CN110107907B - Organic chemical industry smart distillation residue burns processing system - Google Patents

Organic chemical industry smart distillation residue burns processing system Download PDF

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Publication number
CN110107907B
CN110107907B CN201910491020.6A CN201910491020A CN110107907B CN 110107907 B CN110107907 B CN 110107907B CN 201910491020 A CN201910491020 A CN 201910491020A CN 110107907 B CN110107907 B CN 110107907B
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China
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flue gas
residue
pipeline
heat boiler
tower
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CN201910491020.6A
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Chinese (zh)
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CN110107907A (en
Inventor
余传林
王祺
宋爱军
赵洪宇
关小川
张翔武
蔡伟
梁丽娟
曹威
程坤乾
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Dalian Kelin Energysaving & Environmental Protection Co ltd
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Dalian Kelin Energysaving & Environmental Protection Co ltd
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F22—STEAM GENERATION
    • F22B—METHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
    • F22B1/00—Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method
    • F22B1/02—Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method by exploitation of the heat content of hot heat carriers
    • F22B1/18—Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method by exploitation of the heat content of hot heat carriers the heat carrier being a hot gas, e.g. waste gas such as exhaust gas of internal-combustion engines
    • F22B1/1807—Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method by exploitation of the heat content of hot heat carriers the heat carrier being a hot gas, e.g. waste gas such as exhaust gas of internal-combustion engines using the exhaust gases of combustion engines
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G7/00—Incinerators or other apparatus for consuming industrial waste, e.g. chemicals
    • F23G7/04—Incinerators or other apparatus for consuming industrial waste, e.g. chemicals of waste liquors, e.g. sulfite liquors
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G7/00—Incinerators or other apparatus for consuming industrial waste, e.g. chemicals
    • F23G7/06—Incinerators or other apparatus for consuming industrial waste, e.g. chemicals of waste gases or noxious gases, e.g. exhaust gases
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES 
    • F23J1/00—Removing ash, clinker, or slag from combustion chambers
    • F23J1/06—Mechanically-operated devices, e.g. clinker pushers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES 
    • F23J15/00—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes
    • F23J15/02—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes of purifiers, e.g. for removing noxious material
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES 
    • F23J15/00—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes
    • F23J15/06—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes of coolers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES 
    • F23J3/00—Removing solid residues from passages or chambers beyond the fire, e.g. from flues by soot blowers
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E20/00—Combustion technologies with mitigation potential
    • Y02E20/30—Technologies for a more efficient combustion or heat usage

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Treating Waste Gases (AREA)

Abstract

The utility model provides an organic chemical industry smart distillation residue burns processing system, belong to environmental protection and energy saving and discarded object resource utilization technical field, form integral type U type structure after the one end of residue incinerator and exhaust-heat boiler fixed intercommunication, exhaust-heat boiler's right side wall and cyclone communicate, cyclone's top is passed through U type flue and is passed through the quench tower top intercommunication, quench tower's right side wall passes through venturi and bag collector's import intercommunication, bag collector's export is passed through the pipeline and is passed through the import intercommunication of deacidification tower, the top of deacidification tower passes through pipeline and flue gas reheat ware intercommunication, flue gas reheat ware's lower extreme and SCR denitrification facility intercommunication, SCR denitrification facility's export is passed through pipeline and draught fan and chimney intercommunication. The system has the advantages of better consideration of ecological benefit and economic benefit, thorough treatment effect on three wastes in chemical industry, no secondary pollution, compact overall layout, small occupied area and strong continuous working capacity.

Description

Organic chemical industry smart distillation residue burns processing system
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of environmental protection, energy conservation and waste recycling, and particularly relates to an organic chemical industry refined distillation residue incineration disposal system.
Background
The organic chemical industry comprises basic organic chemical industry, high molecular chemical industry and fine chemical industry. The organic chemical industry is a typical heavy pollution industry, and products, intermediate products and raw materials of the organic chemical industry are dangerous chemicals, and the rectification residue of the organic chemical industry has the environmental problems of various pollutants, large discharge amount, complex components, serious environmental pollution and the like. At present, the management of industrial solid waste in China is lagged behind the management of waste gas and waste water as a whole. The whole process management mode is adopted, and related national standards of identification, treatment and disposal of dangerous wastes are successively discharged; however, the comprehensive utilization of dangerous wastes has a management vacancy, and especially has a problem in the aspect of secondary pollution supervision of the comprehensive utilization of dangerous wastes.
The treatment and disposal of the organic chemical rectification residue pollution mostly adopts three principles of recycling, reducing and harmless treatment and disposal of the solid waste, and the treatment and disposal modes mainly comprise four modes of comprehensive utilization, incineration, landfill and sewage treatment, the ways are divided into two modes of in-site and out-of-site, and the final result of the treatment is to eliminate all dangers of the rectification residue. The main problems of the prior pretreatment of the rectification residue are dehydration and solidification of the rectification residue. The dehydration of distillation residues, whether enterprises are produced or disposed of, mostly adopts a method of natural dehydration in a stack yard, the method has the problem of treatment of leaching liquid generated by volatilization of organic matters into air, the pollution of the organic matters volatilized into the air is basically not concerned by enterprises, part of enterprises collect the leaching liquid to treat the leaching liquid, and part of enterprises are equivalent to natural air drying. The partial rectification residue contains not only organic components but also catalyst, reactant and the like, and the partial rectification residue contains heavy metals, and the partial rectification residue also contains one kind of heavy metals, and the disposal method adopted in most cases at present is to burn and then fill. Because the incineration is carried out by incinerating various organic matters together, the components after incineration have dilution effect, and therefore, curing measures are not adopted in general, and a part of dangerous wastes needing curing treatment are not cured.
