CN115029972A

CN115029972A - Garden street layout structure

Info

Publication number: CN115029972A
Application number: CN202210910650.4A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 邵润青; 段进; 钱艳; 王里漾; 张麒; 鲍宇廷; 陆垠
Original assignee: Southeast University
Current assignee: Southeast University
Priority date: 2022-07-29
Filing date: 2022-07-29
Publication date: 2022-09-09
Anticipated expiration: 2042-07-29
Also published as: CN115029972B

Abstract

The invention discloses a garden street layout structure, belonging to the field of urban and rural planning; the garden street comprises a semi-public space place formed by an overground and underground combined motor vehicle three-dimensional traffic module and a ground element organization; the motor vehicle three-dimensional traffic module comprises an underground part and a ground part, wherein the underground part is a full-time underpass type road, and the ground part is a zigzag shared road; the structure of the semi-public space place comprises: 1) the width of the ground part of the garden street is 20-25 meters, and the ground part is defined by enclosing with an impermeable enclosing wall, 2) two groups of space defining elements form the transition of the urban semi-public space, and 3) public activity element supply; therefore, an ordered garden street is established among residential streets in the category of the small blocks of the dense road network, adjacent living places for safety monitoring and urban space are mutually integrated, and the passing requirement of daily streets can be met.

Description

Garden street layout structure

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the field of urban and rural planning, and particularly relates to a garden street layout structure.

Background

With the continuous development of the current science and technology, the promotion of dense road network small blocks is the development trend of future new cities in China. The method enables the wide road blocks common in the original new city to be divided at higher density, increases 'capillary vessels' of urban traffic, and increases the proportion of open streets to the outside by breaking up the whole block of the originally closed large-scale blocks into parts, thereby improving the space potential of urban organization public activities.

However, research and practice has found that, while this model is pursued, on the one hand, residential function dominated sub-blocks surrounded by four-sided motor vehicle roads exhibit a significant problem of low amenities; negative effects of pedestrian security threats, automobile exhaust, external noise, interference of external view on privacy inside a cell, compression of the original neighborhood activity space of the cell, and the like are amplified in the cell mode.

Aiming at the situation, a plurality of ideas or design strategies are proposed at home and abroad; for example, the motor vehicle passing function of the added road section between the original streets is cancelled and is used as a method for pure walking public commercial streets; the method also has the advantages of reserving a certain road passing function, introducing concepts of street sharing, traffic stabilization, time sharing and the like, and balancing the contradiction between the walking priority and the necessary maneuvering passing to the maximum extent.

However, the inventor of the prior art finds that the former method needs to completely eliminate the motor vehicle passing function of the roads between streets, is not the original intention of the nations for promoting the dense road network blocks comprehensively, and the commercial noises of the pure public pedestrian streets still destroy the originally quiet living atmosphere of the communities; the latter has more ideas, but does not present a standardized design paradigm, and achieves the effects of traffic, walking safety and multi-party win of community interaction; more importantly, in any way, as a result, public activities at the city level are introduced among the streets, the space of community interaction and internal safety sense originally owned in the large residential block is replaced by an open city space field, and a design strategy for balancing neighborhood space is not proposed.

Disclosure of Invention

Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention aims to provide a garden street layout structure which not only keeps the passing function of a two-lane street, but also provides a city place for balancing daily communication of neighborhood space.

The purpose of the invention can be realized by the following technical scheme:

the garden street comprises a semi-public space place formed by an overground and underground combined motor vehicle three-dimensional traffic module and a ground element organization;

the motor vehicle three-dimensional traffic module comprises an underground part and a ground part, wherein the underground part is a full-time underpass type road, and the ground part is a zigzag shared road;

the structure of the semi-public space site includes: 1) the ground part of the garden street is 20-25 meters wide and is defined by an impermeable enclosing wall; 2) two groups of space limiting elements [ a ] - [ b ], [ c ] - [ d ] form the transition of the urban semi-public space; 3) a common activity element feed.

