CN102069295B - Method for preparing Fe3Al/Al composite structure by diffusion bonding of reinforcing layer - Google Patents

Method for preparing Fe3Al/Al composite structure by diffusion bonding of reinforcing layer Download PDF

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Publication number
CN102069295B
CN102069295B CN 201010580640 CN201010580640A CN102069295B CN 102069295 B CN102069295 B CN 102069295B CN 201010580640 CN201010580640 CN 201010580640 CN 201010580640 A CN201010580640 A CN 201010580640A CN 102069295 B CN102069295 B CN 102069295B
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alloy
strengthening layer
composite construction
diffusion
preparation
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CN102069295A (en
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任江伟
徐培全
韦媛
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Shanghai University of Engineering Science
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Shanghai University of Engineering Science
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Abstract

The invention discloses a method for preparing a Fe3Al/Al composite structure by diffusion bonding of a reinforcing layer. The method comprises the following steps of: preparing the reinforcing layer consisting of superfine crystal or nano crystal on an alloy surface by shot blasting or grinding with a surface machine, then performing diffusion bonding by using the reinforcing layer as a middle layer to obtain the Fe3Al/Al composite structure, and forming a transition layer with thickness of about 10 to 30 microns on the interface between the Fe3Al alloy and the Al alloy, wherein cracks are not formed at the joint. The method has simple operation, short treatment time, low equipment investment and low requirement for surface pretreatment of materials.

