CN115029649A - Aluminum-based composite material and hot extrusion molding preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Aluminum-based composite material and hot extrusion molding preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- C22C47/02—Pretreatment of the fibres or filaments
- C22C47/06—Pretreatment of the fibres or filaments by forming the fibres or filaments into a preformed structure, e.g. using a temporary binder to form a mat-like element
- C22C47/062—Pretreatment of the fibres or filaments by forming the fibres or filaments into a preformed structure, e.g. using a temporary binder to form a mat-like element from wires or filaments only
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Abstract
The invention discloses an aluminum matrix composite and a hot extrusion molding preparation method thereof, wherein the aluminum matrix composite comprises the following components in percentage by mass: the mass fraction of the titanium mesh is 5-15%, the mass fraction of the boron carbide reinforcement is 16-22%, and the balance is matrix aluminum alloy. The preparation method comprises the following steps: preparing a prefabricated body, heating the prefabricated body, smelting an aluminum matrix, extruding and casting, annealing, demoulding and heat treatment. The invention uses titanium alloy net and B 4 C ceramic particles are used as a reinforcement, aluminum alloy is used as a matrix, a three-dimensional net structure of an aluminum-based composite material titanium net is realized, and a prefabricated body preparation tool is usedThe process and the heat treatment process are optimized, the preparation of the elastic-resistant titanium wire ceramic mixed reinforced aluminum composite material with excellent comprehensive performances such as high strength, high hardness and the like is realized, and the method is simple in preparation process, high in industrial feasibility and suitable for industrial production.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of extrusion casting of aluminum-based composite materials, in particular to an aluminum-based composite material and a hot extrusion molding preparation method thereof.
Background
Along with the change of the rapid pace of modern war, the demand on the armor material for the bullet-resistant armor is higher and higher, and the task of developing the bullet-resistant material for the high-performance armor is more and more urgent. Not only is the protection one-sided requirement placed on the protection effect, but there is also a need to place lower requirements on the density of ballistic armor materials. The traditional aluminum alloy armor is low in density but unsatisfactory in protection effect, and the thickness of the armor needs to be increased if the protection effect is ensured only, so that the performance of weaponry is greatly reduced.
Currently, TiAl alloys are developed rapidly, and are widely used in high-temperature structures mainly due to their high specific stiffness, high specific strength and excellent high-temperature resistance, however, although the performance of the titanium-aluminum alloys is excellent, the titanium-aluminum alloys cannot exert the ultrahigh strength characteristic of the titanium alloys, and the plasticity thereof is low, so that it is difficult to think of using the titanium-aluminum alloys for protective armor. The main reason for the excellent elastic resistance of the material is that on the one hand the material has high strength and high hardness, and on the other hand the armor material can effectively abrade the bullet, so that it is the best choice to prepare a composite material with excellent two properties. In addition thereto, B 4 C is a substance with the third hardness except diamond and cubic boron nitride in the nature, has excellent wear resistance and is very suitable for an enhancer of an anti-elastic material, and B is 4 The C has stable chemical property, is difficult to generate interface reaction with an aluminum alloy matrix in the process of manufacturing the composite material, and is an excellent reinforcement of the aluminum alloy.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention discloses an aluminum matrix composite material reinforced by mixing elastic titanium wire ceramics and a hot extrusion molding preparation method thereof.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
the aluminum-based composite material is characterized in that the components of the composite material comprise a titanium mesh, a boron carbide reinforcement and a matrix aluminum alloy; the composite material comprises 5-15% of titanium mesh, 16-22% of boron carbide reinforcement and the balance of matrix aluminum alloy.
The aluminum-based composite material is characterized in that the titanium mesh is made of TC4 aluminum alloy, the mesh number of the titanium mesh is 1-30 meshes, and the diameter of the titanium wire of the titanium mesh is 0.5-1 mm; the size of boron carbide particles in the boron carbide reinforcement body is 25-50 mu m.
The hot extrusion forming preparation method of the aluminum matrix composite material is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) processing the titanium mesh into a round shape according to the size of the inner cavity of the steel die, and spreading the titanium mesh layer by layer along the bottom of the steel die according to the mass percentage, the mesh number and the diameter of the titanium wire of the titanium mesh in the composite material; adding boron carbide particle powder into a steel mould according to the mass percentage of a boron carbide reinforcement in the composite material, sealing the upper part of the steel mould with a steel plate, and placing the steel mould after edge sealing on a vibration table for vibration; after the vibration is finished, taking down the steel plate, and compacting the titanium mesh and the boron carbide particle powder by using a press machine to obtain a prefabricated body;
(2) heating and insulating the prefabricated body; the base aluminum alloy is 2XXX aluminum alloy or 7XXX aluminum alloy, the base aluminum alloy is placed in an aluminum melting furnace to be melted, degassing is carried out after the base aluminum alloy is melted, and then heat preservation is carried out to obtain aluminum alloy liquid;
(3) casting the aluminum alloy liquid into a steel die, pressing the aluminum alloy liquid into a prefabricated body by using a press machine, and after the pressure maintaining process is finished, putting the whole steel die into an annealing furnace for annealing treatment; immediately taking the steel die out of the annealing furnace after annealing is finished, and demolding the material in the steel die to obtain a composite material blank;
(4) and (3) carrying out aging treatment on the composite material blank after heat preservation and water quenching.
