CN115031438A - Efficient defrosting heat pump type small air conditioner - Google Patents
Efficient defrosting heat pump type small air conditioner Download PDFInfo
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- CN115031438A CN115031438A CN202210679484.1A CN202210679484A CN115031438A CN 115031438 A CN115031438 A CN 115031438A CN 202210679484 A CN202210679484 A CN 202210679484A CN 115031438 A CN115031438 A CN 115031438A
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- 238000010257 thawing Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 71
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 43
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 36
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 239000003507 refrigerant Substances 0.000 description 49
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 20
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 13
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 13
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 7
- 238000005057 refrigeration Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 2
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004378 air conditioning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007664 blowing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 231100000989 no adverse effect Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B13/00—Compression machines, plants or systems, with reversible cycle
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B29/00—Combined heating and refrigeration systems, e.g. operating alternately or simultaneously
- F25B29/003—Combined heating and refrigeration systems, e.g. operating alternately or simultaneously of the compression type system
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B39/00—Evaporators; Condensers
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B41/00—Fluid-circulation arrangements
- F25B41/20—Disposition of valves, e.g. of on-off valves or flow control valves
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B47/00—Arrangements for preventing or removing deposits or corrosion, not provided for in another subclass
- F25B47/02—Defrosting cycles
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B2500/00—Problems to be solved
- F25B2500/31—Low ambient temperatures
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Compression-Type Refrigeration Machines With Reversible Cycles (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a heat pump type small air conditioner for efficiently defrosting in the field of air conditioners.A first interface of a four-way change-over valve is connected with an air outlet of a compressor, a second interface is connected with an inlet and an outlet of an indoor heat exchanger, a third interface is connected with an air inlet of the compressor, a fourth interface is connected with a general inlet and an outlet A of an outdoor heat exchanger, and a general inlet and an outlet B of the outdoor heat exchanger are sequentially connected with a throttling element, the indoor heat exchanger and a second interface of the four-way change-over valve; the outdoor heat exchanger comprises six heat exchange tube groups, wherein a first heat exchange tube group is connected with a third heat exchange tube group in series, and a fourth heat exchange tube group is connected with a sixth heat exchange tube group in series and then connected in parallel to form an inlet and an outlet A and an inlet B of the outdoor heat exchanger; a tee joint C is reserved on a pipeline between the indoor heat exchanger and the throttling element, and a tee joint D is reserved on a pipeline between the outlet of the compressor and the first four-way change-over valve; the second heat exchange tube group and the fifth heat exchange tube group can be connected in parallel to A, B or C, D through control valves; the invention has low energy consumption and uninterrupted heat energy output during defrosting, and can normally operate at ultralow temperature below 15 ℃ below zero.
Description
Technical Field
The present invention relates to a thermal apparatus, and more particularly, to an air conditioner for cooling and heating by using air energy.
Background
The prior art heat pump type air conditioner often frosts in spring in autumn, winter, and defrosting methods generally comprise an electric heater defrosting method and a reverse operation defrosting method. The defrosting method of the electric heater has long defrosting time, large energy consumption and less application. The defrosting method is operated reversely, the four-way change-over valve is used for changing the direction into a refrigeration mode, and heat is absorbed from indoor air and used for defrosting of an outdoor heat exchanger, so that the indoor temperature is reduced or cold air is blown indoors; after defrosting is finished, the compressor is stopped for protection for several minutes to recover to a heating mode, so that the compressor is frequently started and stopped, the heating temperature fluctuates, the energy efficiency is reduced, and a system in the prior art adopting an ordinary compressor cannot normally run in an ultralow temperature environment.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a heat pump type small air conditioner capable of efficiently defrosting, which can overcome the defects of the prior art, has low energy consumption and uninterrupted external heat output during defrosting, and can normally run without any auxiliary energy source under the ultralow temperature environment below 15 ℃ below zero by adopting a common compressor.
The purpose of the invention is realized as follows: a heat pump type small air conditioner capable of efficiently defrosting comprises a compressor, an outdoor heat exchanger, an indoor heat exchanger, a throttling element and a four-way switching valve, wherein an inlet and an outlet I of the indoor heat exchanger are sequentially connected with the throttling element and an inlet and an outlet B of the outdoor heat exchanger, an inlet and an outlet A of the outdoor heat exchanger are connected with a port IV of the four-way switching valve, a port III of the four-way switching valve is connected with an air inlet of the compressor, an air outlet of the compressor is connected with a port I of the four-way switching valve, and a port II of the four-way switching valve is connected with an inlet and an outlet II of the indoor heat exchanger;
the four-way conversion valve has two working states, wherein a first interface is communicated with a second interface when in heating operation, a third interface is communicated with a fourth interface, the first interface is communicated with the fourth interface when in cooling operation, and the second interface is communicated with the third interface;
the outdoor heat exchanger comprises six heat exchange tube sets, and each heat exchange tube set is formed by connecting a plurality of heat exchange tubes in series; from the edge of one side, the first heat exchange tube group is connected with the third heat exchange tube group in series, and the fourth heat exchange tube group is connected with the sixth heat exchange tube group in series and then connected in parallel to form a main inlet and outlet A of the outdoor heat exchanger and a main inlet and outlet B of the outdoor heat exchanger;
a first three-way connector is reserved on a pipeline between the first inlet/outlet of the indoor heat exchanger and the throttling element; a three-way joint II is reserved on a connecting pipeline between the outlet of the compressor and the joint I of the four-way switching valve;
one end of the second heat exchange tube group and one end of the fifth heat exchange tube group after being connected in series are divided into two paths, one path is connected to the general inlet/outlet A of the outdoor heat exchanger through the control valve I, and the other path is connected to the three-way connector II through the control valve III; and the other end of the heat exchange tube group II is connected with the other end of the heat exchange tube group III in series, one path of the heat exchange tube group II is connected to the main inlet and outlet B of the outdoor heat exchanger through a control valve II, and the other path of the heat exchange tube group II is connected to the tee joint I through a control valve IV.
