CN115029693A - Method for preparing silver coating by using ultra-high-speed laser cladding technology and product thereof - Google Patents
Method for preparing silver coating by using ultra-high-speed laser cladding technology and product thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN115029693A CN115029693A CN202210442716.1A CN202210442716A CN115029693A CN 115029693 A CN115029693 A CN 115029693A CN 202210442716 A CN202210442716 A CN 202210442716A CN 115029693 A CN115029693 A CN 115029693A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C24/00—Coating starting from inorganic powder
- C23C24/08—Coating starting from inorganic powder by application of heat or pressure and heat
- C23C24/10—Coating starting from inorganic powder by application of heat or pressure and heat with intermediate formation of a liquid phase in the layer
- C23C24/103—Coating with metallic material, i.e. metals or metal alloys, optionally comprising hard particles, e.g. oxides, carbides or nitrides
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for preparing a silver coating by utilizing an ultra-high-speed laser cladding technology and a product thereof. The method comprises the following steps: (1) coating the nano particles on the surfaces of the micro silver particles in a ball milling mode to obtain modified silver particles; the nano particles comprise at least one of alumina, zirconia, silica and silicon carbide; (2) modified silver particles are used as raw materials, and the ultra-high-speed laser cladding technology is utilized to prepare the silver coating. The silver coating prepared by the method has the advantages of obviously reduced porosity, obviously improved bonding strength and greatly reduced production cost.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of surface engineering, in particular to a method for preparing a silver coating by utilizing an ultra-high-speed laser cladding technology and a product thereof.
Background
The reduction furnace is one of important equipment for producing polycrystalline silicon and comprises a chassis, a furnace body, an upper end enclosure, an electrode and the like.
Generally, the furnace body is usually made of silver stainless steel composite plates welded together, and a smooth silver material layer is formed on the inner side of the furnace body, i.e. the inner wall of the reduction furnace, for example, patent publication No. CN 1559896A.
The silver coating can be directly prepared on the inner wall of the stainless steel by adopting a cold spraying method, but the cold spraying is partial metallurgical bonding, so that the bonding strength of the silver coating is low and can only reach about 50MPa at most, and the silver coating is easy to fall off.
The ultra-high speed laser cladding is a hot spot method for preparing a coating, and is characterized by complete metallurgical bonding and high bonding force of the coating. For example, patent specification CN112342542A discloses a method for ultra-high speed laser cladding 316L coating on 45 steel parts, which comprises S1, pre-treating 45 steel parts and 316L stainless steel powder; s2, fixing the pretreated 45 steel part in a coordinate system of equipment by adopting a clamp; s3, setting the scanning path, the scanning area shape and the size of the 45 steel part; s4, introducing 316L stainless steel powder into a laser powder feeder, and carrying out ultra-high-speed laser cladding on the 45 steel part according to the scanning path, the shape and the size of a scanning area to form a 316L coating; and S5, polishing the formed 316L coating. The 316L coating prepared by ultrahigh-speed laser cladding on the key position of the 45 steel part has the advantages of high surface flatness, no crack and hole defects, fine crystal grains, uniform thickness, good metallurgical bonding with a matrix, high hardness, good wear resistance, good corrosion resistance, short process period and less material waste.
However, if ultra-high speed laser cladding direct transfer is applied to silver coating preparation, the silver coating quality generally does not achieve the expected effect due to the low laser absorption rate of silver itself.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the technical problems and the defects existing in the field, the invention provides a method for preparing a silver coating by utilizing an ultrahigh-speed laser cladding technology, which improves the laser absorption performance of micron silver particles through specific types of nano particles, so that the porosity of the silver coating prepared by ultrahigh-speed laser cladding is obviously reduced, the bonding strength is obviously improved, and the production cost is greatly reduced.
The specific technical scheme is as follows:
a method for preparing silver coating by using ultra-high speed laser cladding technology comprises the following steps:
(1) coating the nano particles on the surfaces of the micro silver particles in a ball milling mode to obtain modified silver particles;
the nano particles comprise at least one of alumina, zirconia, silica and silicon carbide;
(2) the modified silver particles are used as raw materials, and the silver coating is prepared by utilizing the ultra-high-speed laser cladding technology.