The hot extrusion molding preparation method of the aluminum-based composite material is characterized in that when the titanium mesh is spread layer by layer along the bottom of the steel mold in the step (1), the angle difference between mesh wires of each layer of the titanium mesh is 30-45 degrees; placing the steel die after edge sealing on a vibration table, wherein the vibration frequency of vibration is 20 Hz-30 Hz, and the vibration time is 10 min-15 min; when the titanium mesh and the boron carbide particle powder are compacted by a press, the pressure of the press is kept between 5MPa and 10MPa, and the pressure maintaining time is kept between 5min and 10 min.
The hot extrusion molding preparation method of the aluminum-based composite material is characterized in that in the step (2), the preform is heated and kept at the temperature of 580-620 ℃ for 0.5-2 h; placing the matrix aluminum alloy in an aluminum melting furnace for melting, and controlling the temperature range to be 765-815 ℃; degassing after the matrix aluminum alloy melts, and then preserving the heat for 20-30 min.
The hot extrusion forming preparation method of the aluminum-based composite material is characterized in that in the step (3), the pressure for pressing the aluminum alloy liquid into the preform by using a press is controlled to be 26 MPa-33 MPa, the pressure maintaining time is controlled to be 20 min-30 min, and then the aluminum alloy liquid is air-cooled to 420 ℃.
The hot extrusion molding preparation method of the aluminum matrix composite material is characterized in that the annealing process of integrally placing the steel mold in the annealing furnace for annealing treatment in the step (3) is as follows: the annealing temperature is 390 to 420 ℃, the annealing time is 6 to 9 hours, and then the annealing furnace is cooled to 240 to 250 ℃.
The hot extrusion molding preparation method of the aluminum-based composite material is characterized in that in the step (4), when the base aluminum alloy is 2XXX aluminum alloy, the composite material blank is subjected to heat preservation at the temperature of 488-508 ℃ for 1-2 h, and the aging treatment process conditions are as follows: the aging temperature is 165-195 ℃, the temperature is kept for 3-6 h, and the air cooling is carried out to the room temperature; when the matrix aluminum alloy is 7XXX aluminum alloy, the heat preservation temperature of the composite material blank is 465-480 ℃, the heat preservation time is 1-2 h, and the process conditions of the aging treatment are as follows: keeping the primary aging temperature at 100-105 ℃ for 2-3 h, keeping the secondary aging temperature at 145-155 ℃ for 3-4 h, and cooling to room temperature.
The beneficial technical effects of the invention are as follows: the invention uses continuous titanium alloy net and B 4 C ceramic particles are used as a reinforcement, 2XXX or 7XXX high-strength aluminum alloy is used as a matrix, a titanium wire reinforced aluminum composite material is prepared by an extrusion casting method, and continuous high-hardness Ti3Al and other gold are formed in situ in the materialAn intergeneric compound phase filled with B in its vacant positions 4 And C strengthens the particles, so the elastic titanium wire ceramic mixed reinforced aluminum composite material with excellent comprehensive properties such as high strength, high hardness and the like is realized. In the invention, the titanium alloy net and B are extruded and cast by an extrusion casting method 4 The C particles are compounded with the high-strength aluminum alloy to prepare the elastic titanium wire ceramic mixed reinforced aluminum composite material with excellent comprehensive performance, the reasonable addition of the titanium mesh and the boron carbide in the prefabricated body effectively realizes the three-dimensional mesh and effective filling of the titanium wire, and the basic hardness and the strength characteristic of the composite material framework are ensured; and secondly, the internal stress of the composite material is effectively reduced and eliminated by formulating and optimizing annealing process parameters and heat treatment process parameters in the extrusion casting process, the excellent comprehensive performance of the composite material is ensured, and finally the manufacturing of the titanium wire ceramic mixed reinforced aluminum composite material is realized. The composite material has the comprehensive properties of light weight, high hardness, high strength, excellent plasticity and the like; the preparation method can realize the three-dimensional net structure of the aluminum-based composite material titanium net and the in-situ generation of Ti 3 Al, high-hardness ceramic particle filling and the like; the method has simple preparation process and high industrial feasibility and is suitable for industrial production.