Further, the design requirements of the underpass type road are as follows:

firstly, the width of a downward crossing road is 4-5 meters, the slope of a ramp is 10% -15%, and the downward crossing road passes through a street when reaching the elevation of about-5 m (the ground elevation is +/-0);

secondly, a 10-15 meter ground line-shaped space is reserved before downward wearing, a vehicle waiting space is guaranteed, and a space buffer effect of reducing the interweaving of a downhill space and ground pedestrians is achieved;

and thirdly, the end of the underpass road is designed by adopting plane deviation, so that the underpass section is prevented from being over against the roadway opening, and the effects of reducing the speed of the vehicle and increasing the safety of ground pedestrians are achieved.

Further, the design requirement of the shared road is as follows:

the shared road is a machine-non-mixed lane without marking a central line, shares an intersection plane with an urban road intersection and a underpass road, and is guided to shunt through a green island;

the width of the shared lane is 4-6m, the surrounding space is distinguished in a pavement style, the method of generating road surface height difference such as a curb stone is not arranged, and the minimum turning radius is 6 m;

thirdly, the shared lane is locally designed by plane offset, 1-2 parts of the shared lane are linearly offset horizontally, and the horizontal offset distance is at least larger than 2.4 m;

providing a limited reserved space for traffic in the rush hour or emergency, allowing motor vehicles to pass in the 4-6m space according to the rush hour of the city in which the project is positioned or under special emergency conditions, and forbidding the motor vehicles to enter a street forbidden area in other time periods, wherein the motor vehicles are walking and non-motor vehicles to normally pass;

when the motor vehicle is forbidden, the shared road is used as a landscape scattered footpath, and convenience facilities such as temporary sales exhibition and the like are allowed to be placed on the footpath;

reserving at least 2.5 m passing space between the two sides of the lane and the boundary of the district;

and the end parts of the underground and ground driveways share the road surface (the width is 8-12 meters), so that the total area occupied by the driveways at the road openings is reduced, and the available surface of the ground space is enlarged.

Further, the two groups of space defining elements are specifically set as follows:

1) [ a ]/[ b ]: the enclosure limiting elements of the small squares at the entrances of the two ends of the garden street are respectively arranged perpendicular to the main direction of the garden street;

2) [ c ]/[ d ]: and the enclosure limiting elements of the traffic place at the center of the garden street are respectively arranged perpendicular to the main direction of the garden street.

Further, the design requirement of the space-defining element [ a ]/[ b ] is:

[ a ]/[ b ] can include, but are not limited to, landscape structures, vegetation with a whole-time view-line blocking effect, and the like;

secondly, the distance between [ a ]/[ b ] and an entrance (calculated by the distance of red lines of peripheral roads of a surrounding street) does not exceed 25 meters (face distance); meanwhile, the distance from the entrance cannot be too narrow, and the requirement that the area of a small square enclosed by the entrance is more than 200 square meters is met;

the height of the main body of the [ a ]/[ b ] is more than 2 meters so as to form the basic sight line enclosure requirement;

fourthly, the width of the [ a ]/[ b ] is expanded as much as possible and at least reaches the near side retaining wall of the underpass type road on one side to form a clear enclosing effect;

fifthly, reserving a passage space of the fire fighting lane at the crossed part of the limiting object and the shared road.

Further, the design requirement of the space-defining element [ c ]/[ d ] is:

the elements with space limiting function such as landscape structures, vegetation with whole-time sight shielding function and the like can be singly or mutually combined to form the combined structure;

the position of [ c ]/[ d ] is arranged at the extreme end of the underpass road, and the underpass road plays a role in shielding partial noise and tail gas;

③ the height of the main body is more than 2 m;

fourthly, the width of [ c ]/[ d ] should be expanded as much as possible to satisfy the following conditions: at least against the far side retaining wall of the downward-penetrating road on one side to form a definite enclosing effect; and simultaneously, the length-width ratio of the central traffic place is less than or equal to 4: 1, avoiding being a narrow channel type space.