The structure is arranged, when defrosting is carried out, heat is transferred from the heat exchange tube group II to the heat exchange tube group I and the heat exchange tube group III which are adjacent to two sides through the heat exchange fins, and heat is transferred from the heat exchange tube group V to the heat exchange tube group IV and the heat exchange tube group VI which are adjacent to two sides through the heat exchange fins, so that heat transfer is reasonable, energy waste is little, defrosting is fast, and energy consumption is low.
Further, all the heat exchange tube groups of the outdoor heat exchanger are provided with common heat exchange fins. The heat transfer efficiency is high, and defrosting is quicker.
Furthermore, the heat exchange tubes of the first heat exchange tube group, the second heat exchange tube group and the third heat exchange tube group are provided with common heat exchange fins; and the heat pipes of the heat exchange pipe group IV, the heat exchange pipe group V and the heat exchange pipe group VI are provided with common heat exchange fins. The six heat exchange tube components are divided into two areas, and the two areas are respectively and independently provided with the common heat exchange fins, so that when the fins in any one area generate heat and defrost, the fins in the other area still can absorb the heat energy of the air at normal low temperature because the fins in the other area are independent and not influenced.
Furthermore, two ends of the second heat exchange tube group are connected with a control valve six in a bridging mode, and two ends of the fifth heat exchange tube group are connected with a control valve seven in a bridging mode. According to the scheme, the control valve six and the control valve seven are switched to enable one of the heat exchange tube group two or the heat exchange tube group five to be in short circuit in turn without participating in heat transfer, the heat exchange fins shared by one of the heat exchange tube groups and the adjacent heat exchange tube group are not heated in turn, the heat exchange fins which are not heated can normally absorb the heat energy of air to play a role of an evaporator, and the COP value of the system is improved; the heat exchange tube group which is not short-circuited has the flow of high-temperature refrigerant, and the heat is transferred to the common heat exchange fins to melt and remove frost on the heat exchange tubes.
Furthermore, a control valve nine is inserted on a pipeline of the heat exchange tube group II and the heat exchange tube group V which are connected in series, two ends of the control valve nine are further divided into four paths outwards, wherein one end of the control valve nine is divided into two paths, one path is connected to the main inlet and outlet B of the outdoor heat exchanger through a control valve twelve, and the other path is connected to the first three-way connector through a control valve thirteen; the other end of the control valve nine is also divided into two paths, one path is connected to the general inlet and outlet A of the outdoor heat exchanger through the control valve eleven, and the other path is connected to the three-way connector II through the control valve eight. According to the scheme, when one of the second heat exchange tube group and the fifth heat exchange tube group conducts heat and defrosting, the other heat exchange tube group is still connected in parallel between the inlet and the outlet A of the outdoor heat exchanger and the inlet and the outlet B of the outdoor heat exchanger to play a role of an evaporator, so that half of the outdoor heat exchanger is defrosting in turn in the defrosting operation process, the other half of the outdoor heat exchanger still plays a role of the evaporator, and better working efficiency is obviously achieved.
Furthermore, the second three-way interface is connected with the second heat exchange tube group and the fifth heat exchange tube group through control valves, and a flow control valve is arranged in a branch pipeline formed by connecting the control valves with the first three-way interface, and is arranged at the starting end or the tail end of the branch pipeline. The proportion of the heat energy distributed by the defrosting branch can be adjusted through the flow control valve, the energy efficiency ratio of the system can be influenced when the proportion is too high or too low, and the optimal COP value under the existing condition can be obtained through the proper proportion.
The invention has the further improvement that the invention also comprises a water tank heat exchanger arranged in the hot water tank, wherein the inlet and the outlet of the water tank heat exchanger are divided into two paths, one path is connected with a second connector of the four-way change-over valve through a fifteen-way control valve, the other path is connected with a fourth connector of the four-way change-over valve through a nineteen-way control valve, the inlet and the outlet of the water tank heat exchanger are divided into two paths, one path is connected with a first three-way connector through a sixteen control valve, the other path is connected with a third three-way connector through a fourteen control valve, the third three-way connector is arranged on a pipeline connecting a main inlet and outlet B of the outdoor heat exchanger with a throttling element, and a seventeen control valve is also connected in series on a pipeline connecting the third three-way connector with the main inlet and outlet B of the outdoor heat exchanger; and eighteen control valves are arranged in any one of the two pipelines which are connected with the inlet and the outlet of the indoor heat exchanger and the inlet and the outlet of the indoor heat exchanger outwards. The scheme can realize that hot water can be generated during refrigerating operation and heating operation, the application range of the air conditioning device is widened, and especially the energy efficiency ratio of the hot water generated during refrigerating operation in summer is doubled compared with that of the hot water generated during pure heating operation.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1) the defrosting is rapid, the energy consumption is low, the hot air output is uninterrupted during defrosting, and the indoor temperature does not fluctuate obviously during heating. The process of heating hot water in the water tank is uninterrupted during defrosting operation, the temperature of the output hot water has no obvious fluctuation, and no adverse effect is caused when the hot water is used for heating or heating materials.