Detailed Description
An aluminum-based composite material comprises a titanium mesh, a boron carbide reinforcement and a matrix aluminum alloy; the composite material comprises, by mass, 5-15% of a titanium mesh, 16-22% of a boron carbide reinforcement and the balance of a matrix aluminum alloy. The titanium net is made of TC4 aluminum alloy, the mesh number of the titanium net is 1-30 meshes, and the diameter of the titanium wire of the titanium net is 0.5-1 mm; the size of boron carbide particles in the boron carbide reinforcement is 25-50 mu m; the base aluminum alloy is a 2XXX aluminum alloy or a 7XXX aluminum alloy.
The hot extrusion molding preparation method of the aluminum matrix composite material comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing a prefabricated body: processing the titanium mesh into a circular shape according to the size of an inner cavity of the steel die, and spreading the titanium mesh layer by layer along the bottom of the steel die according to the mass percentage content, the mesh number and the diameter of the titanium wires in the composite material, wherein the angle difference between the wires of each layer of the titanium mesh is 30-45 degrees; after the titanium wire is laid, adding boron carbide particle powder into a steel mould according to the mass percentage content of the boron carbide reinforcement in the composite material, sealing the upper part of the steel mould with a steel plate, and placing the steel mould after edge sealing on a vibration table for vibration, wherein the vibration frequency is 20-30 Hz, and the vibration time is 10-15 min; after the vibration is finished, taking down the steel plate, and compacting the titanium mesh and the boron carbide particle powder by using a press machine to obtain a prefabricated body; when the titanium mesh and the boron carbide particle powder are compacted by a press, the pressure of the press is kept between 5MPa and 10MPa, and the pressure maintaining time is kept between 5min and 10 min. The preparation of the prefabricated body is an important process step for realizing the invention, the angle difference of the mesh wires is 30-45 degrees when the titanium meshes are layered, the main purpose is to cause the angle deviation of the titanium mesh wires between layers, after the layers of the titanium meshes are layered, the adjacent titanium mesh wires can be contacted in the preparation process of the composite material, and finally, the titanium mesh three-dimensional mesh structure is realized in the composite material, which can also be considered as a framework of the composite material; the boron carbide particles are filled into the three-dimensional net-shaped space under the assistance of the vibration table, so that the weak link is filled, and the strength of the prefabricated body is greatly improved.
(2) Heating a prefabricated body and smelting an aluminum matrix: heating and insulating the prefabricated body, wherein the temperature insulation interval of the heating and insulating of the prefabricated body is 580-620 ℃, and the temperature insulation time is 0.5-2 h; the base aluminum alloy is 2XXX aluminum alloy or 7XXX aluminum alloy, the base aluminum alloy is placed in an aluminum melting furnace to be melted, degassing is carried out after the base aluminum alloy is melted, and then heat preservation is carried out to obtain aluminum alloy liquid; when the matrix aluminum alloy is placed in an aluminum melting furnace for melting, controlling the temperature interval to be 765-815 ℃; degassing after the matrix aluminum alloy is melted, and then carrying out heat preservation for 20-30 min.
(3) Squeeze casting, annealing and demoulding treatment: casting the aluminum alloy liquid into a steel die, pressing the aluminum alloy liquid into a prefabricated body by using a press machine, and after the pressure maintaining process is finished, putting the whole steel die into an annealing furnace for annealing treatment; the annealing process comprises the following steps: the annealing temperature is 390 to 420 ℃, the annealing time is 6 to 9 hours, and then the annealing furnace is cooled to 240 to 250 ℃. Immediately taking the steel die out of the annealing furnace after annealing is finished, and demolding the material in the steel die to obtain a composite material blank; benefit toThe pressure of pressing the aluminum alloy liquid into the preform is controlled to be 26 MPa-33 MPa by a press, the pressure maintaining time is controlled to be 20 min-30 min, and then the preform is cooled to 420 ℃ by air. Annealing and demolding treatment are important means for ensuring the quality of the composite material, and the main reasons include the following aspects: first, the reinforcement is either a titanium wire or B 4 The difference of the thermal expansion coefficients of the C particles and the matrix aluminum alloy is large, and large internal stress is generated in the preparation process of the composite material; secondly, the titanium wire and the aluminum matrix have interface reaction, and the interface debonding can be caused by overlarge internal stress, so that defects are formed inside the composite material. Therefore, the annealing temperature of the composite material is determined to be close to that of the matrix alloy, and the internal stress is gradually released in the process of cooling to 240-250 ℃ along with the furnace.
