CN115029693B - Method for preparing silver coating by using ultra-high-speed laser cladding technology and product thereof - Google Patents
Method for preparing silver coating by using ultra-high-speed laser cladding technology and product thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN115029693B CN115029693B CN202210442716.1A CN202210442716A CN115029693B CN 115029693 B CN115029693 B CN 115029693B CN 202210442716 A CN202210442716 A CN 202210442716A CN 115029693 B CN115029693 B CN 115029693B
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C24/00—Coating starting from inorganic powder
- C23C24/08—Coating starting from inorganic powder by application of heat or pressure and heat
- C23C24/10—Coating starting from inorganic powder by application of heat or pressure and heat with intermediate formation of a liquid phase in the layer
- C23C24/103—Coating with metallic material, i.e. metals or metal alloys, optionally comprising hard particles, e.g. oxides, carbides or nitrides
Abstract
The application discloses a method for preparing a silver coating by using an ultra-high speed laser cladding technology and a product thereof. The method comprises the following steps: (1) Coating nano particles on the surfaces of the micron silver particles by adopting a ball milling mode to obtain modified silver particles; the nano particles comprise at least one of alumina, zirconia, silicon oxide and silicon carbide; (2) The modified silver particles are used as raw materials, and the ultra-high speed laser cladding technology is utilized to prepare the silver coating. The porosity of the silver coating prepared by the method is obviously reduced, the bonding strength is obviously improved, and the production cost is greatly reduced.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the technical field of surface engineering, in particular to a method for preparing a silver coating by using an ultra-high-speed laser cladding technology and a product thereof.
Background
The reducing furnace is one of important equipment for producing polysilicon and consists of chassis, furnace body, upper sealing head, electrode, etc.
Generally, the furnace body is usually welded by adopting a silver stainless steel composite plate, and a smooth silver material layer is arranged on the inner side of the furnace body, namely the inner wall of the reduction furnace, for example, the technology of patent publication No. CN1559896A and the like.
The silver coating can be directly prepared on the inner wall of the stainless steel by adopting a cold spraying method, but the bonding strength of the silver coating is lower and can only reach about 50MPa at most because the cold spraying is partial metallurgical bonding, so that the silver coating is easy to fall off.
The ultra-high speed laser cladding is a hot spot method for preparing the coating, and is characterized by complete metallurgical bonding and high coating bonding force. For example, patent specification publication No. CN112342542A discloses a method for ultra-high speed laser cladding of 316L coating on 45 steel parts, comprising S1, pretreatment of 45 steel parts and 316L stainless steel powder; s2, fixing the pretreated 45 steel part in a coordinate system of equipment by adopting a clamp; s3, setting a scanning path, a scanning area shape and a scanning area size of 45 steel parts; s4, introducing 316L stainless steel powder into a laser powder feeder, and carrying out ultra-high-speed laser cladding on the 45 steel part according to a scanning path, the shape and the size of a scanning area to form a 316L coating; and S5, polishing the formed 316L coating. The 316L coating prepared by ultra-high-speed laser cladding on the key position of the 45 steel part has the advantages of high surface evenness, no crack and hole defects, fine crystal grains, uniform thickness, good metallurgical bonding with a matrix, high hardness, good wear resistance, good corrosion resistance, short process period and less material waste.
However, if ultra-high speed laser cladding direct transfer is applied to silver coating preparation, the silver coating quality often does not achieve the desired effect due to the low laser absorptivity of silver itself.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the technical problems and the defects existing in the field, the application provides a method for preparing a silver coating by using an ultra-high-speed laser cladding technology, which improves the laser absorption performance of micron silver particles through specific types of nano particles, so that the porosity of the silver coating prepared by ultra-high-speed laser cladding is obviously reduced, the bonding strength is obviously improved, and the production cost is greatly reduced.
The specific technical scheme is as follows:
a method for preparing a silver coating by using an ultra-high speed laser cladding technology, comprising the steps of:
(1) Coating nano particles on the surfaces of the micron silver particles by adopting a ball milling mode to obtain modified silver particles;
the nano particles comprise at least one of alumina, zirconia, silicon oxide and silicon carbide;
(2) The modified silver particles are used as raw materials, and the ultra-high speed laser cladding technology is utilized to prepare the silver coating.