At present, due to the rough technical level of China, enterprises for carrying out secondary rectification treatment on rectification (distillation) residues are fewer. While the country has clearly not taken the units of the hazardous waste operation license from having to engage in the hazardous waste operation, the act of illegally transferring and disposing of the rectifying (distilled) residue is severely strived for, many businesses still take the residue out to businesses without qualification units for disposal. The subsequent forward supervision of the residues is absent and the data is unknown, so that the environmental pollution risk is extremely high; meanwhile, after secondary rectification of the residues, more waste such as waste water, waste gas, rectification residues and the like can be generated, and the risk of environmental pollution caused by management deficiency is extremely high.
Some rectification residues have combustibility and high combustion values, and are used as fuel inside and outside enterprises, and during investigation, the boilers are found to be part of the production process of the enterprises, but only meet the production requirements of the enterprises, and whether the requirements of dangerous waste incineration are met or not is unknown, so that the risk of environmental hazard caused by the rectification residues is possibly increased.
The leakage of the rectification residue in the storage and transportation processes inevitably causes the pollution of soil, underground water and surface water, even the ozone in the atmosphere layer is possibly destroyed, and the common rectification residue disposal technology such as secondary rectification burning and the like also easily causes secondary pollution to the atmospheric environment around the treatment facilities. Therefore, the comprehensive utilization of planning residues, treatment and disposal technology and management system are needed to be started from the aspects of strong control source, on-site utilization and the like.
Because of different raw materials, different processes and different equipment in chemical production, residues generated in the rectification production process are different. Therefore, the components of the distillation residue are different and various, and qualitative and quantitative analysis and detection become very difficult. The distillation residue is usually viscous and solid, and some are liquid, and the components mainly comprise asphalt residue, tar residue, waste acid tar, phenol residue, toluene residue, liquefied petroleum gas raffinate (containing benzopyrene, naphthalene, fluoranthene, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon waste) and the like. For example: the rectification residue of methanol contains dimethylpentane, butanol, amyl alcohol, hexanol, more alcohol and the like; the rectification residue of vinyl chloride contains vinyl chloride, dichloroethane, dichloroethylene, trichloroethane, trichloroethylene and the like; about 0.6 ton of acetone byproduct is produced in the phenol production process, and finally enters the phenol refining residues. That is, the rectification residue contains both the raw material and the product and further intermediate components. Common treatment methods for the rectification residue include physical methods, biological methods, wet oxidation methods, incineration methods, and the like. The physical method, the biological method and the wet oxidation method have a certain defect of imperfect treatment.
The disposal of the distillation residue by incineration is economical, and the incineration process is a comprehensive reaction process integrating a plurality of subjects such as physical change, chemical change, catalytic reaction, aerodynamics, heat transfer science and the like. The incineration method is used for treating refined (distilled) residues with high concentration, high toxicity and complex components, not only realizes reduction and harmlessness, but also can recycle heat generated by incineration.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an incineration disposal system for organic chemical engineering refined distillation residues, which solves the defects of the prior art in the domestic market at present, and aims at the purposes that the refined distillation residues contain less halogen such as chlorine, fluorine and the like and contain other acid radical ions, the smoke components are complex, the full combustion of the organic chemical engineering refined distillation residues is realized, the pollution hazard and the huge toxicity of the refined distillation residues are thoroughly incinerated, and the inorganic salt generated by incineration and the high-temperature waste heat in the incineration process are recycled.
