CN115031236A - An organic hazardous waste integrated plasma multi-stage gasification melting furnace device, system and method - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses an organic hazardous waste integrated plasma multistage gasification melting furnace device, system and method, comprising a countercurrent rotary primary gasification furnace, a vertical secondary gasification furnace, a molten pool, and a spiral feeder for hazardous wastes. Feeding device, flux feeding device, burner, plasma torch, primary gasification fan, secondary gasification fan, oxygen meter and syngas composition analyzer, where the burner is used to adjust the temperature of the primary gasifier , the plasma torch is used to adjust the temperature of the secondary gasifier. The invention adopts two-stage gasification treatment, which reduces the operating load of the plasma torch and improves the reliability of the gasification and melting process, thereby reducing the installed capacity and operating power of the plasma torch, and significantly enhancing the integrated plasma gasification and melting treatment. The material universality and economy of organic hazardous waste reduces the investment and operation cost of the industrial application of plasma gasification and melting of organic hazardous waste.

Description

An organic hazardous waste integrated plasma multi-stage gasification melting furnace device, system systems and methods

technical field

The invention relates to the field of organic hazardous waste treatment technology and equipment, in particular to an organic hazardous waste integrated plasma multi-stage gasification melting furnace device, system and method, belonging to the technical field of organic hazardous waste disposal.

Background technique

The comprehensive treatment of organic hazardous waste mainly adopts the rotary kiln incineration technology. When the rotary kiln comprehensively incinerates various types of organic hazardous wastes, there are problems such as incomplete reaction, high ignition loss rate of incineration residues, small actual processing capacity, and dioxin pollution. The incineration residues and fly ash are still hazardous wastes and need to be further stabilized The disposal of chemical solidification and landfill will cause potential pollution of soil and groundwater, which hinders the development of large-scale, clean and resource-based rotary kiln incineration technology.

When fixed bed pyrolysis gasification processes various types of organic hazardous wastes, due to the limitation of the thermochemical reaction kinetics of organic hazardous wastes, the pyrolysis gasification process is slow, the temperature is low, and the pyrolysis gasification is not complete, resulting in a large amount of carbon content. The high solid state semi-coke results in the thermal reduction rate of pyrolysis and gasification semi-coke being much higher than 5%, which cannot meet the requirements of pollution control standards for hazardous waste incineration; at the same time, the pyrolysis and gasification reaction conditions of multi-component organic matter are not good First, the random chain breakage of organic matter will produce a large amount of tar, which will cause the blockage of the pyrolysis gasification equipment and the flue, and the system has poor material universality and poor operation reliability.

Rotary anaerobic pyrolysis treatment of organic hazardous waste adopts indirect heating method. The heat of the outer jacket heats the organic matter by heat conduction and heat radiation through the rotary kiln cylinder. The rotary anaerobic pyrolysis furnace has low heat transfer efficiency and equipment is difficult to Amplification; limited by the thermal stress of the rotary kiln and the temperature resistance of the furnace body material, the pyrolysis temperature in the furnace is low; the pyrolysis reaction conditions of the organic matter are different, the organic matter is randomly chained, the components of the pyrolysis product are dispersed, the product quality is low, and the product Directional control is difficult, and the degree of resource utilization is low; the material adaptability of rotary anaerobic pyrolysis is poor, and it is only suitable for processing specific and single type of organic hazardous waste.

At present, rotary kiln incineration technology and fixed bed pyrolysis gasification technology lack effective control and adjustment of thermochemical reaction process when comprehensively processing various types of organic hazardous wastes, mainly including material drying, pyrolysis, gasification, combustion and other stages . The drying process is affected by the moisture content of the material, and there will be different drying sections in the furnace; the organic matter will be thermally decomposed under the high temperature environment in the furnace, which is affected by the boiling point of the organic matter, the length and structure of the molecular chain, and the pyrolysis temperature and rate of the organic matter. , The furnace operating temperature will show different pyrolysis sections; the pyrolysis of organic matter will produce pyrolysis gas-phase products with different components, and pyrolysis solid-phase products mainly in the form of pyrolysis semi-coke. The carbon content of pyrolysis semi-coke of different types of organic hazardous wastes is different; the gasification and combustion of pyrolysis semi-coke requires high temperature, long time and large amount of air, and the gasification and combustion process of pyrolysis semi-coke is extremely slow, so the heat The gasification and combustion process of de-semi-coke directly determines the residue on ignition rate and treatment efficiency of rotary kiln incinerators and fixed-bed pyrolysis gasifiers. The differences in the combustion characteristics of the pyrolysis gasification of organic hazardous waste are crucial to the process conditions and operating parameters such as the feed rate, air supply volume, auxiliary fuel volume, furnace temperature, oxygen concentration (oxygen content) and flue gas volume in the furnace. Influence, the control of the reaction process of the rotary kiln incinerator and the fixed-bed pyrolysis gasifier is weak, and the control effect of the source of the residue thermal reduction rate, carbon monoxide and dioxin pollution is poor, which hinders the rotary kiln incineration technology and fixed-bed pyrolysis. Large-scale, clean and resource-based development of gasification technology.

At present, rotary kiln incinerators, fixed bed pyrolysis gasifiers and rotary anaerobic pyrolysis furnaces all have certain defects and limitations in the industrial application of comprehensive treatment of organic hazardous wastes. Although the rotary kiln incineration technology has strong material universality, it has the problems of high residue thermal reduction rate, low treatment efficiency, small actual treatment volume, dioxin pollution and secondary hazardous waste; fixed bed pyrolysis gasifier Poor material applicability, low treatment temperature, slow treatment process, high rate of residue thermal reduction, and many secondary hazardous wastes; rotary anaerobic pyrolysis furnace technology has certain resource attributes, and pyrolysis products can be used as Primary alternative fuel or raw material, but there are problems of poor material universality, low thermal efficiency, and difficulty in scaling up equipment. Therefore, it is urgent to solve the application balance of the comprehensive treatment technology of organic hazardous waste in the aspects of material universality, single device processing capacity, process regulation and pollution control, reduction of secondary hazardous waste discharge, and resource utilization.

At present, the domestic demonstration applications of comprehensive treatment of organic hazardous waste by plasma method mainly include plasma pyrolysis furnace, fixed bed plasma gasification and melting integrated furnace, pyrolysis furnace collaborative plasma melting furnace, etc.

The plasma pyrolysis technology adopts a cylindrical vertical furnace. The plasma torch is located on the top of the furnace body. The plasma jet directly acts on the organic matter in the furnace vertically downward. The organic matter is decomposed under the plasma bombardment, and the inorganic ash is melted at high temperature to form glass. The reaction mechanism of plasma pyrolysis technology is still unclear, and the reaction process is difficult to control effectively; a small part of the plasma participates in the pyrolysis reaction, and most of the plasma heats the pyrolysis gas by thermal radiation, so the thermal efficiency of the plasma is Low, low pyrolysis efficiency and high energy consumption.

The fixed-bed plasma gasification-melting integrated furnace is affected by the pyrolysis characteristics of different components of organic matter, and the pyrolysis process is slow, so the material universality is poor.

Pyrolysis furnace synergy with plasma melting furnace and other technologies means that pyrolysis furnace and plasma melting furnace share a set of flue gas purification system to realize comprehensive treatment of various types of organic hazardous wastes; among them, fixed bed pyrolysis furnace and rotary oxygen-free pyrolysis furnace , fluidized bed pyrolysis furnace can be used as an alternative furnace technology for pyrolysis; but the above-mentioned pyrolysis furnaces have problems such as poor material universality, low processing efficiency, difficult reaction process regulation, incomplete processing, and secondary pollution. The solution is that the energy consumption of the pyrolysis semi-coke plasma melting process is high, so the comprehensive treatment of the pyrolysis furnace in conjunction with the plasma melting furnace still cannot achieve the purpose of cleaning, recycling, and large-scale.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide an organic hazardous waste integrated plasma multi-stage gasification melting furnace device, system and method, adopting the method of graded gasification and subsection control to strengthen the pyrolysis of various types of organic hazardous wastes Control of gasification process, semi-coke gasification and ash melting process, strong material universality, high gasification efficiency, low plasma energy consumption, low pollutant emission level, no secondary hazardous waste, integrated plasma gasification and melting Furnace unit facilitates scaling up.

