are communicated; all heat exchange tube groups of all heat exchange units of the outdoor heat exchanger are connected in parallel, the indoor heat exchanger is used as an evaporator to absorb indoor air energy, all heat exchange tube groups of all heat exchange units of the outdoor heat exchanger are connected in parallel and used as a condenser to release heat to the outside, and indoor refrigeration is achieved.
The second working condition is a conventional heating operation working condition, the four-way switching valve is in a heating operation state, at the moment, the interface a and the interface b of the four-way switching valve are communicated, and the interface c and the interface d are communicated; all heat exchange tube groups of all heat exchange units of the outdoor heat exchanger are connected in parallel and used as evaporators to absorb energy of air, and the indoor heat exchanger is used as a condenser to release heat, so that indoor heating is realized.
And when the outdoor heat exchanger frosts, a part of the heat exchange tube groups connected in a special mode are separated from the outdoor heat exchanger through the control valve in turn, so that the outdoor heat exchanger is communicated with the three-way inlet C and the three-way inlet D, a part of high-temperature high-pressure gas at the outlet of the compressor is shunted through the heat exchange tube groups connected in the special mode, and the frosting on the common heat exchange fins arranged on the heat exchange tube groups connected in the special mode and all other heat exchange tube groups in the heat exchange unit is removed by heat energy. When the outdoor heat exchanger comprises three or more heat exchange units, when the opening and closing part control valve enables the heat exchange tube groups connected in a special mode of one heat exchange unit to generate heat and defrost, most of the rest heat exchange units still can absorb energy from the atmosphere to act as evaporators, the heat exchange tube groups connected in a special mode of each heat exchange unit generate heat and defrost alternately, the negative effect of defrosting on the efficiency of the whole system is reduced to the minimum, and the efficiency is kept good and hardly reduced.
The fourth working condition is a heating working condition of heating operation, the four-way switching valve is in a heating operation state, the four-way switching valve operates at an ultralow temperature of which the outdoor temperature is lower than minus 15 ℃, the working process is the same as the third working condition, and the difference between the working process and the third working condition is that the heat exchange tube groups connected in a special mode of each heat exchange unit of the outdoor heat exchanger are circularly and reciprocally carried out for a long time in a mode of opening and closing part control valves to generate heat in turn. When any one of the heat exchange tube groups connected in a special mode generates heat, heat energy is conducted to the refrigerant in the other heat exchange tube groups in the same heat exchange unit to which the heat exchange tube groups belong through the common heat exchange fins, so that the temperature of the refrigerant is increased, the refrigerant with the increased temperature can help to increase the overall temperature of all the refrigerant of the outdoor heat exchanger, after the refrigerant is compressed by the compressor, the temperature of the refrigerant is naturally increased compared with the temperature in a conventional operation mode, the heating effect is generated, the heating effect is stronger when the heat exchange tube groups connected in the special mode in more unit heat exchangers generate heat simultaneously through the opening and closing part control valve, the device can normally operate in a lower temperature environment, and the temperature of the refrigerant at the outlet of the compressor can reach the temperature required by heating.
The beneficial effects of the invention are that: the device has the advantages of low manufacturing cost, high-efficiency defrosting, low defrosting energy consumption, limit of energy dissipation loss during defrosting, uninterrupted heating operation during defrosting, uninterrupted hot air output, no reduction of indoor temperature, and low-cost normal operation in ultralow-temperature environment by only adopting a common compressor without any auxiliary heat source. The air conditioner is mainly applied to medium and large-sized air conditioners with the power of 5Kw and above.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the operation of one construction of the present invention.