(4) And (3) heat treatment: and (3) carrying out aging treatment on the composite material blank after heat preservation and water quenching. When the matrix aluminum alloy is 2XXX aluminum alloy, the composite material blank is subjected to heat preservation at the temperature of 488-508 ℃ for 1-2 h, the quenching medium is water, and the aging treatment process conditions are as follows: the aging temperature is 165-195 ℃, the temperature is kept for 3-6 h, and the air cooling is carried out to the room temperature; when the matrix aluminum alloy is 7XXX aluminum alloy, the composite material blank is subjected to heat preservation at the temperature of 465-480 ℃ for 1-2 h, the quenching medium is water, and the aging treatment process conditions are as follows: keeping the primary aging temperature at 100-105 ℃ for 2-3 h, keeping the secondary aging temperature at 145-155 ℃ for 3-4 h, and cooling to room temperature. The heat treatment process of the composite material is an important means for ensuring the final realization of the scheme of the invention. The quality of the elastic resistance effect of the material is related to the comprehensive properties of the hardness, the strength and the elongation of the material. In the invention, when the base aluminum alloy is 2XXX, the heat treatment system of the composite material is that the solid solution temperature and the time are 488-508 ℃ and 1-2 h, the quenching medium is water, the aging process is that the aging temperature is 165-195 ℃, the heat preservation is carried out for 3-6 h, and the composite material is cooled to the room temperature by air; when the matrix aluminum alloy is 7XXX, the heat treatment system of the composite material is that the solid solution temperature and the time are 465-480 ℃ and 1-2 h, the quenching medium is water, the aging process is that the primary aging temperature is 100-105 ℃, the heat preservation is carried out for 2-3 h, the secondary aging temperature is 145-155 ℃, the heat preservation is carried out for 3-4 h, and the air cooling is carried out to the room temperature. When the matrix is 2XXX or 7XXX, the determination of the solid solution temperature interval of the composite material is basically equivalent to that of an aluminum alloy matrix, however, the aging temperature and time are different to a certain extent, on one hand, the temperature and the heat preservation time of the aging process are improved based on the cost consideration; on the other hand, the determination of the aging time is particularly important because the addition of boron carbide or titanium mesh accelerates the aging kinetics of the base alloy as a result of the influence of the reinforcement or the like on the aging process of the alloy. The more important reason is that the aging time is too long or too short, which can significantly reduce the strength of the composite material and is not favorable for the exertion of the anti-elasticity performance.
Example 1
The aluminum-based composite material comprises a titanium mesh, a boron carbide reinforcement and a matrix aluminum alloy; the titanium mesh is made of TC4 aluminum alloy, the mass percentage content of the titanium mesh is 10%, the mesh number of the titanium mesh is 15 meshes, and the diameter of the titanium wire of the titanium mesh is 0.75 mm; the mass percentage content of the boron carbide reinforcement is 18 percent, the particle size of the boron carbide is 35 mu m, the rest is matrix aluminum alloy, and the matrix aluminum alloy is 2024 aluminum alloy. The composite material in this example was prepared according to the following steps:
(1) preparing a prefabricated body: processing the titanium mesh into a round shape according to the size of the inner cavity of the steel die, spreading the titanium mesh layer by layer along the bottom of the steel die according to the mass percentage, the mesh number and the diameter of the titanium wires in the composite material, wherein the angle difference between the wires of each layer of the titanium mesh is 40 degrees; after the titanium wire is laid, adding boron carbide particle powder into a steel mould according to the mass percentage of a boron carbide reinforcement in the composite material, sealing the upper part of the steel mould with a steel plate, and placing the steel mould after edge sealing on a vibration table for vibration, wherein the vibration frequency is 26Hz, and the vibration time is 13 min; after the vibration is finished, taking down the steel plate, and compacting the titanium mesh and the boron carbide particle powder by using a press machine to obtain a prefabricated body; when the titanium mesh and the boron carbide particle powder are compacted by a press, the pressure of the press is kept at 7MPa, and the pressure keeping time is 9 min.
(2) Heating a prefabricated body and smelting an aluminum matrix: heating and insulating the prefabricated body, wherein the heating and insulating interval of the prefabricated body is 590 ℃, and the insulating time is 1 h; and the matrix aluminum alloy is 2024 aluminum alloy, the matrix aluminum alloy is placed in an aluminum melting furnace to be melted, the temperature interval is controlled to be 790 ℃, degassing is carried out after the matrix aluminum alloy is melted, and then heat preservation is carried out for 24min, so that the aluminum alloy liquid is obtained.