The invention relates to an organic chemical fine distillation residue incineration disposal system which is realized in the following manner, one end of a residue incinerator is fixedly communicated with a waste heat boiler to form an integrated U-shaped structure, the main incinerator part of the residue incinerator adopts a heat insulation incinerator, the furnace wall of the heat insulation incinerator adopts acid and alkali corrosion resistant compact corundum or chrome steel jade refractory castable or refractory brick, the heat loss is small, the other end and the bottom of the residue incinerator are the heat insulation incinerator, the residue incinerator can be divided into three parts of the top part, the upper part and the lower part of the incinerator according to the structure, wherein the top part is provided with a residue atomizing spray gun, the residue atomizing spray gun adopts an internal mixing type steam atomizing spray gun, and the residue is atomized by steam generated by the boiler. Four main burners connected with the combustion-supporting fans, the organic waste gas booster fans and the natural gas pipelines are arranged on the same cross section of the two side walls of the furnace wall at the corresponding positions in the height direction of the residue incinerator, flames of the four main burners form a tangential circle combustion state with the center of the hearth as the center of the circle and the radius of the tangential circle being 300-500mm at the cross section of the hearth, disturbance and residence time of the flames in the hearth are increased, and burning out of organic matters in atomized residues in a main combustion area is ensured. The corresponding position of the U-shaped channel at the lower part of the adiabatic incinerator is provided with a afterburning burner, so that inorganic salt in refined distillation residues is further heated to be in a molten flow state, so that the inorganic salt is conveniently discharged out of the incinerator, residual organic matters in the inorganic salt are further burnt out, the inorganic salt discharged out of the incinerator is ensured to reach industrial salt grade standard for recycling, the inorganic salt discharged out of the incinerator is prevented from being dangerously wasted due to the residual organic matters, and the inorganic salt is further required to be further treated or buried according to dangerously wasted requirements, so that secondary disposal waste of enterprises is caused. The four-side furnace wall of the residue incinerator is provided with a coke punching hole along the corresponding part of the four-side furnace wall of the residue incinerator, the coke punching hole device is provided with two round holes, one of the two round holes is an observation hole formed by adopting heat-resistant glass, the observation hole is arranged at the upper part of the coke punching hole device, the combustion condition of the furnace and the salt forming condition of the furnace wall can be observed, accordingly, a coke punching steel drill rod can be adopted to punch the salt forming part of the furnace wall through the round hole at the lower part of the coke punching hole device, so that salt is deposited at the bottom of the residue incinerator with a U-shaped structure, and the round hole at the lower part of the coke punching hole device is in a closed state by using the arranged punching Jiao Kongmen when the coke is not punched, so that air leakage to a hearth is avoided.
The other side of the residue incinerator is provided with a waste heat boiler, a steam drum of the waste heat boiler is independently arranged at a certain position on the upper part of the waste heat boiler, four furnace walls of the waste heat boiler are surrounded by membrane water walls, and an upper header and a lower header of the membrane water walls are connected with the steam drum, an independent descending pipe and an independent steam-water ascending pipe to form another closed circulation loop; the waste heat boiler is internally provided with a plurality of groups of L-shaped quenching screen type heating surfaces, a steam-water eduction tube of a top header of the plurality of groups of L-shaped quenching screen type heating surfaces is communicated with a steam drum, and a closed circulation loop is formed by the plurality of groups of L-shaped quenching screen type heating surfaces, the steam drum, an independently arranged concentrated down tube and an independently arranged steam-water ascending tube. The waste heat boiler in the form of a film water-cooled wall furnace wall and the arrangement of a plurality of groups of L-shaped film wall quenching screen type heating surfaces in the waste heat boiler can instantly reduce the temperature of high-temperature flue gas containing salt at 1100 ℃ to below 550 ℃ on one hand, so that the inorganic salt in a molten state is instantly changed from a liquid state or a gas state into a solid state, part of the solid salt is deposited at the bottom of the U-shaped structure incinerator by virtue of gravity, the high-temperature flue gas, the salt solution in the molten state and the afterburner reheat the high-temperature flue gas to flow out of the incinerator, and solid fine salt particles taken away by the flue gas can be recovered in a later device without adhesiveness. Steam soot blowing or gas pulse soot blowing devices are arranged at corresponding positions of the waste heat boiler, inorganic salts adhered to the waste heat boiler and a plurality of groups of L-shaped film wall quenching screen type heating surfaces of the waste heat boiler are cleaned on line, and the inorganic salts are deposited at the bottom of the U-shaped structure incinerator.
The flue gas outlet of the waste heat boiler is communicated with the cyclone separator, the flue gas containing solid fine salt particles is further subjected to gas-solid separation through the cyclone separator, the solid fine salt particles in the flue gas are separated and enter a displacement bin a arranged at the lower part of the cyclone separator, the solid fine salt particles collected in the displacement bin a are washed by nitrogen, corrosive components in the flue gas doped in the solid fine salt particles are separated, the nitrogen is used for displacing the separated gas and sending the gas into an alkaline scrubber, and inorganic salt without corrosive components can be sent into a water-cooled scraper through a star-shaped discharge valve for centralized recycling. In order to avoid corrosion of corrosive gas to the device behind the lower part of the cyclone separator, a star-shaped discharge valve is arranged between the cyclone separator and the replacement bin a. The replacement bin a is heated by steam, so that the temperature of the replacement bin a is prevented from being kept above the acid dew point temperature of 30 ℃, and the replacement bin a is ensured not to be corroded and can work normally.
The flue gas with the temperature of 500-550 ℃ after being separated by the cyclone separator enters a quenching tower through a flue, clear water is adopted in the quenching tower to further cool the flue gas to 180-200 ℃ within 1s by utilizing an atomization spray gun, and the formation of dioxane in the flue gas is effectively avoided. The solid fine salt particles recovered in the displacement bin b at the lower part of the quenching tower are also displaced by nitrogen in the same way as the displacement bin a at the lower part of the cyclone. In order to avoid corrosion of corrosive gas to the device behind the lower part of the water spray cooling quenching tower, a star-shaped discharge valve is arranged between the quenching tower and the replacement bin b. The replacement bin b is heated by steam, so that the unavoidable temperature of the replacement bin is kept above the acid dew point temperature of 30 ℃, and the replacement bin is ensured not to be corroded and can work normally.