In the drawing, the indoor heat exchanger 1, the first heat exchange unit heat exchange tube group 101, the first heat exchange unit heat exchange tube group 102, the first heat exchange unit heat exchange tube group 103, the first heat exchange unit heat exchange tube group 104, the first heat exchange unit heat exchange tube group 105, the fifth heat exchange unit heat exchange tube group 201, the first heat exchange unit heat exchange tube group 202, the second heat exchange unit heat exchange tube group 203, the third heat exchange unit heat exchange tube group 204, the fourth heat exchange unit heat exchange tube group 205, the fifth heat exchange unit heat exchange tube group 301, the first heat exchange unit heat exchange tube group 302, the third heat exchange unit heat exchange tube group 303, the third heat exchange unit heat exchange tube group 304, the fourth heat exchange unit heat exchange tube group 305, the fourth heat exchange unit heat exchange tube group 401, the first heat exchange unit heat exchange tube group 402, the fourth heat exchange unit heat exchange tube group 403, the fourth heat exchange unit heat exchange tube group 404, 405 fourth heat exchange unit heat exchange tube group five, 501 fifth heat exchange unit heat exchange tube group one, 502 fifth heat exchange unit heat exchange tube group two, 503 fifth heat exchange unit heat exchange tube group three, 504 fifth heat exchange unit heat exchange tube group four, 505 fifth heat exchange unit heat exchange tube group five, 2 four-way switching valve, 3 compressor, 4 outdoor heat exchanger, 5 heat exchange fin, 6 throttling element, F0 flow regulating valve, F1 control valve one, F2 control valve two, F3 control valve three, F4 control valve four, F5 control valve five, F6 control valve six, F7 control valve seven, F8 control valve eight, F9 control valve nine, F10 control valve ten, F11 control valve eleven, F12 control valve twelve, F13 control valve thirteenth, F14 control valve fourteen, F15 control valve fifteen, F16 control valve sixteen, F17 control valve seventeen, F18 control valve eighteen, F19 control valve nineteen, F20 control valve twenty.
Detailed Description
As shown in figure 1, the heat pump type large and medium air conditioner with efficient defrosting comprises a compressor 3, an outdoor heat exchanger 4, an indoor heat exchanger 1 and a throttling element 6, wherein an inlet and an outlet E of the indoor heat exchanger 1 are sequentially connected with the throttling element 6 and a total inlet and an outlet B of the outdoor heat exchanger, the total inlet and the outlet A of the outdoor heat exchanger are connected with an interface a of a four-way switching valve 2, the interface B of the four-way switching valve 2 is connected with an air inlet of the compressor, an air outlet of the compressor is connected with an interface d of the four-way switching valve 2, and an interface c of the four-way switching valve 2 is connected with an inlet and an outlet F of the indoor heat exchanger;
the four-way switching valve 2 has two working states, and when in heating operation, an interface a is communicated with an interface b, and an interface c is communicated with an interface d; when in refrigeration operation, the interface a is communicated with the interface d, and the interface b is communicated with the interface c;
a three-way joint C is reserved on a pipeline between an inlet and an outlet E of the indoor heat exchanger 1 and the throttling element 6; a three-way interface D is reserved on a connecting pipeline between the outlet of the compressor 3 and the interface D of the four-way switching valve 2;
the outdoor heat exchanger 4 comprises five heat exchange units, wherein each heat exchange unit comprises five heat exchange unit tube groups, namely a first heat exchange unit heat exchange tube group 101, a second heat exchange unit heat exchange tube group 102, a third heat exchange unit heat exchange tube group 103, a fourth heat exchange unit heat exchange tube group 104, a fifth heat exchange unit heat exchange tube group 105, a first second heat exchange unit heat exchange tube group 201, a second heat exchange unit heat exchange tube group 202, a second heat exchange unit heat exchange tube group 203, a fourth heat exchange unit heat exchange tube group 204, a second heat exchange unit heat exchange tube group 205, a third heat exchange unit heat exchange tube group 301, a third heat exchange unit heat exchange tube group 302, a third heat exchange unit heat exchange tube group 303, a fourth heat exchange unit heat exchange tube group 304, a third heat exchange unit heat exchange tube group 305, a fourth heat exchange unit heat exchange tube group 401, a fourth heat exchange unit heat exchange tube group 402, a fourth heat exchange unit heat exchange tube group 403, a fourth heat exchange unit heat exchange tube group 404, a fourth heat exchange unit heat exchange tube group 405, a fifth heat exchange unit heat exchange tube group 501, a fifth heat exchange unit heat exchange tube group 502, a fifth heat exchange unit heat exchange tube group 504, a fifth heat exchange unit heat exchange tube group 503, and a fifth heat exchange unit heat exchange tube group 505, and a plurality of heat exchange tubes 505 are connected in series; the first heat exchange unit heat exchange tube group III 103, the second heat exchange unit heat exchange tube group III 203, the third heat exchange unit heat exchange tube group III 303, the fourth heat exchange unit heat exchange tube group III 403 and the fifth heat exchange unit heat exchange tube group III 503 which are positioned at the central position in each heat exchange unit of the outdoor heat exchanger 4 are heat exchange tube groups connected in a special mode, and all the other heat exchange tube groups in each heat exchange unit are all connected in parallel to form a total inlet and outlet A and a total inlet and outlet B of the outdoor heat exchanger 4;