According to the application, the specific types of nano particles are coated on the surfaces of the micron silver particles in a ball milling mode, and the nano particles and the micron silver particles are mechanically alloyed, so that the laser absorption performance of the micron silver particles is improved, the bonding strength of the silver coating prepared by ultrahigh-speed laser cladding is obviously improved, the porosity is obviously reduced, and the production cost is greatly reduced.
In a preferred embodiment, in the step (1), the ball milling parameter conditions are as follows: ball milling speed is 50-150r/min, ball-material ratio is 8-12:1, ball milling time is 5-10min. Under the condition, the silver powder is less in deformation in the ball milling process, the fluidity of the silver powder and the subsequent ultrahigh-speed laser cladding process are not influenced, and meanwhile, the nano ceramic powder is uniformly adhered to the surface of the silver powder. Further preferably, in the step (1), the ball milling parameter conditions are as follows: ball milling rotating speed is 50r/min, ball-material ratio is 10:1, and ball milling time is 10min.
In a preferred embodiment, in the step (1), the particle diameter D of the nanoparticles satisfies 100 nm.ltoreq.D < 1. Mu.m. Further preferably, in the step (1), the particle diameter D of the nanoparticle satisfies that D is less than or equal to 100nm and less than 300nm. The finer nanoparticles are more uniformly distributed and experiments show that the nanopowder in this size range has the best effect on laser absorption.
In a preferred embodiment, in the step (1), the particle size of the micro silver particles is 200 to 1000 mesh, and the fluidity and coating performance of the silver powder are optimal at the particle size.
In a preferred embodiment, in the step (1), the mass ratio X of the nano particles to the micro silver particles satisfies 0 < X.ltoreq.1%. The nano powder is more wasted, less nano powder, poor coating effect of silver powder and low laser absorptivity. Further preferably, in the step (1), the mass ratio X of the nano particles to the micro silver particles satisfies 0.6% or more and 1% or less.
In a preferred embodiment, in the step (2), the parameter conditions of the ultra-high speed laser cladding technology are as follows: the laser power is 2000-3000W, the overlap ratio is 0.1-0.8, the spraying speed is 10-100 mm/s, and the cladding distance is 15-25 mm. Under the preferable conditions of the steps, the ultra-high speed laser cladding technology under the preferable parameter conditions is combined, the coating porosity of the obtained silver coating is not more than 0.1%, and the bonding strength is not less than 120MPa.
In a preferred example, in the step (2), stainless steel is used as a substrate for preparing the silver coating by ultra-high-speed laser cladding, and the stainless steel has good corrosion resistance.
In a preferred embodiment, in the step (2), the thickness of the silver coating is 0.1 to 0.6mm.
The bonding strength of the silver coating prepared by the method is not lower than 120MPa, and the heat reflection efficiency of the silver coating is more than 95%.
The method is particularly suitable for preparing the silver coating on the inner wall of the reduction furnace.
The application also provides an inner wall structure of the reduction furnace, which sequentially comprises a basal layer and a silver coating from outside to inside;
the silver coating is prepared by the method of the application described above.
In the inner wall structure of a reducing furnace with stainless steel as a substrate, generally, if a cold spraying technology is adopted to prepare a silver coating, in order to obtain better bonding strength and other effects of the sprayed silver coating, a transition layer such as nickel or nickel-based alloy with a certain thickness is usually required to be arranged on the stainless steel substrate layer, then the silver coating is formed by spraying, and the bonding strength of the formed silver coating can only reach about 50MPa at maximum; the application adopts the ultra-high speed laser cladding technology, and can directly prepare and form the silver coating with ultra-high bonding strength (not lower than 120 MPa) on the stainless steel substrate.
Compared with the prior art, the application has the main advantages that:
according to the application, the specific types of nano particles are coated on the surfaces of the micron silver particles in a ball milling mode, and the nano particles and the micron silver particles are mechanically alloyed, so that the laser absorption performance of the micron silver particles is improved, the bonding strength of the silver coating prepared by ultrahigh-speed laser cladding is obviously improved, the porosity is obviously reduced, and the production cost is greatly reduced.
The silver coating prepared by the method has the coating porosity of not more than 0.1%, the bonding strength of not less than 120MPa, and the heat reflection efficiency of the silver coating of more than 95%.