Further, the common activity element includes: street corner public service interface, central traffic place and enclosed public interface, district walk-gate and street eye rule and public interface cover requirements.

The invention has the beneficial effects that: the garden street provided by the invention not only keeps the passing function of a two-lane street, but also provides a city place for balancing daily communication of the adjacent space.

Drawings

In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments or prior art solutions of the present invention, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or prior art will be briefly described below, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings without creative efforts.

Fig. 1 is a schematic view of the spatial layout of the garden street of the present invention.

Detailed Description

The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

As shown in figure 1, the garden street comprises a semi-public space place formed by an overground and underground composite motor vehicle three-dimensional traffic module and a ground element organization.

The motor vehicle three-dimensional traffic module comprises an underground part and a ground part; under a dense road network small block system, branches among residential streets are mainly provided with an auxiliary contact function, and meanwhile, the situation that the traffic flow difference between a rush hour and a non-rush hour is large exists, so that the possibility of carrying out three-dimensional composite space recombination on the branches with remarkably small ground motor vehicle traffic demand in the non-rush hour is generated; an underground passage is arranged for passing all time in combination with the construction of an underground garage; the other part of the road is arranged on the ground, but the stabilization measures such as curve shape, slow-moving pavement, turning radius reduction and the like are adopted, and traffic control means such as time-sharing and the like can be implemented according to the situation, so that the effect of no motor vehicle on the ground in the off-peak period is achieved; the method is suitable for being synchronously implemented with the development of underground space of high-density residential districts, achieves the effect of not increasing excessive additional cost (underpass), can liberate the original 'branch' ground space among a large number of residential streets and provides a space foundation for organizing more valuable public behaviors on the ground;

wherein the underground part is a full-time underpass road [ r1], and the design requirement of the underpass road is as follows:

and thirdly, the end of the underpass road adopts a plane offset design, so that the underpass section is prevented from being over against a roadway opening, and the effects of reducing the speed of the vehicle and increasing the safety of ground pedestrians are achieved.

The ground part is a zigzag shared road [ r2], and the design requirements of the shared road are as follows:

the shared road is a machine-non-mixed lane without marking a center line. The shared road shares an intersection plane with an urban road intersection and a lower crossing road, and is guided to shunt through a green island;

secondly, the width of the shared lane is 4-6m, the surrounding space is distinguished by a pavement style, and a way of generating a road surface height difference such as a curb is not arranged. The minimum turning radius is 6m, and the mode reminds a driver to enter a particularly steady space so as to achieve the aim of prompting the driver to drive carefully;

thirdly, the shared lane is locally designed by plane offset, 1-2 parts of the shared lane are linearly offset horizontally, and the horizontal offset distance is at least larger than 2.4 m; the lane is not smooth, the vehicle speed is prevented from being too fast, the safety of surrounding active people is improved, and the difference of two side surface integration areas is formed through deviation;

providing a limited reserved space by traffic in the peak period or in the emergency condition: in the 4-6m space, the motor vehicles can pass according to the peak time of the city in the morning and evening or under special emergency conditions (the speed of the motor vehicles cannot exceed 20km/h in the passing time period). The motor vehicles are prohibited from entering the street forbidden area in other time periods, and the walking and non-motor vehicles are prohibited from normally passing;

in the forbidden period of the motor vehicle, the shared road is used as a landscape walking way, and convenience facilities such as temporary selling and exhibiting are allowed to be placed on the walking way, so that the street vitality is improved;

reserving at least 2.5 m passing space between the two sides of the lane and the boundary of the community so that the two sides can still ensure the walking comfort of pedestrians during traffic passing;

The semi-public space is positioned between two residential blocks, and the potential requirements of the crowd are not completely overlapped with urban public activities, so that the semi-public space is organized by specific space elements, is created to be a neighborhood level, and has the advantages of safety monitoring, daily community communication, dimension intimacy and attribution sense;

the structure of the semi-public space place comprises:

1. the ground part of the garden street has the width of 20-25 meters and is defined by enclosing with an impermeable wall [ w ] to form space identity;

on one hand, the original street crossing width is generally in the numerical range, and on the other hand, through the classical research at home and abroad, the details of the human face can be identified below 25m distance, which is a space condition generating the sense of intimacy (most theories such as sitter, Gibbard, Luyuan meaning letter and Linqin consider that the square base scale of 20-25 m is good square scale and social quality);

in addition, the space needs to be limited by a closed or semi-closed (the permeability is less than 50%) solid wall or a residential mountain wall surface, and under the limitation, the sight perception of people in the space is controllable, so that a clear domain sense can be generated; (if a fully open enclosure such as a see-through barrier is replaced, the enclosure definition of the intimate space is impaired).

2. Two groups (four positions in total) of space limiting elements [ a ] - [ b ], [ c ] - [ d ] form the transition of the urban semi-public space; a small square fused with a city is formed, a quiet space is naturally formed in the middle, and space division with appropriate dynamic and static functions and multiple functions is generated; the specific setting is as follows;

1) [ a ]/[ b ]: enclosing limiting elements of small squares [ s1] at the entrances of both ends of the garden street are respectively arranged perpendicular to the main direction of the garden street; the design requirements are as follows:

the first step is that [ a ]/[ b ] can include, but not limited to landscape structures, vegetation with the whole-time sight shielding effect and the like;

secondly, the distance between [ a ]/[ b ] and an entrance (calculated by the distance of red lines of peripheral roads of a surrounding street) does not exceed 25 meters (face distance); meanwhile, the distance from the entrance cannot be too narrow, so that the requirement that the area of a small square enclosed by the entrance [ s1/s2] is more than 200 square meters is met, and the basic use function of the square is met;

the height of the main body is more than 2 meters to form the basic sight line enclosure requirement;

the width of the a/b should be expanded as much as possible and at least reach the near side retaining wall of the one-side run-down road r1 to form a definite enclosing effect;

the cross part of the limiting object and the shared road r2 should reserve the passing space of the fire fighting lane.

2) [ c ]/[ d ]: the enclosure limiting elements of the central traffic place [ s3] of the garden street are respectively arranged perpendicular to the main direction of the garden street; the design requirements are as follows:

and the position of c/d is arranged at the end of the underpass road r1 to play the role of shielding partial noise and tail gas.

Thirdly, the height of the main body is more than 2 meters so as to form the basic sight line enclosure requirement;

fourthly, the width of [ c ]/[ d ] should be expanded as much as possible to satisfy the following conditions: at least against the far side retaining wall of the one-side downward-through type road [ r1] to form a definite enclosing effect; and simultaneously, the aspect ratio of [ s3] is less than or equal to 4: 1, avoiding being a narrow channel type space.

3. A common activity element feed;

on the basis of forming basic dynamic and static and movable atmosphere division, appropriate public activity elements are further introduced to facilitate communication and generate street eyes, so that the space has more safety;

wherein the common activity elements include:

1) a street corner public service interface;

two-sided public service interfaces [ g1/g2] of small entrance squares [ s1, s2 ]. The public service interface is regulated before the land of the residence on two sides gives a business and is supplied by a community; the public service interface comprises a common small commercial service function and a community matching service function, such as a restaurant, a convention place, a coffee shop and a fresh flower shop; the public service interface can select one side, two sides, two ends, one end and other situations according to actual conditions;

2) a central place of contact [ s3] and an enclosed public interface;

[ s3] public service interfaces can be selectively supplied by the operator of a community or garden street, and are related to the community and should be specified before the land of the residences on the two sides is given a business; the public interface comprises but is not limited to general small community service functions such as tea rooms, clubs, coffee shops and the like, and needs to exclude the professional behaviors which are large in interference to residents; providing a public interface which can select one surface, two surfaces, three surfaces and other conditions of [ c ], [ d ] and [ t ], but meeting the rule setting of the following street eye;