one end of the heat exchange tube group connected in a special mode is divided into two paths, one path is connected to a main inlet A and a main outlet A of the outdoor heat exchanger 4 through a control valve, and the other path is connected to a three-way access port D through the control valve; the other end of the heat exchange tube group connected in a special mode is also divided into two paths, one path is connected to the main inlet and outlet B of the outdoor heat exchanger 4 through a control valve, and the other path is connected to the three-way inlet C through a control valve;
one end of a third heat exchange tube group 103 of the first heat exchange unit is divided into two paths, one path is connected to a main inlet and outlet A of the outdoor heat exchanger 4 through a first control valve F1, and the other path is connected to a three-way access port D through a second control valve F2; the other end of the heat exchange tube group III 103 of the first heat exchange unit is also divided into two paths, one path is connected to the main inlet and outlet B of the outdoor heat exchanger 4 through the control valve III F3, and the other path is connected to the three-way access C through the control valve IV F4.
One end of a third heat exchange tube group 203 of the second heat exchange unit is divided into two paths, one path is connected to a main inlet and outlet A of the outdoor heat exchanger 4 through a control valve five F5, and the other path is connected to a three-way access port D through a control valve six F6; the other end of the third heat exchange unit heat exchange tube group 203 is also divided into two paths, one path is connected to the main inlet and outlet B of the outdoor heat exchanger 4 through a control valve seven F7, and the other path is connected to the three-way inlet C through a control valve eight F8.
One end of the third heat exchange unit heat exchange tube group 303 is divided into two paths, one path is connected to the main inlet and outlet A of the outdoor heat exchanger 4 through a control valve nine F9, and the other path is connected to a three-way access port D through a control valve ten F10; the other end of the third heat exchange unit heat exchange tube group 303 is also divided into two paths, one path is connected to the main inlet and outlet B of the outdoor heat exchanger 4 through a control valve eleven F11, and the other path is connected to the three-way inlet C through a control valve twelve F12.
One end of a third heat exchange unit heat exchange tube group 403 of the fourth heat exchange unit is divided into two paths, one path is connected to a main inlet A of the outdoor heat exchanger 4 through a control valve thirteenth F13, and the other path is connected to a three-way access port D through a control valve fourteen F14; the other end of the third heat exchange unit heat exchange tube group 403 is also divided into two paths, one path is connected to the main inlet and outlet B of the outdoor heat exchanger 4 through a control valve fifteen F15, and the other path is connected to the three-way inlet C through a control valve sixteen F16.
One end of a heat exchange tube group III 503 of the fifth heat exchange unit is divided into two paths, one path is connected to a main inlet A and a main outlet A of the outdoor heat exchanger 4 through a control valve seventeen F17, and the other path is connected to a three-way access port D through a control valve eighteen F18; the other end of the heat exchange tube group III 503 of the fifth heat exchange unit is also divided into two paths, one path is connected to the main inlet and outlet B of the outdoor heat exchanger 4 through a control valve nineteen F19, and the other path is connected to the three-way inlet C through a control valve twenty F20.
The heat exchange tube group connected in a special way and all other heat exchange tube groups in the heat exchange unit are provided with shared heat exchange fins.
The heat exchange tube group passing through the central position transfers heat to the heat exchange tube groups at the two sides of the central position through the shared heat exchange fins, so that the heat transfer distance is short, the heat energy loss is little, and the heat transfer efficiency is high.
And a flow regulating valve F0 is arranged in a defrosting branch formed by the three-way access port D, the three-way access port C and the heat exchange tube group connected in a special connection mode, and the flow regulating valve F0 is arranged at the starting end or the tail end of the defrosting branch. The flow regulating valve F0 of this embodiment is disposed at the end of the defrosting branch, i.e., at the end close to the three-way access port C. When the flow rate of the split-flow defrosting is too high, the energy of the main loop flowing into the indoor heat exchanger 1 is too low to reduce the energy efficiency ratio of the system, when the energy of the split-flow defrosting is too low, defrosting is too slow, the energy efficiency ratio of the system is also not ideal, and at the moment, the flow rate of the split-flow defrosting can be controlled to be in an optimal state through the flow regulating valve F0, and the energy efficiency ratio of the system is optimal.