In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme: an integrated plasma multi-stage gasification melting furnace device for organic hazardous waste, comprising a countercurrent rotary primary gasifier, a vertical secondary gasifier, a molten pool, Organic hazardous waste screw feeding device, flux feeding device, burner, plasma torch, primary gasification fan, secondary gasification fan, oxygen meter and syngas composition analyzer.

Further, the countercurrent rotary primary gasifier includes a horizontal rotary furnace body, refractory materials, a kiln tail cover, a kiln head cover, a synthesis gas outlet pipe, an emergency chimney, a kiln tail sealing system, a kiln head sealing system and a kiln head. head-view mirror; the included angle between the axis of the horizontal rotary furnace body and the horizontal is 2 to 4°; the refractory material is refractory bricks made of corundum mullite; the horizontal rotary furnace body and the kiln tail cover and the kiln head cover The kiln tail sealing system and the kiln head sealing system constitute a double sealing system at the connection of the kiln, so that the air leakage of the primary gasifier can be controlled within 2%; the emergency chimney and the syngas outlet are centrally arranged on the kiln tail cover The synthesis gas outlet is arranged on the top of the kiln tail cover and is connected with the inlet of the secondary combustion chamber through a pipeline; the kiln head sight glass is arranged on the kiln head cover panel and intersects with the axial centerline of the horizontal rotary Observing the gasification reaction process of organic hazardous waste in the primary gasifier is helpful to assist in adjusting the process conditions and operating parameters of the primary gasification.

Further, the vertical secondary gasifier includes a vertical cylindrical furnace body, a refractory material and a sight glass; the top of the vertical cylindrical furnace body is connected to the kiln head cover of the primary gasifier through a flange type. The bottom is connected; the refractory material is refractory brick made of chrome corundum; the sight glass is arranged at the lower part of the vertical cylindrical furnace body, which is convenient to observe the plasma high temperature of the first-stage gasification solid semi-coke in the second-stage gasifier The gasification and inorganic ash melting process is beneficial to assist in adjusting the process conditions and operating parameters of the secondary gasification and melting.

Further, the molten pool includes a flat cylindrical body, a refractory material and a slag outlet; the top of the flat cylindrical body is connected to the bottom end of the secondary gasifier through a flange type; the refractory material adopts an anti-melting material. Slag-eroded chrome-zirconium corundum refractory bricks.

Further, the organic hazardous waste screw feeding device is connected with the kiln tail hood of the counter-current rotary primary gasifier; the flux feeding device is connected with the counter-current rotary primary gasifier kiln hood; the combustion The plasma torch is located in the middle of the hood panel of the countercurrent rotary primary gasifier; the plasma torch is located at the bottom of the vertical secondary gasifier; the primary gasification fan is connected to the countercurrent rotary primary gasifier through an air duct The circular kiln head cover of the gasifier is connected, and the primary gasification wind enters the kiln head cover tangentially to improve the air turbulence in the primary gasifier; the secondary gasification fan is connected to the vertical secondary gas through an annular air duct. The bottom of the gasifier is connected; the oxygen meter is located on the horizontal pipeline of the syngas outlet of the countercurrent rotary primary gasifier; the syngas component analyzer is located on the horizontal pipeline of the syngas outlet of the countercurrent rotary primary gasifier.

Further, the kiln tail cover and the kiln head cover of the countercurrent rotary primary gasifier are respectively provided with a first temperature sensor and a second temperature sensor; the bottom of the vertical secondary gasifier is provided with a third temperature sensor.

Further, the kiln tail cover and the kiln head cover of the countercurrent rotary primary gasifier are respectively provided with a first pressure sensor and a second pressure sensor; the vertical secondary gasifier is provided with a third pressure sensor.

Further, the primary gasification fan and the secondary gasification fan are all controlled by frequency conversion, and the primary gasification air volume and the secondary gasification air volume are controlled by distribution to control the integrated plasma multi-stage gasification of organic hazardous wastes. Oxygen content of the furnace unit during operation.

Further, the burner adopts a split structure. By forming a control loop with the first temperature sensor, the flow rate of auxiliary fuel such as diesel or natural gas and the flow rate of combustion-supporting air delivered by the burner fan are automatically adjusted, which is used for the temperature control of the device for starting and stopping the furnace. , and the temperature adjustment of the gasification process in the primary gasifier during normal operation.

An organic hazardous waste integrated plasma multistage gasification melting furnace system is characterized in that: it includes an organic hazardous waste integrated plasma multistage gasification melting furnace device, and also includes an organic hazardous waste pretreatment system, a secondary combustion chamber, Waste heat recovery device, flue gas purification device, induced draft fan, chimney, fly ash collection system, sewage treatment system, etc., the discharge port of the pretreatment system and the organic hazard of the integrated plasma multi-stage gasification melting furnace device for organic hazardous waste The feed inlet of the waste screw feeding device and/or the flux feeding device is connected, and the synthesis gas outlet of the integrated plasma multistage gasification melting furnace device for organic hazardous waste is connected with the flue gas inlet of the secondary combustion chamber. The flue gas outlet of the chamber is connected with the flue gas inlet of the waste heat recovery device, the flue gas outlet of the waste heat recovery device is connected with the flue gas inlet of the flue gas purification device, and the flue gas outlet of the flue gas purification device is connected with the flue gas inlet of the induced draft fan. The flue gas outlet of the induced draft fan is connected to the chimney inlet to finally realize the discharge of up-to-standard exhaust gas; the fly ash generated by the waste heat recovery device and the flue gas purification device is collected and granulated for pretreatment, and then returned to the vertical two by the flux feeding device. The production wastewater generated by the waste heat recovery device and the flue gas purification device is pumped to the sewage treatment system for treatment.

Further, the flue gas purification device includes a SNCR denitrification device, a quenching device, a dry deacidification device, an activated carbon injection device, a bag dust removal device, a precooling tower, Two-stage wet deacidification tower, wet electrostatic precipitator, GGH flue gas heat exchanger, SGH flue gas reheater, SCR denitrification device; flue gas outlet of quenching device, material outlet of activated carbon injection device and dry deacidification device The flue gas inlet of the dry deacidification device is connected to the flue gas inlet of the bag dust removal device, the flue gas outlet of the bag dust removal device is connected to the flue gas inlet of the precooling tower, and the flue gas outlet of the precooling tower is connected to the flue gas inlet of the precooling tower. The flue gas inlet of the primary wet deacidification tower is connected, the flue gas outlet of the primary wet deacidification tower is connected to the flue gas inlet of the secondary wet deacidification tower, and the flue gas outlet of the secondary wet deacidification tower is connected to the flue gas inlet of the secondary wet deacidification tower. The flue gas inlet of the wet electrostatic precipitator is connected, the flue gas outlet of the wet electrostatic precipitator is connected with the original flue gas inlet of the GGH flue gas heat exchanger, and the original flue gas outlet of the GGH flue gas heat exchanger is connected with the SGH flue gas reheater The flue gas inlet of the SGH flue gas reheater is connected to the flue gas inlet of the SCR denitration device, the flue gas outlet of the SCR denitration device is connected to the net flue gas inlet of the GGH flue gas heat exchanger, and the GGH flue gas is connected. The net flue gas outlet of the heat exchanger is connected with the flue gas inlet of the induced draft fan. After being pressurized by the induced draft fan, the flue gas is discharged into the atmosphere from the chimney, so as to realize the standard discharge of waste gas.