Detailed Description
The application will be further illustrated with reference to specific examples. It is to be understood that these examples are illustrative of the present application and are not intended to limit the scope of the present application. The methods of operation, under which specific conditions are not noted in the examples below, are generally in accordance with conventional conditions, or in accordance with the conditions recommended by the manufacturer.
Example 1
The method for preparing the silver coating by using the ultra-high-speed laser cladding technology is applied to manufacturing of the inner wall structure of the reduction furnace.
The inner wall structure of the reduction furnace sequentially comprises a basal layer and a silver coating from outside to inside. Wherein, the basal layer is stainless steel.
The preparation process of the silver coating comprises the following steps:
(1) Coating nano particles on the surfaces of the micron silver particles by adopting a ball milling mode to obtain modified silver particles;
the nano particles are alumina, and the particle size D is more than or equal to 100nm and less than 300nm;
the grain diameter of the micron silver particles is 200-1000 meshes;
the nano particles account for 0.8 percent of the mass of the micro silver particles;
the ball milling parameter conditions are as follows: ball milling rotating speed is 50r/min, ball-material ratio is 10:1, and ball milling time is 10min;
(2) Preparing a silver coating by taking the modified silver particles as a raw material and utilizing an ultra-high speed laser cladding technology;
the parameter conditions of the ultra-high speed laser cladding technology are as follows: laser power 2200W, overlap ratio 0.3, spraying speed 25mm/s and cladding distance 16mm.
The prepared silver coating has the coating thickness of 0.2mm, the coating porosity of 0.8%, the bonding strength of 121MPa and the heat reflection efficiency of more than 95%.
Example 2
The method for preparing the silver coating by using the ultra-high-speed laser cladding technology is applied to manufacturing of the inner wall structure of the reduction furnace.
The inner wall structure of the reduction furnace sequentially comprises a basal layer and a silver coating from outside to inside. Wherein, the basal layer is stainless steel.
The preparation process of the silver coating comprises the following steps:
(1) Coating nano particles on the surfaces of the micron silver particles by adopting a ball milling mode to obtain modified silver particles;
the nano particles are zirconium oxide, and the particle size D is smaller than or equal to 100nm and smaller than 300nm;
the grain diameter of the micron silver particles is 200-1000 meshes;
the nano particles account for 0.7 percent of the mass of the micro silver particles;
the ball milling parameter conditions are as follows: ball milling rotating speed is 50r/min, ball-material ratio is 10:1, and ball milling time is 10min;
(2) Preparing a silver coating by taking the modified silver particles as a raw material and utilizing an ultra-high speed laser cladding technology;
the parameter conditions of the ultra-high speed laser cladding technology are as follows: the laser power is 2000W, the lap joint rate is 0.7, the spraying speed is 40mm/s, and the cladding distance is 20mm.
The prepared silver coating has the coating thickness of 0.3mm, the coating porosity of 0.7%, the bonding strength of 128MPa and the heat reflection efficiency of more than 95%.
Example 3
The method for preparing the silver coating by using the ultra-high-speed laser cladding technology is applied to manufacturing of the inner wall structure of the reduction furnace.
The inner wall structure of the reduction furnace sequentially comprises a basal layer and a silver coating from outside to inside. Wherein, the basal layer is stainless steel.
The preparation process of the silver coating comprises the following steps:
(1) Coating nano particles on the surfaces of the micron silver particles by adopting a ball milling mode to obtain modified silver particles;
the nano particles are silicon oxide, and the particle size D is more than or equal to 100nm and less than 300nm;
the grain diameter of the micron silver particles is 200-1000 meshes;
the nano particles account for 1 percent of the mass of the micro silver particles;
the ball milling parameter conditions are as follows: ball milling rotating speed is 50r/min, ball-material ratio is 10:1, and ball milling time is 10min;
(2) Preparing a silver coating by taking the modified silver particles as a raw material and utilizing an ultra-high speed laser cladding technology;
the parameter conditions of the ultra-high speed laser cladding technology are as follows: laser power 2700W, overlap ratio 0.5, spraying speed 55mm/s and cladding distance 22mm.
The prepared silver coating has the coating thickness of 0.6mm, the coating porosity of 0.3%, the bonding strength of 134MPa and the heat reflection efficiency of more than 95%.