When the invention works, four working conditions are provided.
The first working condition is a refrigeration working condition, the four-way switching valve 2 is in a refrigeration working state, the interface a and the interface d of the four-way switching valve 2 are communicated, and the interface b and the interface c are communicated; opening control valves F1, F3, F5, F7, F9, F11, F13, F15, F17, F19, closing control valves F2, F4, F6, F8, F10, F12, F14, F16, F18, F20; the indoor heat exchanger 1 is used as an evaporator to absorb indoor air energy, and all heat exchange tube groups of all heat exchange units of the outdoor heat exchanger 4 are connected in parallel and used as a condenser to release heat to the outside, so that indoor refrigeration is realized.
The second working condition is a conventional heating operation working condition, the four-way switching valve 2 is in a heating operation state, at the moment, the interface a and the interface b of the four-way switching valve 2 are communicated, and the interface c and the interface d are communicated; opening control valves F1, F3, F5, F7, F9, F11, F13, F15, F17, F19, closing control valves F2, F4, F6, F8, F10, F12, F14, F16, F18, F20; all heat exchange tube groups of all heat exchange units of the outdoor heat exchanger 4 are connected in parallel and used as evaporators to absorb energy of air, and the indoor heat exchanger 1 is used as a condenser to condense and release heat, so that indoor heating is realized.
The third working condition is heating operation defrosting working condition, the four-way switching valve 2 is in heating operation state, the flow control valve F0 is in normal open state, when the outdoor heat exchanger 4 frosts, a part of heat exchange tube groups connected in a special mode are separated from the outdoor heat exchanger 4 through the control valve in turn, so that the heat exchange tube groups are communicated with the three-way access port C and the three-way access port D, a part of high-temperature high-pressure gas at the outlet of the compressor 3 is shunted through the heat exchange tube groups connected in the special mode, and the frosting on the common heat exchange fins arranged on the heat exchange tube groups connected in the special mode and all other heat exchange tube groups in the heat exchange unit is melted by heat energy to be removed. When the outdoor heat exchanger 4 comprises five or more heat exchange units, when the opening and closing part control valve enables the heat exchange tube groups connected in a special mode of one of the heat exchange units to generate heat and defrost, the rest most of the heat exchange units still can absorb energy from the atmosphere to act as evaporators, so that the negative influence on the whole system is minimized when the heat exchange tube groups connected in a special mode in each heat exchange unit generate heat and defrost alternately, and the efficiency of the system is better.
In fig. 1, in the heating operation condition, when a single heat exchange unit is defrosted, for example, the first heat exchange unit is defrosted, and the second heat exchange unit, the third heat exchange unit, the fourth heat exchange unit and the fifth heat exchange unit completely play the role of an evaporator to participate in the heating operation, the opening degree of the control valves F2, F4, F5, F7, F9, F11, F13, F15, F17 and F19 are opened, and the control valves F1, F3, F6, F8, F10, F12, F14, F16, F18 and F20 are closed; then defrosting the second heat exchange unit, wherein the first heat exchange unit, the third heat exchange unit, the fourth heat exchange unit and the fifth heat exchange unit completely play the role of an evaporator to participate in heating operation, F0 is normally open and has adjustable opening, at the moment, control valves F6, F8, F1, F3, F9, F11, F13, F15, F17 and F19 are opened, and control valves F5, F7, F2, F4, F10, F12, F14, F16, F18 and F20 are closed; then defrosting the third heat exchange unit, wherein the first heat exchange unit, the second heat exchange unit, the fourth heat exchange unit and the fifth heat exchange unit completely play the role of an evaporator to participate in heating operation, F0 is normally open and has adjustable opening, at the moment, control valves F10, F12, F1, F3, F5, F7, F13, F15, F17 and F19 are opened, and control valves F9, F11, F2, F4, F6, F8, F14, F16, F18 and F20 are closed; then defrosting the fourth heat exchange unit, wherein the first heat exchange unit, the second heat exchange unit, the third heat exchange unit and the fifth heat exchange unit completely play the role of an evaporator to participate in heating operation, F0 is normally open and has adjustable opening, at the moment, control valves F14, F16, F1, F3, F5, F7, F9, F11, F17 and F19 are opened, and control valves F13, F15, F2, F4, F6, F8, F10, F12, F18 and F20 are closed; and then defrosting the fifth heat exchange unit, wherein the first heat exchange unit, the second heat exchange unit, the third heat exchange unit and the fourth heat exchange unit completely play the role of an evaporator to participate in heating operation, F0 is normally opened, the opening degree is adjustable, at the moment, the control valves F18, F20, F1, F3, F5, F7, F9, F11, F13 and F15 are opened, and the control valves F17, F19, F2, F4, F6, F8, F10, F12, F14 and F16 are closed.