According to the invention, specific types of nano particles are wrapped on the surfaces of the micro silver particles in a ball milling manner, and the nano particles and the micro silver particles are subjected to mechanical alloying, so that the laser absorption performance of the micro silver particles is improved, the bonding strength of a silver coating prepared by ultrahigh-speed laser cladding is obviously improved, the porosity is obviously reduced, and the production cost is greatly reduced.
In a preferred example, in the step (1), the ball milling parameter conditions are as follows: the ball milling speed is 50-150r/min, the ball-material ratio is 8-12: 1, and the ball milling time is 5-10 min. Under the condition, the deformation of the silver powder is less in the ball milling process, the fluidity of the silver powder and the subsequent ultrahigh-speed laser cladding process are not influenced, and meanwhile, the nano ceramic powder is uniformly adhered to the surface of the silver powder. Further preferably, in the step (1), the ball milling parameter conditions are as follows: the ball milling speed is 50r/min, the ball-material ratio is 10:1, and the ball milling time is 10 min.
In a preferable example, in the step (1), the particle size D of the nano-particles satisfies that D is more than or equal to 100nm and less than 1 μm. Further preferably, in the step (1), the particle size D of the nanoparticles satisfies 100nm < D < 300 nm. The distribution uniformity of the finer nano-particles is better, and experiments show that the nano-powder in the particle size range has the best absorption effect on laser.
In a preferable example, in the step (1), the particle size of the micron silver particles is 200-1000 meshes, and the flowability and the coating performance of the silver powder can be optimal under the particle size.
In a preferable example, in the step (1), the mass ratio X of the nano particles to the micro silver particles satisfies 0 < X < 1%. The nano powder is more and causes waste, the nano powder is less, the coating effect of the silver powder is not good, and the laser absorption rate is low. Further preferably, in the step (1), the mass ratio X of the nano-particles to the micro-silver particles is more than or equal to 0.6% and less than or equal to 1%.
In a preferred example, in the step (2), the parameter conditions of the ultra-high speed laser cladding technology are as follows: the laser power is 2000-3000W, the lap joint rate is 0.1-0.8, the spraying speed is 10-100 mm/s, and the cladding distance is 15-25 mm. Under the preferable conditions of the steps and the ultrahigh-speed laser cladding technology with preferable parameter conditions, the porosity of the obtained silver coating is not more than 0.1 percent, and the bonding strength is not lower than 120 MPa.
In a preferred example, in the step (2), the silver coating is prepared by using stainless steel as a substrate through ultrahigh-speed laser cladding, and the stainless steel has good corrosion resistance.
In a preferred example, in the step (2), the thickness of the silver coating is 0.1-0.6 mm.
The bonding strength of the silver coating prepared by the method is not lower than 120MPa, and the heat reflection efficiency of the silver coating is more than 95%.
The method is particularly suitable for preparing the silver coating on the inner wall of the reducing furnace.
As a general inventive concept, the invention also provides an inner wall structure of the reduction furnace, which comprises a substrate layer and a silver coating layer from outside to inside in sequence;
the silver coating is prepared by the method of the invention described above.
In the inner wall structure of a reducing furnace with stainless steel as a substrate, generally speaking, if a cold spraying technology is adopted to prepare a silver coating, in order to enable the sprayed silver coating to obtain better effects such as bonding strength, a transition layer of nickel or nickel-based alloy and the like with a certain thickness is generally required to be arranged on a stainless steel substrate, then the transition layer is sprayed by cooling to form the silver coating, and the bonding strength of the formed silver coating can only reach about 50MPa to the maximum; the invention adopts the ultra-high speed laser cladding technology, and can directly prepare and form the silver coating with ultrahigh bonding strength (not less than 120MPa) on the stainless steel substrate.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the main advantages that:
according to the invention, specific types of nano particles are wrapped on the surfaces of the micro silver particles in a ball milling manner, and the nano particles and the micro silver particles are subjected to mechanical alloying, so that the laser absorption performance of the micro silver particles is improved, the bonding strength of a silver coating prepared by ultrahigh-speed laser cladding is obviously improved, the porosity is obviously reduced, and the production cost is greatly reduced.
The porosity of the silver coating prepared by the method is not more than 0.1%, the bonding strength is not less than 120MPa, and the heat reflection efficiency of the silver coating is more than 95%.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further illustrated with reference to the following specific examples. It should be understood that these examples are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. The following examples are conducted under conditions not specified, usually according to conventional conditions, or according to conditions recommended by the manufacturer.