An integrated plasma multi-stage gasification melting furnace method for organic hazardous waste, characterized in that it includes but is not limited to the following steps:

Step 1: The organic hazardous waste enters the counter-current rotary rotary primary gasifier from the kiln tail cover through the organic hazardous waste screw feeding device, and the organic hazardous waste and the combustion-supporting air move in opposite directions; the hazardous waste screw feeding device adopts frequency conversion control and adjustment The feed rate; the burner automatically controls the auxiliary fuel flow to adjust the gasification reaction temperature in the furnace; the primary gasification fan controls and adjusts the primary gasification air volume by frequency conversion, so that the horizontal rotary kiln forms an obvious oxygen concentration gradient along the axial direction; The rotary drive system of the counter-current rotary primary gasifier adopts frequency conversion control to adjust the gasification reaction time of hazardous wastes; during the comprehensive gasification of organic hazardous wastes of various types and complex components, the feed rate (spiral frequency) is controlled and adjusted by controlling and adjusting. , primary gasification air volume, auxiliary fuel volume, gasification temperature~1000℃, gasification reaction time (rotational driving frequency of countercurrent rotary primary gasifier), syngas oxygen content 0.2%~1%, syngas CO Concentration (7%~12%), syngas CH ₄ concentration (within 1%) and other process conditions and operating parameters, so that the organic hazardous waste undergoes drying, rapid pyrolysis, rapid gasification and other processes in the primary gasifier. Completely convert high-boiling point, macromolecular chain and refractory organics into combustible gases (synthesis gas) such as H ₂ , CO and CH ₄ , which fundamentally solves the problem of slow reaction, incomplete reaction and tar in the traditional pyrolysis and gasification process. At the same time, the primary gasifier will produce a small amount of solid semi-coke containing fixed carbon and inorganic substances; the synthesis gas enters the secondary combustion chamber through the synthesis gas outlet pipe of the kiln tail cover for gaseous homogeneous combustion, It is conducive to the efficient recovery and utilization of waste heat; the solid semi-coke falls into the vertical secondary gasifier for further processing with the rotation of the countercurrent rotary primary gasifier;

Step 2: The solid semi-coke produced by the pyrolysis and gasification of the countercurrent rotary primary gasifier forms a material bed with a certain height in the vertical secondary gasifier, and the flux and coke are added to the furnace through the flux feeding device. Vertical two-stage gasifier, the difference in specific gravity of coke makes it gather between the material bed and the molten slurry to form a coke bed. The coke bed provides support for the material bed and distributes the plasma jet into the material bed. The coke bed provides voids for the downward flow of glassy slag and metals; the high temperature and high reactivity of the plasma make the fixed carbon in the solid semi-coke gasify rapidly to CO. By controlling and adjusting the plasma torch power and secondary gas Process conditions and operating parameters such as gasification air volume and secondary gasification temperature, realize high-temperature plasma gasification of solid semi-coke, overcome the defects of slow reaction process and incomplete reaction of solid-state semi-coke in traditional thermochemical treatment technology, and eliminate the secondary gasification of semi-coke. The precondition for oxin synthesis eliminates the problem of dioxin pollution from the source; the ash content is melted during the high-temperature gasification of the plasma, and by adjusting the power of the plasma torch, the type and quantity of the flux, the ash content of the ash content can be effectively reduced The melting point temperature improves the fluidity of the molten slurry and reduces the energy consumption of the system; after the molten slag accumulates to a certain amount, it is discharged out of the furnace through the molten pool slag outlet at the bottom of the secondary gasifier, and is quenched and cooled by water to form a glassy substance; according to " "Technical Requirements for Vitrification Products of Solid Waste" (GB/T41015-2021), after passing the inspection, vitreous substances can be used as general solid wastes to realize resource utilization to avoid the generation of secondary hazardous wastes; vertical secondary gasifiers produce As part of the heat source of the counter-current rotary primary gasifier, the high-temperature syngas obtained can significantly enhance and speed up the primary gasification reaction process. Through step 1 and step 2, the staged and graded gasification of organic hazardous waste is realized, the adjustment and control of gasification conditions and process parameters are optimized, and the material adaptability and gasification efficiency of the device and system are significantly improved;

Step 3: The high-efficiency homogeneous combustion of the syngas occurs in the secondary combustion chamber, and a large amount of heat can be released without supplementing auxiliary fuel to maintain the operating temperature of the secondary combustion chamber ≥ 1100°C; the heat released by the combustion of the syngas is recovered by the waste heat recovery device to generate electricity Or direct steam utilization, which can improve the economy of system operation; before the country has not issued special technical specifications and pollution control standards for plasma technology treatment of hazardous wastes, the 500 ℃ flue gas after waste heat recovery needs to enter the quenching device within 1 second Rapid cooling to less than 200°C, avoiding the temperature range for dioxin resynthesis, to meet the requirements of the "Hazardous Waste Incineration Pollution Control Standard" (GB18484);

Step 4: The flue gas after being rapidly cooled by the quenching device is removed by a dry deacidification device to remove some acid gases such as SO ₂ , HCl and HF, and the flue gas after dry deacidification is adsorbed by activated carbon to remove heavy metals and dioxins, and then Most of the particulate matter is filtered and removed by the bag dust removal device. The flue gas after dust removal is further removed by the pre-cooling tower and the two-stage wet deacidification tower to further remove SO ₂ , HCl and HF and other acid gases. Electrostatic precipitators further remove particulate matter, acid mist and salt mist;

Step 5: The outlet flue gas (~68°C) of the wet electrostatic precipitator is heated to ~140°C by the GGH flue gas heat exchanger, and the flue gas outlet of the wet electrostatic precipitator is connected to the original flue gas inlet of the GGH flue gas heat exchanger. The flue gas outlet (~200℃) of the SCR denitration device is connected to the net flue gas inlet of the GGH flue gas heat exchanger. After heat exchange between the high temperature flue gas and the low temperature flue gas, the net flue gas outlet of the GGH flue gas heat exchanger is The flue gas temperature drops to about 130°C, and the flue gas temperature at the original flue gas outlet of the GGH flue gas heat exchanger rises to about 140°C, achieving the purpose of utilizing the high-temperature flue gas waste heat at the outlet of the SCR denitrification device and reducing the energy consumption of the system;

Step 6: The flue gas heated by GGH is further heated to about 200 ℃ by the SGH flue gas reheater, and the flue gas heated by SGH is further removed by SCR catalytic denitrification device to further remove _NOx , which meets the "Pollution Control Standard for Hazardous Waste Incineration" (GB18484) limit requirements; the SGH flue gas reheater uses the 300 ℃ superheated steam generated by the waste heat recovery device to heat the flue gas to 200 ℃ to meet the working temperature requirements of the SCR denitration device;

Step 7: The net flue gas at the outlet of the GGH flue gas heat exchanger is pressurized by the induced draft fan and discharged into the atmosphere from the chimney.

Compared with the existing rotary kiln incinerator, fixed bed pyrolysis gasifier, plasma pyrolysis furnace, fixed bed plasma gasification and melting integrated furnace, and pyrolysis furnace synergistic plasma melting furnace, the present invention has the following significant effects: The integrated series application of the counter-current rotary primary gasifier and the vertical secondary gasifier (plasma high temperature gasification), the organic hazardous waste realizes staged and graded gasification, and overcomes the fixed bed plasma gasification and melting integrated furnace The technical defect of the slow pyrolysis process significantly enhances the material adaptability, reliability and economy of the integrated plasma gasification and melting device; a counter-current rotary primary gasifier is installed to perform high-temperature pyrolysis and gasification of volatile organic wastes , set up a vertical secondary gasifier to carry out high-temperature plasma gasification of solid semi-coke, and solve the reaction process regulation of rotary kiln incinerator, fixed bed pyrolysis gasifier, plasma pyrolysis furnace and fixed bed plasma gasification and melting integrated furnace It strengthens the organic matter pyrolysis gasification process and solid semi-coke gasification process, the reaction process is fast, the reaction is more thorough, the pollutant emission is low, the gasification efficiency is high, and the equipment is easy to scale up; by setting the plasma torch and secondary Gasification wind, using the advantages of high temperature and high reactivity of plasma, solid-state semi-coke gasification process is fast, fixed carbon gasification is complete, semi-coke high-temperature gasification process realizes ash melting at the same time, and overcomes the problems of plasma pyrolysis furnace, plasma The defect of using plasma as a high-temperature heat source in the melting furnace reduces the energy consumption of the device and the system, and significantly enhances the operating economy of the device. The process is slow, the reaction is incomplete, the rate of thermal reduction of residues is high, the carbon content of residues is high, the amount of residues is large, and the residues are still hazardous wastes, which completely realizes the harmlessness and reduction of organic hazardous wastes; The gasification melting device has high gasification efficiency and good flammability of the syngas. The syngas undergoes efficient and homogeneous combustion in the secondary combustion chamber, and a large amount of heat can be released without supplementary auxiliary fuel. The heat released by the combustion of the syngas is recovered by the waste heat recovery device for power generation or directly used for steam. Fixed bed plasma gasification melting integrated furnace and plasma melting furnace.

Description of drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an organic hazardous waste integrated plasma multi-stage gasification melting furnace device according to the present invention.

2 is a schematic diagram of the kiln tail side of an organic hazardous waste integrated plasma multi-stage gasification melting furnace device according to the present invention.

Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a kiln head side of an organic hazardous waste integrated plasma multi-stage gasification melting furnace device according to the present invention.

FIG. 4 is a schematic cross-sectional view A-A of an organic hazardous waste integrated plasma multi-stage gasification melting furnace device according to the present invention.