2) The heat pump has the function of increasing heat, only one common compressor is adopted to realize the production of hot air or hot water with higher temperature for drying and the like at low cost, and the common compressor can realize normal operation without an auxiliary heat source in an ultralow temperature environment.
3) The system can generate hot water while cooling the indoor in the refrigerating operation in summer, the COP value of the system can reach 8 to 10, and the energy efficiency ratio is doubled compared with that of the system which generates hot water in the pure heating operation.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the operation of a first structure of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a working principle diagram of a second structure of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the operation of a third configuration of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a working principle diagram of a fourth structure of the invention.
Fig. 5 is a working principle diagram of a fifth structure of the present invention.
Fig. 6 is a working principle diagram of a sixth structure of the present invention.
Fig. 7 is a working principle diagram of a seventh structure of the present invention.
Fig. 8 is a working principle diagram of the eighth structure of the present invention.
Fig. 9 is an operation principle diagram of the ninth structure of the present invention.
Fig. 10 is an operation principle diagram of a tenth structure of the present invention.
Fig. 11 is a working principle diagram of the eleventh structure of the present invention.
Fig. 12 is a schematic diagram of the twelfth structure of the present invention.
In the figure, 1 compressor, 2 indoor heat exchanger, 3 throttling element, 4 outdoor heat exchanger, 5a, 5b heat exchange fin, 6 water tank heat exchanger, a interface I, b interface II, C interface III, D interface IV, 101 heat exchange tube group I, 102 heat exchange tube group II, 103 heat exchange tube group III, 104 heat exchange tube group IV, 105 heat exchange tube group V, 106 heat exchange tube group VI, F1 control valve I, F2 control valve II, F3 control valve III, F4 control valve IV, F5 flow control valve, F6 control valve VI, F7 control valve VII, F8 control valve VIII, F9 control valve nine, F10 control valve ten, F11 control valve eleven, F12 control valve twelve, F13 control valve thirteen, F14 control valve fourteen, F15 control valve fifteen, F16 control valve sixteen, F17 control valve seventeen, F18 control valve eighteen, F19 control valve nineteen, three-way joint C interface I, three-way joint E interface E, and three-way joint E.
Detailed Description
Example 1
As shown in fig. 1, the heat pump type small air conditioner for efficiently defrosting includes a compressor 1, an outdoor heat exchanger 4, an indoor heat exchanger 2, a throttling element 3 and a four-way switching valve, wherein an outlet of the compressor 1 is connected with the four-way switching valve, and the four-way switching valve includes four ports, namely, a port one, a port two, a port three and a port four; when the heating device works, the heating device has two working states, when in heating operation, the first interface a is communicated with the second interface b, and the third interface c is communicated with the fourth interface d; when the refrigerating operation is carried out, the first interface a is communicated with the fourth interface d, and the second interface b is communicated with the third interface c;
the outdoor heat exchanger 4 comprises six heat exchange tube sets, and each heat exchange tube set is formed by connecting a plurality of heat exchange tubes in series; from one side edge, the first heat exchange tube group 101 is connected with the third heat exchange tube group 103 in series, the fourth heat exchange tube group 104 is connected with the sixth heat exchange tube group 106 in series, and the first heat exchange tube group 101 and the third heat exchange tube group 103 which are connected in series are connected with the fourth heat exchange tube group 104 and the sixth heat exchange tube group 106 which are connected in series in parallel to form a total inlet/outlet A and a total inlet/outlet B of the outdoor heat exchanger 4; a first three-way connector C is reserved on a pipeline between the indoor heat exchanger 2 and the throttling element 3; a three-way connector II is reserved on a connecting pipeline between the outlet of the compressor 1 and the four-way conversion valve connector I;
one end of the second heat exchange tube group 102 connected with the fifth heat exchange tube group 105 in series is divided into two paths, one path is connected to a main inlet and outlet A of the outdoor heat exchanger 4 through a first control valve F1, and the other path is connected to a second three-way connector D through a third control valve F3; the other end of the second heat exchange tube group 102 and the fifth heat exchange tube group 105 which are connected in series is divided into two paths, one path is connected to a main inlet/outlet B of the outdoor heat exchanger 4 through a second control valve F2, and the other path is connected to a first three-way connector C through a fourth control valve F4.
All heat exchange tube groups of the outdoor heat exchanger 4 are provided with common heat exchange fins 5.
When in operation, the device has the following three operation modes.
First, normal refrigeration operation
At the moment, a first interface a of the four-way conversion valve is communicated with a fourth interface d, and a second interface b is communicated with a third interface c; the first control valve F1 and the second control valve F2 are opened, the third control valve F3 and the fourth control valve F4 are closed, the six heat exchange tube sets of the outdoor heat exchanger 4 jointly play a role of a condenser, all the six heat exchange tube sets of the outdoor heat exchanger 4 play a role of the condenser, high-temperature and high-pressure refrigerant at the outlet of the compressor 1 radiates heat in the outdoor heat exchanger 4, after being condensed, the refrigerant is throttled and reduced in pressure by the throttling element 3, then is evaporated and absorbed in the indoor heat exchanger 2, the indoor temperature is reduced, the indoor refrigeration effect is achieved, and then the refrigerant enters the compressor 1 again to complete one working cycle.