Description

The strengthening layer diffusion connects preparation Fe 3The method of Al/Al composite construction
Technical field
The present invention relates to the metal material processing field, be specially the solder technology of non-ferrous metal, the especially diffusion method of attachment between non-ferrous metal specifically is that the strengthening layer diffusion connects preparation Fe 3The method of Al/Al composite construction.
Background technology
Structural material is the important foundation in modern industry field, and its performance has determined the level of industrial equipment.Novel colored metal material is one type of important material.Aluminium alloy is the non-ferrous metal that present industrial circle extensively adopts, and has characteristics such as low-density, high specific strength, easy processing.Fe 3Al is a kind of novel non-ferrous metal, has higher specific strength, good wearability and characteristic such as corrosion-resistant, is the material that fields such as Aero-Space, automobile, chemical industry have potentiality.With Fe 3Al and Al alloy couple together, and can make full use of Fe 3The good plasticity of the high strength of Al, wearability and Al alloy obtains the Fe of excellent combination property 3The Al/Al composite construction.In addition, Fe 3Al alloy and Al alloy all have decay resistance preferably, so Fe 3The reliability that the Al/Al composite construction is on active service under corrosive environment is also better.
Present Fe 3The method of attachment that Al is commonly used mainly is SMAW, argon tungsten-arc welding, electron beam welding and diffusion welding (DW).Adopt TIG weldering and electron beam welding welding Fe 3During Al, be easy to generate fire check.For fear of producing fire check, should control elements such as B in the wlding, Zr, Mo, and increase carbide formers such as Cr, Nb, C.But elements such as B, Zr, Mo are Fe 3The Strengthening and Toughening element that the Al alloy is commonly used.Adopt SMAW and argon tungsten-arc welding welding Fe 3The cold crack problem appears during Al easily.Airborne steam at high temperature decomposites atomic hydrogen, can be directly and the reaction of the Al in the molten bath generate atomic hydrogen, be Fe 3Produce one of principal element of cold crack during the weldering of Al alloy melting.Fe 3The thermal conductivity of Al alloy is little, thermal coefficient of expansion is big, in the melting process, forms bigger residual stress in joint area easily, helps diffusion, the gathering of hydrogen.Therefore, at Fe 3What Al alloy and foreign material (like Q235, Cr18-Ni8 etc.) mainly adopted when being connected is diffusion welding (DW).The subject matter that exists during diffusion welding (DW) is the boundary zone that is difficult to obtain the heterogeneous microstructure even transition, often occurs high rigidity fragility phase easily in the boundary zone, causes the mechanical property of connector area to worsen.At present also not with Fe 3The Al alloy is connected preparation Fe with the Al alloy 3The report of Al/Al composite construction.
Fe 3Have significant difference between the physicochemical properties of Al and Al alloy, this makes Fe3Al and Al alloy in the diffusion welding (DW) process, be easy to generate stress, makes to form crackle at the interface.For this reason, must adopt the certain process measure to strengthen the Diffusion Welding of Fe3Al and Al alloy.
Through the literature search of prior art being found two patents of invention of applications such as Zhou Yuan: the mode that " a kind of method of diffusion connecting titanium alloy at low temperature and vacuum (application number 200810172468.3) " and " a kind of is that the method (application number 200810172471.5) that the diffusion of high temperature alloy vacuum is connected is carried out in the intermediate layer with the film " proposition prepare film at surface of the work employing magnetically controlled sputter method is improved the Diffusion Welding of titanium alloy or high temperature alloy.The method of employing magnetron sputtering prepares film and has following deficiency: at first be to sputter the restriction that film size receives the magnetic control target area; Next is the magnetron sputtering process more complicated; The equipment price that is magnetron sputtering at last is higher.
Summary of the invention
The present invention aims to provide a kind of strengthening layer diffusion connection Fe that utilizes 3Al alloy and Al alloy, preparation Fe 3The method of Al/Al composite construction.
The present invention is directed to and strengthen Fe 3The Diffusion Welding of Al alloy and Al alloy has proposed a kind of mode that adopts surface plastic deformation, prepares strengthening layer with shot-peening or surface mechanical attrition at alloy surface, spreads connection with strengthening layer as the intermediate layer then, obtains Fe 3The Al/Al composite construction.
This strengthening layer diffusion connects preparation Fe 3The method of Al/Al composite construction may further comprise the steps:
(1) to Fe 3Al or Al alloy carry out surface plastic deformation, in surface preparation by ultra-fine crystalline substance or the nanocrystalline strengthening layer that constitutes;
Thickness of strengthened layer 10～30um, nanocrystalline particle diameter 20～50nm; Particle diameter 100～the 120nm of ultra-fine crystalline substance.
At Fe 3The mode that Al or Al alloy surface prepare strengthening layer is shot-peening or surface mechanical attrition, adopts steel ball shot-peening 5～20min of diameter 2～8mm, perhaps steel ball surface mechanical lapping 5～20min of diameter 2～8mm.