A venturi tube is arranged on a flue between the quenching tower and the bag type dust collector, and an active carbon spraying device and a quicklime spraying device are arranged on the venturi tube to further adsorb and desorb the dioxane in the flue gas.
The outlet flue gas of the quenching tower is sequentially connected with a venturi tube and a bag type dust collector through a flue, the bag type dust collector adopts on-line pulse soot blowing, the upper end of the bag type dust collector is provided with a compressed air buffer tank, compressed air utilizes self-produced steam of a waste heat boiler as a heat source to heat the self-produced steam to about 120 ℃ by a steam-gas heat exchanger, the lower end of the bag type dust collector is provided with an ash bucket, the outer wall of the ash bucket is provided with a steam tracing pipeline, the ash bucket is ensured to be kept at the acid dew point temperature above 30 ℃, and the outer wall temperature of the ash bucket is prevented from being lower than the acid dew point temperature.
The outlet flue gas of the bag type dust collector is communicated with a deacidification tower through a pipeline, a multi-stage circulating spray washing pipe, a multi-stage cyclone separator, a multi-stage flue gas uniform distributor and a multi-stage packing layer are arranged in the deacidification tower, a demister consisting of a baffle plate or a silk screen is arranged at the top of the deacidification tower, the outlet at the lower end of the desulfurization tower is communicated with a three-stage or multi-stage precipitation tank of deacidification liquid, and alkali liquor supplementing adjustment is carried out on the precipitation tank according to the pH value of the deacidification liquid in the lower tank of the desulfurization tower. The deacidification tower adopts a countercurrent spray mode with the flow direction of the flue gas, an alkali liquor spray washing pipe is arranged at the upper part of each grade of flue gas packing layer to neutralize and wash the flue gas, deacidification liquid after deacidification of the flue gas is deposited into a lower end storage tank of the desulfurization tower by gravity, and the lower part of the lower end storage tank of the sulfur tower is communicated with a deacidification liquid sedimentation tank through a pipeline and a valve to discharge deacidification sewage. And the deacidification liquid sedimentation tank is connected with the neutralization tank and the clean water tank by virtue of an overflow structure and is adjacent to the neutralization tank, and alkali liquor is supplemented to the neutralization tank at regular time according to the pH value change of the deacidification liquid in the storage tank at the lower end of the desulfurizing tower.
The flue gas with the temperature of about 50 ℃ from the deacidification tower is communicated with a flue gas reheater through a pipeline, and natural gas is combusted in the flue gas reheater through a burner to raise the temperature of the flue gas with the temperature of about 50 ℃ to about 220 ℃. The lower end of the flue gas reheating device is provided with 2-3 layers of SCR denitration catalyst modules at a certain position, and an atomization ammonia spraying port and an air homogenizing pore plate are arranged between the flue gas reheating device and the denitration catalyst modules. The SCR denitration device selects a medium-low temperature catalyst, the operation temperature is 160-240 ℃, the injected ammonia water and the SCR denitration catalyst can be utilized to reduce nitrogen oxides generated in the residue incineration process, so that the NOx is converted into N2 and H2O, the flue gas after denitration can be connected with a draught fan through a flue, and clean flue gas is introduced into a chimney through the draught fan for evacuation.
The lower end of the residue incinerator is communicated with the double-shaft cooler through the expansion joint, the outlet of the double-shaft cooler is communicated with the inlet of the water-cooling scraper slag remover, the salt discharging mode at the lower part of the residue incinerator is molten liquid salt discharging, and the molten salt at 1100 ℃ enters the double-shaft cooler for cooling and then enters the water-cooling scraper slag remover, so that solid salt collecting can be realized. The water-cooling scraper slag remover is conveyed to an incineration salt storage warehouse, and solid salt collected after incineration can be packed, stacked and recycled in the salt storage warehouse;
the solid fine salt after the replacement bin a and the replacement bin b are replaced by nitrogen is communicated with the inlet of the water-cooling scraper slag remover through a star-shaped discharge valve and a pipeline, and the outlet of the water-cooling scraper slag remover is communicated with the incineration residue warehouse.
The replacement bin a (16) and the replacement bin b (17) are respectively provided with a replacement nitrogen inlet (38), a safety valve (39) and a replacement nitrogen outlet (40), and the replacement nitrogen outlet (40) is connected to the flue gas inlet at the lower part of the desulfurizing tower (20) through a pipeline.
The residue atomizing spray gun is communicated with the residue buffer tank through a booster pump and a pipeline, the residue atomizing spray gun atomizing agent adopts saturated or overheated steam or compressed air, and the outer wall of the residue buffer tank adopts steam tracing to ensure the temperature required by the liquid state flow of the residue in the residue buffer tank; the main burner and the afterburner are respectively communicated with an external natural gas pipeline, so that external energy required by burning residues is ensured.
The inner wall of the residue incinerator is preferably coated with acid and alkali corrosion resistant chrome steel jade refractory castable, and a heat preservation castable is arranged between the inner wall of the residue incinerator and the chrome steel jade refractory castable.