Second, conventional heating operation
At the moment, a first connector a of the four-way switching valve is communicated with a second connector b, and a third connector c is communicated with a fourth connector d; the first control valve F1 and the second control valve F2 are opened, the third control valve F3 and the fourth control valve F4 are closed, all six heat exchange tube sets of the outdoor heat exchanger 4 play a role of an evaporator, high-temperature and high-pressure refrigerant at the outlet of the compressor 1 radiates heat in the indoor heat exchanger 2 to improve the indoor temperature, after being condensed, the refrigerant is throttled and decompressed by the throttling element 3, and then is evaporated and absorbed heat in the outdoor heat exchanger 4 and enters the compressor 1 again to complete a working cycle.
Third, defrosting operation
When the outdoor heat exchanger 4 frosts, the heating operation state is kept unchanged, namely, a first interface a of the four-way conversion valve is communicated with a second interface b, and a third interface c is communicated with a fourth interface d; the first control valve F1 and the second control valve F2 are closed, the third control valve F3 and the fourth control valve F4 are opened, at this time,
a main loop: most of high-temperature and high-pressure refrigerant at the outlet of the compressor 1 enters the indoor heat exchanger 2 through the first connector a and the second connector b of the four-way conversion valve to be condensed and released, is throttled and depressurized through the throttling element 3, flows through the outdoor heat exchanger 4 and then enters the compressor 1, and a working cycle is completed.
Defrosting branch: and a part of high-temperature and high-pressure refrigerant which is branched out from the three-way connector II D at the outlet of the compressor 1 enters the heat exchange tube group II 102 through the control valve III F3 and enters the heat exchange tube group V105 to release heat so as to melt and remove frost on the heat exchange fins 5, and the cooled refrigerant flows to the three-way connector I C through the control valve IV F4 and then is converged with the main loop refrigerant. In the process, the heat exchange tube group II 102 and the heat exchange tube group V105 which are connected in series play a role of a 'second condenser', the heat is transferred to the heat exchange tube groups adjacent to each other through the shared heat exchange fins respectively, frost on the shared heat exchange fins 5 is removed by being melted by heat, the heat is well transferred in the metal fins, the refrigerant is condensed to release heat, the phase change heat is released, the heat release amount is large, the defrosting is rapid, the time is extremely short, the heat energy which is not used up is rapidly absorbed by the refrigerant in the heat exchange tube group I101, the heat exchange tube group III 103, the heat exchange tube group IV 104 and the heat exchange tube group VI 106 adjacent to each other through the heat exchange fins, and a certain amount of heat energy is supplemented to the main loop. When defrosting is carried out, the action of the main loop evaporator absorbing heat from the atmosphere is almost completely lost, but certain compensation is obtained from the circulation of the defrosting branch, and because defrosting is rapid and short in time, the indoor heat exchanger 2 functioning as a condenser can still maintain output heat energy in a short time without interruption, and the overall heating effect does not have obvious fluctuation.
Example 2
As shown in fig. 2, the second heat pump type small air conditioner for efficiently defrosting is different from embodiment 1 in that:
1. a control valve six F6 is bridged across two ends of the second heat exchange tube group 102, and a control valve seven F7 is bridged across two ends of the fifth heat exchange tube group 105.
2. The first heat exchange tube group 101, the second heat exchange tube group 102 and the third heat exchange tube group 103 are provided with common heat exchange fins 5 a; and the heat exchange tube group IV 104, the heat exchange tube group V105 and the heat exchange tube group VI 106 are provided with common heat exchange fins 5 b. That is, the heat exchange fins of the evaporator 4 are divided into two parts 5a and 5b independent of each other.
When in operation, the four operation modes are as follows.
First, normal refrigeration operation
The operation mode is exactly the same as that of embodiment 1, except that the six control valves F6 and the seven control valves F7 are all closed.
Second, conventional heating operation
The operation mode is exactly the same as that of embodiment 1, except that the six control valves F6 and the seven control valves F7 are all closed.
Third, defrosting operation
Different from the embodiment 1, the control valve six F6 and the control valve seven F7 can be opened and closed alternately, and the effect is that one of the heat exchange tube sets can be short-circuited, and only the other heat exchange tube set is kept working. The fins of the whole evaporator are divided into two parts, when one fin is defrosted, the other fin is still kept at low temperature to absorb atmospheric heat energy to work for the evaporator, namely, one half of the fins always work for the evaporator during defrosting, the process of the evaporator absorbing energy from the atmosphere does not pause, and after defrosting is finished, all the heat exchange tube sets work for the evaporator. During defrosting, the energy absorbed by the whole evaporator from the atmosphere is reduced compared with that in the conventional heating operation, but a certain amount of heat energy is supplemented from the heat exchange tube group functioning as the second condenser, so that the indoor temperature does not fluctuate obviously.