Example 4
The method for preparing the silver coating by using the ultra-high-speed laser cladding technology is applied to manufacturing of the inner wall structure of the reduction furnace.
The inner wall structure of the reduction furnace sequentially comprises a basal layer and a silver coating from outside to inside. Wherein, the basal layer is stainless steel.
The preparation process of the silver coating comprises the following steps:
(1) Coating nano particles on the surfaces of the micron silver particles by adopting a ball milling mode to obtain modified silver particles;
the nano particles are silicon carbide, and the particle size D is more than or equal to 100nm and less than 300nm;
the grain diameter of the micron silver particles is 200-1000 meshes;
the nano particles account for 0.6 percent of the mass of the micro silver particles;
the ball milling parameter conditions are as follows: ball milling rotating speed is 50r/min, ball-material ratio is 10:1, and ball milling time is 10min;
(2) Preparing a silver coating by taking the modified silver particles as a raw material and utilizing an ultra-high speed laser cladding technology;
the parameter conditions of the ultra-high speed laser cladding technology are as follows: the laser power is 3000W, the lap joint rate is 0.8, the spraying speed is 100mm/s, and the cladding distance is 15mm.
The prepared silver coating has the coating thickness of 0.15mm, the coating porosity of 0.5%, the bonding strength of 132MPa and the heat reflection efficiency of more than 95%.
Comparative example 1
The difference from example 1 is that step (1) is not included in the preparation process of the silver coating, the silver coating is directly prepared by taking micron silver particles with the particle size of 200-1000 meshes as raw materials and utilizing the ultra-high speed laser cladding technology, and the rest is the same.
The prepared silver coating has a coating thickness of 0.2mm, a coating porosity of 2.3%, a bonding strength of 57MPa and a heat reflection efficiency of 88%.
Comparative example 2
The only difference from example 2 is that the nano particles account for 0.2% by mass of the micro silver particles, and the rest are the same.
The prepared silver coating has a coating thickness of 0.3mm, a coating porosity of 1.05%, a bonding strength of 68MPa and a heat reflection efficiency of 92%.
Comparative example 3
The only difference from example 4 is that the laser power of the ultra high speed laser cladding technique is 5000W, the remainder being the same.
In the preparation process of the silver coating, the laser power is too high, so that silver particles are seriously gasified, meanwhile, silver liquid drops strike the matrix stainless steel at too high speed, the coating material splashes more, the preparation efficiency of the silver coating is low, and the effect is poor.
Further, it is to be understood that various changes and modifications of the present application may be made by those skilled in the art after reading the above description of the application, and that such equivalents are intended to fall within the scope of the application as defined in the appended claims.
Claims (5)
1. A method for preparing a silver coating by using an ultra-high speed laser cladding technology is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) Coating nano particles on the surfaces of the micron silver particles by adopting a ball milling mode to obtain modified silver particles; the particle diameter D of the nano particles meets the requirement that D is more than or equal to 100nm and less than 1 mu m; x is more than or equal to 0.6% and less than or equal to 1% in mass ratio of the nano particles to the micro silver particles;
the nano particles comprise at least one of alumina, zirconia, silicon oxide and silicon carbide;
(2) Preparing a silver coating by taking the modified silver particles as a raw material and utilizing an ultra-high speed laser cladding technology; the parameter conditions of the ultra-high speed laser cladding technology are as follows: the laser power is 2000-3000W, the lap joint rate is 0.1-0.8, the spraying speed is 10-100 mm/s, and the cladding distance is 15-25 mm; the thickness of the silver coating is 0.1-0.6 mm, the bonding strength of the silver coating is not lower than 120MPa, and the heat reflection efficiency of the silver coating is more than 95%.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein in step (1), the ball milling parameters are as follows: ball milling speed is 50-150r/min, ball-material ratio is 8-12:1, and ball milling time is 5-10min.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein in step (1), the micron silver particles have a particle size of 200-1000 mesh.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein in step (2), the silver coating is prepared by ultra-high speed laser cladding using stainless steel as a substrate.
5. The inner wall structure of the reduction furnace is characterized by sequentially comprising a basal layer and a silver coating from outside to inside;
the silver coating is prepared by the method of any one of claims 1-4.
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