And a demister is arranged in a pipeline which is communicated with the flue gas reheating device.
The waste liquid incinerator and waste heat boiler U-shaped integrated structure is adopted, the layout is compact, most waste heat is recovered by the waste heat boiler, and a large amount of fuel cost is saved; the recovered salt is in a liquid salt-out form and a solid salt-collecting form, so that impurities can be effectively removed, and the purity of the salt is high; in the system, because of chlorine, a quenching tower is arranged for controlling the generation of dioxin harmful substances, so that the flue gas is rapidly cooled to an optimal temperature point for skipping the generation of the dioxin harmful substances. After quenching, a venturi tube is arranged, and the metered active carbon and quicklime powder are sprayed into a flue through a spraying fan to be mixed with the flue gas, so that heavy metals in the flue gas are absorbed, and the generation of dioxin harmful substances is further restrained; in order to prevent dew point corrosion of hydrogen chloride, on one hand, a nitrogen replacement bin is arranged at the lower parts of a cyclone separator and a quenching tower to effectively remove hydrogen chloride gas, and on the other hand, back-blowing gas of a bag-type dust remover is heated, and an ash bucket carries out heat tracing to prevent dew point corrosion of subsequent equipment; the incineration system can continuously and effectively treat the high-concentration organic waste liquid containing salt and chlorine throughout the year; and finally, purifying the flue gas in the system by a bag type dust collector, a quicklime and active carbon spraying device, a deacidification tower and an SCR denitration device to completely realize environment-friendly standard emission. The system has the advantages of better consideration of ecological benefit and economic benefit, thorough treatment effect on three wastes in chemical industry, no secondary pollution, compact overall layout, small occupied area and strong continuous working capacity.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is an overall block diagram;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a waste incinerator;
FIG. 3 is a block diagram of a dual-shaft cooler;
FIG. 4 is a partial enlarged view;
FIG. 5 is a diagram of a replacement bin configuration;
as shown in fig. 1 to 4, the combustion fan (1), the water-cooled scraper slag remover (2), the double-shaft cooler (3), the expansion joint (4), the afterburner (5), the residue incinerator (6), the chrome steel jade refractory castable (7), the heat preservation castable (8), the main burner (9), the residue atomizing spray gun (10), the waste heat boiler (11), the steam drum (12), the cyclone separator (13), the U-shaped flue (14), the water spray cooling quenching tower (15), the replacement bin a (16), the replacement bin b (17), the venturi tube (18), the bag-type dust remover (19), the deacidification tower (20), the demister (21), the burner (22), the flue gas reheater (23), the SCR denitration device (24), the induced draft fan (25), the chimney (26), the organic waste gas booster fan (27), the star-shaped discharge valve (28), the L-shaped film type wall screen type quenching surface (29), the replacement nitrogen inlet (30), the safety valve (31), the replacement nitrogen outlet (32) and the solid waste seeding device (33).
Detailed Description
The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is apparent that the described embodiments are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
Example 1: the main equipment comprises a combustion-supporting fan 1, a water-cooling scraper slag remover 2, a double-shaft cooler 3, a slag incinerator 6, a waste heat boiler 11, a steam drum 12, a cyclone separator 13, a water-spraying cooling quenching tower 15, a bag type dust collector 19, a deacidification tower 20, a flue gas reheating device 23, an SCR denitration device 24, an induced draft fan 25 and a chimney 26. The inner wall of the residue incinerator 6 is coated with acid and alkali corrosion resistant and high temperature resistant chrome steel jade refractory castable 7, a heat preservation castable 8 is arranged between the inner wall of the residue incinerator 6 and the chrome steel jade refractory castable 7, and a solid waste seeder 33 is arranged on the residue incinerator. The left end of the residue incinerator 6 is divided into a top part, an upper part and a lower part, the top part is provided with a waste liquid atomizing spray gun 10, an internal mixing type steam atomizing spray gun is selected, four main burners 9 connected with a combustion-supporting fan 1, an organic waste gas booster fan 27 and a natural gas pipeline are arranged on the upper part and the middle upper part, the disturbance and the residence time of flame in a hearth are increased, and the combustion burnout of a main combustion area on organic matters in atomized residues is ensured. The lower part is provided with an afterburner 5 connected with the combustion-supporting fan 1 and a natural gas pipeline; the four-side furnace wall of the residue incinerator is provided with a coking hole along the corresponding part of the four-side furnace wall, the coking hole device is provided with two round holes, one of the two round holes is an observation hole formed by adopting heat-resistant glass, the observation hole is arranged at the upper part of the coking hole device, the combustion condition of the incinerator and the salt formation condition of