5 is a schematic diagram of an organic hazardous waste integrated plasma multi-stage gasification melting furnace system according to the present invention.

In the picture: 1-counter-current rotary primary gasifier, 2-vertical secondary gasifier, 3-melting pool; 4-horizontal rotary furnace body, 5-corrosion mullite refractory brick, 6-kiln Tail cover, 7-kiln head cover, 8-synthesis gas outlet pipe, 9-emergency chimney, 10-organic hazardous waste screw feeding device, 101-organic hazardous waste screw feeding port, 11-first-stage gasification fan, 111 -First-stage gasification tangential air inlet pipe, 12-burner, 121-burner interface, 13-burner fan, 14-kiln tail sealing system, 15-kiln head sealing system, 16-oxygen meter, 17- Syngas composition analyzer, 18-kiln head sight glass; 19-vertical cylindrical furnace body, 20-chrome corundum refractory brick, 21-plasma torch, 22-flux feeding device, 221-flux Feed inlet, 23- secondary gasification fan, 231- secondary gasification annular air duct, 24- flange, 25- sight glass; 26- chrome zirconium corundum refractory brick, 27- flat cylinder, 28- Slag outlet, 29-flange.

In order to elaborate the technical solutions adopted by the present invention to achieve the predetermined technical purpose, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described implementation The examples are only some of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments, and the technical means or technical features in the embodiments of the present invention can be replaced without creative work. The following will refer to the accompanying drawings in conjunction with Examples are given to illustrate the present invention in detail.

As shown in Figure 1, Figure 2, Figure 3, Figure 4, an organic hazardous waste integrated plasma multistage gasification melting furnace device of the present invention comprises a countercurrent rotary primary gasifier 1, a vertical secondary gasifier Gasifier 2, molten pool 3, organic hazardous waste screw feeding device 10, flux feeding device 22, burner 12, plasma torch 21, primary gasification fan 11, secondary gasification fan 23, oxygen amount instrument 16 and syngas composition analyzer 17. The countercurrent rotary primary gasifier 1 is connected with the vertical secondary gasifier 2 through the kiln head cover 7, and the vertical secondary gasifier 2 is connected with the molten pool 3, thereby forming an integrated plasma multistage gasifier Gasification and melting device; the connection between the kiln head cover 7 and the vertical secondary gasifier 2 and the connection between the vertical secondary gasifier 2 and the molten pool 3 are respectively connected by flanges 24 and 29, which are convenient for the installation of refractory materials. maintenance and overhaul. The organic hazardous waste screw feeding device 10 is connected to the kiln tail cover 6 of the countercurrent rotary primary gasifier, the organic hazardous waste is transported through the screw feeding device 10 and the feeding quantity of the organic hazardous waste per unit time is controlled, and the organic hazardous waste enters the countercurrent flow The rotary primary gasifier 1 moves in the opposite direction with the high-temperature synthesis gas, and the heat and mass transfer effect in the furnace is good, and the organic hazardous waste undergoes drying, rapid pyrolysis, rapid gasification and other processes in sequence; The first-stage gasifier kiln head hood 7 adopts a split structure in the middle of the panel. By forming a control loop with the first temperature sensor, the flow of auxiliary fuel such as diesel or natural gas and the flow of combustion-supporting air delivered by the burner fan 13 are automatically adjusted. The temperature control of the device on and off the furnace, and the temperature adjustment of the gasification process in the primary gasifier during normal operation; the primary gasification fan 11 communicates with the countercurrent rotary primary gasification through the primary gasification tangential air inlet pipe 111 The kiln head cover 7 is connected, the first-stage gasification air enters the kiln head cover tangentially to improve the air turbulence in the first-stage gasification furnace, and the first-stage gasification air volume and oxygen content are adjusted by frequency conversion of the first-stage gasification fan; flux feeding The device 22 is connected to the kiln hood 7 of the countercurrent rotary primary gasifier, and the flux enters the vertical secondary gasifier from there. The body torch 21 is located at the bottom of the vertical secondary gasifier 2 cylinder. The plasma torch is equipped with a power supply, circulating cooling water and instrument gas (plasma working gas). By adjusting and controlling the operating power of the plasma torch, the reverse flow can be accelerated. The gasification process of the solid semi-coke produced by the pyrolysis gasification of the rotary primary gasifier 1 can improve the gasification efficiency of the solid semi-coke, and can also improve the melting temperature (1500℃) of the inorganic ash and the fluidity of the slag; The secondary gasification fan 23 is connected to the bottom of the vertical secondary gasification furnace 2 through at least eight secondary gasification annular air ducts 231, and the secondary gasification air volume and oxygen content are adjusted by frequency conversion of the secondary gasification fan; 16 is located at the horizontal position of the syngas outlet pipeline 8 of the counter-current rotary primary gasifier 1, and monitors the oxygen content of the syngas (0.2%~1%) to feedback and adjust the supply of the primary gasification fan and the secondary gasification fan. The air volume and its distribution ensure that the integrated device is in an economical and efficient oxygen-controlled gasification operation state; the syngas component analyzer 17 is located at the horizontal position of the syngas outlet pipeline 8 of the countercurrent rotary primary gasifier 1, and is used for monitoring and The calorific value of syngas and the content of CO, H ₂ and CH ₄ are controlled, the CO concentration is controlled within 7%~12%, and the CH ₄ concentration is controlled within 1% to ensure the safe and reliable operation of the device.

The countercurrent rotary primary gasifier 1 includes a horizontal rotary furnace body 4, a refractory material 5, a kiln tail cover 6, a kiln head cover 7, a synthesis gas outlet pipe 8, an emergency chimney 9, a kiln tail sealing system 14, and a kiln head seal The system 15 and the kiln head sight glass 18; the included angle between the axis of the horizontal rotary furnace body 4 and the horizontal is 2~4°; the refractory material 5 is refractory bricks made of corundum mullite; the horizontal rotary furnace body 4 and the kiln tail cover 6, The connection of the kiln head cover 7 constitutes a double sealing system by setting the kiln tail sealing system 14 and the kiln head sealing system 15, so that the air leakage of the countercurrent rotary primary gasifier 1 is controlled within 2%; the emergency chimney 9 and the syngas The outlet pipe 8 is centrally arranged on the kiln tail cover 6; the synthesis gas outlet pipe 8 is connected with the inlet of the secondary combustion chamber through the pipe drawn from the emergency chimney 9 through the tee; The axial center lines of the rotary furnace body 4 intersect, which is convenient for observing the gasification reaction process of the organic hazardous waste in the primary gasification furnace, and is helpful for assisting the adjustment of the process conditions and operating parameters of the primary gasification.

The vertical secondary gasifier 2 includes a vertical cylindrical furnace body 19, a refractory material 20 and a sight glass 25; The bottom of the kiln head cover 7 is connected; the refractory material 20 is made of refractory bricks made of chrome corundum; the sight glass 25 is arranged at the lower part of the vertical cylindrical furnace body 19, so as to facilitate the observation of the primary gasification solid semi-coke in the secondary gasification furnace. The plasma high-temperature gasification and inorganic ash melting process are beneficial to assist in adjusting the process conditions and operating parameters of the secondary gasification and melting.

The molten pool 3 includes a flat cylindrical body 27, a refractory material 26 and a slag outlet 28; the top of the flat cylindrical body 27 is connected to the bottom end of the vertical secondary gasifier 2 through a flange 29; the refractory material 26 is made of anti-melting Slag-eroded chrome-zirconium corundum refractory bricks.

The kiln tail cover 6 and the kiln head cover 7 of the countercurrent rotary primary gasifier 1 are respectively provided with a first temperature sensor and a second temperature sensor, and the bottom of the vertical secondary gasifier 2 is provided with a third temperature sensor. The first temperature sensor is used to monitor the operating temperature of the kiln tail of the countercurrent rotary primary gasifier 1 to adjust the operating power of the burner and the primary gasification air volume, thereby controlling the primary gasification reaction temperature of the countercurrent rotary primary gasifier The second temperature sensor is used to monitor the operating temperature of the kiln head of the countercurrent rotary primary gasifier 1, and is used together with the first temperature sensor to judge and determine the change trend of the gasification characteristics of the organic hazardous waste, so as to adjust the countercurrent rotary rotary primary gasifier. The rotation speed of the gasifier is used to control the reaction time of the primary gasification of organic hazardous waste and optimize the process conditions (feed rate of hazardous waste, burner power and air supply); the third temperature sensor is used to monitor the vertical secondary gasifier 2 gasification melting temperature to adjust the plasma operating power and secondary gasification air volume.