Example 1
The method for preparing the silver coating by using the ultra-high speed laser cladding technology is applied to the manufacture of the inner wall structure of the reduction furnace.
The inner wall structure of the reduction furnace sequentially comprises a basal layer and a silver coating from outside to inside. Wherein, the basal layer is stainless steel.
The preparation process of the silver coating comprises the following steps:
(1) coating the nano particles on the surfaces of the micro silver particles in a ball milling mode to obtain modified silver particles;
the nano particles are aluminum oxide, and the particle size D is more than or equal to 100nm and less than 300 nm;
the particle size of the micron silver particles is 200-1000 meshes;
the nano particles account for 0.8 percent of the mass of the micro silver particles;
the ball milling parameter conditions are as follows: the ball milling speed is 50r/min, the ball-material ratio is 10:1, and the ball milling time is 10 min;
(2) preparing a silver coating by using the modified silver particles as a raw material and utilizing an ultrahigh-speed laser cladding technology;
the parameter conditions of the ultra-high speed laser cladding technology are as follows: the laser power is 2200W, the lapping rate is 0.3, the spraying speed is 25mm/s, and the cladding distance is 16 mm.
The prepared silver coating has the coating thickness of 0.2mm, the coating porosity of 0.8 percent, the bonding strength of 121MPa and the heat reflection efficiency of more than 95 percent.
Example 2
The method for preparing the silver coating by using the ultra-high speed laser cladding technology is applied to the manufacture of the inner wall structure of the reduction furnace.
The inner wall structure of the reduction furnace sequentially comprises a basal layer and a silver coating from outside to inside. Wherein, the basal layer is stainless steel.
The preparation process of the silver coating comprises the following steps:
(1) coating the nano particles on the surfaces of the micro silver particles in a ball milling mode to obtain modified silver particles;
the nano particles are zirconium oxide, and the particle size D is more than or equal to 100nm and less than 300 nm;
the particle size of the micron silver particles is 200-1000 meshes;
the nano particles account for 0.7 percent of the mass of the micro silver particles;
the ball milling parameter conditions are as follows: the ball milling speed is 50r/min, the ball-material ratio is 10:1, and the ball milling time is 10 min;
(2) preparing a silver coating by using the modified silver particles as raw materials and utilizing an ultrahigh-speed laser cladding technology;
the parameter conditions of the ultra-high speed laser cladding technology are as follows: the laser power is 2000W, the lap joint rate is 0.7, the spraying speed is 40mm/s, and the cladding distance is 20 mm.
The thickness of the prepared silver coating is 0.3mm, the porosity of the coating is 0.7%, the bonding strength is 128MPa, and the heat reflection efficiency is more than 95%.
Example 3
The method for preparing the silver coating by using the ultra-high speed laser cladding technology is applied to the manufacture of the inner wall structure of the reduction furnace.
The inner wall structure of the reduction furnace sequentially comprises a basal layer and a silver coating from outside to inside. Wherein, the basal layer is stainless steel.
The preparation process of the silver coating comprises the following steps:
(1) wrapping the nano particles on the surfaces of the micro silver particles in a ball milling mode to obtain modified silver particles;
the nano particles are silicon oxide, and the particle size D is more than or equal to 100nm and less than 300 nm;
the particle size of the micron silver particles is 200-1000 meshes;
the mass percentage of the nano particles in the micro silver particles is 1%;
the ball milling parameter conditions are as follows: the ball milling speed is 50r/min, the ball-material ratio is 10:1, and the ball milling time is 10 min;
(2) preparing a silver coating by using the modified silver particles as raw materials and utilizing an ultrahigh-speed laser cladding technology;
the parameter conditions of the ultra-high speed laser cladding technology are as follows: the laser power is 2700W, the lapping rate is 0.5, the spraying speed is 55mm/s, and the cladding distance is 22 mm.
The thickness of the prepared silver coating is 0.6mm, the porosity of the coating is 0.3%, the bonding strength is 134MPa, and the heat reflection efficiency is more than 95%.
Example 4
The method for preparing the silver coating by using the ultra-high speed laser cladding technology is applied to the manufacture of the inner wall structure of the reduction furnace.