The fourth working condition is a heating working condition of heating operation, the four-way switching valve 2 is in a heating operation state, the four-way switching valve is operated at an ultralow temperature of which the outdoor temperature is lower than minus 15 ℃, the working process is the same as the third working condition, and the difference between the working condition and the third working condition is that the heat exchange tube groups connected in a special mode in each heat exchange unit of the outdoor heat exchanger 4 are circularly and reciprocally carried out for a long time in a mode of opening and closing part control valves to generate heat in turn. When any one of the heat exchange tube groups connected in a special way heats, heat energy is conducted to the refrigerant in the other heat exchange tube groups in the same heat exchange unit to which the heat exchange tube groups belong through the common heat exchange fins, so that the temperature of the refrigerant is increased, the refrigerant with the increased temperature can help to increase the overall temperature of all the refrigerant of the outdoor heat exchanger 4, after the refrigerant is compressed by the compressor 3, the temperature of the refrigerant is naturally increased compared with the temperature in a conventional heating operation mode, the heating effect is generated, and when the heat exchange tube groups connected in a special way in two or more heat exchange units are heated and operated simultaneously through the opening and closing part control valve, the heating effect is stronger, so that the temperature of the refrigerant at the outlet of the compressor 3 of the device can reach the required temperature in a lower temperature environment.
Specifically, the heating operation is a special defrosting operation mode adopted in an ultralow temperature environment, and only the defrosting operation needs to be repeatedly performed for a long time; for example, the first 10 minutes enables the first heat exchange unit to perform defrosting to actually perform heat increasing effect, and when the second heat exchange unit, the third heat exchange unit, the fourth heat exchange unit and the fifth heat exchange unit completely function as evaporators to participate in heating operation, F0 is always unchanged, at the moment, the control valves F2, F4, F5, F7, F9, F11, F13, F15, F17 and F19 are opened, and the control valves F1, F3, F6, F8, F10, F12, F14, F16, F18 and F20 are closed; when the first heat exchange unit is used for defrosting, high-temperature refrigerant flowing through the third heat exchange unit 103 conducts heat energy to the refrigerant in the first heat exchange unit 101, the second heat exchange unit 102, the fourth heat exchange unit 104 and the fifth heat exchange unit 105 through the common heat exchange fins, the temperature-improved refrigerant and the refrigerant in the second heat exchange unit, the third heat exchange unit, the fourth heat exchange unit and the fifth heat exchange unit functioning as evaporators are combined and flow to the inlet of the compressor 3, the temperature of the refrigerant at the inlet of the compressor 3 is improved, and the temperature of the refrigerant at the outlet of the compressor 3 is further improved after compression, so that a heating effect is generated.
In the same way, the next 10 minutes, the second heat exchange unit is made to "defrost" to actually generate heat increasing effect, and the first heat exchange unit, the third heat exchange unit, the fourth heat exchange unit and the fifth heat exchange unit play the role of an evaporator to participate in heating operation, wherein F0 is normally opened and the opening degree is adjustable, at the moment, the control valves F6, F8, F1, F3, F9, F11, F13, F15, F17 and F19 are opened, and the control valves F5, F7, F2, F4, F10, F12, F14, F16, F18 and F20 are closed; at this time, the high-temperature refrigerant flowing through the third heat exchange tube group 203 of the second unit heat exchange tube group is conducted to the refrigerant in the first heat exchange tube group 201 of the second unit heat exchange tube group 202 of the second unit heat exchange tube group 204 of the second unit heat exchange tube group 205 of the second unit heat exchange tube group through the common heat exchange fin, the refrigerant with the increased temperature and the refrigerant in the first heat exchange unit, the third heat exchange unit, the fourth heat exchange unit and the fifth heat exchange unit heat exchange tube group functioning as evaporators are converged and flow to the inlet of the compressor 3, the temperature of the refrigerant at the inlet of the compressor 3 is increased, and the temperature of the refrigerant at the outlet of the compressor 3 is further increased after compression, so that the heat increasing effect is generated.