The kiln tail cover 6 and the kiln head cover 7 of the countercurrent rotary primary gasifier 1 are respectively provided with a first pressure sensor and a second pressure sensor; the vertical secondary gasifier 2 is provided with a third pressure sensor. The first pressure sensor is used to monitor the micro-negative pressure of the kiln tail hood 6 of the counter-current rotary primary gasifier 1, and the second pressure sensor is used to monitor the micro-negative pressure of the kiln head hood 7 of the counter-current rotary primary gasifier 1. The third pressure sensor is used to monitor the slight negative pressure of the vertical secondary gasifier 1 to adjust the induced air volume of the system to ensure that the device operates in a closed state of negative pressure; if there is a positive pressure ~100Pa in the furnace, the emergency chimney will pass through The pneumatic valve is automatically opened to ensure that the system operates in a safe state.

An integrated plasma multistage gasification melting furnace system for organic hazardous wastes, comprising an organic hazardous waste pretreatment system, an integrated plasma multistage gasification melting furnace device, a secondary combustion chamber, a waste heat recovery device, a flue gas purification device, Induced draft fan, chimney, fly ash collection system, sewage treatment system, etc., the discharge port of the pretreatment system and the organic hazardous waste integrated plasma multistage gasification melting furnace device The organic hazardous waste screw feeding device and/or auxiliary The feed inlet of the flux feeding device is connected, the synthesis gas outlet pipe of the integrated plasma multistage gasification melting furnace device for organic hazardous waste is connected with the flue gas inlet of the secondary combustion chamber, and the flue gas outlet of the secondary combustion chamber is connected with the waste heat recovery The flue gas inlet of the device is connected, the flue gas outlet of the waste heat recovery device is connected with the flue gas inlet of the flue gas purification device, the flue gas outlet of the flue gas purification device is connected with the flue gas inlet of the induced draft fan, and the flue gas outlet of the induced draft fan passes through It is connected to the inlet of the chimney, and finally achieves the emission of up-to-standard waste gas; the fly ash generated by the waste heat recovery device and the flue gas purification device is collected and granulated for pretreatment, and then returned to the vertical secondary gasifier by the flux feeding device for melting and disposal. The production wastewater from the waste heat recovery device and the flue gas purification device is pumped to the sewage treatment system for treatment. The organic hazardous waste is processed by plasma multi-stage gasification and melting to produce syngas and glassy slag; the glassy slag can be used as general building materials or high-value; the syngas is fed into the secondary combustion chamber for efficient combustion (combustion temperature ≥1100℃ ), the combustion flue gas enters the waste heat recovery device of the membrane wall boiler, and the waste heat is recovered and then cooled to 500 °C, and then cooled to within 200 °C through the quenching device, avoiding the temperature range for dioxin resynthesis.

The flue gas purification device includes SNCR denitrification device, quenching device, dry deacidification device, activated carbon injection device, bag dust removal device, pre-cooling tower, two-stage wet process set in the high temperature section of flue gas (850℃-1100℃) of waste heat recovery device Deacidification tower, wet electrostatic precipitator, GGH flue gas heat exchanger, SGH flue gas reheater, SCR denitrification device; SNCR denitration device is installed in the high temperature section of flue gas (850℃-1100℃) of waste heat recovery device, through the two-fluid spray gun 10% urea solution is metered and injected, so that NO _X in the flue gas is selectively non-catalytically reduced to N ₂ , and the denitration efficiency is not less than 40%; the flue gas outlet of the waste heat recovery device is connected to the flue gas inlet of the quenching device, and the quenching water pump It is sent to the two-fluid spray gun on the upper part of the quenching tower. The quenching water is atomized into 40μm small particles of water mist by compressed air, and then sprayed into the quenching tower. Avoid the temperature range of flue gas dioxin resynthesis (500℃~200℃); the flue gas outlet of the quenching device and the activated carbon outlet of the activated carbon injection device are connected to the flue gas inlet of the dry deacidification device, and the dry deacidification device Set up a venturi mixer, the slaked lime and activated carbon are fully mixed with the flue gas, and the acid gases such as HCl, SO ₂ , HF in the flue gas will have a neutralization reaction with the slaked lime, and the acid gas removal rate is not less than 20 %, activated carbon adsorbs and removes dioxins and some volatile heavy metals in the flue gas; the flue gas outlet of the dry deacidification device is connected to the flue gas inlet of the bag filter device, and the particulate matter in the flue gas is filtered and removed by the bag filter. Most heavy metals (such as lead and cadmium exist in solid form below 300 ℃) and particulate matter are condensed together and removed by bag dust removal device. After bag dust removal, the concentration of flue gas particles is less than 10mg/m ³ ; The outlet is connected to the flue gas inlet of the pre-cooling tower, and the temperature of the flue gas is reduced to ~71°C through the pre-cooling spray gun set at the inlet of the flue gas of the pre-cooling tower to achieve the purpose of cooling and humidifying the flue gas; the flue gas of the pre-cooling tower is The outlet is connected to the flue gas inlet of the first-stage wet deacidification tower, and the flue gas is in countercurrent contact with the circulating lye and undergoes a neutralization reaction, so that most of the acid gases in the flue gas can be removed; the flue gas of the first-stage wet deacidification tower The outlet is connected to the flue gas inlet of the secondary wet deacidification tower, and the residual acid gas in the flue gas continues to be in countercurrent contact with the circulating alkali liquid and undergoes a neutralization reaction, so as to ensure the reliable operation of the wet deacidification tower, and the wet deacidification efficiency can be improved. Up to 99%, which meets the emission limit requirements of the "Pollution Control Standards for Hazardous Waste Incineration"(GB18484); most of the volatile heavy metals with high saturated vapor pressure such as mercury exist in the flue gas in gaseous form. During the deacidification process, the mercury in the flue gas can react with HCl, and 80%~90% is converted into HgCl ₂ . HgCl ₂ is a water-soluble compound, and the HgCl ₂ reacts with the circulating lye to be removed; The gas outlet is connected to the flue gas inlet of the wet electrostatic precipitator. The wet electrostatic precipitator has a certain dust removal capacity, which can be realized in cooperation with the bag filter. Ultra-low emission of particulate matter, wet electrostatic demister can effectively remove salt mist and acid mist in flue gas to avoid catalyst poisoning and deactivation of subsequent SCR denitration device; The GGH flue gas heat exchanger heats the outlet flue gas of the wet electrostatic precipitator. The flue gas outlet of the wet electrostatic precipitator is connected to the original flue gas inlet of the GGH flue gas heat exchanger, and the flue gas outlet of the SCR denitration device is connected to the GGH flue gas. The clean flue gas inlet of the gas heat exchanger is connected, and the flue gas at ~200°C of the SCR denitrification device is used to heat the flue gas at the wet electrostatic precipitator outlet at ~68°C. 140 °C, the net flue gas is cooled to ~130 °C, which realizes the purpose of utilizing the waste heat of the flue gas of the SCR denitrification device and reducing the energy consumption of the system. The original flue gas outlet of the GGH flue gas heat exchanger is connected to the flue gas inlet of the SGH flue gas reheater, and the 300 ℃ superheated steam generated by the waste heat recovery device is used to heat the flue gas to ~200 ℃, which satisfies the The denitration temperature requirement of the subsequent SCR denitration device; the flue gas outlet of the SGH flue gas reheater is connected to the flue gas inlet of the SCR denitration device. SCR denitration is selective catalytic reduction to remove NO _X , under the catalytic action of the selective low temperature reduction catalyst , NO _X and NH ₃ undergo a redox reaction to selectively catalytically reduce NO _X in the flue gas to N ₂ to achieve NO _X emission standards; the flue gas outlet of the SCR denitration device and the clean flue gas of the GGH flue gas heat exchanger The inlet is connected, and the flue gas temperature at the SCR denitration outlet is close to 200 °C. Excessive flue gas temperature requires high temperature resistance of subsequent equipment (fan and chimney), which not only directly increases equipment investment but also wastes the waste heat of flue gas. Therefore, the use of The GGH flue gas heat exchanger recycles the waste heat of the flue gas at the SCR denitration outlet to preheat and warm the low-temperature raw flue gas at the outlet of the wet electrostatic precipitator; finally, the net flue gas outlet of the GGH flue gas heat exchanger is connected to the inlet of the induced draft fan , pressurized by the induced draft fan and discharged into the atmosphere from the chimney.