the furnace wall can be observed, accordingly, a coking steel drill rod can be adopted to carry out coking on the salt formation part of the furnace wall through the round hole at the lower part of the coking hole device, salt formation is deposited at the bottom of the incinerator with a U-shaped structure, and the round hole at the lower part of the coking hole device is in a closed state by utilizing the arranged coking Jiao Kongmen when no coking is carried out, so that no air leakage to a hearth is ensured. The lower extreme of residue incinerator 6 is linked together with biax cooler 3 through expansion joint 4, and the export of biax cooler 3 communicates with the import of water-cooling scraper blade slag remover 2, further cools off and collects the lime-ash, the right-hand member of waste liquid incinerator 6 form integral type U type structure after fixed intercommunication with exhaust-heat boiler 11, this compact structure heat loss is less. The waste heat boiler 11 adopts a vertical membrane water-cooled wall structure, a plurality of groups of L-shaped quenching screen type heating surfaces 29 are arranged in the waste heat boiler, the top is connected with a steam drum 12, the side wall is communicated with a cyclone separator 13, the top end of the cyclone separator 13 is communicated with the top end of a water spray cooling quenching tower 15 through a U-shaped flue 14, the right side wall of the water spray cooling quenching tower 15 is communicated with the inlet of a bag type dust collector 19 through a venturi 18, the outlet of the bag type dust collector 19 is communicated with the inlet of a deacidification tower 20 through a pipeline, partial salts are captured by the cyclone separator 13 under the action of centrifugal force, the partial salts enter a replacement bin a16 at the lower part of the cyclone separator 13 through a star-shaped discharge valve 28, two quenching atomization spray guns are arranged at the shoulder part of the water spray cooling quenching tower 15, and partial salts are captured by the star-shaped discharge valve 28 and enter a replacement bin b17 at the lower part. The replacement bin a16 and the replacement bin b17 are respectively communicated with the inlet of the water-cooling scraper slag remover 2, and the outlet of the water-cooling scraper slag remover 2 is communicated with the incineration residue warehouse. The venturi tube 18 is provided with a quicklime spraying device interface and an active carbon spraying device interface, and is connected with the quicklime spraying device and the active carbon spraying device; the venturi 18 is followed by a bag filter 19, a compressed air buffer tank is arranged above the bag filter 19, air is preheated to about 120 ℃, an off-line pulse soot blowing mode is adopted, and an ash bucket is arranged below the bag filter 19. The replacement bin a16 and the replacement bin b17 are respectively provided with a replacement nitrogen inlet 38, a safety valve 39 and a replacement nitrogen outlet 40, and the replacement nitrogen outlet 40 is connected to a flue gas inlet at the lower part of the desulfurizing tower 20 through a pipeline. An alkali liquor nozzle and a demister 21 are arranged at the top of the deacidification tower 20, and a flue gas reheating device 23 is arranged behind the deacidification tower 20. The flue gas reheating device 23 is provided with a flue gas reheating burner 22; an SCR denitration device 24 is arranged behind the flue gas reheating device 23; the SCR denitration device 24 is provided with an ammonia injection grid in the inlet flue. The flue gas meeting the national environmental protection standard requirement is sent into a chimney 26 by a draught fan 25.
The specific working flow is as follows: after equipment and fuel are ready, firstly air is conveyed to a main burner 9 in an incinerator through a combustion-supporting fan 1, an organic waste gas booster fan and natural gas, a draught fan 25 is turned on, micro negative pressure in a hearth is kept, an ignition device is started for ignition, when the temperature of the hearth is close to a reasonable temperature interval, high-concentration salt-containing chlorine-containing organic waste liquid is conveyed to a waste liquid atomizing spray gun 10 through a waste liquid booster pump, compressed air is introduced, and the waste liquid is atomized and incinerated in the hearth. In the burning process, through the combustion of the afterburner 5 at the lower part of the hearth, molten salt cooling is prevented from blocking the hearth outlet of the incinerator, ash slag in a molten state sequentially falls into the double-shaft cooler 3 below the incinerator, and after preliminary cooling, the ash slag further falls into the scraper slag remover 2 below for further cooling and recycling; the incinerated flue gas enters a waste heat boiler 11, the waste heat boiler 11 exchanges heat with the flue gas by utilizing circulating cooling water in a membrane water wall to generate saturated steam, the flue gas is rapidly cooled by a cooling chamber, a steam drum 12 of the waste heat boiler 11 is independently arranged at a certain position on the upper part of the waste heat boiler 11, four furnace walls of the waste heat boiler 11 are surrounded by the membrane water wall, and an upper header and a lower header of the membrane water wall are combined with the steam drum 12, an independently arranged additional downcomer and an independently arranged steam-water rising pipe to form another closed circulation loop; the waste heat boiler 