In the same way, the third heat exchange unit is subjected to defrosting for the next 10 minutes to actually generate a heat increasing effect, and the first heat exchange unit, the second heat exchange unit, the fourth heat exchange unit and the fifth heat exchange unit play a role of an evaporator to participate in heating operation, wherein F0 is normally opened and the opening degree is adjustable, at the moment, the control valves F10, F12, F1, F3, F5, F7, F13, F15, F17 and F19 are opened, and the control valves F9, F11, F2, F4, F6, F8, F14, F16, F18 and F20 are closed; at this time, the high-temperature refrigerant flowing through the third heat exchange unit heat exchange tube group three 303 conducts heat energy to the refrigerant in the first heat exchange unit heat exchange tube group 301, the second heat exchange unit heat exchange tube group 302, the fourth heat exchange unit heat exchange tube group 304 and the fifth heat exchange unit heat exchange tube group 305 through the common heat exchange fins, the refrigerant with the increased temperature and the refrigerant in the first heat exchange unit, the second heat exchange unit, the fourth heat exchange unit and the fifth heat exchange unit heat exchange tube group functioning as an evaporator are converged and flow to the inlet of the compressor 3, the temperature of the refrigerant at the inlet of the compressor 3 is increased, and the temperature of the refrigerant at the outlet of the compressor 3 is further increased after compression, so that the heat increasing effect is generated.
In the same way, the next 10 minutes, the fourth heat exchange unit is made to "defrost" to actually generate heat increasing effect, and the first heat exchange unit, the second heat exchange unit, the third heat exchange unit and the fifth heat exchange unit play the role of an evaporator to participate in heating operation, wherein F0 is normally opened and the opening degree is adjustable, at the moment, the control valves F14, F16, F1, F3, F5, F7, F9, F11, F17 and F19 are opened, and the control valves F13, F15, F2, F4, F6, F8, F10, F12, F18 and F20 are closed; at this time, the high-temperature refrigerant flowing through the third heat exchange unit heat exchange tube group 403 conducts heat energy to the refrigerant in the first heat exchange unit heat exchange tube group 401, the second heat exchange unit heat exchange tube group 402, the fourth heat exchange unit heat exchange tube group 404 and the fifth heat exchange unit heat exchange tube group 405 through the common heat exchange fins, the refrigerant with the increased temperature and the refrigerant in the first heat exchange unit, the second heat exchange unit, the third heat exchange unit and the fifth heat exchange unit heat exchange tube group functioning as an evaporator are converged and flow to the inlet of the compressor 3, the temperature of the refrigerant at the inlet of the compressor 3 is increased, and the temperature of the refrigerant at the outlet of the compressor 3 is further increased after compression, so that the heat increasing effect is generated.
In the same way, when the defrosting of the fifth heat exchange unit actually generates heating effect for the next 10 minutes, and the first heat exchange unit, the second heat exchange unit, the third heat exchange unit and the fourth heat exchange unit play the role of an evaporator to participate in heating operation, F0 is normally opened and the opening degree is adjustable, at the moment, the control valves F18, F20, F1, F3, F5, F7, F9, F11, F13 and F15 are opened, and the control valves F17, F19, F2, F4, F6, F8, F10, F12, F14 and F16 are closed; at this time, the high-temperature refrigerant flowing through the fifth heat exchange unit heat exchange tube group five 503 conducts heat energy to the refrigerant in the fifth heat exchange unit heat exchange tube group one 501, the fifth heat exchange unit heat exchange tube group two 502, the fifth heat exchange unit heat exchange tube group four 504 and the fifth heat exchange unit heat exchange tube group five 505 through the common heat exchange fins, the refrigerant with the increased temperature and the refrigerant in the first heat exchange unit, the second heat exchange unit, the third heat exchange unit and the fourth heat exchange unit heat exchange tube group functioning as evaporators are converged and flow to the inlet of the compressor 3, the temperature of the refrigerant at the inlet of the compressor 3 is increased, and after compression, the temperature of the refrigerant at the outlet of the compressor 3 is further increased, so that the heat increasing effect is generated; the five heat exchange units are used for repeatedly performing the defrosting process, which is a heating operation mode.