An integrated plasma multi-stage gasification melting furnace method for organic hazardous waste, characterized in that it includes but is not limited to the following steps:

Step 1: The organic hazardous waste enters the counter-current rotary rotary primary gasifier from the kiln tail cover through the organic hazardous waste screw feeding device, and the organic hazardous waste and the combustion-supporting air move in opposite directions; the hazardous waste screw feeding device adopts frequency conversion control and adjustment The feed rate; the burner automatically controls the auxiliary fuel flow to adjust the gasification reaction temperature in the furnace; the primary gasification fan controls and adjusts the primary gasification air volume by frequency conversion, so that the horizontal rotary kiln forms an obvious oxygen concentration gradient along the axial direction; The rotary drive system of the counter-current rotary primary gasifier adopts frequency conversion control to adjust the gasification reaction time of hazardous wastes; during the comprehensive gasification of organic hazardous wastes of various types and complex components, the feed rate (spiral frequency) is controlled and adjusted by controlling and adjusting. , primary gasification air volume, auxiliary fuel volume, gasification temperature~1000℃, gasification reaction time (rotational driving frequency of countercurrent rotary primary gasifier), syngas oxygen content 0.2%~1%, syngas CO Concentration (7%~12%), syngas CH ₄ concentration (within 1%) and other process conditions and operating parameters, so that the organic hazardous waste undergoes drying, rapid pyrolysis, rapid gasification and other processes in the primary gasifier. Completely convert high-boiling point, macromolecular chain and refractory organics into combustible gases (synthesis gas) such as H ₂ , CO and CH ₄ , which fundamentally solves the problem of slow reaction, incomplete reaction and tar in the traditional pyrolysis and gasification process. At the same time, the primary gasifier will produce a small amount of solid semi-coke containing fixed carbon and inorganic substances; the synthesis gas enters the secondary combustion chamber through the synthesis gas outlet pipe of the kiln tail cover for gaseous homogeneous combustion, It is conducive to the efficient recovery and utilization of waste heat; the solid semi-coke falls into the vertical secondary gasifier for further processing with the rotation of the countercurrent rotary primary gasifier;

Step 2: The solid semi-coke produced by the pyrolysis and gasification of the countercurrent rotary primary gasifier forms a material bed with a certain height in the vertical secondary gasifier, and the flux and coke are added to the furnace through the flux feeding device. Vertical two-stage gasifier, the difference in specific gravity of coke makes it gather between the material bed and the molten slurry to form a coke bed. The coke bed provides support for the material bed and distributes the plasma jet into the material bed. The coke bed provides voids for the downward flow of glassy slag and metals; the high temperature and high reactivity of the plasma make the fixed carbon in the solid semi-coke gasify rapidly to CO. By controlling and adjusting the plasma torch power and secondary gas Process conditions and operating parameters such as gasification air volume and secondary gasification temperature, realize high-temperature plasma gasification of solid semi-coke, overcome the defects of slow reaction process and incomplete reaction of solid-state semi-coke in traditional thermochemical treatment technology, and eliminate the secondary gasification of semi-coke. The precondition for oxin synthesis eliminates the problem of dioxin pollution from the source; the ash content is melted during the high-temperature gasification of the plasma, and by adjusting the power of the plasma torch, the type and quantity of the flux, the ash content of the ash content can be effectively reduced The melting point temperature improves the fluidity of the molten slurry and reduces the energy consumption of the system; after the molten slag accumulates to a certain amount, it is discharged out of the furnace through the molten pool slag outlet at the bottom of the secondary gasifier, and is quenched and cooled by water to form a glassy substance; according to " "Technical Requirements for Vitrification Products of Solid Waste" (GB/T41015-2021), after passing the inspection, vitreous substances can be used as general solid wastes to realize resource utilization to avoid the generation of secondary hazardous wastes; vertical secondary gasifiers produce As part of the heat source of the counter-current rotary primary gasifier, the high-temperature syngas obtained can significantly enhance and speed up the primary gasification reaction process. Through step 1 and step 2, the staged and graded gasification of organic hazardous waste is realized, the adjustment and control of gasification conditions and process parameters are optimized, and the material adaptability and gasification efficiency of the device and system are significantly improved;

Step 3: The high-efficiency homogeneous combustion of the syngas occurs in the secondary combustion chamber, and a large amount of heat can be released without supplementing auxiliary fuel to maintain the operating temperature of the secondary combustion chamber ≥ 1100°C; the heat released by the combustion of the syngas is recovered by the waste heat recovery device to generate electricity Or direct steam utilization, which can improve the economy of system operation; before the country has not issued special technical specifications and pollution control standards for plasma technology treatment of hazardous wastes, the 500 ℃ flue gas after waste heat recovery needs to enter the quenching device within 1 second Rapid cooling to less than 200°C, avoiding the temperature range for dioxin resynthesis, to meet the requirements of the "Hazardous Waste Incineration Pollution Control Standard" (GB18484);

Step 4: The flue gas after being rapidly cooled by the quenching device is removed by a dry deacidification device to remove some acid gases such as SO ₂ , HCl and HF, and the flue gas after dry deacidification is adsorbed by activated carbon to remove heavy metals and dioxins, and then Most of the particulate matter is filtered and removed by the bag dust removal device. The flue gas after dust removal is further removed by the pre-cooling tower and the two-stage wet deacidification tower to further remove SO ₂ , HCl and HF and other acid gases. Electrostatic precipitators further remove particulate matter, acid mist and salt mist;

Step 5: The outlet flue gas (~68°C) of the wet electrostatic precipitator is heated to ~140°C by the GGH flue gas heat exchanger, and the flue gas outlet of the wet electrostatic precipitator is connected to the original flue gas inlet of the GGH flue gas heat exchanger. The flue gas outlet (~200℃) of the SCR denitration device is connected to the net flue gas inlet of the GGH flue gas heat exchanger. After heat exchange between the high temperature flue gas and the low temperature flue gas, the net flue gas outlet of the GGH flue gas heat exchanger is The flue gas temperature drops to about 130°C, and the flue gas temperature at the original flue gas outlet of the GGH flue gas heat exchanger rises to about 140°C, achieving the purpose of utilizing the high-temperature flue gas waste heat at the outlet of the SCR denitrification device and reducing the energy consumption of the system;

Step 6: The flue gas heated by GGH is further heated to ~200°C by the SGH flue gas reheater, and the flue gas heated by SGH is further removed by SCR catalytic denitrification device to further remove _NOx , which meets the "hazardous waste incineration pollution control standard" (GB18484) limit requirements; the SGH flue gas reheater uses the 300 ℃ superheated steam generated by the waste heat recovery device to heat the flue gas to 200 ℃ to meet the working temperature requirements of the SCR denitration device;

Step 7: The net flue gas at the outlet of the GGH flue gas heat exchanger is pressurized by the induced draft fan and discharged into the atmosphere from the chimney.

The invention discloses an organic hazardous waste integrated plasma multistage gasification melting furnace device, system and method, comprising a countercurrent rotary primary gasification furnace, a vertical secondary gasification furnace, a molten pool, and a spiral feeder for hazardous wastes. feed device, flux feeding device, burner, plasma torch, primary gasification fan, secondary gasification fan, oxygen meter and syngas composition analyzer; countercurrent rotary primary gasifier including horizontal type Rotary furnace body, refractory material, kiln tail cover, kiln head cover, syngas outlet pipe, emergency chimney, kiln tail sealing system, kiln head sealing system and sight glass; vertical secondary gasifier includes vertical cylindrical furnace body , refractory material and sight glass; the molten pool includes a flat cylindrical body, a refractory material and a slag outlet; the hazardous waste screw feeding device is connected to the kiln tail cover of the countercurrent rotary primary gasifier, and the flux feeding device is connected to The countercurrent rotary primary gasifier is connected to the kiln head cover, the burner is arranged in the middle of the kiln head cover panel of the countercurrent rotary primary gasifier, and the plasma torch is located at the bottom of the vertical secondary gasifier cylinder. The fan is connected to the circular kiln head cover of the countercurrent rotary primary gasifier through an air duct, the secondary gasification fan is connected to the bottom of the vertical secondary gasifier through an annular air duct, and the oxygen meter is located in the countercurrent rotary primary gasifier. On the horizontal pipeline of the syngas outlet of the gasifier, the syngas component analyzer is located on the horizontal pipeline of the syngas outlet of the countercurrent rotary primary gasifier. The invention realizes the staged and graded gasification of organic hazardous wastes, strengthens the regulation and control of the gasification process of various types of organic hazardous wastes, improves the material universality of the device and the system, and the gasification efficiency is significantly higher than that of the traditional pyrolysis gasifier. The effect of pollution reduction and carbon reduction is good; the gasification process realizes ash melting at the same time, which greatly reduces the installed capacity and operating power of the plasma torch, and effectively reduces the investment and operation cost of the industrial application of plasma gasification and melting.