(3) Squeeze casting, annealing and demoulding treatment: casting the aluminum alloy liquid into a steel die, pressing the aluminum alloy liquid into a prefabricated body by using a press machine, and after the pressure maintaining process is finished, putting the whole steel die into an annealing furnace for annealing treatment; and (3) pressing the aluminum alloy liquid into the preform by using a press, controlling the pressure to be 29MPa and the dwell time to be 26min, and then air-cooling to 420 ℃. The annealing process comprises the following steps: the annealing temperature is 400 ℃, the annealing time is 7 hours, and then the furnace is cooled to 245 ℃. And immediately taking the steel die out of the annealing furnace after annealing is finished, and demolding the material in the steel die to obtain the composite material blank.
(4) And (3) heat treatment: and (3) carrying out aging treatment on the composite material blank after heat preservation and water quenching. The heat treatment system of the composite material is that the solid solution temperature and the time are 495 ℃ and 1h, the quenching medium is water, the aging process is that the aging temperature is 185 ℃ and the aging time is 4h, and the composite material is cooled to the room temperature by air.
Example 2
The aluminum-based composite material comprises a titanium mesh, a boron carbide reinforcement and a matrix aluminum alloy; the titanium mesh is made of TC4 aluminum alloy, the mass percentage content of the titanium mesh is 5%, the mesh number of the titanium mesh is 1 mesh, and the diameter of the titanium wire of the titanium mesh is 0.5 mm; the mass percentage content of the boron carbide reinforcement is 16 percent, the particle size of the boron carbide is 25 mu m, the rest is matrix aluminum alloy, and the matrix aluminum alloy is 7075 aluminum alloy. The composite material in this example was prepared according to the following steps:
(1) preparing a prefabricated body: processing the titanium mesh into a round shape according to the size of the inner cavity of the steel die, spreading the titanium mesh layer by layer along the bottom of the steel die according to the mass percentage, the mesh number and the diameter of the titanium wires in the composite material, wherein the angle difference between the wires of each layer of the titanium mesh is 30 degrees; after the titanium wire is laid, adding boron carbide particle powder into a steel mould according to the mass percentage of a boron carbide reinforcement in the composite material, sealing the upper part of the steel mould with a steel plate, and placing the steel mould after edge sealing on a vibration table for vibration, wherein the vibration frequency is 20Hz, and the vibration time is 10 min; after the vibration is finished, taking down the steel plate, and compacting the titanium mesh and the boron carbide particle powder by using a press machine to obtain a prefabricated body; when the titanium mesh and the boron carbide particle powder are compacted by a press, the pressure of the press is kept at 5MPa, and the pressure keeping time is 5 min.
(2) Heating a prefabricated body and smelting an aluminum matrix: heating and insulating the prefabricated body, wherein the heating and insulating interval of the prefabricated body is 580 ℃, and the insulating time is 0.5 h; and (3) melting the base aluminum alloy 7075 in an aluminum melting furnace, controlling the temperature interval to 765 ℃, degassing after the base aluminum alloy is melted, and then preserving heat for 20min to obtain the aluminum alloy liquid.
(3) Extrusion casting, annealing and demolding treatment: casting the aluminum alloy liquid into a steel die, pressing the aluminum alloy liquid into a prefabricated body by using a press machine, and after the pressure maintaining process is finished, putting the whole steel die into an annealing furnace for annealing treatment; and (3) pressing the aluminum alloy liquid into the preform by using a press, controlling the pressure to be 26MPa and the dwell time to be 20min, and then air-cooling to 420 ℃. The annealing process comprises the following steps: the annealing temperature is 390 ℃, the annealing time is 6h, and then the furnace is cooled to 240 ℃. And immediately taking the steel die out of the annealing furnace after annealing is finished, and demolding the material in the steel die to obtain the composite material blank.
(4) And (3) heat treatment: and (3) carrying out aging treatment on the composite material blank after heat preservation and water quenching. The heat treatment system of the composite material is that the solid solution temperature and time are 465 ℃ and 1h, the quenching medium is water, the aging process is that the primary aging temperature is 100 ℃, the temperature is kept for 2h, the secondary aging temperature is 145 ℃, the temperature is kept for 3h, and the composite material is cooled to the room temperature by air.