The number of heat exchange units for heating can be one, two, three and four in each defrosting operation mode, so that the heating intensity can be respectively defined as four heat increasing stages of first heat increasing stage, second heat increasing stage, third heat increasing stage and fourth heat increasing stage, and when the COP value of the system is not considered, the four heat increasing stages have the maximum heating intensity, the environment temperature value of the system in normal operation in an ultralow temperature environment is the lowest, the environment temperature value of the system in normal operation in the ultralow temperature environment is the lowest, and the environment temperature value of the system in normal operation in the ultralow temperature environment is the highest, and is only slightly lower than the environment temperature value of the system in normal operation in the ultralow temperature environment in normal heating operation.
When the heat increasing intensity is in the second gear, the number of the heat exchange units for increasing the heat is two in practice, namely, the heat exchange tube groups connected in a special mode in the two heat exchange units are subjected to defrosting and heat increasing, namely, the second gear heat increasing; the second-gear heat increasing process is that the first heat exchange unit and the second heat exchange unit are subjected to defrosting heat increasing at the same time, and the third heat exchange unit, the fourth heat exchange unit and the fifth heat exchange unit act as evaporators; then the second heat exchange unit and the third heat exchange unit are subjected to defrosting and heat increment simultaneously, the first heat exchange unit, the fourth heat exchange unit and the fifth heat exchange unit play the role of an evaporator, and then the third heat exchange unit and the fourth heat exchange unit are subjected to defrosting and heat increment simultaneously, and the first heat exchange unit, the second heat exchange unit and the fifth heat exchange unit play the role of an evaporator; then the fourth heat exchange unit and the fifth heat exchange unit are subjected to defrosting and heat increment simultaneously, and the first heat exchange unit, the second heat exchange unit and the third heat exchange unit act as evaporators; and then the fifth heat exchange unit and the first heat exchange unit are subjected to defrosting and heat increment at the same time, and the second heat exchange unit, the third heat exchange unit and the fourth heat exchange unit act as evaporators; and (3) after one period is finished, performing a second period, a third period and the like, and performing a cycle and a round, namely performing second-gear heat increment, namely enabling two heat exchange units to perform defrosting heat increment at the same time each time. And so on, the third gear heat increment and the fourth gear heat increment are not repeated.
When the quality of the COP value of the system is not considered, the lower the ultra-low temperature value of the environment temperature which can normally run is, the higher the heat increasing strength is; in the embodiment, the first-stage heat increment has the lowest heat increment intensity, the fourth-stage heat increment has the highest heat increment intensity, and the environment temperature value of the fourth-stage heat increment, which can normally run, is the lowest.
When considering whether the system COP value is good or bad, the embodiment tests under a certain range of ultra-low temperature environment, if the environment temperature ultra-low temperature value capable of normal operation is lower than the target temperature value, only two-gear heat increment, three-gear heat increment and four-gear heat increment are adopted, the lower the heat increment intensity is, the better the COP value of the system is, the lower the heat increment intensity is, the lowest of the three gears is, so the second gear is the optimal gear of the system COP value, and the opening degree of the F0 flow regulating valve is adjusted when the optimal gear heat increment is operated, so that the optimal COP value of the optimal gear can be obtained. This is the optimal COP value obtained on the premise that the ultra-low temperature value of the ambient temperature, which allows the system to operate normally, is lower than the target temperature value.
In this embodiment, if the COP value of the system is higher than the target value by only three steps of first-step heat addition, second-step heat addition and third-step heat addition, the lower the temperature value of the environment temperature which can normally operate is, the higher the heat addition strength of the system is, the lowest the temperature value of the environment temperature which can normally operate is, because the heat addition strength of the third-step heat addition is the highest in the three steps of first-step heat addition, second-step heat addition and third-step heat addition, the system can normally operate, so the third-step heat addition is the best step, and when the best step operates, the opening of the F0 flow regulating valve is adjusted, and the best temperature value of the environment temperature best step of the normal operation, namely the lowest temperature value of the environment temperature, can be obtained on the premise that the COP value of the system is higher than the target value. This is the lowest temperature value of the ambient temperature that allows normal operation with the system COP value higher than the target value.