The inner wall structure of the reduction furnace sequentially comprises a basal layer and a silver coating from outside to inside. Wherein, the basal layer is stainless steel.
The preparation process of the silver coating comprises the following steps:
(1) coating the nano particles on the surfaces of the micro silver particles in a ball milling mode to obtain modified silver particles;
the nano particles are silicon carbide, and the particle size D is more than or equal to 100nm and less than 300 nm;
the particle size of the micron silver particles is 200-1000 meshes;
the nano particles account for 0.6 percent of the mass of the micro silver particles;
the ball milling parameter conditions are as follows: the ball milling speed is 50r/min, the ball-material ratio is 10:1, and the ball milling time is 10 min;
(2) preparing a silver coating by using the modified silver particles as raw materials and utilizing an ultrahigh-speed laser cladding technology;
the parameter conditions of the ultra-high speed laser cladding technology are as follows: the laser power is 3000W, the lapping rate is 0.8, the spraying speed is 100mm/s, and the cladding distance is 15 mm.
The thickness of the prepared silver coating is 0.15mm, the porosity of the coating is 0.5%, the bonding strength is 132MPa, and the heat reflection efficiency is more than 95%.
Comparative example 1
The difference from the embodiment 1 is that the step (1) is not needed in the preparation process of the silver coating, the silver coating is prepared by directly taking the micron silver particles with the particle size of 200-1000 meshes as the raw material and utilizing the ultra-high-speed laser cladding technology, and the rest is the same.
The prepared silver coating has the coating thickness of 0.2mm, the coating porosity of 2.3%, the bonding strength of 57MPa and the heat reflection efficiency of 88%.
Comparative example 2
The difference from example 2 is only that the mass percentage of the nano-particles to the micro-silver particles is 0.2%, and the rest is the same.
The prepared silver coating has the coating thickness of 0.3mm, the coating porosity of 1.05 percent, the bonding strength of 68MPa and the heat reflection efficiency of 92 percent.
Comparative example 3
The difference from the embodiment 4 is only that the laser power of the ultra-high speed laser cladding technology is 5000W, and the rest is the same.
In the preparation process of the silver coating, the phenomenon of silver particle gasification is serious due to overlarge laser power, and meanwhile, silver liquid drops impact the substrate stainless steel at an excessively high speed, so that more coating materials are splashed, the preparation efficiency of the silver coating is low, and the effect is poor.
Furthermore, it should be understood that various changes and modifications can be made by one skilled in the art after reading the above description of the present invention, and equivalents also fall within the scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
Claims (9)
1. A method for preparing silver coating by using ultra-high speed laser cladding technology is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) coating the nano particles on the surfaces of the micro silver particles in a ball milling mode to obtain modified silver particles;
the nano particles comprise at least one of alumina, zirconia, silica and silicon carbide;
(2) the modified silver particles are used as raw materials, and the ultra-high-speed laser cladding technology is utilized to prepare the silver coating.
2. The method according to claim 1, wherein in step (1), the ball milling parameter conditions are as follows: the ball milling speed is 50-150r/min, the ball material ratio is 8-12: 1, and the ball milling time is 5-10 min.
3. The method according to claim 1, wherein in the step (1), the particle size D of the nanoparticles satisfies 100nm ≦ D < 1 μm.
4. The method according to claim 1 or 3, wherein in the step (1), the particle size of the micron silver particles is 200-1000 meshes.
5. The method according to claim 1, wherein in the step (1), a mass ratio X of the nanoparticles to the micro silver particles satisfies 0.6% X1%.
6. The method of claim 1, wherein in the step (2), the parameter conditions of the ultra-high speed laser cladding technology are as follows: the laser power is 2000-3000W, the lap joint rate is 0.1-0.8, the spraying speed is 10-100 mm/s, and the cladding distance is 15-25 mm.
7. The method of claim 1, wherein in the step (2), the ultra-high speed laser cladding is performed using stainless steel as a substrate to prepare the silver coating.
8. The method according to claim 1, wherein in the step (2), the thickness of the silver coating is 0.1-0.6 mm, the bonding strength of the silver coating is not less than 120MPa, and the heat reflection efficiency of the silver coating is 95% or more.
9. The inner wall structure of the reducing furnace is characterized by comprising a basal layer and a silver coating layer from outside to inside in sequence;
the silver coating is prepared by the method of any one of claims 1 to 8.
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