Example 3
The aluminum-based composite material comprises a titanium mesh, a boron carbide reinforcement and a matrix aluminum alloy; the titanium mesh is made of TC4 aluminum alloy, the mass percentage content of the titanium mesh is 15%, the mesh number of the titanium mesh is 30 meshes, and the diameter of the titanium wire of the titanium mesh is 1 mm; the mass percentage content of the boron carbide reinforcement is 22%, the particle size of the boron carbide is 50 mu m, and the balance is matrix aluminum alloy which is 7075 aluminum alloy. The composite material in this example was prepared according to the following steps:
(1) preparing a prefabricated body: processing the titanium mesh into a circular shape according to the size of the inner cavity of the steel die, and spreading the titanium mesh layer by layer along the bottom of the steel die according to the mass percentage, the mesh number and the diameter of the titanium wires in the composite material, wherein the angle difference between the wires of each layer of the titanium mesh is 45 degrees; after the titanium wire is laid, adding boron carbide particle powder into a steel mould according to the mass percentage of a boron carbide reinforcement in the composite material, sealing the upper part of the steel mould with a steel plate, and placing the steel mould after edge sealing on a vibration table for vibration, wherein the vibration frequency is 30Hz, and the vibration time is 15 min; after the vibration is finished, taking down the steel plate, and compacting the titanium mesh and the boron carbide particle powder by using a press machine to obtain a prefabricated body; and when the titanium mesh and the boron carbide particle powder are compacted by using a press machine, the pressure of the press machine is kept at 10MPa, and the pressure keeping time is 10 min.
(2) Heating a prefabricated body and smelting an aluminum matrix: heating and insulating the prefabricated body, wherein the heating and insulating interval of the prefabricated body is 620 ℃, and the insulating time is 2 hours; and (3) melting the base aluminum alloy 7075 in an aluminum melting furnace, controlling the temperature interval to be 815 ℃, degassing after the base aluminum alloy is melted, and then preserving heat for 30min to obtain the aluminum alloy liquid.
(3) Squeeze casting, annealing and demoulding treatment: casting the aluminum alloy liquid into a steel die, pressing the aluminum alloy liquid into a prefabricated body by using a press machine, and after the pressure maintaining process is finished, putting the whole steel die into an annealing furnace for annealing treatment; and (3) pressing the aluminum alloy liquid into the preform by using a press machine, controlling the pressure to be 33MPa and the pressure maintaining time to be 30min, and then air-cooling to 420 ℃. The annealing process comprises the following steps: the annealing temperature is 420 ℃, the annealing time is 9 hours, and then the annealing furnace is cooled to 250 ℃. And immediately taking the steel die out of the annealing furnace after annealing is finished, and demolding the material in the steel die to obtain the composite material blank.
(4) And (3) heat treatment: and (3) performing aging treatment on the composite material blank after heat preservation and water quenching. The heat treatment system of the composite material is that the solid solution temperature and time are 480 ℃ and 2h, the quenching medium is water, the aging process is that the primary aging temperature is 105 ℃ and the heat preservation is 3h, the secondary aging temperature is 155 ℃ and the heat preservation is 4h, and the composite material is cooled to the room temperature by air.
Example 4
The aluminum-based composite material comprises a titanium mesh, a boron carbide reinforcement and a matrix aluminum alloy; the titanium mesh is made of TC4 aluminum alloy, the mass percentage content of the titanium mesh is 10%, the mesh number of the titanium mesh is 15 meshes, and the diameter of the titanium wire of the titanium mesh is 0.75 mm; the mass percentage content of the boron carbide reinforcement is 19 percent, the particle size of the boron carbide is 38 mu m, and the rest is matrix aluminum alloy which is 7075 aluminum alloy. The composite material in this example was prepared according to the following steps:
(1) preparing a prefabricated body: processing the titanium mesh into a round shape according to the size of the inner cavity of the steel die, spreading the titanium mesh layer by layer along the bottom of the steel die according to the mass percentage, the mesh number and the diameter of the titanium wires in the composite material, wherein the angle difference between the wires of each layer of the titanium mesh is 38 degrees; after the titanium wire is laid, adding boron carbide particle powder into a steel mould according to the mass percentage of a boron carbide reinforcement in the composite material, sealing the upper part of the steel mould with a steel plate, and placing the steel mould after edge sealing on a vibration table for vibration, wherein the vibration frequency is 25Hz, and the vibration time is 13 min; after the vibration is finished, taking down the steel plate, and compacting the titanium mesh and the boron carbide particle powder by using a press machine to obtain a prefabricated body; when the titanium mesh and the boron carbide particle powder are compacted by a press, the pressure of the press is kept at 8MPa, and the pressure keeping time is 8 min.
(2) Heating a prefabricated body and smelting an aluminum matrix: heating and insulating the prefabricated body, wherein the heating and insulating interval of the prefabricated body is 600 ℃, and the insulating time is 1.25 h; and (3) melting the base aluminum alloy 7075 in an aluminum melting furnace, controlling the temperature interval to be 790 ℃, degassing after the base aluminum alloy is melted, and then preserving heat for 25min to obtain the aluminum alloy liquid.