To not passing through the Al alloy or the Fe of surface plastic deformation 3Mechanical chipping and Chemical cleaning and dry are carried out in the surface of Al alloy; After available sand paper is polished step by step, can be again with drying up after alcohols (like ethanol) or the acetone;
Used Fe 3In the Al alloy, the atomic percent of Fe is 65～75%, and the atomic percent of Al is 22～28%;
The percentage by weight of Al is 99.0～99.9% in the Al alloy;
(2) with Fe 3Al alloy and Al alloy workpiece compress with pressure head,, are placed on and spread connection in the vacuum chamber as the intermediate layer with strengthening layer, and the diffusion welding craft parameter of employing is: 500～640 ℃ are incubated 30～90min, Fe down 3Al alloy and Al alloy pressure 15～20MPa, vacuum is 10 -2Pa～10 -3Pa;
Distribute in order to obtain even temperature in the heating process, adopt heat temperature raising speed and the step mode of heating of 5～10 ℃/min, promptly be incubated 8～15min down at 195～205 ℃ and 395～405 ℃ respectively;
After reaching temperature retention time, workpiece is taken out after vacuum chamber is cooled to 80～110 ℃, obtain Fe 3The Al/Al composite construction.
Fe 3The transition zone that forms the about 10-30 μ of thickness m at the interface between Al alloy and the Al alloy, joint do not have crackle to form.
Characteristics of the present invention are to adopt the mode of shot-peening or surface mechanical attrition at Fe 3Al or Al alloy surface prepare strengthening layer through plastic deformation, and the binding ability of strengthening layer and matrix is good.As the intermediate layer of strengthening diffusion, strengthen Fe with strengthening layer 3Al/Al dissimilar metal Diffusion Welding, needed pressure in the time of can reducing diffusion welding (DW) shortens the Diffusion Welding capitiform and becomes the needed time.By the rapid diffusion passage of nanocrystalline in the strengthening layer or ultra-fine crystalline substance, can accelerate the diffusion of atom, realize Fe 3The Al alloy welds the formation mutually of regulating joint median surface transition region with the rapid diffusion of Al alloy.In addition, this method is simple to operate, and the processing time is short, and equipment investment is little, and surface treatment in earlier stage requires lower to material.
The specific embodiment
Embodiment 1
(1) Fe 3The preliminary treatment of Al alloy and Al alloy:
Get the Fe that chemical composition is 73Fe-25Al-2Cr at.% 3The Al alloy, surface plastic deformation is directly carried out without mechanical chipping in the surface, and with diameter 2～8mm steel ball, surface mechanical attrition 15min can be at Fe 3The Al alloy surface prepares the strengthening layer of thickness 10～30 μ m, and the crystal grain on strengthening layer top layer is the nanocrystalline of particle diameter 20～50nm.
The surface of 1060Al alloy (Al 99.6wt%) adopts 200Cw, 400Cw and 600Cw waterproof abrasive paper to polish step by step.Again with Fe 3Al alloy and Al alloy surface use ethanol (or acetone) to carry out drying up after the Chemical cleaning respectively.
(2) with Fe 3Al alloy and Al alloy workpiece compress with pressure head, and strengthening layer is positioned at Fe as the intermediate layer 3Between Al alloy and the Al alloy workpiece, be placed on and carry out diffusion welding (DW) in the vacuum chamber.
The diffusion welding craft parameter that adopts is: 550 ℃ are incubated 90min, Fe down 3Al alloy and Al alloy pressure are 19MPa, vacuum 10 -2Pa～10 -3Pa.10 ℃/the min of programming rate of heating is incubated 10min at 200 ℃ and 400 ℃ respectively in the heating process.
After reaching temperature retention time, through water circulation cooling, when vacuum chamber is cooled to 100 ℃, with Fe 3Al/Al composite construction joint takes out.
With ESEM to Fe 3The observation of Al/Al joint shows, has formed the transition zone of thickness 11-30 μ m, transition zone and Fe 3The matrix bond of Al and Al alloy is good, and the joint does not have crackle to form.
Embodiment 2
(1) gets the Fe that chemical composition is 73Fe-25Al-2Cr at.% 3The Al alloy, surface plastic deformation is directly carried out without mechanical chipping in the surface, with diameter 2～8mm steel ball shot-peening 5min, can be at Fe 3The Al alloy surface obtains the strengthening layer of thickness 10～30 μ m, and the strengthening layer top layer is local for particle diameter is the ultra-fine crystalline substance of 100～120nm, and remainder is the nanocrystalline of particle diameter 20～50nm.
The surface of 1060Al alloy (Al 99.6wt%) adopts 200Cw, 400Cw and 600Cw waterproof abrasive paper to polish step by step.Again with Fe 3Al alloy and Al alloy surface use ethanol (or acetone) to carry out drying up after the Chemical cleaning respectively.
(2) Fe3Al alloy and Al alloy workpiece are compressed with pressure head, strengthening layer, is placed on and carries out diffusion welding (DW) in the vacuum chamber between Fe3Al alloy and Al alloy workpiece as the intermediate layer.
The diffusion welding craft parameter that adopts is: 640 ℃ are incubated 30min, Fe down 3Al alloy and Al alloy pressure are 19MPa, vacuum 10 -2Pa～10 -3Pa.5 ℃/the min of programming rate of heating is incubated 10min at 200 ℃ and 400 ℃ respectively in the heating process.
After reaching temperature retention time, through water circulation cooling, when vacuum chamber is cooled to 100 ℃, with Fe 3Al/Al composite construction joint takes out.
With ESEM to Fe 3The observation of Al/Al joint shows, has formed the transition zone of thickness 11-22 μ m, transition zone and Fe 3The matrix bond of Al and Al alloy is good, and the joint does not have crackle to form.