The defrosting operation process is as follows: firstly, closing a first control valve F1, a second control valve F2 and a sixth control valve F6, opening a third control valve F3, a seventh control valve F7 and a fourth control valve F4, enabling high-pressure high-temperature refrigerant branched by a defrosting branch to flow through a second heat exchange tube set 102 from a second D point of a three-way joint through a third control valve F3, enabling frost on a common heat exchange fin 5a to be melted and removed by heat release of the second heat exchange tube set 102 at the moment, enabling the cooled refrigerant to flow through the seventh control valve F7 and the fourth control valve F4, enabling the refrigerant flowing to a first C point of the three-way joint to be merged with the refrigerant of the main loop, and enabling the refrigerant to flow together with the refrigerant of the main loop; at this time, the second heat exchange tube set 102 releases heat and defrosts, no high-temperature refrigerant flows through the fifth heat exchange tube set 105 due to the short-circuit effect of the control valve seven F7, and the heat exchange fins shared by the fifth heat exchange tube set 104 and the sixth heat exchange tube set 106 maintain normal low temperature to absorb the heat energy of the atmosphere, so that the fourth heat exchange tube set 104 and the sixth heat exchange tube set 106 completely and normally function as evaporators; at this time, the heat energy which is not used up after defrosting is conducted to the refrigerants in the first heat exchange tube group 101 and the third heat exchange tube group 103 through the heat exchange fins, and a certain amount of heat energy is supplemented to the main loop. Then, closing the first control valve F1, the second control valve F2 and the seventh control valve F7, opening the third control valve F3, the sixth control valve F6 and the fourth control valve F4, enabling the high-pressure high-temperature refrigerant branched by the defrosting branch to pass through the third control valve F3, the sixth control valve F6 and the fifth heat exchange tube group 105 from the second point D of the three-way connector, enabling frost on the common heat exchange fin 5b to be melted and removed at the moment when the fifth heat exchange tube group 105 releases heat, enabling the cooled refrigerant to flow through the fourth control valve F4, enabling the refrigerant flowing to the first point C of the three-way connector to be merged with the refrigerant of the main loop, and enabling the refrigerant to flow together with the refrigerant of the main loop; at this time, the fifth heat exchange tube group 105 releases heat and defrosts, no high-temperature refrigerant flows through the second heat exchange tube group 102 due to the short circuit effect of the control valve six F6, and the heat exchange fins shared by the fifth heat exchange tube group 101 and the third heat exchange tube group 103 maintain normal low temperature to absorb the heat energy of the atmosphere, so that the first heat exchange tube group 101 and the third heat exchange tube group 103 completely and normally function as evaporators; and after defrosting is finished, the conventional heating running state can be recovered.
In the defrosting operation of the embodiment 1, almost no heat exchange tube group of the main loop completely and normally functions as an evaporator, the output heat energy of the indoor heat exchanger can be maintained without interruption in a short time by mainly utilizing the feedback heat energy provided by the defrosting branch, and in the defrosting operation of the embodiment 2, because the main loop always has 2 heat exchange tube groups completely and normally functions as the evaporator, the efficiency of the defrosting operation is improved compared with the embodiment 1.
In addition to the three operation modes of heating operation, cooling operation, and defrosting operation in embodiment 1, embodiment 2 may have the following heating operation mode.
Fourth, heat increasing operation
The working process is similar to defrosting operation, and long-time cyclic reciprocating operation is needed. In an ultra-low temperature environment below-15 ℃, the temperature of air entering the evaporator is too low, even if the selected refrigerant meets the use requirement of the ultra-low temperature environment, the temperature of the refrigerant entering the compressor after the heat absorption and evaporation of the evaporator is correspondingly lower, and the temperature of the refrigerant at the outlet of the compressor is difficult to reach the temperature required normally when the compression ratio of the compressor is used to the limit. In the embodiment 2 of the present invention, a special "defrosting mode" may be adopted to perform heating, for example, within 10 minutes, by closing the first control valve F1, the second control valve F2, the sixth control valve F6, opening the third control valve F3, the fourth control valve F4, and the seventh control valve F7, the second heat exchange tube group 102 functions as a second condenser, and the fifth heat exchange tube group 105 functions as neither a second condenser nor an evaporator; in the next 10 minutes, closing the first control valve F1, the second control valve F2 and the seventh control valve F7, opening the third control valve F3, the fourth control valve F4 and the sixth control valve F6, so that the fifth heat exchange tube group 105 can play a role of a second condenser, and the second heat exchange tube group 102 can play a role of neither the second condenser nor the evaporator; repeating this process in turn becomes a heating mode of operation. In this operation mode, one part of the heat exchange tube sets always functions as an evaporator, and one heat exchange tube set in the other part of the heat exchange tube sets functions as a second condenser to condense and generate heat to transfer the heat to the refrigerant in the adjacent heat exchange tube set through the common heat exchange fins, so that the temperature of the refrigerant is increased, and the temperature of the refrigerant after being heated is merged with the refrigerant in the main loop and enters the compressor 1, so that the temperature of the refrigerant after being compressed by the compressor is further increased, and a heating effect is generated. The process is repeated cyclically, namely a heating operation mode.
The heating operation mode adopts an ordinary compressor, so that the refrigerant at the outlet of the compressor 1 in the ultralow temperature environment can reach the proper temperature for heating, thereby realizing the normal operation in the ultralow temperature environment without any auxiliary heat source. The heating operation mode can also enable the indoor heat exchanger 2 to output hot air with high temperature of more than 60 ℃ for drying and the like.
When the heating operation mode is adopted in the ultra-low temperature environment, frost is not likely to be generated on the heat exchange fins of the outdoor heat exchanger 4, and the heat exchange fins are heated in turn, so that defrosting is not needed.
Example 3
As shown in fig. 3, the third heat pump type small air conditioner for efficiently defrosting is different from embodiment 1 in that:
1) a control valve nine F9 is inserted in a pipeline formed by serially connecting the second heat exchange tube group 102 and the fifth heat exchange tube group 105, two ends of the control valve nine F9 are further divided into four paths outwards, wherein one end of the control valve nine F9 is divided into two paths, one path is connected to a main inlet/outlet B of the outdoor heat exchanger 4 through a control valve twelve F12, and the other path is connected to a three-way connector C through a control valve thirteen F13; the other end of the control valve nine F9 is also divided into two paths, one path is connected to the general inlet/outlet A of the outdoor heat exchanger 4 through the control valve eleven F11, and the other path is connected to the three-way connector II D through the control valve eight F8.