(3) Extrusion casting, annealing and demolding treatment: casting the aluminum alloy liquid into a steel die, pressing the aluminum alloy liquid into a prefabricated body by using a press machine, and after the pressure maintaining process is finished, putting the whole steel die into an annealing furnace for annealing treatment; and (3) pressing the aluminum alloy liquid into the preform by using a press, controlling the pressure to be 30MPa and the dwell time to be 25min, and then air-cooling to 420 ℃. The annealing process comprises the following steps: the annealing temperature is 405 ℃, the annealing time is 8 hours, and then the furnace is cooled to 245 ℃. And immediately taking the steel die out of the annealing furnace after annealing is finished, and demolding the material in the steel die to obtain the composite material blank.
(4) And (3) heat treatment: and (3) carrying out aging treatment on the composite material blank after heat preservation and water quenching. The heat treatment system of the composite material is that the solid solution temperature and the time are 470 ℃ and 1.5h, the quenching medium is water, the aging process is that the primary aging temperature is 100 ℃, the temperature is kept for 2.5h, the secondary aging temperature is 155 ℃, the temperature is kept for 3.5h, and the composite material is cooled to the room temperature by air.
Comparative example 1
In comparative example 1, in step (1) of composite material preparation, titanium mesh was spread layer by layer along the bottom of a steel mold, the angle difference between the mesh wires of each layer of titanium mesh was 0 °, and the rest was the same as in example 3.
Comparative example 2
In comparative example 2, in the step (3) of preparing the composite material, the material in the steel mold was directly demolded without annealing treatment, and the rest was the same as in example 3.
Comparative example 3
In comparative example 3, in step (4) of preparing the composite material, the aging process was carried out at an aging temperature of 170 ℃ for 4 hours, and the rest was the same as in example 1.
Comparative example 4
In comparative example 4, the aging process in step (4) of the composite material preparation was carried out at an aging temperature of 138 ℃ for 7 hours, and the rest was the same as in example 3.
Table 1 shows the comparison of the comprehensive results of the density, the flexible interface detection, the mechanical properties and the surface quality of the extruded section of the composite materials prepared in examples 1 to 4 of the present invention and comparative examples 1 to 4, respectively, and the results are as follows:
TABLE 1 comparison of the overall results for composites prepared in examples 1-4 and comparative examples 1-4
| Case(s) | Brinell hardness | Tensile strength/MPa | Elongation/percent | Remarks for note |
| Example 1 | 273 | 608 | 3.6 | |
| Example 2 | 252 | 622 | 4.05 | |
| Example 3 | 310 | 706 | 2.2 | |
| Example 4 | 278 | 679 | 3.4 | |
| Comparative example 1 | 280 | 700 | 2.1 | The hardness distribution is not uniform and is basically between 270 DEG and 300 DEG |
| Comparative example 2 | After demoulding and cooling, cracking is carried out, and performance test is not carried out | |||
| Comparative example 3 | 255 | 570 | 4.2 | |
| Comparative example 4 | 320 | 728 | 1.0 |
The ballistic resistant aluminum-based composite materials obtained in examples 1 to 4 have high hardness, high strength and elongation of substantially more than 2%, and do not crack during demolding and heat treatment, and are high-quality candidate materials for ballistic resistant aluminum alloys. Compared with example 3, the angle of the mesh wire in the titanium mesh layering process in comparative example 1 is different by 0 degrees, and the preparation result shows that: the internal strength and elongation of the composite material remain substantially unchanged, however, the hardness of the composite material exhibits a significant maldistribution characteristic, resulting in an overall non-uniform composite material performance that can adversely affect the ballistic resistance of the material. Compared with the example 3, the composite material in the comparative example 2 is not annealed after being prepared, while the volume fraction of the reinforcement in the example 3 is higher, under the condition, the composite material after the composite material which is not annealed is demolded is directly cracked, and the material is scrapped. In comparative example 3, the aging process of the composite material adopted the T6 heat treatment process of the matrix alloy, and the preparation results show that: after the process, the hardness and the strength of the composite material are obviously reduced, although the elongation is slightly improved, the main reason is that under the process condition, the matrix alloy is in an overaging state, so that the strength and the hardness of the alloy are reduced, the property combination is not suitable for exerting the anti-elastic property of the material, namely the heat treatment process parameters do not consider the influence of the reinforcing body on the aging dynamics of the matrix alloy. In comparative example 4, the T6 heat treatment process using the 7075 alloy was used for an aging time equal to the total aging time of example 3, however, as seen from the results, the hardness and strength of the composite material were increased, but the elongation was significantly reduced, exhibiting a marked brittleness characteristic, and therefore, the material was not suitable for preparing an elastic-resistant material in a state where premature fracture failure of the material was likely to occur due to excessively high brittleness. From the above results, it can be seen that the technical solution is to achieve the best anti-elastic performance of the composite material.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention. It should be noted that other equivalent modifications can be made by those skilled in the art in light of the teachings of the present invention, and all such modifications can be made as are within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. The aluminum-based composite material is characterized in that the components of the composite material comprise a titanium mesh, a boron carbide reinforcement and a matrix aluminum alloy; the composite material comprises 5-15% of titanium mesh, 16-22% of boron carbide reinforcement and the balance of matrix aluminum alloy.