Claims (8)

1. the strengthening layer diffusion connects preparation Fe 3The method of Al/Al composite construction is characterized in that, may further comprise the steps:
(1) to Fe 3Al or Al alloy carry out surface plastic deformation, in surface preparation by ultra-fine crystalline substance or the nanocrystalline strengthening layer that constitutes;
To not passing through the Al alloy or the Fe of surface plastic deformation 3Mechanical chipping and Chemical cleaning and dry are carried out in the surface of Al alloy, and method does, after polishing step by step with sand paper, again with drying up after alcohols or the acetone;
(2) with Fe 3Al alloy and Al alloy workpiece compress with pressure head,, are placed on and spread connection in the vacuum chamber as the intermediate layer with strengthening layer, and the diffusion welding craft parameter of employing is: 500～640 ℃ are incubated 30～90min, Fe down 3Al alloy and Al alloy pressure 15～20MPa, vacuum is 10 -2Pa～10 -3Pa;
(3) reach temperature retention time after, workpiece is taken out after vacuum chamber is cooled to 80～110 ℃, obtain Fe 3The Al/Al composite construction.
2. the said strengthening layer diffusion of claim 1 connects preparation Fe 3The method of Al/Al composite construction is characterized in that, the thickness of strengthened layer 10～30um described in the step (1), nanocrystalline particle diameter are 20～50nm; Ultra-fine grain directly is 100～120nm.
3. the said strengthening layer diffusion of claim 1 connects preparation Fe 3The method of Al/Al composite construction is characterized in that, described in the step (1) at Fe 3The mode that Al or Al alloy surface prepare strengthening layer is shot-peening or surface mechanical attrition.
4. the said strengthening layer diffusion of claim 3 connects preparation Fe 3The method of Al/Al composite construction is characterized in that, adopts steel ball shot-peening 5～20min of diameter 2～8mm.
5. the said strengthening layer diffusion of claim 3 connects preparation Fe 3The method of Al/Al composite construction is characterized in that, adopts steel ball surface mechanical lapping 5～20min of diameter 2～8mm.
6. the said strengthening layer diffusion of claim 1 connects preparation Fe 3The method of Al/Al composite construction is characterized in that, said Fe 3In the Al alloy, the atomic percent of Fe is 65～75%, and the atomic percent of Al is 22～28%.
7. the said strengthening layer diffusion of claim 1 connects preparation Fe 3The method of Al/Al composite construction is characterized in that, the percentage by weight of Al is 99.0～99.9% in the said Al alloy.
8. the said strengthening layer diffusion of claim 1 connects preparation Fe 3The method of Al/Al composite construction is characterized in that, the said heat temperature raising speed of step (2) is 5～10 ℃/min, and is incubated 8～15min down at 95～205 ℃ and 395～405 ℃ respectively.
CN 201010580640 2010-12-09 2010-12-09 Method for preparing Fe3Al/Al composite structure by diffusion bonding of reinforcing layer Expired - Fee Related CN102069295B (en)

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CN107775168B (en) * 2017-09-20 2018-09-25 西安理工大学 A kind of connection method of chromiumcopper and stainless steel
CN109604802A (en) * 2019-01-03 2019-04-12 中国兵器工业第五九研究所 The connection method of tungsten or tungsten alloy and steel, the connection method of profile and sectional material joint
CN112626378B (en) * 2020-11-30 2021-09-14 湖南金天铝业高科技股份有限公司 Iron-aluminum alloy composite reinforced aluminum-based material, and preparation method and application thereof
CN112719569B (en) * 2020-12-31 2022-06-17 昆山哈工万洲焊接研究院有限公司 Method for preparing dissimilar metal composite structure through strong-deformation and strong-pressure auxiliary cold welding

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CN1559740A (en) * 2004-02-25 2005-01-05 山东大学 Diffusion welding technology of activity increasing intermediate layer of iron trialuminium alloy and steel
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