The above are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, and do not limit the present invention in any form. Although the present invention has been disclosed above with preferred embodiments, it is not intended to limit the present invention. The technical personnel, within the scope of the technical solution of the present invention, can make some changes or modifications by using the technical content disclosed above to be equivalent examples of equivalent changes, but if they do not depart from the technical solution content of the present invention, according to the present invention Within the spirit and principle of the present invention, any simple modifications, equivalent replacements and improvements made to the above embodiments still fall within the protection scope of the technical solutions of the present invention.

In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the orientation or positional relationship indicated by the terms "bottom", "side wall", "top", etc. is based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, which is only for the purpose of simplifying the description of the present invention. The content of the invention does not mean that the components or devices must have a specific orientation or position, and the structure and operation are based on the specific orientation and position, so it should not be narrowly construed as a limitation of the present invention.

In addition, the terms "first", "second" and "third" are only used to facilitate the description of the present invention, and cannot be simply understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of the indicated technical features. Therefore, the features defined as "first", "second" and "third" may expressly or implicitly include at least one of the features.

In the present invention, unless otherwise expressly specified or limited, the terms "connection", "arrangement" and the like should be understood in a broad sense. Unless otherwise expressly defined, for those of ordinary skill in the art, they may be combined with specific circumstances. Understand the meanings that the above terms have in the present invention.

Claims (12)