2) The heat exchange tubes of the first heat exchange tube group 101, the second heat exchange tube group 102 and the third heat exchange tube group 103 are provided with common heat exchange fins 5 a; the heat pipes exchanged by the heat exchange pipe group four 104, the heat exchange pipe group five 105 and the heat exchange pipe group six 106 are provided with common heat exchange fins 5 b. That is, the evaporator has the heat exchange fin divided into two parts independent of each other.
When in operation, the following four operation modes are provided.
First, normal refrigeration operation
A first interface a of the four-way conversion valve is communicated with a fourth interface d, and a second interface b is communicated with a third interface c; the control valves F1, F9 and F2 are opened, the control valves F11, F3, F13, F8, F4 and F12 are closed, the six heat exchange tube sets are used as outdoor heat exchangers to play the role of condensers, high-temperature refrigerant of the compressor 1 flows to a joint four d-one a-of the four-way switching valve, heat is released by the outdoor heat exchanger 4, the throttling element 3-the indoor heat exchanger 2 absorbs indoor air heat energy, and a joint two b-a joint three c-of the four-way switching valve flows back to the compressor 1 to complete a heat exchange cycle.
Second, conventional heating operation
A first interface a of the four-way conversion valve is communicated with a second interface b, and a third interface c is communicated with a fourth interface d; opening control valves F1, F9 and F2, closing control valves F11, F3, F13, F8, F4 and F12, and enabling the six heat exchange tube sets to serve as outdoor heat exchangers to function as evaporators; the heat exchanger 4 absorbs atmospheric heat energy to flow to a four-way conversion valve interface four d-three c-compressor 1-four-way conversion valve interface one a-interface two b-indoor heat exchanger 2 heat release-throttling element 3-flow back to the evaporator 4 to complete a heat exchange cycle.
Third, defrosting operation
A first interface a of the four-way conversion valve is communicated with a second interface b, and a third interface c is communicated with a fourth interface d;
when in defrosting operation, one of the second heat exchange tube group 102 and the fifth heat exchange tube group 105 can be used for defrosting, the other heat exchange tube group can be connected between the main inlet and outlet A and the main inlet and outlet B of the outdoor heat exchanger 4 in parallel, namely, 3 heat exchange tube groups can always play a role of an evaporator, and compared with the embodiment 2, 1 more heat exchange tube groups play a role of an evaporator, so that the outdoor heat exchanger 4 is ensured to have better working efficiency of the evaporator during defrosting, and the working efficiency of the system is further improved.
The method comprises the following steps: alternately, firstly, the second heat exchange tube group 102 is subjected to heat recovery and defrosting, the control valve II F2, the control valve eleventh F11, the control valve III F3 and the control valve thirteen F13 are opened, the control valve I F1 and the control valve twelfth F12 are closed, the control valve IV F4, the control valve eighth F8 and the control valve ninth F9 are opened, only the second heat exchange tube group 102 is subjected to heat recovery and defrosting, the fifth heat exchange tube group 105 is connected in parallel between the main inlet and outlet A and the main inlet and outlet B of the outdoor heat exchanger 4, and the first heat exchange tube group 101, the third heat exchange tube group 103, the fourth heat exchange tube group 104 and the sixth heat exchange tube group 106 form an evaporator together, wherein 3 heat exchange tube groups (1 more than the embodiment 2) including the fourth heat exchange tube group 104, the fifth heat exchange tube group 105 and the sixth heat exchange tube group 106 completely and normally absorb heat from the air, while the first heat exchange tube group 101 and the third heat exchange tube group 103 mainly absorb excess heat recovery and defrosting provided by the second heat exchange tube group 102 through heat exchange fins, and the first heat exchange tube group 101 and the heat recovery and defrosting, The temperature of the refrigerant in the heat exchange tube set three 103 will also rise slightly.
And then, the five 105 heat exchange tube groups are regenerated and defrosted in turn, the process is similar to the process, only different control valves are opened and closed, and the description is omitted, so that the efficiency of the embodiment 3 is improved compared with that of the embodiment 2.
Fourth, heat increasing operation
The working process is similar to defrosting operation, but long-time cyclic reciprocating operation is required. In an ultra-low temperature environment below-15 ℃ or even lower than-20 ℃, the temperature of air entering the evaporator is too low, even if the used refrigerant meets the use requirement of the ultra-low temperature environment in the prior art, the temperature of the refrigerant entering the compressor after the heat absorption and evaporation of the evaporator is correspondingly lower, and the temperature of the refrigerant at the outlet of the compressor is difficult to reach the temperature required normally when the compression ratio of the compressor is used to the limit. The heating operation of the present invention in embodiment 3 is similar to the defrosting mode, for example, within 10 minutes, by closing the first control valve F1, the twelfth control valve F12, the ninth control valve F9, the fourth control valve F4, the eighth control valve F8, opening the third control valve F3, the thirteenth control valve F13, the second control valve F2, and the eleventh control valve F11, the second heat exchange tube group 102 functions as a second condenser, and the fifth heat exchange tube group 105, the fourth heat exchange tube group 104, and the sixth heat exchange tube group 106 function as an evaporator; in the next 10 minutes, the heat exchange tube group five 105 is enabled to function as a second condenser, and the heat exchange tube group two 102, the heat exchange tube group one 101 and the heat exchange tube group three 103 are enabled to function as an evaporator together by closing the control valve three F3, the control valve thirteen F13, the control valve two F2, the control valve eleven F11 and the control valve nine F9, and opening the control valve one F1, the control valve twelve F12, the control valve four F4 and the control valve eight F8; repeating this process in turn becomes a heating mode of operation. In this operation mode, one part of the heat exchange tube sets always functions as an evaporator, and one heat exchange tube set in the other part of the heat exchange tube sets functions as a second condenser, the heat exchange tube sets generate heat to transfer heat to the refrigerant in the adjacent heat exchange tube sets through the shared heat exchange fins to increase the temperature of the refrigerant, and the temperature of the refrigerant after being heated is increased when the refrigerant is merged with the refrigerant in the main loop and enters the compressor 1, so that the temperature of the compressed refrigerant is further increased, and a heating effect is generated. The process is repeated cyclically, namely a heating operation mode.