2. The aluminum-based composite material as claimed in claim 1, wherein the titanium mesh is made of TC4 aluminum alloy, the mesh number of the titanium mesh is 1-30 meshes, and the diameter of the titanium wire of the titanium mesh is 0.5-1 mm; the size of boron carbide particles in the boron carbide reinforcement body is 25-50 mu m.
3. A method for producing an aluminium matrix composite according to any one of claims 1 to 2, characterised in that it comprises the following steps:
(1) processing the titanium mesh into a round shape according to the size of the inner cavity of the steel die, and spreading the titanium mesh layer by layer along the bottom of the steel die according to the mass percentage content, the mesh number and the diameter of the titanium wires of the titanium mesh in the composite material; adding boron carbide particle powder into a steel mould according to the mass percentage of a boron carbide reinforcement in the composite material, sealing the upper part of the steel mould with a steel plate, and placing the steel mould after edge sealing on a vibration table for vibration; after the vibration is finished, taking down the steel plate, and compacting the titanium mesh and the boron carbide particle powder by using a press machine to obtain a prefabricated body;
(2) heating and insulating the prefabricated body; the base aluminum alloy is 2XXX aluminum alloy or 7XXX aluminum alloy, the base aluminum alloy is placed in an aluminum melting furnace to be melted, degassing is carried out after the base aluminum alloy is melted, and then heat preservation is carried out to obtain aluminum alloy liquid;
(3) casting the aluminum alloy liquid into a steel die, pressing the aluminum alloy liquid into a prefabricated body by using a press machine, and after the pressure maintaining process is finished, putting the whole steel die into an annealing furnace for annealing treatment; immediately taking the steel mould out of the annealing furnace after the annealing is finished, and demoulding the material in the steel mould to obtain a composite material blank;
(4) and (3) performing aging treatment on the composite material blank after heat preservation and water quenching.
4. The hot extrusion molding preparation method of the aluminum-based composite material as claimed in claim 3, wherein in the step (1), when the titanium mesh is spread layer by layer along the bottom of the steel mold, the angle difference between the mesh wires of each layer of the titanium mesh is 30-45 degrees; placing the steel die after edge sealing on a vibration table, wherein the vibration frequency of vibration is 20 Hz-30 Hz, and the vibration time is 10 min-15 min; when the titanium mesh and the boron carbide particle powder are compacted by a press, the pressure of the press is kept between 5MPa and 10MPa, and the pressure maintaining time is kept between 5min and 10 min.
5. The hot extrusion molding preparation method of the aluminum matrix composite material as claimed in claim 3, wherein in the step (2), the preform is heated and kept at the temperature of 580-620 ℃ for 0.5-2 h; placing the matrix aluminum alloy in an aluminum melting furnace for melting, and controlling the temperature range to be 765-815 ℃; degassing after the matrix aluminum alloy is melted, and then carrying out heat preservation for 20-30 min.
6. The hot extrusion molding production method of an aluminum matrix composite according to claim 3, wherein in the step (3), the pressure for pressing the aluminum alloy liquid into the preform by the press is controlled to be 26MPa to 33MPa, the dwell time is controlled to be 20min to 30min, and then air-cooled to 420 ℃.
7. The method for preparing the aluminum matrix composite material by the hot extrusion molding according to claim 3, wherein the annealing process of putting the whole steel mold in the annealing furnace for annealing treatment in the step (3) comprises the following steps: the annealing temperature is 390 to 420 ℃, the annealing time is 6 to 9 hours, and then the annealing furnace is cooled to 240 to 250 ℃.
8. The hot extrusion forming preparation method of the aluminum matrix composite according to claim 3, wherein in the step (4), when the base aluminum alloy is a 2XXX aluminum alloy, the composite blank is subjected to heat preservation at 488 ℃ -508 ℃ for 1 h-2 h, and the aging treatment process conditions are as follows: the aging temperature is 165-195 ℃, the temperature is kept for 3-6 h, and the air cooling is carried out to the room temperature; when the matrix aluminum alloy is 7XXX aluminum alloy, the composite material blank is subjected to heat preservation at the temperature of 465-480 ℃ for 1-2 h, and the aging treatment process conditions are as follows: preserving the heat for 2 to 3 hours at the primary aging temperature of between 100 and 105 ℃, preserving the heat for 3 to 4 hours at the secondary aging temperature of between 145 and 155 ℃, and cooling the mixture to room temperature.
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