1. an organic hazardous waste integrated plasma multistage gasification melting furnace device is characterized in that: comprise countercurrent rotary primary gasifier, vertical secondary gasifier, molten pool, organic hazardous waste spiral feed device, flux feeding device, burner, plasma torch, primary gasification fan, secondary gasification fan, oxygen meter and syngas composition analyzer. 2. An organic hazardous waste integrated plasma multistage gasification melting furnace device according to claim 1, characterized in that: the countercurrent rotary primary gasifier comprises a horizontal rotary furnace body, a refractory material, The kiln tail cover, the kiln head cover, the synthesis gas outlet pipe, the emergency chimney, the kiln tail sealing system, the kiln head sealing system and the kiln head sight glass; the angle between the axis of the horizontal rotary furnace body and the horizontal is 2~4°; the The refractory material is refractory brick made of corundum mullite; the connection between the horizontal rotary furnace body and the kiln tail cover and the kiln head cover constitutes a double sealing system through the set kiln tail sealing system and kiln head sealing system, so that a The air leakage of the first-stage gasifier is controlled within 2%; the emergency chimney and the syngas outlet are centrally arranged on the kiln tail hood; the syngas outlet is arranged on the top of the kiln tail hood, and is connected to the inlet of the secondary combustion chamber through a pipeline; The kiln head sight glass is arranged on the kiln head cover panel and intersects with the axial centerline of the horizontal rotary furnace body, which is convenient for observing the gasification reaction process of the organic hazardous waste in the primary gasifier, and is helpful for assisting the adjustment of the primary gasification furnace. Gasification process conditions and operating parameters. 3. The organic hazardous waste integrated plasma multistage gasification melting furnace device according to claim 1, wherein the vertical secondary gasification furnace comprises a vertical cylindrical furnace body, a refractory material and sight glass; the top of the vertical cylindrical furnace body is connected with the bottom of the kiln head cover of the primary gasifier through a flange type; the refractory material is refractory bricks made of chrome corundum; the sight glass is arranged on the vertical The lower part of the cylindrical furnace body is convenient to observe the plasma high-temperature gasification and inorganic ash melting process of the first-stage gasification solid semi-coke in the second-stage gasifier, which is conducive to assisting the adjustment of the second-stage gasification and melting process conditions and operating parameters . 4. An organic hazardous waste integrated plasma multistage gasification melting furnace device according to claim 1, characterized in that: the molten pool comprises a flat cylindrical body, a refractory material and a slag outlet; the The top end of the flat cylindrical body is connected with the bottom end of the secondary gasifier through a flange type; the refractory material is a refractory brick made of chromium zirconium corundum which is resistant to molten slag erosion. 5. The organic hazardous waste integrated plasma multistage gasification melting furnace device according to claim 1, characterized in that: the organic hazardous waste screw feeding device and the countercurrent rotary primary gasifier kiln tail the hood is connected; the flux feeding device is connected to the hood of the counter-current rotary primary gasifier; the burner is arranged in the middle of the hood panel of the counter-current rotary primary gasifier; the plasma torch is located in the The bottom of the vertical secondary gasifier cylinder; the primary gasification fan is connected to the circular kiln hood of the countercurrent rotary primary gasifier through an air duct, and the primary gasification wind enters the kiln hood tangentially to improve the The degree of air turbulence in the primary gasifier; the secondary gasification fan is connected to the bottom of the vertical secondary gasifier through no less than eight annular air ducts; the oxygen meter is located in the countercurrent rotary primary gasifier on the horizontal pipeline of the syngas outlet of the furnace; the syngas component analyzer is located on the horizontal pipeline of the syngas exit of the countercurrent rotary primary gasifier. 6 . The organic hazardous waste integrated plasma multistage gasification melting furnace device according to claim 1 , wherein the kiln tail cover and the kiln head cover of the counter-current rotary one-stage gasifier are respectively provided with There are a first temperature sensor and a second temperature sensor; a third temperature sensor is arranged at the bottom of the vertical secondary gasifier. 7 . The organic hazardous waste integrated plasma multistage gasification melting furnace device according to claim 1 , wherein the kiln tail cover and the kiln head cover of the counter-current rotary one-stage gasifier are respectively provided with There are a first pressure sensor and a second pressure sensor; the vertical two-stage gasifier is provided with a third pressure sensor. 8 . The integrated plasma multistage gasification melting furnace device for organic hazardous waste according to claim 5 , wherein the primary gasification fan and the secondary gasification fan are controlled by frequency conversion. 9 . 9 . The organic hazardous waste integrated plasma multistage gasification melting furnace device according to claim 5 , wherein the burner adopts a split structure, and automatically forms a control loop with the first temperature sensor. 10 . It is used to adjust the flow of auxiliary fuel such as diesel or natural gas and the flow of combustion-supporting air delivered by the burner fan, which is used for the temperature control of the device on and off the furnace, and the temperature adjustment of the gasification process in the primary gasifier during normal operation. 10. An organic hazardous waste integrated plasma multistage gasification melting furnace system, characterized in that: comprising the organic hazardous waste integrated plasma multistage gasification melting furnace device according to any one of claims 1-9, It also includes organic hazardous waste pretreatment system, secondary combustion chamber, waste heat recovery device, flue gas purification device, induced draft fan, chimney, fly ash collection system, sewage treatment system, etc. The outlet of the pretreatment system is integrated with the organic hazardous waste. The feed inlet of the organic hazardous waste screw feeding device and/or the flux feeding device of the plasma multistage gasification melting furnace device is connected, and the synthesis gas of the integrated plasma multistage gasification melting furnace device of the organic hazardous waste is connected The outlet pipe is connected to the flue gas inlet of the secondary combustion chamber, the flue gas outlet of the secondary combustion chamber is connected to the flue gas inlet of the waste heat recovery device, and the flue gas outlet of the waste heat recovery device is connected to the flue gas inlet of the flue gas purification device. The flue gas outlet of the purification device is connected to the flue gas inlet of the induced draft fan, and the flue gas outlet of the induced draft fan is connected to the chimney inlet to finally realize the discharge of exhaust gas that meets the standard; the fly ash produced by the waste heat recovery device and the flue gas purification device is collected and granulated After pretreatment, the flux feeding device is returned to the vertical secondary gasifier for melting and disposal, and the production wastewater from the flue gas purification device is pumped to the sewage treatment system for treatment. 11. An organic hazardous waste integrated plasma multistage gasification melting furnace system according to claim 10, characterized in that: the flue gas purification device comprises a waste heat recovery device flue gas high temperature section (850-1100 ℃) SNCR denitration device, quenching device, dry deacidification device, activated carbon injection device, bag dust removal device, precooling tower, two-stage wet deacidification tower, wet electrostatic precipitator, GGH flue gas heat exchanger, SGH flue gas installed Reheater, SCR denitration device; the flue gas outlet of the quenching device and the material outlet of the activated carbon injection device are connected to the flue gas inlet of the dry deacidification device, and the flue gas outlet of the dry deacidification device is connected with the flue gas inlet of the bag dust removal device Connection, the flue gas outlet of the bag filter is connected to the flue gas inlet of the pre-cooling tower, the flue gas outlet of the pre-cooling tower is connected to the flue gas inlet of the primary wet deacidification tower, and the flue gas of the primary wet deacidification tower is connected. The outlet is connected to the flue gas inlet of the secondary wet deacidification tower, the flue gas outlet of the secondary wet deacidification tower is connected to the flue gas inlet of the wet electrostatic precipitator, and the flue gas outlet of the wet electrostatic precipitator is exchanged with the GGH flue gas. The original flue gas inlet of the heater is connected, the original flue gas outlet of the GGH flue gas heat exchanger is connected with the flue gas inlet of the SGH flue gas reheater, and the flue gas outlet of the SGH flue gas reheater is connected with the flue gas of the SCR denitration device. Inlet connection, the flue gas outlet of the SCR denitration device is connected with the net flue gas inlet of the GGH flue gas heat exchanger, the net flue gas outlet of the GGH flue gas heat exchanger is connected with the flue gas inlet of the induced draft fan, and the flue gas is fed by the induced draft fan. After pressing, it is discharged into the atmosphere from the chimney to realize the discharge of waste gas up to the standard. 12. An integrated plasma multistage gasification melting furnace method for organic hazardous waste, characterized in that it comprises but not limited to the following steps: Step 1: The organic hazardous waste enters the counter-current rotary rotary primary gasifier from the kiln tail cover through the organic hazardous waste screw feeding device, and the organic hazardous waste and the combustion-supporting air move in opposite directions; the hazardous waste screw feeding device adopts frequency conversion control and adjustment The feed rate; the burner automatically controls the auxiliary fuel flow to adjust the gasification reaction temperature in the furnace; the primary gasification fan controls and adjusts the primary gasification air volume by frequency conversion, so that the horizontal rotary kiln forms an obvious oxygen concentration gradient along the axial direction; The rotary drive system of the counter-current rotary primary gasifier adopts frequency conversion control to adjust the gasification reaction time of hazardous wastes; during the comprehensive gasification of organic hazardous wastes of various types and complex components, the feed rate (spiral frequency) is controlled and adjusted by controlling and adjusting. , primary gasification air volume, auxiliary fuel volume, gasification temperature~1000℃, gasification reaction time (rotational driving frequency of countercurrent rotary primary gasifier), syngas oxygen content 0.2%~1%, syngas CO Concentration (7%~12%), syngas CH ₄ concentration (within 1%) and other process conditions and operating parameters, so that the organic hazardous waste undergoes drying, rapid pyrolysis, rapid gasification and other processes in the primary gasifier. Completely convert high-boiling point, macromolecular chain and refractory organics into combustible gases (synthesis gas) such as H ₂ , CO and CH ₄ , which fundamentally solves the problem of slow reaction, incomplete reaction and tar in the traditional pyrolysis and gasification process. At the same time, the primary gasifier will produce a small amount of solid semi-coke containing fixed carbon and inorganic substances; the synthesis gas enters the secondary combustion chamber through the synthesis gas outlet pipe of the kiln tail cover for gaseous homogeneous combustion, It is conducive to the efficient recovery and utilization of waste heat; the solid semi-coke falls into the vertical secondary gasifier for further processing with the rotation of the countercurrent rotary primary gasifier; Step 2: The solid semi-coke produced by the pyrolysis and gasification of the countercurrent rotary primary gasifier forms a material bed with a certain height in the vertical secondary gasifier, and the flux and coke are added to the furnace through the flux feeding device. Vertical two-stage gasifier, the difference in specific gravity of coke makes it gather between the material bed and the molten slurry to form a coke bed. The coke bed provides support for the material bed and distributes the plasma jet into the material bed. The coke bed provides voids for the downward flow of glassy slag and metals; the high temperature and high reactivity of the plasma make the fixed carbon in the solid semi-coke gasify rapidly to CO. By controlling and adjusting the plasma torch power and secondary gas Process conditions and operating parameters such as gasification air volume and secondary gasification temperature, realize high-temperature plasma gasification of solid semi-coke, overcome the defects of slow reaction process and incomplete reaction of solid-state semi-coke in traditional thermochemical treatment technology, and eliminate the secondary gasification of semi-coke. The precondition for oxin synthesis eliminates the problem of dioxin pollution from the source; the ash content is melted during the high-temperature gasification of the plasma, and by adjusting the power of the plasma torch, the type and quantity of the flux, the ash content of the ash content can be effectively reduced The melting point temperature improves the fluidity of the molten slurry and reduces the energy consumption of the system; after the molten slag accumulates to a certain amount, it is discharged out of the furnace through the molten pool slag outlet at the bottom of the secondary gasifier, and is quenched and cooled by water to form a glassy substance; according to " "Technical Requirements for Vitrification Products of Solid Waste" (GB/T41015-2021), after passing the inspection, vitreous substances can be used as general solid wastes to realize resource utilization to avoid the generation of secondary hazardous wastes; vertical secondary gasifiers produce As part of the heat source of the counter-current rotary primary gasifier, the high-temperature syngas obtained can significantly enhance and speed up the primary gasification reaction process; Through step 1 and step 2, the staged and graded gasification of organic hazardous waste is realized, the adjustment and control of gasification conditions and process parameters are optimized, and the material adaptability and gasification efficiency of the device and system are significantly improved; Step 3: The high-efficiency homogeneous combustion of the syngas occurs in the secondary combustion chamber, and a large amount of heat can be released without supplementing auxiliary fuel to maintain the operating temperature of the secondary combustion chamber ≥ 1100°C; the heat released by the combustion of the syngas is recovered by the waste heat recovery device to generate electricity Or direct steam utilization, which can improve the economy of system operation; before the country has not issued special technical specifications and pollution control standards for plasma technology treatment of hazardous wastes, the 500 ℃ flue gas after waste heat recovery needs to enter the quenching device within 1 second Rapidly cool down to less than 200℃, avoid the temperature range of dioxin resynthesis, and meet the requirements of "Hazardous Waste Incineration Pollution Control Standard" (GB18484); Step 4: The flue gas after being rapidly cooled by the quenching device is removed by a dry deacidification device to remove some acid gases such as SO ₂ , HCl and HF, and the flue gas after dry deacidification is adsorbed by activated carbon to remove heavy metals and dioxins, and then Most of the particulate matter is filtered and removed by the bag dust removal device. The flue gas after dust removal is further removed by the pre-cooling tower and the two-stage wet deacidification tower to further remove SO ₂ , HCl and HF and other acid gases. Electrostatic precipitators further remove particulate matter, acid mist and salt mist; Step 5: The outlet flue gas (~68°C) of the wet electrostatic precipitator is heated to ~140°C by the GGH flue gas heat exchanger, and the flue gas outlet of the wet electrostatic precipitator is connected to the original flue gas inlet of the GGH flue gas heat exchanger. The flue gas outlet (~200℃) of the SCR denitration device is connected to the net flue gas inlet of the GGH flue gas heat exchanger. After heat exchange between the high temperature flue gas and the low temperature flue gas, the net flue gas outlet of the GGH flue gas heat exchanger is The flue gas temperature drops to about 130°C, and the flue gas temperature at the original flue gas outlet of the GGH flue gas heat exchanger rises to about 140°C, achieving the purpose of utilizing the high-temperature flue gas waste heat at the outlet of the SCR denitrification device and reducing the energy consumption of the system; Step 6: The flue gas heated by GGH is further heated to about 200 ℃ by the SGH flue gas reheater, and the flue gas heated by SGH is further removed by SCR catalytic denitrification device to further remove _NOx , which meets the "Pollution Control Standard for Hazardous Waste Incineration" (GB18484) limit requirements; the SGH flue gas reheater uses the 300 ℃ superheated steam generated by the waste heat recovery device to heat the flue gas to 200 ℃ to meet the working temperature requirements of the SCR denitration device; Step 7: The net flue gas at the outlet of the GGH flue gas heat exchanger is pressurized by the induced draft fan and discharged into the atmosphere from the chimney.

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