11 is internally provided with a plurality of groups of L-shaped quenching screen heating surfaces 29, a top header steam-water eduction tube of the L-shaped quenching screen heating surfaces 29 is communicated with the steam drum 12, and the L-shaped quenching screen heating surfaces 29, the steam drum 12, the independently arranged concentrated down pipes and the independently arranged steam-water ascending pipes form a closed circulation loop. The arrangement of the film water-cooled wall type waste heat boiler 11 and the L-shaped film wall quenching screen type heating surfaces 29 arranged in the waste heat boiler 11 can instantly reduce the temperature of the high-temperature flue gas containing salt at 1100 ℃ to below 550 ℃ on one hand, so that the inorganic salt in a molten state is instantly changed from a liquid state or a gas state into a solid state, part of the solid salt is deposited at the bottom of the residue incinerator 6 with a U-shaped structure by gravity, the high-temperature flue gas, the salt liquid in the molten state and the afterburner 5 reheat the high-temperature flue gas and the salt liquid in the molten state to flow out of the boiler, and solid fine salt particles taken away by the flue gas can be recovered in a later device without adhesiveness. Steam soot blowing or gas pulse soot blowing devices are arranged at corresponding positions of the waste heat boiler 6, inorganic salts adhered to the waste heat boiler 6 and a plurality of groups of L-shaped film wall quenching screen type heating surfaces 29 arranged in the waste heat boiler 6 are cleaned on line, and the inorganic salts are deposited at the bottom of the U-shaped residue incinerator 6. ; the rear part of the waste heat boiler 11 is connected with a cyclone separator 13, partial salts are trapped under the action of centrifugal force, and then the flue gas at 500-550 ℃ enters a water spraying cooling quenching tower 15. Because the incineration waste liquid contains chlorine, in order to control the generation of dioxin harmful substances, a water spray cooling quenching tower 15 is arranged to rapidly cool the flue gas from 550 ℃ to 180 ℃, so that the optimal temperature point for generating the dioxin harmful substances is skipped. On the flue behind the water spray cooling quench tower 15, set up venturi 18, spray activated carbon and quicklime powder after the measurement into the flue through the jet fan and mix with the flue gas, absorb heavy metal in the flue gas and further the harmful substance production of dioxin of restriction. The flue gas after quenching enters the bag filter 19 arranged at the back, and in order to prevent the flue gas from being cooled to the dew point and corroding the bag filter 19, the system adopts two measures: firstly, preheating back-blowing compressed air to about 120 ℃; secondly, the ash bucket of the bag-type dust collector is heated to more than 110 ℃. The preheated compressed air performs off-line pulse soot blowing on the bag-type dust collector 19 from the spray holes on the side wall, and ash content and quicklime in the flue gas and active carbon powder are collected by an ash bucket after heat tracing below for centralized treatment. The flue gas leaving the bag type dust collector 19 enters a deacidification tower 20, alkali liquor in an alkali liquor tank is sprayed into the tower from an alkali liquor nozzle at the upper part of the deacidification tower 20 by a circulating spray pump, so that the alkali liquor and the flue gas are fully contacted and reacted, meanwhile, residual moisture in the deacidified flue gas is removed by a demister 21 arranged at the top end of the deacidification tower 20 and in a later flue gas pipeline, and after the deacidified sewage reaches a certain water level, the deacidified sewage is discharged to a sewage treatment plant by a deacidification sewage leading-out pump; the flue gas with the residual moisture removed enters a flue gas reheating device 23, natural gas is introduced into a flue gas reheating combustor 22, and the flue gas reaching about 220 ℃ through the flue gas reheating device 23 enters a next-stage tail gas treatment equipment SCR denitration device 24. The flue gas enters the denitration system and is firstly mixed with the injected urea solution, so that the injected urea solution can be uniformly distributed in the flue gas, and an ammonia injection grid is arranged in the inlet flue. The mixed flue gas enters an SCR denitration device 24 to carry out a NOx removal reaction. The flue gas reaching the standard after being treated by the SCR denitration device 24 is led out by a draught fan 25. In the induced draft fan 25, the flue gas is further cooled by the circulating cooling water provided. Clean flue gas meeting the national environmental protection standard is introduced into a chimney 26 through a draught fan 25 and discharged into the atmosphere.
In the present invention, unless explicitly specified and limited otherwise, the terms "mounted," "configured," "arranged," "connected," "secured," "connected," and the like are to be construed broadly and may be, for example, fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally formed; can be mechanically or electrically connected; either directly or indirectly through intermediaries, or in communication with each other or in interaction with each other, unless explicitly defined otherwise, the meaning of the terms described above in this application will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art in view of the specific circumstances.
Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made therein without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined in the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims (8)

1. The utility model provides an organic chemical industry smart distillation residue burns processing system, a serial communication port, form integral type U type structure after the one end of residue incinerator (6) and exhaust-heat boiler (11) fixed intercommunication, the other end of residue incinerator (6) divide into top, upper portion and lower part triplex, wherein the top is provided with residue atomizing spray gun (10), four main burner (9) that are connected with combustion-supporting fan (1) are respectively installed to two side walls in the upper portion of residue incinerator (6) furnace, organic waste gas booster fan (27) and natural gas pipeline, install afterburner (5) that are connected with combustion-supporting fan (1), natural gas pipeline below residue incinerator (6), exhaust-heat boiler (11) embeds multiunit L type diaphragm wall rapid cooling screen type heating surface (29), the flue gas outlet and the cyclone separator (13) of exhaust-heat boiler (11) communicate, the top of cyclone separator (13) communicates with cooling quench tower (15) top through U type flue (14), the quench tower (15) quench tower's (15) is connected with venturi (18) through flue and venturi (18), flue and flue gas outlet (20) of venturi (19) are connected with flue gas pipeline (20) through venturi (19) are connected with each other, the lower end of the flue gas reheating device (23) is communicated with an SCR denitration device (24), a flue gas outlet of the SCR denitration device (24) is connected with a draught fan (25) through a pipeline, and the draught fan (25) is communicated with a chimney (26) through a pipeline; the lower end of the residue incinerator (6) is communicated with a double-shaft cooler (3) through an expansion joint (4), a solid slag outlet of the double-shaft cooler (3) is communicated with a slag inlet of a water-cooled scraper slag remover (2), the lower end of the cyclone separator (13) is communicated with the inlet of the water-cooled scraper slag remover (2) through a star-shaped discharge valve (28), a replacement bin a (16) and a pipeline, and the lower end of the water-spraying cooling quenching tower (15) is communicated with the inlet of the water-cooled scraper slag remover (2) through another star-shaped discharge valve (28), a replacement bin b (17) and a pipeline; the slag outlet of the water-cooled scraper slag remover (2) is communicated with an incineration residue warehouse; the top end of the waste heat boiler (11) is communicated with a steam drum (12); the residue atomizing spray gun (10) is communicated with the waste liquid buffer tank through a booster pump and a pipeline, the other interface of the residue atomizing spray gun (10) is connected with a compressed air or saturated steam pipeline with pressure, and residue liquid is atomized through the compressed air or saturated steam with pressure;
The inner wall of the residue incinerator (6) is coated with acid and alkali corrosion resistant and high temperature resistant chrome steel jade refractory castable (7), a heat preservation castable (8) is arranged between the inner wall of the residue incinerator (6) and the chrome steel jade refractory castable (7), and a solid waste seeder (33) is arranged on the residue incinerator;
The waste heat boiler (11) adopts a vertical membrane water-cooled wall structure, a top header steam-water eduction tube of the waste heat boiler (11) is communicated with a steam drum (12), a plurality of groups of L-shaped membrane wall quenching screen type heating surfaces (29) are arranged in the waste heat boiler and the steam drum (12), independently arranged concentrated down tubes and independently arranged steam-water rising tubes form a closed circulation loop, four-side furnace walls of the waste heat boiler (11) are surrounded by membrane water-cooled walls, the upper and lower headers of the membrane water-cooled walls and the steam drum (12), independently arranged additional down tubes and independently arranged steam-water rising tubes form another closed circulation loop, and a plurality of diameter soot blowing openings are arranged on the side walls of the membrane water-cooled walls of the waste heat boiler (11) according to the arrangement positions of the plurality of groups of L-shaped membrane wall quenching screen type heating surfaces (29) of the waste heat boiler (11).
2. The incineration disposal system for organic chemical refined distillation residues according to claim 1, wherein a plurality of spray quenching and atomizing spray guns are arranged at the upper half part of the spray cooling quenching tower (15).
3. The incineration disposal system for the organic chemical refined distillation residues according to claim 1, wherein the bag type dust collector (19) adopts on-line pulse soot blowing, the compressed air reversely purged by the bag type dust collector (19) is the compressed air heated by adopting steam heat exchange, and an ash bucket with steam tracing is arranged at the lower end of the bag type dust collector (19).
4. The incineration disposal system for the organic chemical refined distillation residues according to claim 1, wherein a multistage circulating spray washing pipe, a multistage cyclone separator, a multistage flue gas uniform distributor and a multistage packing layer are arranged in the deacidification tower (20), a demister consisting of baffle plates or silk screens is arranged at the top of the deacidification tower (20), and an outlet at the lower end of the deacidification tower (20) is communicated with a three-stage or multistage precipitation tank for the deacidification liquid.
5. The incineration disposal system for the organic chemical refined distillation residues according to claim 1, wherein a combustor (22) is arranged on the flue gas reheating device (23), the flue gas reheating device (23) and the SCR denitration device (24) are arranged in a tower, an ammonia spraying port and a multi-stage staggered flue gas uniform pore plate are arranged between the flue gas reheating device (23) and the SCR denitration device (24), the SCR denitration device (24) is composed of multi-stage denitration catalysts, and a maintenance or denitration catalyst replacement manhole is arranged between two adjacent stages of denitration catalysts.
6. The incineration disposal system for the organic chemical refined distillation residues according to claim 1, wherein a replacement nitrogen inlet (30), a safety valve (31) and a replacement nitrogen outlet (32) are arranged on the replacement bin a (16) and the replacement bin b (17), and the replacement nitrogen outlet (32) is connected to a flue gas inlet at the lower part of the deacidification tower (20) through a pipeline.
7. The incineration disposal system for organic chemical fine distillation residues according to claim 1, wherein the venturi tube (18) is provided with a quicklime spraying device interface and an active carbon spraying device interface.
8. The incineration disposal system for organic chemical refined distillation residues according to claim 1, wherein a demister (21) is installed in a pipeline communicating the deacidification tower (20) with the flue gas reheater (23).
CN201910491020.6A 2019-06-06 2019-06-06 Organic chemical industry smart distillation residue burns processing system Active CN110107907B (en)

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CN113864789A (en) * 2021-09-16 2021-12-31 上海瑞鼎环境工程技术有限公司 Incineration system for treating sulfur-containing, nitrogen-containing and salt-containing waste liquid

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