The heating operation mode adopts an ordinary compressor, so that the refrigerant at the outlet of the compressor 1 can reach a proper temperature in the ultralow temperature environment, thereby realizing the normal operation in the ultralow temperature environment without any auxiliary heat source. The heating operation mode may allow the indoor heat exchanger 2 to produce heated air at a higher temperature, such as above 60 c, for more uses.
When the heat increasing operation mode is adopted in the ultralow temperature environment, frost cannot be generated on the heat exchange fins of the evaporator, and the heat exchange fins are heated in turn, so that defrosting is not needed.
Examples 4 to 6
As shown in fig. 4, 5 and 6, a fourth, a fifth and a sixth heat pump type small air conditioner for defrosting with high efficiency respectively correspond to embodiments 1, 2 and 3 one by one, and the difference is that: and a flow control valve F5 is arranged in a branch pipeline formed by connecting the three-way interface II D with the heat exchange tube group II 102 and the heat exchange tube group V105 through control valves and connecting the three-way interface II with the three-way interface I C through the control valves. The flow control valve F5 is provided at the start or end position in the branch line.
The flow control valve F5 can control the flow, so that the heat proportion of the defrosting branch can be adjusted, and the appropriate proportion can optimize the COP value of the system.
Examples 7 to 9
In heating operation, as shown in fig. 7, 8 and 9, respectively, a seventh, an eighth and a ninth highly efficient defrosting heat pump type small air conditioner is respectively corresponding to the embodiments 4, 5 and 6, and the difference is that
The water tank heat exchanger is arranged in a hot water tank, an inlet and an outlet of the water tank heat exchanger are divided into two paths, one path is connected with a second connector B of the four-way change-over valve through a fifteen F15 control valve, the other path is connected with a fourth connector d of the four-way change-over valve through a nineteen F19 control valve, an inlet and an outlet of the water tank heat exchanger are divided into two paths, one path is connected with a first three-way connector C through a sixteen F16 control valve, the other path is connected with a third three-way connector E through a control valve F14, the third three-way connector E is arranged on a pipeline connecting an inlet and an outlet B of the outdoor heat exchanger and a throttling element, and a seventeen F17 control valve is further connected in series on a pipeline connecting the third three-way connector E with the main inlet and outlet B of the outdoor heat exchanger; and a control valve eighteen F18 is arranged on any one of the two pipelines which are connected with the inlet and the outlet of the indoor heat exchanger and the inlet and the outlet of the indoor heat exchanger outwards.
In heating operation, the tank heat exchanger 6 functions as a condenser to generate hot water. The method comprises the following steps: and closing the control valve eighteen F18 to stop the indoor heat exchanger 2, stopping blowing hot air, closing the control valve fourteen F14 and the control valve nineteen F19, opening the control valve fifteen F15, the control valve sixteen F16 and the control valve seventeen F17, and at the moment, the water tank heat exchanger 6 serves as a condenser to completely replace the indoor heat exchanger 2 so as to heat water in the water tank.
The embodiment 8 and the embodiment 9 can also perform heating operation (see the description of the embodiment 2 and the embodiment 3), and the heating operation mode can further improve the water temperature in the water tank, for example, to be more than 60 ℃, or enable the water tank to normally operate under the ultralow temperature condition below-15 ℃.
Examples 10 to 12
As shown in fig. 10, 11, and 12, the refrigerant flow state diagrams in the cooling operation of examples 7, 8, and 9 correspond to examples 4, 5, and 6, respectively. The four-way change-over valve connector II b is communicated with the connector III c, the connector I a is communicated with the connector IV d, the control valve eighteen F18 is opened, the indoor heat exchanger 2 is used as an evaporator to absorb indoor air heat energy to cool the indoor, the control valve fourteen F14, the control valve nineteen F19 are opened, the control valve fifteen F15, the control valve sixteen F16 and the control valve seventeen F17 are closed, and the working mode is as follows: the outdoor heat exchanger 4 stops working, the water tank heat exchanger 6 replaces the outdoor heat exchanger 4 to serve as a condenser to generate hot water, the hot water is generated while indoor refrigeration is carried out, the heat energy utilization rate is particularly high, the COP value of the system can reach 8-10, and the COP value of the system is generally 4-5 when the water is heated in a pure refrigeration mode or a heating mode. When hot water does not need to be produced in the cooling operation state, the water tank heat exchanger 6 can be closed, the outdoor heat exchanger 4 is started to radiate heat to the outside, and the operation can be realized by only opening the control valve seventeen F17, closing the control valve fourteen F14, the control valve fifteen F15, the control valve sixteen F16 and the control valve nineteen F19.