3) walk gateway for residential area

Both sides of the garden street must be provided with a walk-gate [ e1/e2] of the district; can be regulated before the residential land on two sides is given out; the entrances and exits aim to introduce the pedestrians in the two sides of the residential area, which are originally randomly organized, into the garden street, so that the pedestrian traveling of the residential area and the garden street generate a larger intersection, the utilization rate of facilities along the route and the sight monitoring function are increased, the daily public traffic, especially the sporadic traffic, is increased, and the forward circulation of the use of each space is formed;

4) "Street Eye" (Street Eye) rules and coverage requirements for public interfaces;

the public interface not only provides vitality, but also provides 'eyes' on the garden and street, which are not full-time monitoring people, in the definition of the 'semi-public space', people are spontaneous owners on the street, and the public interface and a plurality of pedestrians ensure the safety of the street and can inhibit criminal activities; a safe street with public vitality is also an important environment for the growth of children.

The invention takes 25 meters (maximum distance for face recognition) as a standard, namely, all public interfaces in the garden street take 25 meters as the radius, the accumulation coverage surface is distributed in the whole garden street area, and the standard can be used for inspecting the minimum width and position of all the public interfaces on the garden street.

In addition, if the coverage accumulation on [ e ], [ c ], [ d ], [ g ] does not meet the requirement of full coverage, the service functions (such as sentry box and consultation box) can be introduced into [ a ] and [ b ], flexible and small public interface elements [ z ] at other positions on the park and street can be further increased to meet the requirement of full coverage, and [ z ] can be a temporary building with the size less than 30 square meters.

In the description herein, references to the description of "one embodiment," "an example," "a specific example" or the like are intended to mean that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the invention. In this specification, the schematic representations of the terms used above do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples.

The foregoing shows and describes the general principles, essential features, and advantages of the invention. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above, which are described in the specification and illustrated only to illustrate the principle of the present invention, but that various changes and modifications may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, which fall within the scope of the invention as claimed.

Claims

1. A garden street layout structure is characterized by comprising a semi-public space place formed by an overground and underground composite motor vehicle three-dimensional traffic module and a ground element organization;

the structure of the semi-public space site includes: 1) the width of the ground part of the garden street is 20-25 meters, and the ground part is defined by enclosing with an impermeable enclosing wall; 2) two groups of space limiting elements [ a ] - [ b ], [ c ] - [ d ] form the transition of the urban semi-public space; 3) a common activity element feed.

2. A street layout structure as claimed in claim 1, wherein the design requirements of the underpass type road are as follows:

3. A street layout structure as claimed in claim 1, wherein the design requirement of the shared road is as follows:

secondly, the width of the shared lane is 4-6m, the surrounding space is distinguished in a paving mode, the method of generating road surface height difference such as a curb is not arranged, and the minimum turning radius is 6 m;

providing a limited reserved space for traffic in the peak period or under the emergency condition, wherein in the space of 4-6m, the traffic can be provided for the motor vehicles to pass according to the peak period of the city in the morning and at the evening or under the special emergency condition, and the motor vehicles are prohibited from entering the street forbidden area in other periods, and the motor vehicles and the non-motor vehicles can normally pass;

when the motor vehicle is forbidden, the shared road is used as a landscape walking way, and convenience facilities such as temporary selling and exhibiting are allowed to be placed on the walking way;

4. A garden street arrangement as claimed in claim 1, wherein the two sets of space defining elements are arranged specifically as:

5. A street layout structure as claimed in claim 4, wherein the space-defining elements [ a ]/[ b ] have the design requirements:

the width of the [ a ]/[ b ] is expanded as much as possible and at least reaches the near side retaining wall of the underpass type road on one side to form a clear enclosing effect;

fifthly, reserving a passage space of the fire fighting lane in the crossed area of the limiting object and the shared road.

6. A street layout structure as claimed in claim 4, wherein the space-defining elements [ c ]/[ d ] have the design requirements:

③ the height of the main body is more than 2 m;

7. A garden street arrangement according to claim 6, characterised in that the common activity elements include: street corner public service interface, central traffic place and enclosed public interface, district walk-in and walk-out, street eye rule and public interface coverage requirements.