The heating operation mode can ensure that the system can normally operate in the ultralow temperature environment below minus 15 ℃ by only adopting a common compressor 3 without using any auxiliary heat source.
The more heat exchange units the outdoor heat exchanger 4 comprises, the more the heat intensity can be provided with, so that the system COP value is higher than the target value requirement and the requirement of different ultra-low temperature operation can be met.
The invention is not limited to the embodiments described above, but rather more and more preferred embodiments are possible.
In patent implementation, in some cases, a gas-liquid separator, a liquid storage tank and the like are needed, the throttle elements in the prior art are various, drawings are too complicated in various cases, and the throttle elements are not innovation points and are not fully expressed in the drawings of the patent. Based on the technical scheme disclosed by the invention, a person skilled in the art can make certain substitutions and modifications to certain technical features without creative labor according to the technical content disclosed by the invention, and the substitutions and modifications are all within the protection scope of the invention.
Claims (4)
1. The utility model provides a large-and-medium-sized air conditioner of heat pump type of high-efficient defrosting, includes compressor, outdoor heat exchanger, indoor heat exchanger and throttling element, its characterized in that: the inlet and outlet E of the indoor heat exchanger are sequentially connected with the throttling element and the general inlet and outlet B of the outdoor heat exchanger, the general inlet and outlet A of the outdoor heat exchanger is connected with the interface a of the four-way switching valve, the interface B of the four-way switching valve is connected with the air inlet of the compressor, the air outlet of the compressor is connected with the interface d of the four-way switching valve, and the interface c of the four-way switching valve is connected with the inlet and outlet F of the indoor heat exchanger;
the four-way switching valve has two working states, and when in heating operation, an interface a is communicated with an interface b, and an interface c is communicated with an interface d; when in refrigeration operation, the interface a is communicated with the interface d, and the interface b is communicated with the interface c;
a three-way access port C is reserved on a pipeline between the inlet and outlet E of the indoor heat exchanger and the throttling element; a three-way access port D is reserved on a connecting pipeline between the outlet of the compressor and the interface D of the four-way switching valve;
the outdoor heat exchanger comprises at least three heat exchange units, each heat exchange unit comprises at least three heat exchange tube groups, and each heat exchange tube group is formed by connecting a plurality of heat exchange tubes in series; the heat exchange tube groups at the central position in each heat exchange unit are heat exchange tube groups connected in a special mode, and all the other heat exchange tube groups in each heat exchange unit are all connected in parallel to form a total inlet and outlet A and a total inlet and outlet B of the outdoor heat exchanger;
one end of the heat exchange tube group connected in a special mode is divided into two paths, one path is connected to a main inlet A and a main outlet A of the outdoor heat exchanger through a control valve, and the other path is connected to a three-way access port D through the control valve; the other end of the heat exchange tube group connected in a special mode is also divided into two paths, one path is connected to a main inlet and outlet B of the outdoor heat exchanger through a control valve, and the other path is connected to a three-way access port C through the control valve;
the heat exchange tube group connected in a special mode and all other heat exchange tube groups in the heat exchange unit are provided with shared heat exchange fins.
2. The efficient defrosting heat pump type large and medium air conditioner according to claim 1, wherein: when the heat exchange tube groups in each heat exchange unit are odd numbers, the heat exchange tube groups connected in a special mode are a group in the central position; when the heat exchange tube groups in each heat exchange unit are even, the heat exchange tube groups connected in a special mode are two groups or any one group of the two groups at the central position.
3. The heat pump type large and medium air conditioner for efficiently defrosting according to claim 1 or 2, wherein: and a flow regulating valve is arranged in a defrosting branch formed by the three-way inlet D, the three-way inlet C and the heat exchange tube group connected in a special mode, and the flow regulating valve is arranged at the starting end or the tail end of the defrosting branch.
4. The heat pump type large and medium air conditioner for efficiently defrosting according to claim 1 or 2, wherein: the outdoor heat exchanger comprises at least five heat exchange units, and each heat exchange unit comprises at least five heat exchange tube groups.
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