The invention is not limited to the above embodiments, in the patent implementation, in some cases, a gas-liquid separator, a liquid storage tank and the like are additionally needed, the throttling elements in the prior art are also various, the drawings are too complicated to exhaust various situations, and the drawings are not innovative points, so that the throttling elements are not expressed in detail in the patent drawings. Based on the technical solutions disclosed in the present invention, those skilled in the art can make some substitutions and modifications to some technical features without creative efforts based on the technical contents disclosed, and the substitutions and modifications are all within the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. The utility model provides a high-efficient heat pump type small-size air conditioner who defrosts, includes compressor, outdoor heat exchanger, indoor heat exchanger, throttling element and four-way change-over valve, its characterized in that: the inlet and outlet I of the indoor heat exchanger are sequentially connected with a throttling element and an outdoor heat exchanger main inlet and outlet B, the outdoor heat exchanger main inlet and outlet A is connected with a port IV of a four-way change-over valve, a port III of the four-way change-over valve is connected with an air inlet of a compressor, an air outlet of the compressor is connected with a port I of the four-way change-over valve, and a port II of the four-way change-over valve is connected with a port II of the indoor heat exchanger;
the four-way conversion valve has two working states, wherein a first interface is communicated with a second interface when in heating operation, a third interface is communicated with a fourth interface, the first interface is communicated with the fourth interface when in cooling operation, and the second interface is communicated with the third interface;
the outdoor heat exchanger comprises six heat exchange tube sets, and each heat exchange tube set is formed by connecting a plurality of heat exchange tubes in series; from the edge of one side, the first heat exchange tube group is connected with the third heat exchange tube group in series, and the fourth heat exchange tube group is connected with the sixth heat exchange tube group in series and then connected in parallel to form a main inlet and outlet A of the outdoor heat exchanger and a main inlet and outlet B of the outdoor heat exchanger;
a first three-way connector is reserved on a pipeline between the first inlet/outlet of the indoor heat exchanger and the throttling element; a three-way interface II is reserved on a connecting pipeline between the outlet of the compressor and the interface I of the four-way conversion valve;
one end of the heat exchange tube group II after being connected with the heat exchange tube group V in series is divided into two paths, one path is connected to the main inlet and outlet A of the outdoor heat exchanger through the control valve I, and the other path is connected to the tee joint II through the control valve III; the other end of the heat exchange tube group II after being connected with the heat exchange tube group V in series is divided into two paths, one path is connected to the main inlet and outlet B of the outdoor heat exchanger through the control valve II, and the other path is connected to the tee joint I through the control valve IV.
2. A heat pump type small air conditioner for efficiently defrosting according to claim 1, wherein: all heat exchange tube groups of the outdoor heat exchanger are provided with common heat exchange fins.
3. The heat pump type small air conditioner for efficiently defrosting according to claim 1, wherein: the first heat exchange tube group, the second heat exchange tube group and the third heat exchange tube group are provided with shared heat exchange fins; and the heat exchange tube group IV, the heat exchange tube group V and the heat exchange tube group VI are provided with common heat exchange fins.
4. A heat pump type small air conditioner for efficiently defrosting according to claim 1, wherein: and a control valve six is bridged at two ends of the heat exchange tube group II, and a control valve seven is bridged at two ends of the heat exchange tube group five.
5. A heat pump type small air conditioner for efficiently defrosting according to claim 1, wherein: a control valve nine is connected in series on a pipeline of the heat exchange tube group II and the heat exchange tube group V in series connection, two ends of the control valve nine are further divided into four paths outwards, wherein one end of the control valve nine is divided into two paths, one path is connected to a main inlet and outlet B of the outdoor heat exchanger through a control valve twelve, and the other path is connected to the tee joint I through a control valve thirteen; the other end of the control valve nine is also divided into two paths, one path is connected to the general inlet and outlet A of the outdoor heat exchanger through the control valve eleven, and the other path is connected to the three-way connector II through the control valve eight.
6. A heat pump type small air conditioner for efficiently defrosting according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein: the three-way connector II is connected with the heat exchange tube group II and the heat exchange tube group V through control valves, and a flow control valve is arranged in a branch pipeline formed by connecting the three-way connector II with the three-way connector I through the control valves, and is arranged at the starting end or the tail end of the branch pipeline.
7. A heat pump type small air conditioner for efficiently defrosting according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein: the water tank heat exchanger is arranged in a hot water tank, an inlet and an outlet of the water tank heat exchanger are divided into two paths, one path of the inlet and the outlet is connected with a second connector of the four-way switching valve through a control valve fifteen, the other path of the inlet and the outlet is connected with a fourth connector of the four-way switching valve through a control valve nineteen, the inlet and the outlet of the water tank heat exchanger are divided into two paths, one path of the inlet and the outlet is connected with a first three-way connector through a control valve sixteen, the other path of the inlet and the outlet is connected with a third three-way connector through a control valve fourteen, the third three-way connector is arranged on a pipeline connecting an inlet and an outlet B of the outdoor heat exchanger with a throttling element, and a pipeline connecting the third three-way connector with the inlet and the outlet B of the outdoor heat exchanger is also connected with a seventeen control valve in series; and eighteen control valves are arranged in any one of the two pipelines which are externally connected with the inlet and the outlet of the indoor heat exchanger and the inlet and the outlet of the indoor heat exchanger.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN115235141A (en) * | 2022-07-14 | 2022-10-25 | 黄永年 | Efficient defrosting heat pump type small air conditioner |
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| CN115031438B (en) | 2023-12-26 |
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